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Features
Block diagram
Description
Microcontroller is the central component which controls all the activities like reading data) from matrix
keyboard and RFID reader , writing and reading data to/from EEPROM, displaying information on
LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), controlling buzzer and Relay.
In order to do all the activities a program (sequence of instruction) must be written for the
microcontroller. This program is called firmware. In order to execute the program, Microcontroller
requires basic configuration like 5V regulated power supply, clock, and reset circuit.
16*2 (2 line of 16 character) LCD is used for displaying temperature and relay status. It provides easy
user interface. It needs to initialize before displaying data. This initialization is done by Microcontroller.
Relay is used to control external device. (Cooler/heater) Since microcontroller does not provide
sufficient current, hence relay driver is required.
4*3 matrix keyboard is used to enter password and to control devices, 4*3 matrix keyboard requires
only 7 I/O lines, where as the line keyboard requires 12 I/O lines.
EEPROM is used to store password and relay status, since the Microcontroller does not have built in
EEPROM.
RFID reader module is shown in figure is used to read the tag ID. RFID Proximity OEM Reader Module
has a built-in antenna in minimized form factor. It is designed to work on the industry standard carrier
frequency of 125 kHz.
The tag data is sent to the host systems via the wired communication.
Microcontroller and ICs requires 5V regulated power supply, which is obtained from 230V AC by
using step down transformer , rectifier, filter and regulators.
Software
1. KEIL Uv2 IDE
2. ATMEL PROGRAMMER.
Hardware
4. SMART CARDS,
5. LCD,
7. RELAY,
Working Principle
After applying the power to the system, the microcontroller resets because of power on reset
configuration and initializes the communication for EEPROM and RFID reader module, then initializes
the ports for matrix Keyboard and motor driver IC.
Then it checks for the EEPROM, if programmed EEPROM is detected it retrieves the data (password
and system parameters) and updates the registers. If new EEPROM is detected, the default data are
stored in EEPROM.
If there is error in EEPROM, it operates in default mode, and waits until for tag detection.
The tag data is read by the module in-turn microcontroller reads the data from UART. The tag data is
compared, if its matched it reads the password from the keyboard and then the password is correct, the
motor can be accessed.