Leading Causes of Mortality

Leading Causes of Mortality
MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES
NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION
Philippines
5-Year Average (2005-2009) & 2010
5-Year Average
2010*
(2005-2009)
CAUSES
Number Rate Number Rate
1. Diseases of the Heart 88,299 99.4 102,936 109.5
2. Diseases of the Vascular System 58,761 66.2 68,553 72.9
3. Malignant Neoplasms 44,627 50.3 49,820 53.0
4. Pneumonia 37,865 42.6 45,591 48.5
5. Accidents** 35,005 39.5 36,329 38.6
6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,296 28.6 24,714 26.3
7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 21,586 24.4 22,877 24.3
8. Diabetes Mellitus 20,964 23.6 21,512 22.9
9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 12,321 13.9 14,048 14.9
10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

12,257 13.8 12,086 12.9
period
Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

* reference year
** External causes of Mortality
Philippines
5-Year Average (2004-2008) & 2009
5-Year Average
2009*
(2004-2008)
CAUSES
4. Pneumonia 35,756 41.1 42,642 46.2
5. Accidents** 34,704 39.9 35,990 39.0
9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 11,612 13.4 13,799 15.0

12,590 14.5 11,514 12.5
period

* reference year

Philippines
5-Year Average (2003-2007) & 2008
5-Year
Average 2008*
CAUSES (2003-2007)
4. Pneumonia 34,226 40.2 39,707 43.9
5. Accidents** 34,393 40.5 35,522 39.3
7. Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) 18,089 21.2 22,778 25.2
9.Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

12,901 15.2 12,565 13.9
period
10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome

11,015 12.9 12,538 13.9
and nephrosis

* reference year
Philippines
5-Year Average (2002-2006) & 2007
5-Year
Average 2007*
CAUSES (2002-2006)
4. Pneumonia 33,968 40.8 35,509 40.1
5. Accidents** 34,311 41.2 34,026 38.4

13,243 16.0 12,502 14.1
period

10,407 12.5 12,231 13.8
and nephrosis

* reference year
Philippines
5-Year Average (2001-2005) & 2006

5-Year
Average 2006*
CAUSES (2001-2005)
4. Accidents** 33,650 41.4 36,162 41.6
5. Pneumonia 33,764 41.5 34,958 40.2

13,931 17.2 12,334 14.2
period

9,785 12.0 11,981 13.8
and nephrosis

* reference year
Philippines
5-Year Average (2000-2004) & 2005
5-Year
CAUSES Average 2005*
(2000-2004)
4. Pneumonia 32,989 41.4 36,510 42.8
5. Accidents** 33,455 42.0 33,327 39.1
6. Tuberculosis 27,211 34.2 26,588 31.2

14,477 18.2 12,368 14.5
period

9,166 11.5 11,056 13.0
and nephrosis
*reference year
** External Causes of Mortality
Philippines
5-Year Average (1999-2003) & 2004
5-Year
Average 2004*
CAUSES (1999-2003)

4. Accidents** 32,564 41.8 34,483 41.3
5. Pneumonia 33,146 42.6 32,098 38.4
6. Tuberculosis 27,818 35.8 25,870 31.0
7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of

17,973 23.0 21,280 25.5
mortality

14,401 18.5 13,180 15.8
period
*reference year
** External Causes of Mortality
Philippines
5-Year Average (1998-2002) & 2003
5-Year
Average 2003*
CAUSES (1998-2002)

4. Accidents 31,746 41.6 33,966 41.9
5. Pneumonia 33,477 43.9 32,055 39.5
6. Tuberculosis 28,072 36.8 26,771 33.0
7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of

17,490 22.9 21,363 26.3
mortality

14,333 18.8 14,122 17.4
period
*reference year
Philippines, 2002
2002
CAUSES
Number Rate
1. Diseases of the Heart 70,138 88.2
2. Diseases of the Vascular System 49,519 62.3
3. Malignant Neoplasm 38,821 48.8
4. Pneumonia 34,218 43.0
5. Accidents 33,617 42.3
6. Tuberculosis 28,507 35.9

7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases & Allied Conditions 19,320 24.3
8. Certain Conditions Originating in

14,209 17.9
the Perinatal Period
9. Diabetes Mellitus 13,922 17.5
10. Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis 9,162 11.6
Philippines, 2001
2001
CAUSES
Number Rate
2. Diseases of the Vascular

53,092 68.1
System
4. Pneumonia 33,939 43.6
5. Accidents 32,856 42.2

15,778 20.2
10.Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis 8,871 11.4

Philippines, 2000
2000
CAUSES
Number Rate

48,271 63.2
System
4. Pneumonia 32,637 42.7
5. Accidents 32,355 42.4

15,098 19.8
Philippines, 1999
1999
CAUSES
Number Rate

43,671 58.4
System
4. Pneumonia 32,883 44.0
5. Accidents 30,026 40.2

12,800 17.1
MORTALITY: LEADING CAUSES, NUMBER, RATE & PERCENT OF TOTAL DEATHS
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5 YEAR AVERAGE (1993-1997) AND 1998
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1998
(1993-1997)
CAUSES

3. Pneumonia 32,573 58.4 33,709 46.1
5. Tuberculosis 17,989 32.3 29,874 40.8
6. Accidents 26,497 47.5 28,041 38.3
7. Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Diseases & 11,935 21.4 14,228 19.5
Allied Conditions
9. Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis 6,952 12.5 7,516 10.3
10.Other diseases of the Respiratory System 6,952 12.5 7,453 10.2
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5-YEAR
AVERAGE 1997
CAUSES (1992-1996)
3. Pneumonia 34,549 50.9 32,193 45.0
5. Accidents 14,372 21.2 29,375 41.1

6. Tuberculosis 11,148 16.4 26,151 36.5
7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases &

25,938 38.2 13,326 18.6
Allied Conditions
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5-YEAR
AVERAGE 1996
CAUSES (1991-1995)
3. Pneumonia 35,226 52.9 33,319 47.6
5. Tuberculosis 25,019 37.5 27,408 39.2
6. Accidents 13,253 19.9 16,554 23.7

10,174 15.3 12,482 17.8
Allied Conditions

9. Nephritis, Nephrotic
5,690 8.5 7,364 10.5
Syndrome and Nephrosis
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5-YEAR
AVERAGE 1995
CAUSES (1990-1994)
3. Pneumonia 36,746 56.3 33,637 49.0
5. Tuberculosis 24,470 37.5 27,053 39.4
6. Accidents 10,895 16.7 15,786 23.0

10,650 16.3 11,309 16.5
Allied Conditions
8. Other diseases of the Respiratory System 7,435 11.4 6,747 9.8
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5-YEAR
AVERAGE 1994
CAUSES (1989-1993)
3. Pneumonia 40,374 63.5 28,132 41.0
5. Tuberculosis 24,271 38.2 27,292 39.8
6. Accidents 10,295 16.2 14,752 21.5

7,725 12.1 11,405 16.6
Allied Conditions
8. Diarrheal Diseases 6,939 10.9 8,382 12.2
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES

5-YEAR
AVERAGE 1993
CAUSES (1988-1992)
3. Pneumonia 42,022 67.8 35,582 53.1
5. Tuberculosis 23,356 37.7 24,580 36.7
6. Accidents 11,292 18.2 13,477 20.1

7,931 12.8 11,154 16.7
Allied Conditions
No. & Rate/100,000 Pop.
PHILIPPINES
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1992
(1987-1991)
CAUSES

2. Pneumonia 44,871 74.3 42,074 64.4
5. Tuberculosis 25,828 42.8 23,356 35.7
6. Accidents 11,560 19.1 11,292 17.3
7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

7,521 12.5 9,391 14.4
Diseases and Allied Conditions
8. Other Diseases of the Respiratory

6,511 10.8 6,967 10.7
System
10. Septicemia 5,160 8.5 5,774 8.8
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1991
(1986-1990)
CAUSES
2. Pneumonia 47,655 81.0 36,705 57.7
4. Tuberculosis 27,386 46.5 22,814 35.9
7. Septicemia 4,868 8.3 5,992 9.4

9. Accidents 5,123 8.7 5,024 7.9
10. Measles 6,478 11.0 4,973 7.8
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1990rrr
(1985-1989)
CAUSES
2. Pneumonia 49,984 87.1 41,240 66.5
4. Tuberculosis 28,854 50.3 24,307 39.1
7. Septicemia 4,598 8.0 5,835 9.4
9. Accidents 11,051 19.3 3,993 6.4
10. Measles 8,246 14.4 3,499 5.6
5-YEAR AVERAGE
CAUSES 1989
(1984-1988)
1. Pneumonia 49,925 89.2 46,238 77.0
4. Tuberculosis 29,194 52.1 26,300 43.8
5.Malignant Neoplasms 19,158 34.2 21,933 36.5
6. Accidents 10,790 19.3 11,753 19.6
8. Measles 8,497 15.2 6,734 11.2
10. Septicemia 4,402 7.9 4,952 8.2
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1988
(1983-1987)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 50,166 91.8 47,444 80.8
4. Tuberculosis 29,506 54.0 27,020 46.0
6. Accidents 9,649 17.7 11,456 19.5

8. Measles 8,799 16.1 7,775 13.2
10. Septicemia 4,116 7.5 4,694 8.0
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1987
(1982-1986)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 48,701 91.3 52,700 91.9
4. Tuberculosis 29,428 55.2 28,697 50.0
6. Measles 7,340 13.8 12,431 21.7
7. Accidents 10,162 19.1 11,630 20.3
8. Diarrheal Dieases 12,347 23.2 10,589 18.5
9. Avitaminosis and other

6,642 12.5 5,229 9.1
Nutritional Deficiency
10. Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome

4,989 9.4 5,149 9.0
and Nephrosis
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1986
(1981-1985)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 47,209 90.7 50,621 90.4
3.Tuberculosis 28,771 55.3 30,604 54.6
6. Diarrhea 13,418 25.8 10,839 19.4
7. Accidents 8,330 16.0 10,348 18.5
8. Measles 7,861 15.1 6,249 11.2

6,786 13.0 6,145 11.0

4,823 9.3 5,273 9.4
and Nephrosis
1985
1985
CAUSES
Number Rate
1. Pneumonia 52,888 96.7

3.Tuberculosis 31,650 57.9

27,184 49.7
System
5.Malignant Neoplasms 18,143 33.2
6. Diarrhea 11,516 21.1
7. Accidents 10,070 18.4
8. Measles 8,043 14.7

7,114 13.0

5,470 10.0
and Nephrosis
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1984
(1979-1983)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 46,283 93.6 45,971 86.4
3.Tuberculosis 28,245 57.1 27,999 52.6
6. Diarrhea 14,839 30.0 11,553 21.7
7. Accidents 8,308 16.8 10,445 19.6
8. Measles 6,834 13.8 7,987 15.0

7,124 14.4 6,825 12.8

4,567 9.2 4,916 9.2
and Nephrosis
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1983
(1978-1982)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 45,686 94.9 48,650 93.6
3.Tuberculosis 28,208 58.6 28,580 55.0
6. Diarrhea 14,964 31.1 15,090 29.0
7. Measles 6,098 12.7 9,286 17.9

7,163 15.5 7,059 13.6
9. Accidents 9,712 20.2 5,752 11.2

4,262 8.9 4,816 9.3
and Nephrosis
5-YEAR AVERAGE
1982
(1977-1981)
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 46,072 98.0 45,373 89.3
3.Tuberculosis 28,907 61.5 28,309 55.7
6. Diarrhea 16,025 34.1 12,735 25.1
7. Measles 5,729 12.2 7,136 14.1

8,255 17.6 6,068 11.9
9. Accidents 10,805 23.0 5,863 11.5

4,128 8.8 4,470 8.8
and Nephrosis
Source: Philippine Health Statistics 1982 - 2010, DOH
Last Update: December 9, 2013
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Telephone No: (632) 651-7800 local 5001-5004
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Email Address: callcenter@doh.gov.ph
Cardiovascular Disease
Contact Person:
Franklin C. Diza, MD, MPH
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), cancers chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes (DM) are among the top
killers in the Philippines, causing more than half of all deaths annually. Hypertension and diseases of the
heart are among the ten leading causes of illnesses each year. These diseases are collectively known as
Lifestyle Related Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as defined in the National Objectives for health,
particularly because these diseases have common risk factors which are to large extent related to
unhealthy lifestyle.
POLICY STATEMENT
The prevention and control of chronic lifestyle related non-communicable diseases shall be guided by
the following policy statements.
1. The country shall adopt an integrated, comprehensive and community based response for the
prevention and control of chronic, lifestyle related NCDs.
2. Health promotion strategies shall be intensified to effect changes that would lead to significant
reduction in mortality and morbidity due to chronic lifestyle related NCDs.
3. Complementary accountabilities of all stakeholders must be ensured and actively pursued in the
implementation of an integrated, comprehensive and community based response to chronic lifestyle
related NCDs.
OBJECTIVE
1. Decrease of morbidity and mortality
2. Decrease in the economic burden of CVDs to the individual, family and community
STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED
Adopted in the context of health promotion in order to decrease the chances of the targeted
population to adopt high risk behaviours and habits that may lead to the development of cardiovascular
disease
Will be implemented by setting:
Community-based
School-based
Industry-based
Hospital-based
Training, research, environmental support system are important components of the progress
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION / ACTION
Program is well in place and its implementation is continuous. Focus of implementation is in the
community level and other settings.
Development of Administrative Order on the National Policy on the integrated chronic non-
communicable disease registry system (cancer, stroke, DM and COPD).
1st public hearing on the Administrative Order on the National Policy on the integrated chronic non-
communicable disease registry system with CHD-NCR, government and private hospitals and non-
government agencies.
Trained hospitals for the registry system entitled Users training for the Unified Registry System.
Trained CHDs for the Registry system.
Establishment of Philippine Coalition on the prevention and control of NCD.
A training manual for health workers on promoting healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle advocacy campaign.
Manual of operations on the prevention and control lifestyle related non-communicable diseases in the
Philippines.
Training manual for Health workers: WHO/ DOH smoking cessation clinic: Helping smokers quit.
FUTURE PLAN/ACTION
Implement the program through the institutionalized integrated program of NCD-lifestyle related
diseases control program.
Development of service package for cardiovascular diseases.
Development of clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular disease.
Development of strategic framework and five year strategic plan for cardiovascular disease (2012-
2016).
MISSION
To ensure that quality prevention and control and LRD services are accessible to all, especially to the
vulnerable and at-risk population.
VISION
A nation of Filipinos with healthy lifestyle and habits, living and working in clean and safe environment
and with access to adequate medical care for CVD.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Contact Person:
Franklin c. Diza, MD, MPH
Respiratory conditions impose an enormous burden on society. According to the WHO World Health
Report 2000, the top five respiratory disease account for 17.4% of all deaths and 13.3% of all Disability
Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Lower respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), tuberculosis and lung cancer are among the leading 10 causes of death worldwide. Based partly
on demographic changes in in the developing world, but also on the changes in health care systemss
schooling, income and tobacco use, the burden of communicable diseases is likely to lessen while the
burden of CRDs including asthma, COPD and lung cancer will worsen because of tobacco use.
POLICY STATEMENT:
The prevention and control of chronic lifestyle related non communicable diseases shall be guided by
the following policy statements:
1. The country shall adopt an integrated, comprehensive and community based response for the
prevention and control of chronic, lifestyle related NCDs.
2. Health promotion strategies shall be intensified to effect changes that would lead to a significant
reduction in mortality and morbidity due to chronic lifestyle related NCDs.
3. Complementary accountabilities of all stakeholders must be ensured and actively pursued in the
implementation of an integrated, comprehensive and community base response to chronic lifestyle
related NCDs.
OBJECTIVES
1. Decrease of morbidity and mortality
2. Decrease in the economic burden of CVDs to the individual, family and community.
STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED BY THE DOH
Adopted in the context of health promotion in order to decrease the chances of the targeted
population to adopt high risk behaviours and habits that may lead to the development of COPD.
Will be implemented by setting:

Community-based
School-based
Industry-based
Hospital-based
Training, research, environmental support system are important components of the progress
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION / ACTION
1. Development of Administrative Order on the National Policy on the integrated chronic non-
communicable disease registry system (cancer, stroke, DM and COPD).
2. 1st public hearing on the Administrative Order on the National Policy on the integrated chronic non-
communicable disease registry system with CHD-NCR, government and private hospitals and non-
government agencies.
3. Trained hospitals for the registry system entitled Users training for the Unified Registry System.
4. Trained CHDs for the Registry system.
5. Establishment of Philippine Coalition on the prevention and control of NCD.
6. A training manual for health workers on promoting healthy lifestyle.
7. Healthy lifestyle advocacy campaign.
8. Manual of operations on the prevention and control lifestyle related non-communicable diseases in
the Philippines.
9. Training manual for Health workers: WHO/ DOH smoking cessation clinic: Helping smokers quit.
FUTURE PLAN/ACTION
Implement the program through the institutionalized integrated program of NCD-lifestyle related
diseases control program.
Development of service package for cardiovascular diseases.
Development of clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular disease.
Development of strategic framework and five year strategic plan for cardiovascular disease (2012-
2016).
MISSION: To ensure that quality prevention and control and LRD services are accessible to all, especially
to the vulnerable and at-risk population.
VISION: Improved quality of life for all Filipinos.

MORTALITY
Mortality: All Causes by Age Group

In the Philippines, more than five people die for every one thousand population in 2013. This is equivalent to 531,280 registered
deaths from all causes and all ages. Of these deaths, 57 percent or 304,516 were males and 43 percent or 226,764 were females.
For every 100 female deaths, there correspond 134 male deaths and which constituted to a death sex ratio of 1.34. It is consistent
that numbers of male deaths are greater than female deaths. Consequently, males always have higher death rate than females.
Reports also showed that the highest occurrences of deaths were among the elderly persons, 70 years and over. It comprised more
than 38 percent of total deaths with 202,564 cases. However, death occurrence was least among age group 10-14 years with 0.9
percent. Deaths among under 1 year old is more than twice (21,992 or 4.1%) the number of deaths in ages 1-4 years (9,526 or
1.8%) The number of deaths increase as the people gets older. Statistics show that the risk of dying is directly proportional to age,
starting with age 10 and up.
Mortality: All Causes by Region
Reports showed that the highest incidence of death (by place of occurrence) was in CALABARZON with 75,743 or 14.3 percent
of the total deaths, followed by NCR with 71,050 deaths or 13.4 percent and Central Luzon with 60,409 deaths or 11.4 percent.
Deaths from these three regions comprised to almost 40 percent (39.1%) of the total deaths.
On the other hand, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) reported the least number of deaths with 1,484 or 0.3
percent only. While, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and CARAGA followed with a share of 1.4 percent and 2.4
percent respectively. These three regions were consistently low in terms of the number of deaths registered, which maybe a result
of either effective health intervention or under registration.
Mortality: All Causes by Attendance and Region
Across all regions, only NCR showed a higher proportion of attended deaths by a medical doctor at the time of death than not.
There is a difference of 14.4 percentage points (57.0 against 42.6%). For several years now, statistics show that even in NCR, a
highly urbanized region and where both public and private health facilities are accessible, still, a low percentage of attended
death is recorded. Dying without the attention of a medical doctor could be somehow an evidence of unaffordable health cost in
the country.
Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes

Out of 514,745 deaths registered in 2013, more than 81 percent (433,375) were attributed to the top ten leading causes of death
for the year. Deaths from all other causes comprised less than 20 percent of total deaths or 97,905 cases. More than one in every
five deaths was caused by Diseases of the Heart making it the number one leading cause of death. Diseases of the Heart remained
to be the first with 118,740 deaths. It recorded a 22.3 percent share from total deaths.
Diseases of the Heart had been consistently the number one cause of death for several years now. The 2013 number of deaths
from this condition is 6,159 deaths (5.4%) higher than what was reported in 2012 which had 112,581 deaths. This years number
of deaths from Diseases of the heart comprised 22.3 percent of total deaths. More males than females die from this cause. Out of
118,740 cases reported, 66,612 or 56 percent were males and 52,128 or 44 percent were females. Thus, the death sex ratio for
Diseases of the Heart was 1.28 or 129 males in every 100 females.
The next three diseases in the list which remained in their respective rankings for the past four years already were, Diseases of
the Vascular System (68,325; 12.9%), Malignant Neoplasm (53,601; 10.1%) and Pneumonia (53,101; 10.0%).
Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes by Sex
Eight out of the ten leading causes of deaths were male dominated. Female deaths were only higher than male deaths in
Malignant Neoplasms and Diabetes Mellitus cases. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in number of fatalities from
Accidents between male and female. From the total 40,071 deaths from Accidents, 77.9 percent or 31,218 cases were male and
only 22.1 percent or 8,853 were female. This means that men were almost four times more likely to die from Accidents than
women. Nonetheless, the same killer diseases were identified as the ten leading causes of death for separate groups of male and
female, which differed only in ranks when tabulated by sex.
Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes by Attendance
More deaths from the leading causes were not medically attended. Majority of deaths or nine out of the top ten killer diseases
were not attended by a medical doctor or any allied health officer in anytime during their illness or injury. Deaths from Certain
Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period was the only disease group causing death that showed higher percentage of cases
which had been attended by a medical doctor or allied health professional.
Infant Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes

In 2013, although the infant mortality rate slightly increased, the number of registered infant deaths slightly decreased by more
than one percent, from last years 22,254 cases to 21,992 cases. It comprised of 4.1 percent of the total deaths (531,280) reported
during the year. This represented a daily average of 60 infant deaths and was equivalent to an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 12.5
deaths per thousand live births. The top three leading causes of infant mortality were Pneumonia (3,146; 14.3%); Bacterial sepsis
of newborn (2,731; 12.4%); and Respiratory distress of newborn (2,347; 10.7%). The listed top ten leading causes of infant
mortality in 2013 were the same with what was recorded in 2012 which only differ in ranks.
Fetal Deaths: by Attendance

The total numbers of registered fetal deaths were 7,474 which was equivalent to a fetal death ratio (FDR) of 4.2 per one thousand
livebirth. There was a decrease in number of about 4.9 percent from previous years fetal deaths. This was translated to an
average of more than 20 fetal deaths per day for the year 2013. Almost all (99.1%) of fetal deaths were attended by qualified
medical professionals such as physician, nurse and midwife. The rest or 0.9 percent were attended by hilot or unlicensed
midwife.
Fetal Deaths: by Age of Mother
Most number of fetal deaths occurred to mothers in age-group 25-29 years, with 1,702 reported cases or 22.8 percent of total fetal
deaths. High number cases of fetal deaths were also registered to mothers of ages 20-24 years (1,648; 22.0%) and 30-34 years
(1,638; 21.9%). However, statistics show that older mother (40-49 years old) had higher risk of having fetal deaths than the
younger ones. The ratio of fetal deaths to livebirths was high on mothers belonging to age groups 40-44 (8.2) and 45-49 years
(6.3).
Content Source: Philippine Health Statistics 2013, Epidemiology Bureau, DOH

Page Last Update: 03 June 2016, 9:11 AM
How does non-communicable disease differ from chronic disease?
Chronic diseases appear under different names in different contexts. Sometimes the term "non-
communicable diseases" is used to make a distinction from infectious or "communicable diseases". Yet
several chronic diseases have an infectious component to their cause (source: WHO Preventing Chronic
Diseases: A Vital Investment)In the Philippines, "non-communicable" or "degenerative disease"
is commonly used depending on the perspective.
What are degenerative diseases?
These are diseases that can cause premature disability, mortality and morbidity (henc, the word
degenerative). These diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancers and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease.
What are the leading causes fo mortality in the Philippines?
The leading causes of death are diseases of the heart, diseases of the vascular system, pneumonias,
malignant neoplasms/cancers, all forms of tuberculosis, accidents, COPD and allied conditions, diabetes
mellitus, nephritis/nephritic syndrome and other diseases of respiratory system. Among these diseases,
six are non-communicable and four are the major NCDs such as CVD, cancers, COPD and diabetes
mellitus.
What are the risk factors commonly shared by lifestyle-related diseases?
The risk factors that are linked with lifestyle-related disease are smoking, unhealthy diet, physical
inactivity and stress.
What is Lifestyle-Related Disease?
"Lifestyle-related disease" is a term used to emphasize the contribution of behavior to the development
of chronic diseases.
Diabetes
How does one become a diabetic?
How will you know if you are a diabetic?
What are the complication of diabetes
What are the types of diabetes?
What can you do to control your blood sugar?
What causes it?
What is diabetes?
Who are at risk of diabetes?
HOW DOES ONE BECOME A DIABETIC?
Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not adequately produce insulin. It also happens when the body cannot properly use
insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary for the proper utilization of sugar by muscles. Fat and liver.
HOW WILL YOU KNOW IF YOU ARE A DIABETIC?

1. If you urinate frequently.
2. If experience excessive thirst.
3. If you have unexplained weight loss.
4. If your blood sugar level is higher than 200mg/dl.
5. If you have fasting plasma glucose level of more than 126m
WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATION OF DIABETES
Blindness
Kidney failure
Stroke
Heart attack
Wounds that would not heal
Impotence
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF DIABETES?
Type I- insulin dependent diabetes

Type II - Non-insulin dependent diabetes
WHAT CAN YOU DO TO CONTROL YOUR BLOOD

SUGAR?
1. Diet Therapy* Avoid simple sugars like cakes and chocolates. Instead have complex carbohydrate like rice, pasta, cereals and
fresh fruits.* Do not skip or delay meals. It causes fluctuations in blood sugar levels.* Eat more fiber-rich foods like vegetables.*
Cut down on salt.* Avoid alcohol. Dietary guidelines recommend no more than two drinks for men and no more than one drink
per day for women.
2. Exercise Regular exercise is an important part of diabetes control. Daily exercise . . .* Improves cardiovascular fitness* Helps
insulin to work better and lower blood sugar* Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels* Reduces body fat and controls body
weight Exercise at least 3 time a week for ate least 30 minutes each session. Always carry quick sugar sources like candy or soft
drink to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) during and after exercise.
3. Control your weight If you are overweight or obese, start weight reduction by diet and exercise. This improves your
cardiovascular risk profile.* It lowers your blood sugar* It improves your lipid profile* It improves your blood pressure control
4. Quit smoking. Smoking is harmful to your health.
5. Maintain a normal blood pressure. Since having hypertension puts a person at high risk of cardiovascular disease, especially if
it is associated with diabetes, reliable BP monitoring and control is recommended. See your doctor for advice and management. If
there is no improvement in blood sugar what advice can I expect my doctor to give? There are drug therapies using oral
hypoglycemic agents. Your doctor can prescribe one or two agents, depending on which is appropriate for you.
1. Sulfonylurea Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glimepiride, Repaglinide
2. Iguanid Metformin
3. Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Acarbose4. Thiazolidindione Troglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Proglitazone.
Remember If you have the classic symptoms of diabetes:* See your doctor for blood sugar testing* Start dieting eat plenty of
vegetables avoid sweets such as chocolates and cakes cut down on fatty foods* Exercise regularly* If you are obese, try to lose
some weight* Avoid alcohol drinking and stop smoking* If you are hypertensive, consult your doctor for advice and
management.
WHAT CAUSES IT?
Medical science has yet to identify the exact cause of alcohol dependence, but research suggests that genetic, psychological, and
social factors.
WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes is a serious, chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels associated with long term
damage and failure or organ functions, especially the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, the heart and blood vessels.
WHO ARE AT RISK OF DIABETES?
children of diabetics
obese people
people with hypertension
people with high cholesterol levels
people with sedentary lifestyles
INSULIN ACCESS PROGRAM
What are the access sites?

What are the offered prices?
What is Insulin Access Program?
WHAT ARE THE ACCESS SITES?

1. Amang Rodriguez Medical Center
2. Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center
3. Quirino Memorial Medical Center
4. Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. Regional Training & Teaching Hospital
5. Veterans Regional Hospital
6. Davao Regional Hospital
7. Bicol Medical Center
8. Bicol Regional Traning & Teaching Hospital
9. Las Pinas General Hospital
10. National Center For Mental Health
11. Cagayan Valley Medical Center
12. Batangas Regional Hospital
13. Tondo Medical Center
14. National Kidney & Transplant Institute
15. Eastern Visayas Medical Center
16. Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital
17. Region I Medical Center
18. Baguio General Hospital
19. Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center
20. Gov. Celestino Gallares Memorial Hospital
21. Lung Center Of The Phils.
22. Southern Philippines Medical Center
WHAT ARE THE OFFERED PRICES?
Unified Cost and Selling Prices of Insulin Products to DOH-Retained Hospitals

DOH Hospitals Selling Price per vial (Php)
Product
(Inclusive of VAT)
Biphasic Isophane Human Insulin 70/30
(70% Isophane Suspension + 30% Soluble Insulin) 500.00
100 IU/ml, 10 ml vial
Regular Insulin
500.00
100 IU/mL, 10 mL Vial 10 mL
Isophane Insulin Human
500.00
100 IU/mL, 10 mLVial
WHAT IS INSULIN ACCESS PROGRAM?
The DOH Insulin Access Program is a program under the Medicine Access Program (MAP) of the Department of Health (DOH)
through the National Center for Pharmaceutical Access and Management (NCPAM) provides access to medicines for diabetic
patients and is in line with Millennium Development Goal No. 8 aims to develop global partnership for development, where
partner pharmaceutical companies participate by providing access to affordable Insulin products through the consignment
system., implementation of which was started in 2009.
WHAT ARE GENERIC DRUGS?
Generic Drugs is a drug which is produced and distributed without patent protection.
Generic Drugs is a copy of original/innovator. Has the same active ingredient and quality but costs less
More generic drugs in the market brings down the costs of drugs due to more competition ex. Norvasc (Php 44) to Php 8 for
Bezam, Php 11 for Pharex, Php 17 for Unilab.
Generic Drugs are available once the patent protections afforded to the original developer have expired.
WHAT ARE PATENTED DRUG/INNOVATOR DRUG

PRODUCT/BRANDED ORIGINAL?
Drug that is put out by the company that spends billions of dollars on research to discover a molecule of a substance.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED AND
DISADVANTAGED AREAS (GIDA)
For further questions/details, please contact:

Is there any available list of identified areas under the GIDA?
What are the objectives of GIDA?
What are the program components of GIDA?
What is GIDA?
What is the goal of GIDA?
IS THERE ANY AVAILABLE LIST OF IDENTIFIED

AREAS UNDER THE GIDA?
Name of Office: Bureau of Local Health Development
The Bureau of Local Health Development is currently consolidating and analyzing the list of GIDA areas submitted by
the Center for Health Development (CHDs)

WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF GIDA?

The objectives of GIDA are the following:
1. To empower communities, local government units (LGUs) and key stakeholders toward good governance for health.
2. To generate LGU and community commitment to manage and sustain health care.
3. To strengthen multi-sectoral linkages through convergence and efficient use of resources.
4. To improve access and provision of health services.
WHAT ARE THE PROGRAM COMPONENTS OF GIDA?

The program components of GIDA are:
1. Community development
Community organization and mobilization
Community needs analysis
Participative community planning
Generation and allocation of resources (resource mobilization)
Alliance building and multi-sectoral partnership
2. Provision of technical and financial assistance
Upgrading of health facilities
Capacity and capability building
3. Monitoring and Evaluation
Documentation of best practices
GIDA Indicators
WHAT IS GIDA?

Refer to communities with marginalized population physically and socio-economically separated from the mainstream society
and characterized by:
1. Physical Factors - isolated due to distance, weather conditions and transportation difficulties (island, upland, lowland,
landlocked, hard to reach and unserved/underserved communities).
2. Socio-economic Factors (high poverty incidence, presence of vulnerable sector, communities in or recovering from situation of
crisis or armed conflict).
WHAT IS THE GOAL OF GIDA?

To establish and institutionalize a system for managing local health development in GIDA communities to ensure provision of
quality health care services
RARE DISEASE MEDICINES ACCESS PROGRAM

(RDMAP)
What are the objectives of the program?

What is Rare Disease Medicines Access Program (RDMAP)?
Who are the target beneficiaries of the Rare Disease Medicines Access Program (RDMAP)?
WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM?
To provide access to free Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) infusion initially for patients with Type 1 and 3Gauchers
Disease and to ensure compliance to treatment and management protocol of the identified patient beneficiaries through the
Patient Navigation Program.
WHAT IS RARE DISEASE MEDICINES ACCESS

PROGRAM (RDMAP)?
DOH is embarking on a program that will provide health care access to patients with rare disease through the Rare Disease
Medicines Access Program. Filipino patients born with rare diseases are orphaned by society. They suffer from social
abandonment because of lack of existing network of support to aid them. Medical help is elusive under the conditions of the
countrys health priority. The nature of their illness is hardly known due to lack of information and only a few medical
professionals in the country are aware of these disorders and know how to diagnose and address these conditions.
VALSARTAN ACCESS PROGRAM
What is Valsartan Access Program?
WHAT IS VALSARTAN ACCESS PROGRAM?
The DOH has concluded negotiations and discussions with Novartis Phils. Having entered into a Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) dated May 28, 2009. Under the MOU, Novartis will grant non-exclusive right to DOH market, promote and sell the
Valsartan Products under the mark DOH Valsartan in all DOH Hospitals and some Local Government Units (LGUs)
pharmacies.
Valsartan provides blood pressure (BP) reductions that lasts a full 24-hours, greater with increasing baseline systolic BP and
across diverse patient types and it is available at strengths of Valsartan 80mg and Valsartan 160mg film-coated tablets.
This anti-hypertensive drug is still under patent until 2014 and has offered 50-60% cheaper compared to the prevailing market
price.
Thirty (30) DOH Retained Hospitals and two (2) Provincial Health Offices (PHOs) participated in the first initial orders of
Valsartan 80mg and 160mg film-coated tablets.

Leading Causes of Mortality

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Leading Causes of Mortality

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Leading Causes of Mortality

MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

5-Year Average (2005-2009) & 2010

1. Diseases of the Heart 88,299 99.4 102,936 109.5

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 58,761 66.2 68,553 72.9

3. Malignant Neoplasms 44,627 50.3 49,820 53.0

4. Pneumonia 37,865 42.6 45,591 48.5

5. Accidents** 35,005 39.5 36,329 38.6

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,296 28.6 24,714 26.3

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 21,586 24.4 22,877 24.3

8. Diabetes Mellitus 20,964 23.6 21,512 22.9

9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 12,321 13.9 14,048 14.9

10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

5-Year Average (2004-2008) & 2009

1. Diseases of the Heart 82,290 94.5 100,908 109.4

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 55,999 64.3 65,489 71.0

3. Malignant Neoplasms 43,185 49.6 47,732 51.8

4. Pneumonia 35,756 41.1 42,642 46.2

5. Accidents** 34,704 39.9 35,990 39.0

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,376 29.2 25,470 27.6

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 20,830 24.0 22,755 24.7

8. Diabetes Mellitus 19,805 22.7 22,345 24.2

9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 11,612 13.4 13,799 15.0

10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

5-Year Average (2003-2007) & 2008

Number Rate Number Rate

1. Diseases of the Heart 77,402 90.8 92,133 101.9

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 54,207 63.7 60,831 67.2

3. Malignant Neoplasms 41,792 49.1 46,262 51.1

4. Pneumonia 34,226 40.2 39,707 43.9

5. Accidents** 34,393 40.5 35,522 39.3

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,817 30.4 24,569 27.2

7. Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) 18,089 21.2 22,778 25.2

8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 20,239 23.8 21,859 24.2

9.Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome

Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

Number Rate Number Rate

1. Diseases of the Heart 73,767 88.5 88,314 99.7

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 52,581 63.1 57,647 65.1

3. Malignant Neoplasms 40,677 48.8 44,399 50.1

4. Pneumonia 33,968 40.8 35,509 40.1

5. Accidents** 34,311 41.2 34,026 38.4

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 26,719 32.2 23,994 27.1

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 19,873 23.9 21,149 23.9

8. Diabetes Mellitus 16,670 19.9 21,015 23.7

9.Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome

Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

5-Year Average (2001-2005) & 2006

Number Rate Number Rate

1. Diseases of the Heart 69,741 85.5 83,081 95.5

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 52,106 64.0 55,466 63.8

3. Malignant Neoplasms 39,634 48.6 43,043 49.5