Problem 7.

1
A 50 kVA, 7.2 kV / 240 V, 7% distribution transformer is supplied by a distribution
network. The network line-to-ground voltage is 7.2 kV; its short circuit current is 3 kA
inductive.

Calculate the short circuit current if a fault occurs at the transformer secondary side.

Problem Error! No text of specified style in document..2

A single-phase transformer is rated at 7.5 MVA with a primary voltage of 110 kV and a
secondary voltage of 15 kV, and the transformer reactance is 15%.

(a) Determine the transformer reactance in ohms when it is placed at the high voltage
(primary) side, and when it is placed on the low voltage side. Draw the equivalent
circuit for each case.

(b) Find the load current and supply voltage at half load, if the impedance of the
transformer is on the low voltage side and the load voltage is 15 kV with a power factor
of unity.

Problem Error! No text of specified style in document..3

The parameters of a single-phase 135 kVA transformer with primary and secondary
voltage ratings of 2.6 kV and 230 V, respectively, are:

RP = 1.7 RS = 0.017 Rc = 4.8 k

XP = 1.95 XS = 0.028 Xm = 1 k
(a) Determine the voltage regulation of the transformer at a load of 75% of the
transformer rating, with a lagging power factor of 0.8, assuming a load voltage equal to
the secondary rating.

(b) Plot the efficiency versus load curve of the transformer for power factors of 0.8
(lagging) and 0.9 (leading) if the load varies between 0% to 120%.
Problem Error! No text of specified style in document..4
A three-phase 80 kVA transformer is rated to a primary voltage of 2.2 kV and a
secondary voltage of 220 V. The transformer parameters are determined by open and
short circuit tests. The results of the open and short circuit tests are:

Short-circuit test (low-voltage side short-circuited; data measured at high-voltage side):

Vsc = 48 V Isc = 32 A Psc = 800 W

Open-circuit test (high-voltage side open; data measured at low-voltage side)

Voc = 220 V Ioc = 5.7 A Poc = 220 W

(a) Determine the parameters of the equivalent circuit. Draw the equivalent circuit of the
transformer.

(b) Plot the voltage regulation and efficiency versus the load for both lagging and
leading power factors of 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9. Obtain the maximum efficiency values.
Assume the load voltage is equal to the rated secondary voltage of the transformer.

(c) Assuming the primary rated voltage is being supplied to the transformer, determine
the load voltage when the transformer carries half load and the power factor is 0.8 both
lagging and leading