ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN

MINISTRY OF RURAL REHABILITATION AND

DEVELOPEMTN (MRRD)
CITIZEN CHARTER Afghanistan Project (CCAP)

TECHNICALMANUAL
(Renewable Energy)
Version: 1st

Community-Led Approach

YEAR: August 2016

2016
Contents
INTRUDUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Sector Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Hydropower (HP) ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Photovoltaic (PV) ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Wind Energy ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Biomass .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Geothermal ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
What Are the Effects of Non-Renewable Resources on Living Organisms? .......................................................... 7
MRRD Standard output lists................................................................................................................................... 7
SECTION 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
SURVEY of Renewable Energy .................................................................................................................................... 7
Feasibility Study ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Site Screening and Feasibility..................................................................................................................................... 7
Social survey: ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Local Recourses and Economical Survey................................................................................................................ 8
Environmental survey: ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRP) mitigation measure ............................................................................................... 8
Memorandum of understanding (MoU) ................................................................................................................ 9
Technical Survey of HP Projects ............................................................................................................................. 9
SECTION 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
(HP ANALYSIS & DESIGN) ......................................................................................................................................... 14
(ESTIMATION, COST analysis AND (BoQs)................................................................................................................ 15
(SUBPROJECT PROCURMENT) .................................................................................................................................. 15
(SUBPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION) ........................................................................................................................... 16
(TECHNICAL MONITORING & EVALUATION) ............................................................................................................ 17
(PROJECT COMPLETION & HANDOVER)................................................................................................................... 17
(OPERATION & MAINTENANCE)............................................................................................................................... 17
Project defect liability checklist (see Annex 18 : ) ............................................................................................... 17
(POST Monitoring) ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Technical visit of completed projects .................................................................................................................. 17
INTRUDUCTION
Brief Citizens Charter Afghanistan Project:

The citizens charter is a foundation stone for realizing the governments development
vision. It is a whole-of-government effort to build state legitimacy, overcome fragmentation,
and build the partnership between state and community. The charter is a commitment to
ensure that a set of basic development services will be provided to every community in
Afghanistan based on a development plan prepared by the communities themselves. A
key aspect of the Charter is the use of unified village- level budgeting and financial
reporting so that villagers can oversee the quality of service delivery and report any
grievances to governors and to civil society groups. The charter will promote inclusive
development and accountability at all levels, ensuring the voice and representation for
vulnerable groups such as women, returnees and the poor.

Sector Introduction:
The Power sector includes two main disciplines of power (renewable energy and non-
renewable energy).

Figure 1
Hydropower (HP)
Hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from moving water.
Historically people used the power of rivers for agriculture and flour mills. Today, rivers and streams are
re-directed through hydro generators to produce energy.
 HP:

Potential Energy
for HP is
calculated as
below:

P=QxHxgxe

Power =Water quantity X

Gross Head X gravity X
overall efficiency

Figure 2
Photovoltaic (PV) PV:

Photovoltaic systems"
refers to a wide
variety of solar
electricity systems.
Solar photovoltaic
systems use solar
panels made of silicon
to convert sunlight
(Photons) into
electricity (Electrons).

See Figure 3

Figure 3
Wind Energy
A wind energy system transforms the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy.
Mechanical energy is most commonly used for pumping water in rural or remote locations- the "farm
windmill" still seen in many rural areas of the world is a mechanical wind pumper - but it can also be
used for many other purposes (grinding grain, sawing, pushing a sailboat, etc.). Generally wind electric
turbines generate electricity for homes lighting.
 Wind Energy:

Kinetic Energy = 0.5 x Mass x

Velocity2

Mass/sec (kg/s) = Velocity

(m/s) x Area (m2) x Density
(kg/m3)

Power = 0.5 x Swept Area x

Air Density x Velocity3

Figure 4
Where Power is given in
Watts (i.e. joules/ second),
the Swept area in square
meters, the Air density in
kilograms per cubic meter,
and the Velocity in meters per
second

Biogas:

Refers to a gas made from

anaerobic digestion of
agricultural and animal
waste. The gas, a mixture
of methane and CO2, is
used
Figure 5
1. for direct combustion
in cooking or lighting
applications;
2. to power combustion

Biomass Methane (CH4) gas is about

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently 24 times dangerous than the
living organisms. In the context of biomass for energy this is Carbon monoxide (CO)
often used to mean plant based material, but biomass can
equally apply to both animal and vegetable derived material. Engines for motive power
or electricity generation.
 Chemical composition
Biomass is carbon based and is
composed of a mixture of
organic molecules containing
hydrogen, usually including
atoms of oxygen, often nitrogen
and also small quantities of
other atoms, including alkali,
alkaline earth and heavy
metals. These metals are often
found in functional molecules
such as the porphyries which
include chlorophyll which
contains magnesium. Engines
for motive power or electricity
generation.

Figure 6

Geothermal
How an Enhanced Geothermal System Works?

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), also sometimes called engineered geothermal systems, offer
great potential for dramatically expanding the use of geothermal energy. Present geothermal power
generation comes from hydrothermal reservoirs, and is somewhat limited in geographic application to
specific ideal places in the western U.S. This represents the 'low-hanging fruit' of geothermal energy
potential.

Those white
plumes you see
at geothermal
power plants are
steam (water
vapor).
Geothermal
plants do not
burn fuel or
produce smoke.

Figure 7
What Are the Effects of Non-Renewable Resources on Living Organisms?
Non-renewable energies are those that do not self-sustain naturally. Examples of non-renewable
energies are coal, oil and natural gas. Unlike renewable energy sources like wind, water and sun--most of
which are converted to power cleanly--the conversion of fossil fuels to usable energy can result in harmful
emissions and its collection can disrupt local wildlife.

Atmospheric Effects
The processing of fossil fuels emits harmful greenhouse gases into the air. These gases, primarily carbon
dioxide, damage the ozone layer which protects us from the sun's radiation. The air pollution also
negatively affects our respiratory health. A 2004 study concluded that pollution from coal-powered plants
shortened nearly 24,000 lives a year in the U.S.

Acid Rain
Acid rain is created by the emission of sulfur and other chemicals into the atmosphere, often from the
conversion of fossil fuels into electricity. It is corrosive to machinery and can disrupt local ecosystems. In
1991 the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) found that five percent of the lakes in
New England were acidic and two percent could no longer support trout.

Minimum standard services:

Basic electricity (Min 100Watts power supply through Renewable energy per family)

According to the years of NSP renewable energy experience, it is recommended that no

individual solar household system should implement trough CC program.

Thus, if we want to go ahead with solar power projects we should consider the followings:

Selection of solar power parks or mini grade system.

Prequalification of solar PV provider companies.
Establishing of a solar PV, AV tracer lab in MRRD.

MRRD Standard output lists

Please refer to the annex # 1

SECTION 1
SURVEY of Renewable Energy
See the survey checklist of HP in Annex 2:
See the survey checklist of Solar PV in Annex 2:
See the survey checklist of Biogas in Annex 2:
See the Socio-Economic Survey Sheet August 2016 A

Feasibility Study
Site Screening and Feasibility
The first step in developing a renewable energy project is to find a suitable site and assess its feasibility
for development. Where should you look? Is the site youve found the best one available? Are there any
obstacles or challenges that might affect its development? When you have answered these and other
questions, so you can objectively assess your options and manage your development risks.
For initial site prospecting we use proprietary resource maps and databases in a GIS-based approach
to find the right sites. We in preliminary analysis of the resource, distance to transmission, desired set-
backs, known environmental limitations, and other important factors and provide us with rank-ordered
opportunities for next decision.
Social survey:
At some extend social survey is similar for all engineering projects, but there are some special
questioner to be filled for renewable energy sector, for more clarification please refer to Annex
2:

Local Recourses and Economical Survey

Surveyor will investigate of the availability of the materials, skilled labor and unskilled labors at
or near to the project site; this method will help the designer of the project to do an economical
analysis. See the survey format in Annex 2:

Environmental survey:
The ESMF framework approach provides for early identification of potential adverse impacts and also
provides broad guidance for their effective mitigation.

The objective of the Framework is to help ensure that activities under the project will:

Protect human health and safety;

Prevent or compensate any loss of livelihood;
Prevent environmental degradation as a result of either individual sub-projects or their
cumulative effects;
Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes; and,
Ensure compliance with World Bank safeguard policies and Afghanistan Environmental
Law and Regulations.
See the Annex 4:

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRP) mitigation measure

Potential Environmental& Social Impacts

Sub-project activities envisaged under CCAP for rural and urban Afghanistan are expected to
have no significant and negative environmental and social impacts. The CCAP sub-projects
are placed in category B and relevant World Bank Policies, National Environmental Law and
regulations are triggered for Safeguards.

The project is not expected to involve relocation and resettlement, since the Project intends to
fund only small-scale rural and urban infrastructure No activities will be supported that require
involuntary land acquisition or the acquisition of land requiring the resettlement or
compensation of more than 200 people.
The design for the proposed project defines a strategy, which will ensure that all social groups
are included as beneficiaries directly and indirectly, and that their concerns are addressed in
compliance with the requirements of World Bank relevant Safeguards Policies.

Memorandum of understanding (MoU)

There well develop and sign a generalized MoU between MRRD and MEW and as well the
DABS.
For the particular projects if requires project base MoU it should take place prior to start
implementation.

Technical Survey of HP Projects

HP potential is composed of the following:

Discharge (M3/Sec)
Head (m)

Head Measuring

There are different methods of measuring the Head, some common of them are as the following:

Builders level
Water filled tube (with rod and persons)
Spirit level and Plank or String
Altimeter
Topographic Map

Builders Level

The level is an optical instrument that measures the height difference between two points.

Leveling

1. A bench mark should be fixed in a location which is prone to change in the site.
2. Set up the instrument approximately 50m to 100m away from the BM (point 1) and a staff
3. Move the staff to the FS position (point B) and take the readings.
4. Move the level to point 2 approximately 50m to 100m from staff, as shown in the diagram
5. Take a BS reading. This helps to crosscheck the reading and minimize the error.
6. Move the staff to the next change point and repeat the process

Figure 8
 Basic Calculation

Horizontal distance = 100*S*Cos

Horizontal distance=100*S

Vertical distance=50*S*Sin2

Vertical distance=0

Where,

S = UCB- LCB

UCB= Upper Cross Bar

MCB= Middle Cross Bar

LCB= Lower Cross Bar

Figure 9

Leveling Sheet

Table 1
Back Inter. Fore Height Reduce Distance Remarks
Sight Sight Sight instrument Level

1.201 101.201 100 BM

0.85 100.351

1.23 99.971

0.64 100.561

2.36 98.841

2.2 99.001

1.024 1.225 101

1.26 99.74
 0.92 100.08

0.34 100.66

0.642 1.123 100.519

1.16 99.359

1.42 99.099

1.001 99.518

BS-FS = LP-FP

2.867 3.349 = 99.518 100

-0.482 = -0.482

Other Data:

A part from the above mentioned data the following data should also be acquired from the site:

In HP projects, a topographic survey or a sketch from the site should also be acquired.
Photo's from the site.
The important points in the site should be marked using a GPS.
To protect against damage from flood, the HFL of the river should be known.
It should be clarified that during a flood situation the water does not enter the Power house
through the tailrace canal
Stability of the HP site
Hydrological Survey

There are different methods of measuring the quantity of water available, some common of them are as
the following:

Flow meter or current meter method

Float method
Bucket Method

Current Meter Method

The following procedure may be adopted for the Digital Counter with Preset Rev/Time:

1. Take out current meter from the box.

2. Fix the suspension rod with the help of hanger screw.
3. Connect one wire of the electric cable to the binding post type terminal situated on the housing
and the other wire to the earth point terminal situated on the main frame.
4. Afterwards connecting the other end of the electric cable wire (male socket) with the female
socket (2) of the counter.
The following procedure is adopted for taking observation of velocity:

5. If you measure the revolution for the required time then, on the digital counter by push button (4)
 6. The desired time (999) secis fixed in the thumb wheel selector (3).
7. Make zero/start with the help of push button (5) on the counter.
8. After completing the time, numbering become constant in the LCD display (1) and the same
reading be noted

Figure 10

Table 2
Flow Measuring Procedure through Flow
Meter(Current-meter)

Province: Date: N=

District: Surveyor: E=

Village: River /Stream Name: Elevation=

1 Length (M) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Depth, d1,
2 d2,d3,d4,(M) 0 0.42 0.47 0.48 0.41 0.4 0.345 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.29

Depth at 40% (M) d1,

3 d2, d3, d4 0 0.168 0.188 0.192 0.164 0.16 0.138 0.132 0.132 0.132 0.128 0.116

Flow Meter's Revolution

4 for 50 sec 0 73 99 87 104 77 117 105 121 106 90 40
5 Revolution/Second 0 1.46 1.98 1.74 2.08 1.54 2.34 2.1 2.42 2.12 1.8 0.8

Velocity,
v1,v2,v3,v4(M/sec)
6 V=0.2614*RPS+0.0852 0 0.467 0.603 0.540 0.629 0.488 0.697 0.634 0.718 0.639 0.556 0.294

7 Area, 1,2,3,4(M2) 0 0.21 0.235 0.24 0.205 0.2 0.1725 0.165 0.165 0.165 0.16 0.145

Discharge,
8 1,2,3,4(M3/sec) 0.098 0.142 0.130 0.129 0.098 0.120 0.105 0.118 0.105 0.089 0.043

Total Discharge
9 (M3/sec) 1.176

Flut Mthode

Select a well discipline site of at least 15 to 30m along the length of the canal/stream.

Insert a body in the water of which 2/3rd part is submerged in the water and 1/3rd un-submerged e.g.
tomato, apple...etc.

A person stationed at the end of the path (15 to 30m from the start) has a stop watch, which is used to
calculate the time taken by the body to reach the end of the path.

This procedure is repeated several times to get an accurate reading.

Exemple:

Distance of canal=30m

T1=47 sec

T2=50 sec

T3=48 sec

T4=50 sec

Tavg=47+50+48+50/4 = 48.75 sec

V= D/Tavg, = 30/48.75 = 0.61 m/sec

Correction factor = (0.7-0.8)

V= 0.61*0.7 = 0.43

Width of canal= 1.5m

Depth of canal:

d1=30cm

d2=32cm

d3=25cm
d4=30cm

Davg=30+32+25+30/4 = 29.25cm = 0.293m

A=Davg*W = 0.293*1.5 = 0.44 m2

Q=A*V = 0.44*0.43 = 0.19 m3/sec

Figure 11

Land Acquisition documents

Agreements with relevant ministries
Subproject safeguards

SECTION 2
(HP ANALYSIS & DESIGN)
Analysis & design theory
Design example and Design Procedure of the Civil Components (See Annex 7):
Weir
Intake
Canal
Spillway
Gravel Trip
Stalling Basin
Forebay
Anchor Blocks
Supporter Piers
Slice Gate

Design example of the different turbine types (See the Annexes):

Cross-flow turbine
 Frances Turbine
Peloton Turbine
Design example of Solar Central or Park system (See the Annexe 4:)

Types of Solar PV Cells

Design procedure of

Typical design drawings and tables

See the annex 10 typical

Technical standards for HP and PV panels

Technical specification of materials
Designed / Standard drawings
SECTION 3

(ESTIMATION, COST analysis AND (BoQs)

Estimation/Volume sheet
Technical and construction norms
Bill of Quantities (BoQs)
List of construction materials and labors days creation
Implementation time table / Work Plan by CDC or Contractor
Completion of technical proposal and CDCs approval
Materials Unit Cost Database (MUCD)
See the Annex 8:

SECTION 4

(SUBPROJECT PROCURMENT)
Subproject bidding procedure by contractor
Procurements of subproject materials and equipments by CDC
Subproject Mobilization and demobilization and way to include in BoQ

SECTION 5
(SUBPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION)
Providing of construction tools, materials and labors
Lay outing of project
Quality Control / Quality Assurance
Project Implementation guidelines for CDCs/Community
Technical Implementation Supervision Check List (TISC)
Technical supervision by field engineers and CDC / Community

Journal Book
Improving project performance has always been emphasized in construction projects. When project
objectives contradict, the project manager must apply mitigating or conflict resolution strategies to
remove or minimize the level of contradiction in order to enhance project performance. A typical
example is conflict between cost and schedule, where cost tends to increase when the schedule is
crashed (sped up). Although some of the current project control systems attempt to diagnose the root
cause of performance deviations and suggest corrective action, none is designed to resolve conflicts in
a systematic and innovative manner to improve the project performance. The purpose of this paper is to
present a systematic and structured approach to guide project managers to propose corrective action
plans that lead to minimal conflict and ultimately to better project performance. Resolving contradictions
can generate effective corrective action plans that would enhance project performance. Conflicts
among competing project performance indices such as cost, schedule, safety, and quality are obvious
in any project. This innovative approach uses the theory of inventive problem solving to develop a
framework for a conflict resolution strategy called techniques for resolving project performance
contradictions (TRAC), or the techniques for resolving performance contradictions. TRAC provides an
algorithmic approach for solving performance contradictions in order to optimize the overall project
performance. TRAC is a user-oriented methodology and presents a new model for performance
problem solving to assist project managers in their corrective action exercise. TRAC methodology is
demonstrated in two case studies that indicate the workability of this model and its usefulness in
resolving performance contradictions in any construction project.

Please see the Journal format as (ANNEX 18)

Budget control during Implementation

Necessary changes during Implementation and its rule and regulation
Project status technical report (Physically Cum Financially)

SECTION 6
(TECHNICAL MONITORING & EVALUATION)
Technical Implementation Monitoring Check List (TIMC)
Technical monitoring by HQ/Engineering department and other stakeholders
Providing of technical monitoring report
Third Party Technical Monitoring (TPM)
Technical coordination during implementation
Technical meetings among HQ Eng.Dep, provincial and district engineers and
CDCs/CCDCs members
Analysis and evaluation of technical monitoring reports
Subprojects OM effectiveness impact evaluation checklist
Subproject construction safety
Environmental protection during implementation

SECTION 7

(PROJECT COMPLETION & HANDOVER)

Technical checklist of completed Projects
Providing actual constructed works volumes

SECTION 8

(OPERATION & MAINTENANCE)

Project operation and maintenance plan
Operation and maintenance guideline
CDC Training
Project defect liability checklist (see Annex 18 : )

SECTION 9

(POST Monitoring)
Technical visit of completed projects
Related Annexes
Annex 1: MRRD Standard Outputs Lists.
Annex 2: Surveys (technical ,social , , economic, recourses, material cost, etc) Checklists
Annex 3: Social environment Protection (Social, N. Disaster R.M, Flood control, etc) Checklists
Annex4: Theory and design
Annex 5: Quick design Excel Spreadsheet
Annex 6: Technical specification of materials
Annex 7: Designed / Standard drawings
Annex 8: Estimation, cost analysis and BoQs
Annex 9: Complete sample of projects typical proposals
Annex 10: Project implementation guidelines for CDCs and field engineers
Annex 11: Technical Implementation Supervision checklist (TISC)
Annex 12: Journal Book
Annex 13: Project status technical report (Physically Cum Financially)
Annex 14: Technical Implementation Monitoring Check List (TIMC)
Annex 15: Project final status report
Annex 16: Projects operation & maintenance books
Annex 17: Post monitoring checklist
Annex 18: Project operation and maintenance plan
Annex 19: Project defect liability period
Annex 20: Other Required Technical Forms
 Title: Engineering Manual for CITIZEN CHARTER NATIONAL PERIORITY PROGRAM (CCNPP)

Sector: Renewable Energy

Compiled by: Renewable energy Unit
Submitted by: Head of Department
Review by; CCNPP Technical team
Contact: Engineering Department
tsd@nspafghanistan.org

Contact persons:

1- M.Najib Amiri (Advisor to the Deputy Minister for Programs)

Email: najib.amiri@mrrd.gov.af

Mobile No: + 93 (0) 744 643 610

2- M.Sharif Alizai (MRRD/CARD-F Programme Manager & Programmers Management

Advisor)

Email: sharif.alizai@mrrd.gov.af

Mobile No: +93(0) 797 97 75 73

3- Eng. Sayed Ali Pakzad (Technical advisor of MRRD)

Email: eng.pakzad@mrrd.gov.af

Mobile No: +93(0) 799301020

4- Sayed Karim Wardak {A. Unit Head of Structure Unit (Road & Bridge + Building)]

Email: a.saboor@nspafghanistan.org

Mobile No: +93(0) 729122333