Professional Documents
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ITSF 2007
Jean-Loup Ferrant
November 2007, London
2 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Network synchronisation history (2)
-SDH
-With SDH, 2 Mbit/s signals transported via VC12 were not anymore suitable for
network synchronisation due to the phase transients of VC12 pointer
justification.
-STM-N was chosen and specified to transport network synchronisation.
-G.803 defines the hierarchical architecture of synchronisation network with
clocks are defined in G.811, G.812 and G.813.
-The respect of these recommendations avoids desynchronisation and allows the
control of jitter and wander , prevents pointer justification and consequent
wander on PDH tributaries
SDH networks have proven over last the 10 years their ability to provide
excellent synchronisation network
3 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
SDH networks
Synchronisation Synchronisation
Layer 1 - Physical
STM-n
STM-n
STM-n STM-n
4 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
SDH could corrupt the old 2 Mbit/s synchronization network
Central Clock
Desynchronised
Pointer jusification
events clock
phase
Mapper / 3700 ns for VC12
Demapper
VC-4, VC-3, VC12
2/34/140 Mbit/s Mapper /
STM-N Demapper
SDH - STM-N 2/34/140 Mbit/s
35 pointers
1 missing pointer
5 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
2 Mbit/s interfaces
Traffic interface
It is specified to limit the wander at the input of PSTN switches below 18s
This interface is available on a 2 Mbit/s extracted from an SDH VC12
Synchronization interface
It has much better performance, this is the only interface specified in
synchronization networks
This interface is available at the output of SDH SECs
2 Mbit/s interfaces
100
MTIE (s)
10
traffic
synchronization
1
0,1
0,01 1 100 10000
6 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
SDH Network Synchronisation
Synchronisation reference chain
This reference chain has been specified in order to maintain jitter and wander within
acceptable limits, as specified in G.825
Synchronisation direction
PRC SEC SEC SEC SSU SEC SEC SSU SEC SEC SSU SEC SEC
1 2 m1 1 1 m2 2 1 mn n 1 m n+1
- maximum number of SEC's between 2 SSUs: m1, m2, ... mn+1 < 20
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Hierarchical Master-slave solutions
SSU SSU
SSU
8 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Distributed architecture
PRC
: SEC
RX
SSU RX SSU S SU RX
RX SSU SSU
RX
RX SSU
9 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Hybrid solutions
Each of the 2 architectures, centralised and distributed has its own drawbacks,
and most operators are optimising their synchronization network with a mix of
both architectures.
PRC
1,2,3: Priorities
: SEC
RX 2 1 1
SSU SSU SSU RX
2 3
2 1
SSU 3 SSU
RX
SSU
10 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
SEC (SDH Equipment Clock) and SSU
Using the T1-T4 link allows to synchronize the SEC from the SSU without any risk of
timing loop
SEC SSU
T4 ~
T1
T2
T3 T0
11 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
SSM and synchronisation protection
SSM purpose
y Provide timing traceability
y Indicate the Quality Level of the source of synchronization
SSM definition
y A 4 bit code located in S1 byte of STM-N frame
SSM application
y Generates a DNU code to prevent timing loop
In linear chains and rings and combination of them
In meshed networks with some restrictions
y Provide desynchronisation detection
Restriction
SSM algorithm has been standardized only at the SEC level
It has not yet been defined at the SSU level , for general application
12 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Generalisation of SSM
G.811 G.811
1 G.811
2 1
0 SEC 2 DNU
G.811 G.811 1 SEC
1 SEC2 G.811
0 SEC 2 DNU 0
DNU DNU
2 1 G.811
G.811 G.811
SEC 2
0 G.811 SEC DNU 2
DNU SEC 1G.811
2 G.811 1
DNU 2
SEC SEC 1
1
13 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Synchronisation of the E1 layer in SDH : retiming
Solutions
Provide a 2 Mhz/2 Mbit rom an SSU if possible
Implement a retiming function with the 2 Mbit/s desynchroniser
GSM, and later UMTS, generated new requirements for the synchronisation
network.
Rather than Jitter and wander, the frequency accuracy on the air interface is
the key requirement for synchronisation networks
Access
NTR Network Time Reference has been defined to transport timing through
DSL systems, ADSL and SHDSL
15 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Optical networks
Synchronisation Synchronisation
Layer 1 - Physical
STM-n
STM-n
STM-n STM-n
FE/FX
Layer 1 Physical SDH
WDM
WDM
16 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Synchronisation choices for OTN
OTN is plesiochronous
ITU has stated that there is no need for OTN to carry synchronisation, since
there is already one network layer that does it, SDH.
y OTN is transparent to CBR client timing, jitter and wander are specified in G.8251
y Each OTN NE has its own free-running clock within 20 ppm
y OTN is a plesiochronous network
y G.709 specifies justification scheme to adapt client and G.709 frame rate
y All client signal can be within 20 ppm, even with multiplex function
When OTN does not transport SDH client, it couldnot transport timing, but this
might change using new synchronisation methods transported on packet
networks
y Care should be taken that some mappings might not be transparent to timing
transported over Ethernet.
17 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Mobile Backhauling: Typical TDM Architecture
G.823 PRC
interface Synchronisatio
50ppb n
interface Synchronou
Synchronou
ss
network
network
BTS/ BSC/
MSC
nodeB RNC
TDM TDM
18 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Mobile requirements
100
10
microseconds
traffic
synchro
50ppb
1
0,1
0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
seconds
19 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Synchronization in access networks: NTR Network Timing Reference
NTR is a method that transmits an 8kHz timing marker through the ADSL system
has been defined by ITU for DSL products.
It can be implemented on ADSL and SHDSL systems
As an example, the attached figure show the quality of a clock recovered from
a SHDSL system synchronized from a GPS.
20 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Packet networks
Main issue: PDV might corrupt timing transport :
Layer 1 - Physical
FE/FX
STM-n
STM-n
STM-n STM-n
FE/FX
Layer 1 Physical SDH FE/FX
WDM
WDM
21 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Mobile Backhauling, example with CES
22 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Packet networks and synchronisation
23 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Multi-service provisioning platform (MSPP)
An hybrid SDH-Synchronous Ethernet equipment
SEC
STM-N STM-N
TDM
TDM
VC VC
TDM
TDM STM-N
VC PDH
VC
VC VC PDH Eth
STM-64
matrix CES CES
VC
GFP VC
Eth
CES
CES
STM-N
OTN
CES VC
Eth
Eth Packet
Packet
GFP
Packet
Packet network
network
10GBE-WAN
network
network Ethernet Eth
Eth SWITCH
Eth Eth
CES CES
Pro Con
CES Pseudowire Differential -No specific requirement on - Need network ref clock at both end
intermediate equipments points
-Good performance
Synchronous -Excellent quality, similar to SDH - all switches of the link need to
-No influence of payload process the sync Eth feature
Ethernet
25 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Conclusion
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www.alcatel-lucent.com
27 |Synchronization in telecom networks- ITSF, Nov 2007 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####