QC Interview Questions

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/qc/qc_interview_questions.htm
Copyright tutorialspoint.com

Dear readers, these QC Interview Questions have been designed specially to get you
acquainted with the nature of questions you may encounter during your interview for
the subject of QC. As per my experience good interviewers hardly plan to ask any
particular question during your interview, normally questions start with some basic
concept of the subject and later they continue based on further discussion and what
you answer

What is ALM / Quality Center and why it is used?

ALM was formerly known as Quality center, a popular test management tool which is
developed using J2EE with backend as MSSQL or ORACLE. It is a web-based tool
and supports communication and association among various stakeholders. It also
integrates with QTP , WinRunner & LoadRunner. We can also create reports and
graphs for Analysis and Tracking for Test processes.

What are the modules of ALM?

The Quality Center modules are Management Module, Requirement Module, Test
Plan, Test Resources, Test lab, Defect Module, Dashboard

What are the benefits of Requirement Traceability?

The benefits of Requirement traceability track from links indicates requirements that
affect a selected requirement. Trace to links indicates requirements that are affected
by a selected requirement.

Can We Convert or Generate Test from the requirements?

Yes there are two ways to generate test from requirements. Convert Requirement to
test and Generate a test from requirements.

What is version control and what are its advantages?

Version control is change management tool which helps us to keep track of changes
made to entities in our project including requirements.

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Can we create a Utest from ALM?

Yes we can create UFT test from ALM but we must first make sure UFT has the
ability to execute tests from ALM.

What is the difference between test management tool and defect management tool?

Test management tool enables testers to create, execute and log defects while defect
management tool helps us to create and track defects only.

What is the Purpose of Creating Child Requirement in ALM?

If a requirement depend on other requirement then treating Child requirements to the

main requirement you can evaluate the sub requirements related to the main
requirements.

What is Test Lab?

Test Lab is the module where we execute the Test Cases that we developed using the
test plan Module. Both Manual and Automation executions happens in the Test Lab.

What do meant by test Instance?

A Test Case is imported from Test Plan module to Test Lab module for execution
under a test set known as test instance. Sometime it is okay to have multiple instances
of the same Test Case in the Test Lab Module.

Is it possible to maintain test data in ALM?

Test data can be stored in a seperate filesayexcelsheetssayexcelsheets and uploaded

along with the test cases or it can be maintained under parameters tab of a test case.

How to avoid logging duplicate defects in Quality Center?

In the defect tracking window of ALM, there is a find similar defect icon. When
this button is clicked after writing the defect, if anybody else has logged a similar
defect then the system points it out.

How to generate defect ID in ALM?

The Defect ID is automatically generated after clicking Submit button.

What are the status of a Test Case?

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The Execution status of a test case can be Pass, Fail, Blocked, No Run.

Is it possible to import test cases from Excel / Word to ALM?

Yes. Using the MS Excel/Word Plugin.

Is it possible to export ALM test cases to Excel?

Yes. Select the tests that needs to be exported and perform Right Click and select
"Save selected" or "Save All" and enter the file name to be exported to excel.

What is Business Component?

Yes. ALM supports Business Process Testing BPTBPT in which Subject Matter
Experts can create tests in a without involving in the Nitty-gritty of test case/script
designing.

How can we save the tests Executed in test lab?

Once a test is executed the status of the tests are automatically saved when the user
clicks on "END RUN" button in the Test Lab

What are the supported databases of HP ALM?

HP ALM supports MS SQL and ORACLE

How to use UFT as an automation tool in ALM?

HP UFT can be used in conjuction with HP ALM using the add-in HP ALM UFT
addin

Can you switch between two projects in ALM?

Testers can switch between ALM projects by navigating to Tools >> Change Projects
>> Select Project.

What is the purpose of storing requirement in ALM?

You can store requirements in ALM to ensure 100% coverage, for change
management and also for tracking purposes.

What is Coverage status, what does it do?

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Coverage status is percentage of testing covered at a given time and also to keep track
of project deadline.

What are the main components of HP ALM?

It consists of HP ALM ClientIEBrowserIEBrowser, ALM Server, Database server.

Mention what are the different edition for HP ALM?

ALM Editions are HP ALM essentials, HP QC enterprise edition, HP ALM

performance center edition.

Explain the Workflow in HP ALM.

HP ALM Workflow includes Release Specification >> Requirement Specification >>

Test Planning >> Test Execution >> Defect Tracking.

Explain the use of releases and cycles in ALM?

Each product is deployed as many releases and a lot of cycles are associated with each
release. Each release has a pre-defined scope and milestone associated with it.

Explain how you can customize the defect management cycle in ALM?

Defect Management Cycle can be customized using Project customization menu

under Tools menu. Only Project Admins can customize and also we can make use of
Script editor for the same.

What are the modules in HP ALM?

HP ALM modules are Requirement, Test Plan, Test Lab, Defect.

What is the use of Dashboard?

Dashboard consists of Analysis View, Dashboard View using which graphs are
generated and analysed.

What is the use of HP Sprinter?

Sprinter is manual testing utility that is integrated with HP ALM more effectively. It
helps us to record and fast farward manual testing. It also allows testers to log defects
from Sprinter UI.

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What is sprinter-data injection?

It is a feature in HP Sprinter using which we can enter data into the application. We
can insert multi-set of data directly into the application with respective matching
fields all at once.

Explain how you can add requirements to test cases in ALM.

We can add either a parent requirement or a child requirement against a test case in
ALM

What are the default groups and permissions in HP ALM?

The predefined groups are Developer, Project Manager, QA Tester, TD Admin,

Viewer.

What Types of Graphs available in HP ALM?

The Graphs, Reports, Live Analysis Graphs are available in HP ALM.

On Which entities, Follow Up Alert can be created on?

Follow up entities can be created on Test Plan, Test Execution Grid, Defects grid.

Defects can be linked to what types of ALM Entities?

Defects can be linked to Tests, Test Steps, Run and Run Steps, Requirements.

What type of Tests can be scheduled to be run at a specific Date and Time?

Manual or Automated Tests can be executed at a specified date and time.

In which module, the Results of an AUTOMATED test case are stored?

The results are always stored in Test Runs Tab of Test Lab Module.

A Test Instance is

a copy of test case that contains various test steps.

What is Purge Run?

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Purge Run is a process used to delete old test run result in project. We can delete the
test runs that are old or even a particular test step.

How many types of report are there in ALM?

Requirement Module Reports, Test Plan Module Reports, Test Lab Module Reports,
Defects Module Reports.

What is Unattached Folder in Test Plan?

When we delete a folder, we can choose to delete the folder only, or the folder, its
subfolders, and test. If we choose to delete the folder only, all the tests are moved to
unattached folder in the test plan tree..

Is 'Not covered' and 'Not run' status are same ?

No, Not Covered status meant for requirements for those tests are neither created nor
mapped while Not Run status means for requirements that are yet to be executed

What is the advantage of libraries in ALM?

A library represents a collection of entities in a ALM including their relationship to

each other A library also allows one to collect the same entities as in versioning.

What are the types of tests that you can execute using HP ALM?

HP UFT/QTP Tests, Manual Tests, HP Load Runner/Win Runner Scripts.

What are the main features of HP Site Admin?

Creating Projects, Domains, Creating and managing Users, Track user limits etc.

What are the currently supported user defined field types?

Number, Date, String, List, User List, Look up list.

Why is the use of a filter?

Filter is used to view the data based on user criteria and Filters are available for
Graphs, Reports and Grids.

Can you schedule a test in HP ALM?

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Yes. We can schedule test by navigating to Goto >> Execution flow tab and selecting
'Test Run Schedule'.

OBIEE Interview Questions

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/obiee/obiee_interview_questions.htm
Copyright tutorialspoint.com

Dear readers, these OBIEE Interview Questions have been designed specially to get
you acquainted with the nature of questions you may encounter during your interview
for the subject of OBIEE. As per my experience good interviewers hardly plan to ask
any particular question during your interview, normally questions start with some
basic concept of the subject and later they continue based on further discussion and
what you answer

Why do we need a Data warehouse?

It is used for Reporting and Data Analysis.

It provides a Central Repository with data integrated from one or more sources.
It stores current and historical data.

Why a Data Warehouse is Separate from Operational

Databases TransactionSystemsTransactionSystems?

A Transactional system is designed for known workloads and transactions like

updating a user record, searching a record, etc. however a Data Warehouse
transactions are more complex and present a general form of data.

A Transactional system contains the current data of an organization and Data

warehouse normally contains the historical data.

Transactional system supports parallel processing of multiple transactions.

Concurrency control and recovery mechanisms are required to maintain consistency
of the database.

An Operational database query allows to read and modify

operations deleteandUpdatedeleteandUpdate, while an OLAP query needs only
read only access of stored data SelectstatementSelectstatement.

Data Warehousing involves data cleaning, data integration, and data consolidations.

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What are the different types of Data Warehouse system?

Data Mart
Online Analytical Processing OLAPOLAP
Online Transaction Processing OLTPOLTP
Predictive Analysis

What is data mart?

Data Mart is simplest form of Data Warehouse and it normally focus on a single
functional area, such as sales, finance or marketing. As Data Mart usually focus on
single system so they get data only from few data sources.

What is difference between OLAP and OLTP?

Indexes OLTP system has only few indexes while in an OLAP system there are
many indexes for performance optimization.

Joins In an OLTP system, large number of joins and data is normalized however in
an OLAP system there are less joins and de-normalized.

Aggregation In an OLTP system data is not aggregated while in an OLAP database

more aggregations are used.

What do you understand by Additive, semi additive and non-additive measures?

Additive Measures that can be added across any dimension.

Non Additive Measures that cannot be added across any dimension.

Semi Additive Measures that can be added across some dimensions.

What are common aggregate functions? Why do we use aggregate tables in DW?

Common aggregate functions include

Average
Count
Maximum
Median
Minimum
Mode

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 Sum

These aggregate tables are used for performance optimization to run complex queries
in a Data Warehouse.

What is difference between star and Snow flakes schema?

In a Star Schema, there are multiple dimension tables in de-normalized form that are
joined to only one fact table. These tables are joined in a logical manner to meet some
business requirement for analysis purpose. These Schemas are multidimensional
structures which are used further to create reports using BI reporting tools.

In a Snowflakes Schema, there are multiple dimension tables in normalized form that
are joined to only one fact table. These tables are joined in a logical manner to meet
some business requirement for analysis purpose.

What do you understand by Granularity in a table?

Granularity in a table represents the level of information stored in the table. High
granularity of data means that data is at or near the transaction level, which has more
detail. Low granularity means that data has low level of information.

A fact table is usually designed at a low level of Granularity. This means that we need
to find the lowest level of information that can store in a fact table.

In date dimension the Granularity level could be year, month, quarter, period, week,
and day.

What is Slowly Changing Dimension SCD? Can you give one example?

Slowly Changing Dimensions refer to changing value of an attribute over the time. It
is one of common concept in a Data Warehouse.

Example

Andy is an employee of XYZ Inc. He was first located in New York City in July
2015. Original entry in the Employee lookup table has the following record

Employee_IdNameLocation

10001LocationAndyLocationNew York

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At a later date, he has been relocated to LA, California. How should XYZ Inc. now
modify its employee table to reflect this change?

This is known as "Slowly Changing Dimension" concept.

What is Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition OBIEEOBIEE?

OBIEE stands for Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition is set of Business
Intelligence tools and is provided by Oracle Corporation. It enables user to delivers
the robust set of reporting, ad-hoc query and analysis, OLAP, dashboard, and
scorecard functionality with a rich end-user experience that includes visualization,
collaboration, alerts and many more options.

What are the different OBIEE Server components?

Oracle BI OBIEEOBIEE Server

Oracle Presentation Server
Application Server
Scheduler
Cluster Controller

What is the use of OBIEE Scheduler?

It is responsible to schedule jobs in OBIEE repository. When you create repository,

OBIEE also create a table inside repository which saves all schedule related
information. Also to run agents in 11g, this component is mandatory.

All jobs which are scheduled by Scheduler can be monitored by job manager.

What is the difference between ODBC and OCI?

ODBC stands for Open Database Connectivity and is a Universal data Connector.

OCI stands for Oracle Call Interface and is used to connect Oracle data source.

What is the use of Oracle BI Repository?

OBIEE repository contains all metadata of the BI Server and is managed through the
administration tool. It is used to store information about the application environment
like

Data Modeling

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 Aggregate Navigation
Caching
Security
Connectivity information
SQL information

The BI Server can access multiple repositories.

What is a Physical Join in OBIEE Repository?

When you create a Repository in OBIEE system, physical join is commonly used in
Physical layer. Physical joins helps to understand how two table should be joined to
each other. Physical joins are normally expressed with the use of Equal operator.

Can we use Physical Join in BMM layer?

Yes but it is rarely seen.

How can you sort in Reports in OBIEE 11g?

Click on modify and then click on sort orderbyiconorderbyicon on the relevant

column in the criteria pane.

How will you execute Direct SQL in OBIEE?

To execute SQL, click direct database request below the subject area and you can
execute Direct SQL in OBIEE.

What is caching concept and how it is linked with Query Performance?

To improve query performance, we disable BI server cache option.

Open a browser and enter the below URL to open Fusion Middleware Control
Enterprise Manager

http://<machine name>:7001/em

Enter user name and password and click on login.

In the left side, expand Business Intelligence coreapplication Capacity

Management tab Performance

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Enable BI Server Cache section is by default checked Click on Lock and Edit
Configuration Close.

Now deselect cache enabled option It is used to improve query performance

Apply Activate Changes Completed Successfully.

What is the use of OBIEE Business Model and Mapping layer?

As mentioned in previous article, Business Layer defines the business or logical

model of objects and their mapping between business model and Schema in Physical
layer. It simplifies the Physical Schema and maps the user business requirement to
physical tables.

The Business Model and Mapping layer of OBIEE system Administration tool can
contain one or more business model objects. A business model object defines the
business model definitions and the mappings from logical to physical tables for the
business model.

What are the different steps involved in defining Business Layer?

Steps involved in defining Business Layer

Create a Business Model

Examine Logical Joins
Examine Logical Columns
Examine Logical Table Sources
Rename Logical Table Objects Manually

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 Rename Logical Table Objects Using the Rename Wizard and Deleting
Unnecessary Logical Object
Creating Measures AggregationsAggregations

How do you create Logical tables in BMM layer?

There are two ways of creating Logical tables/objects in BMM layer

First one is dragging Physical tables to Business Model which is the fastest way of
defining Logical tables. When you drag the tables from Physical layer to BMM layer,
it also preserves the joins and keys automatically. If you want you can change the
joins and keys in Logical tables and it doesnt effect objects in Physical layer.

Second method is to create a logical table manually

In the Business Model and Mapping layer, right-click the business model select
New Object Logical Table Logical Table dialog box appears.

How do you perform testing of a repository? Where do you perform testing of OBIEE
Repositroy?

You can check the repository for errors by using the consistency checking option.

Go to File click on Check Global Consistency Yes

What is Query logging?

You can setup query logging level for individual users in OBIEE. Logging level
control the information that you will retrieve in log file.

What are the different query logging levels?

In normal scenario

User has a logging level set to 0 and Administrator has a logging level set to 2.
Logging level can have values starting from Level 0 to level 5.

Level 0 means no logging and Level 5 means maximum logging level information.

How will you enable or disable caching in the system level and table level?

In the NQSConfig.ini file use ENABLE under CACHE Section for System Level

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For tables, if we want to enable the cache at table level , open the repository in offline
mode This should be different from the current repository and click enable or disable
the cache.

What is the use of table alias in OBIEE 11g?

Table alias is used for creating self joins.

How do you create table alias in OBIEE?

Table alias can be created by right clicking the table in the physical layer then click
alias.

Have you created Hierarchy in OBIEE 11g, how?

Yes, we can create hierarchy in BMM Layer of OBIEE in dimensions for the
dimension tables. This can be done by right clicking the dimension table and click
create dimension and then we can manually define the hierarchy and its levels.

What are the different types of dimension hierarchies?

There are two types of dimensional hierarchies that are possible

Dimensions with level based hierarchies

Dimension with Parent-child hierarchies

In Level based hierarchies, members can be of different types and member of same
type comes only at single level.

In Parent-child hierarchies, all members are of same type.

What do you understand by Level based measures?

Level based measures are created to perform calculation at a specific level of

aggregation. They allow to return data at multiple levels of aggregation with one
single query. It also allows to create share measures.

How Aggregation works in OBIEE?

When you execute a query in OBIEE, BI server looks for the resources which has
information to answer the query. Out of all available sources, server selects the most
aggregated source to answer that query.

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What are the different types of Variable in OBIEE?

In OBIEE there are two types on variables that are commonly used

Repository Variables
Session Variables

Apart from this you can also define Presentation and Request variables.

What do you understand by Repository Variables? What are different type of

Repository variables?

A Repository variable has a single value at any point of time. Repository variables are
defined using Oracle BI Administration tool. Repository variables can be used in
place of constants in Expression Builder Wizard.

There are two types of Repository variables

Static Repository Variables

Dynamic Repository Variables

What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Repository variables?

Static Repository variables are defined in variable dialogue box and their value exists
until they are changed by Administrator.

Static repository variables contain default initializers that are numeric or character
values. In addition, you can use Expression Builder to insert a constant as the default
initializer, such as Date, Time, etc.. You cannot use any other value or expression as
the default initializer for a static repository variable.

Dynamic repository variables are same as static variables but the values are refreshed
by data returned from queries. When defining a dynamic repository variable, you
create an initialization block or use a preexisting one that contains a SQL query. You
can also set up a schedule that the Oracle BI Server will follow to execute the query
and refresh the value of the variable periodically.

When the value of a dynamic repository variable changes, all cache entries associated
with a business model are deleted automatically.

What are the Session Variables?

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Session variables are similar to dynamic repository variables and that they obtain their
values from initialization blocks. When a user begins a session, the Oracle BI Server
creates new instances of session variables and initializes them.

What is the use of OBIEE Dashboards? What are the Dashboard alerts?

OBIEE Dashboard is a tool that enables end users to run ad-hoc reports and analysis
as per business requirement model. Interactive dashboards are pixel perfect reports
which can be directly viewed or printed by end users.

OBIEE Dashboard is part of Oracle BI Presentation layer services. If your end user is
not interested in seeing all the data in the dashboard, it allows you to add prompts to
the dashboard that allows user to enter what he wants to see. Dashboards also allows
end users to select from Drop-down lists, multi-select boxes and selection of columns
to display in the reports.

Dashboard Alerts

Oracle BI Dashboard also allows you to set up alerts to sales executives that comes up
on the Interactive Dashboard whenever companys projected sales is going to be
below forecast.

What is the use of filters in OBIEE?

Filters are used to limit the results that are displayed when an analysis is run, so that
the results answer a particular question. Based on the filters, only those results are
shown that matches the criteria passed in the filter condition.

Filters are applied directly to attribute columns and measure columns. Filters are
applied before the query is aggregated and affect the query and thus the resulting
values for measures.

Example Suppose you have a list of members in which the aggregate sums to 100.
Over the time, more members meet the set filter criteria, which increases the
aggregate sum to 200.

What is the difference between Prompts and Filters?

A Prompt is a special type of filter that is used to filter analyses embedded in a

dashboard. The main reason to use a dashboard prompt is that it allows the user to
customize analysis output and also allows flexibility to change parameters of a report.

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What is Named prompt?

The prompt created at the dashboard level is called a Named prompt. This Prompt is
created outside of a specific dashboard and stored in the catalog as a prompt. You can
apply a Named prompt to any dashboard or dashboard page that contains the columns,
mentioned in the prompt. It can filter one or any number of analyses embedded on the
same dashboard page. You can create and save these named prompts to a private
folder or a shared folder.

A Named prompt always appear on the dashboard page and user can prompt for
different values without having to rerun the dashboard.

A named prompt can also interact with selection steps. You can specify a dashboard
prompt to override a specific selection step.

What are Inline prompts?

Inline prompts are embedded in an analysis and are not stored in the Catalog for reuse.
An Inline prompt provides general filtering of a column within the analysis, and
depending on how it is configured.

Inline Prompt work independently from a dashboard filter, which determines values
for all matching columns on the dashboard. An inline prompt is an initial prompt.
When the user selects the prompt value, the prompt field disappears from the analysis.

What is the use of Column Prompts? Where they are used?

A column prompt is the most common and flexible prompt type. A column prompt
enables you to build very specific value prompts to either stand alone on the
dashboard or analysis or to expand or refine existing dashboard and analysis filters.
Column prompts can be created for hierarchical, measure, or attribute columns at the
analysis or dashboard level.

What do you understand by connection pool and how many connection pools did you
have in your last project?

Connection pool is needed for every physical database and it contains information
about the connection to the database. We had multiple connection pools to save time
of users.

What do you understand by Data Level Security and Object Level Security?

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Data level security controls the type and amount of data that you can see in a report.
Object level security provides security for objects stored in the OBIEE web catalog
like dashboards, dashboards pages, folder and reports.

What is OBIEE Security? How do you define a Security policy in OBIEE system?

OBIEE security is defined by use of a role based access control model. Security in
OBIEE is defined in terms of Roles that are aligned to different directory server
groups and users.

Security structure defines with below components

The directory Server User and Group managed by the Authentication provider.
The application roles managed by the Policy store provide.

What are different Application roles in BI system?

Security is normally defined in terms of Application roles that are assigned to

directory server users and groups.

Example the default Application roles are BIAdministrator, BIConsumer, and

BIAuthor.

What is the difference between OBIEE 10g and OBIEE 11g administration?

In OBIEE 10g, most of OBIEE administration tasks were mostly performed either
through the Administration tool, the web-based Presentation Server administration
screen, or through editing files in the filesystem. You had around 700 or so
configuration options spread over multiple tools and configuration files, with some
options like users and groups were embedded in unrelated
repositories theRPDtheRPD.

In OBIEE 11g, all administration and configuration tasks are moved into Fusion
Middleware Control also called as Enterprise Manager.

When you have Tables T1 and T2 which are not joined, what will happen in BMM
layer?

Both table will work as Fact table.

Is it possible to create outer join in Physical layer?

No

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What are the different ways of assigning permissions to OBIEE repository?

You can assign permissions in one of the following ways

To application roles Most recommended way of assigning permissions and

privileges.

To individual users This is difficult to manage where you can assign permissions
and privileges to specific users.

To Catalog groups It was used in previous releases for backward compatibility

maintenance.

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