Applications of Natural Log

Applications of Natural Logarithmic Functions
Math 53 Lecture Notes

Applications of Natural Logatihmic Functions
August 9, 2017
Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Theorem
Theorem
Suppose that y is a continuous function of t with y >0 for all
t 0. Furthermore, dy
dt = ky where k is a constant and y = y0
when t = 0. Then
y = y0 e kt

Example 1: Bacteria Growth
Example
In a certain culture the rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to
the amount present. Initially, 1000 bacteria are present and the
amount doubles in 12 min.
1 If y bacteria are present at t minutes, express y as a function

of t .
2 How long will it take until 10,000 bacteria are present?

Solution: Bacteria Growth
Example
a) The dierential equation is dy
dt = ky .
Integrating both sides yields y = e kt+C1 = Ce kt .
When t = 0, y = y0 = 1000. Therefore, y = 1000e kt .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
b) What is t when y = 10, 000?
Substituting y = 10, 000, we have 10, 000 = 1000 e
12k t/12

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

40 min.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
12k t/12


40 min.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
12k t/12


40 min.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
12k t/12


40 min.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
12k t/12


40 min.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 12, y = 2000. So,
t/12
y = 1000 e 12k = 1000 (2)t/12 .
12k t/12


40 min.
Example 2: Population
Example
The rate of increase of the population of a certain city is
proportional to the population. In 1950, the population was 50,000
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
1 If y is the populationt t years after 1950, express y as a

function of t .
2 What was the population in 2010?

Solution 2: Population
Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
b) What is y when t = 60?
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have
= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have

Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have

Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have

Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have

Example
and in 1980 it was 75,000.
dt = ky .
When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

t/30
y = 50, 000 e 30k = 50, 000 (1.5)t/30 .
Substituting t = 60,y = 50, 000 (1.5)2
we have

Example 3: Radioactive Decay
Example
The rate of decay of radium is proportional to the amount present
at any time. The half-life of radium is 1690 years and 20 mg of
radium are present now.
1 If y milligrams of radium are present t years from now, express

y as a function of t .
2 How much radium will be present 1000 years from now?

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690
Substituting t = 1000, we have y = 20 (.5)
= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

1000 years.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690

1000 years.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690

1000 years.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690

1000 years.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690

1000 years.
Example
dt = ky .
When t = 1690, y = 10. So,
t/1690
y = 20 e 1690k = 20 (1/2)t/1690 .
1000/1690

1000 years.
Theorem
If P dollars is invested at an annual rate of i percent, compounded
m times per year, then.
mt
i
A=P 1+ (1)
m
Theorem
If P dollars is invested at an annual rate of r percent, compounded
continuously, then
mt
i
A = lim P 1 + = Pe rt (2)
m m

Example 4: Investment
Example
A bank advertises that interest on savings accounts is computed at
4% per year compounded daily. If $1000 is deposited into a savings
account at the bank, nd
a) an approximate amout at the end of 1 year by taking the interest
rate at 4% compounded continuously.
b) the exact amount at the end of 1 year by considering an annual
interest rate of 4% compounded 365 times per year.

Solution 4: Investment
Example
account at the bank,
a) Let A dollars be the amount at the end of 1 year. Then from eq.
(2) A = 1000e .04(1) = 1040.81
.04 365(1)
b) From eq. (1), A = 1000 1 + 0365 = 1040.81


Example
(2) A = 1000e .04(1) = 1040.81
.04 365(1)
b) From eq. (1), A = 1000 1 + 0365 = 1040.81


Example
(2) A = 1000e .04(1) = 1040.81
.04 365(1)
b) From eq. (1), A = 1000 1 + 0365 = 1040.81


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Applications of Natural Logarithmic Functions

Math 53 Lecture Notes

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Example 1: Bacteria Growth

1 If y bacteria are present at t minutes, express y as a function

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

Solution: Bacteria Growth

= t = 12lnln210 39.9. Thus, there will be 10, 000 bacteria after

1 If y is the populationt t years after 1950, express y as a

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

When t = 0, y = y0 = 50, 000. Therefore, y = 50, 000e kt .

When t = 30, y = 75, 000. So,

= y 112, 500. Thus, there were 112, 500 people in 2010.

Example 3: Radioactive Decay

1 If y milligrams of radium are present t years from now, express

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

Solution 3: Radioactive Decay

= y 13.27. Thus, there were 13.27 mg of radium left after

m times per year, then.

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

Math 53 Lecture Notes Applications of Natural Logatihmic

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