IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-5992

SPWM Techniques in Open Loop and Closed

Loop Control of Induction Motor
M.V.Subramanyam1, P.Kishor2, DR.D. Venu Madhava Chary3
11
Assistant Professor Department of EEE, Matrusri Engineering College , Osmania University ,India
2
Assistant Professor Department of EEE, Matrusri Engineering College , Osmania University ,India
3
.Professor Department of EEE, Matrusri Engineering College , Osmania University ,India

ABSTRACT
The five multi level inverters are widely used in medium and high voltage applications, it has numerous advantages compared
to higher level inverters (7 0r 9).There are various Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation(SPWM) techniques such as i)In Phase
Disposition PWM(IPPWM) ii) Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM) iii)Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition
PWM(APODPWM) iv)Phase Shift PWM(PSPWM) v)Alternate Phase Shift PWM(APSPWM) vi)Carrier Overlap
PWM(COPWM) vii) Variable Frequency PWM(VFPWM) viii) Alternate Variable Frequency PWM(AVFPWM).In this paper
this modulation techniques are compared in open loop and closed loop control of three phase induction motor with variation of
carrier frequency

Keywords: Carrier Over lap, Closed Loop ,Open loop, Pulse Width Modulation, Sinusoidal

1. INTRODUCTION
The multi level inverters are widely used in medium and high power applications because of their high quality output
.he first neutral clamped multilevel inverter was introduced by Nabae in 1981[1].In high power applications and high-
voltage applications , the normal full bridge inverters contain various limitations in operating at high frequency mostly
due to switching losses and voltage ratings. To get a quality output voltage with a less amount of harmonic content,
this requires fast switching frequency with different Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques.[2].The Multilevel
inverters used for higher and medium power applications mostly use power electronic switches like
IGT,MOSFET,GTO,MCT and power BJTs[3].The fundamental Multi Level Inverter (MLI) are Diode Clamped ,Flying
Capacitor and Multi level H-bridge Diode Clamped Multi Level Inverter is most widely used topology and is
considered in this work.[4-6].

2. SPWM TECHNIQUES
PWM control strategies are development to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of the current .There are
several SPWM techniques such as i)In Phase disposition PWM (IPDPWM) ii)Phase Opposition Disposition PWM
(PODPWM) iii) Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(APODPWM) iv)Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM) v)
Alternate Phase Shift PWM (APSPWM) vi) Carrier Over Lap PWM (COPWM) vii)Variable Frequency PWM
(VFPWM) viii) Alternate Variable Frequency PWM A(VFPWM).[8] In Phase disposition PWM (IPDPWM):In this
method all four carriers waveforms are in phase of same amplitude and frequency. Phase Opposition Disposition PWM
(PODPWM):In this method four carriers waveforms are arranged so that all carrier waveforms are in phase and they
are 1800 Out of phase with those below zero. Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(APODPWM):In this
method four carrier waveforms are arranged so that alternate carrier waveforms are at 1800 out of phase with those of
other two alternate waveforms. Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM): In this method four carrier waveforms are arranged such
that they are same amplitude and frequency but shifted by 900 to one another. Alternate Phase Shift PWM (APSPWM):
In this method four carrier waveforms are arranged so that alternate waveforms are shifted by 900 . Carrier Over Lap
PWM (COPWM) : In this method four carrier waveforms overlap over each other with same frequency and same
phase. Variable Frequency PWM (VFPWM): In this method intermediate carrier waveforms frequency is varied with

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 35

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-5992

same magnitude. Alternate Variable Frequency PWM A(VFPWM) : In this alternate carrier waveforms frequency is
varied with same magnitude.

3. OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP CONTROL

The Figure 1 below shows the open loop control of three phase Induction motor using SPWM. The control signal is
generated using constant ,The control signal is then compared with carrier wave to generate pulses which will switch
appropriate switches in five level multi level inverter

Figure 1 Open Loop control of three phase Induction Motor .

Figure. 2 The Closed Loop control of three Phase Induction Motor using fuzzy Logic

Figure 2 shows the circuit for closed loop control of five level inverter fed 3 phase Induction Motor.The refrence speed
i.e. the rated speed of induction motor is compared with speed feedback.The angular speed obtained from the motor is
converted into speed .The feeedback speed and refrence speed are fed to fuzzy logic controller1 thru fuzzification
blocks. The fuzzy contrpller1 output and current feedback are fed to fuzzy controller2 thru fuzzification blocks.The
output from fuzzy controller2 is fed to control signal generation block thru defuzzification block. The control signal
block generates sinusoidal signal which is fed to PWM generation block.PWM signal is generated by comparing a
sinusoidal signal with triangular carrier wave at high frequency.The PWM signal for each leg is generated and fed to
appropriate switches in MLI. Then MLI generates stepped ac waveform which is fed to three phase induction
motor.As number of level increses the smooth a.c. waveform will be obtained.But practicall we have five inverters only.

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 36

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 In Phase disposition PWM (IPDPWM)
Figure.3 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 4 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop

Figure 3 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency (open loop)

Figure. 4 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency (closed loop)

4.2 Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM)

Figure 5 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 6 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop

Figure. 5 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency (open loop)

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 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
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A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
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Figure. 6 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency( closed loop)

4.3 Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(APODPWM)

Figure 7 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 8 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop.

Figure 7 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency (open loop)

Figure.8 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency( closed loop)

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 38

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
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4.4 Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM)

Figure 9 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 10 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop.

Figure.9 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency( open loop)

Figure. 10 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency (closed loop).

4.5Alternate Phase Shift PWM (APSPWM)

Figure 11 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 12 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop.

Figure.11 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(open loop)

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 39

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
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Figure. 12 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(closed loop)

4.6Carrier Over Lap PWM (COPWM)

Figure 13 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 14 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop

Figure.13 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency( open loop)

Figure. 14 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(closed loop)

4.7 Variable Frequency PWM (VFPWM)

Figure 15 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 16 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 40

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-5992

Figure.15 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(open loop)

Figure. 16 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(closed loop)

4,8 Alternate Variable Frequency PWM A(VFPWM)

Figure 17 shows the variation of current THD with carrier frequency in open loop and Figure 18 shows the variation of
current THD with carrier frequency in closed loop

Figure.17 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(open loop)

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 41

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-5992

Figure 18 Variation of current THD with carrier frequency(closed loop)

It is clear from above graphs, that as carrier frequency is increased there is decrease in current THD both in open loop
and closed loop. In open loop THD around 30 % which is not as per IEEE standards. But in closed loop THD is around
5% which is acceptable as per IEEE standards. So closed loop is better than open loop control .

References
[1] Nabae, I. Takahashi, H. Akagi, A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, vol. 17. No. 5, pp.518-523,
[2] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices, and Applications PEARSON Education Publishers,
India, Third Edition, pp.406- 419.
[3] M D Singh, K B Khanchandani, Power Electronics TATA McGRAW HILL Publishers, New Delhi, Second
Edition, pp.535-537, Eleventh print 2011.
[4] Bahram Ramezani, Speed Control Simulation for induction Motor by Multilevel VSI-fed to analyze current
harmonics and Selective Harmonic Elimination ; Journal of Applied Sciences (10) 8, 688-693, 2010
[5] N.Tekwani, R.S.Kanchan and K.Gopakumar,Five-level Inverter Scheme for an Induction Motor drive with
simultaneous elimination of common mode voltage and DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Imbalance.
[6] Leon M. Tolbert, Fang Z. Peng and Thomas G. HabetlerMultilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicle
Applications;oak Ridge National Laboratory, Gorgea Institute of Technology, USA
[7] M V Subramanyam. P V N Prasad,SPWM Techniques in closed Loop Control of Five Level Inverter Fed 3
Induction Motor The IUP Journal of Electrical &Electronics Engineering,, Vol VII, No. 4,pp 43-54

Auhtore
M.V.S ubramanyam received his B.Tech and M.Tech degrees in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering from JNTU, Hyderabad in years 1994 and 2005 respectively. During years 1995 -1997
worked as Design Engineer in Control and Schematics Pvt. Ltd. . He worked as Assistant Professor
in Adams Engineering College ,from 1999 2005 and in Vignan Institute of technology and
science during 2005-2006.He worked as Associate Professor in Vignan Institute Institute of
technology and science from 2006-2008 ,CVR College of Engineering between 2008 2011 and
in Vignan Bharati Institute of Technology between 2011-2014.Presently he is Working in Matrusri
Engineering College as Assistant Professor. His areas of inters are Power Electronics and Drives ,Power Systems and
MATLAB. He is life member of Institute of Engineers (IEI) and Indian society for Technical Education(ISTE) .He
published about 9 papers 4 in national/International Conferences and 5 in national and International journals

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 42

 IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijcs@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-5992

P. Kishor received his B .Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Mona college of
Engineering & Technol.ogy in 2006 and M.Tech in Power Electronics & Drives from JNTU
Hyderabad in the Year 2011.During 2006-2008 worked as a assistant professor in
JBIET,MOINABD .During 2011-2012 worked as a assistant professor in MREC, Dhulpally &
from 2012- to till date Working as a assistant professor in Matrusri Engineering College

Dr. D V M Chary completed his AMIE from Institute f Engineers (India) and Post gradation in
Electric Drives and Control from OU, Hyderabad. He received his Ph.D in the area of Power
Systems from JNTUH, Hyderabad. His areas of interest include Neural Networks, Electrical
Machines and Power systems. He has published 2 papers in International/National Conferences 5
papers in International/National Journals. He has 19 years of teaching experience. He is reviewer
for Institute of Engineers (India) Journal..

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 43