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your energy?
missing link that enables harvesting the full Facts and gures
Contact
1
Who we are
Simple is smart.
2 3
Game-changing technology
Electricity.
High quality process steam.
District heating.
Chilling/cooling.
4 5
Game-changing technology
A solid solution.
1.0
HEATCRETE
0.5
DLR
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Temperature (C)
6 7
Game-changing technology
8 9
Concentrated solar power
10 11
Concentrated solar power
USD/kWhel (normalized)
steam. It enables storage of surplus
Operates with thermal oil, direct
heat from the solar eld during the 0.8
steam or gas. 50%
day, and subsequent discharge to the 0.7
steam turbine when the sun is down. Wide temperature range: from
0.6
ambient to 450C.
EnergyNests technology comes at a 0.5 34%
lower CAPEX and OPEX versus molten Can be retrofitted to existing plants
0.4
salt systems. This is largely due to the without TES.
0.3
use of low-cost materials, simplicity in Easy capacity boost for CSP plant 0.2
construction and operation, and very expansions.
low parasitic energy losses. The 0.1
technology is based on globally Lowering CSP cost 0.0
available materials with low technical 250 750 1,300 2,800
and environmental risks. Inexpensive materials that are Storage size in MWhth
largely available locally.
An EnergyNest system also eliminates
the need for external loops between Short lead time for components
different heat-transfer fluids, as well ensures fast-track installation. NPVCAPEX + NPVOPEX
as costly electrical heat tracing and Simple installation based on proven LCOS =
heaters, thus further reducing processes. NPVENERGY
complexity. CSP plants can be easily
Spare part inventory equal to Key assumptions:
retrofitted with EnergyNest technology.
CSP process plant.
Turnkey CAPEX.
No special crew required for 5% discount rate.
operation or maintenance. 25-year lifetime.
No residual value at end of lifetime.
Increasing CSP output No performance degradation
over lifetime.
Near-zero parasitic energy losses.
8% higher annual net production
Significant over-charge capacity of electricity during discharge of
during high DNI conditions. TES with EN vs. MS, as per reference
Flexible In case of maintenance, individual
performance simulation.
OPEX includes operation, spare
storage units can be isolated with
HTF
parts, corrective and preventive
minor impact on total plant
maintenance, and training.
performance.
Parasitic energy losses included
in annual energy yield.
thermal oil or
direct steam
12 13
Concentrated solar power retrots
14 15
Industrial processes
16 17
Industrial processes
Value delivered.
TIME-SHIFTING STEAM TO MEET PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Efficient use of thermal power
Discharged energy on demand.
Full flexibility in time-shifting energy
production to peak price periods.
Most efficient energy storage
Power
18 19
Application example: thermal power plants Application example: steel production
90%
Our Thermal Energy Storage can
drive both organic and Rankine
steam cycles.
Simple implementation to upgrade
existing installations. The EnergyNest system also makes
Value delivered.
a good case for the steel industry,
overall system efciency First-class complementary solution. where rising energy costs and high Efficient use of excess heat in
levels of power consumption superhot batch cycles.
represent a major challenge. The
Most efficient energy storage
EnergyNest technology allows excess
solution for long discharge periods.
heat produced during peak-heat batch
cycles to be stored, and later fed back Returns energy back into the steel
into the steel production process. production process.
20 21
Power grids
22 23
Power grids
EnergyNest offers a low-cost, Thermal energy storage has a number Rapid response Load leveling
CHARGE
scalable, clean, and durable solution of advantages over electrochemical
Variations in grid frequency are a Load leveling balances the load on the
to the emerging need for grid-scale energy storage. It is much less costly
useful load indicator. TES is charged or grid. In times of reduced load, TES is An electric oil heater functions
storage. Our novel technology enables and much more durable, has no
discharged according to the actual grid charged; in periods of heavy demand, as a load bank which can
utilities and grid operators to balance performance degradation, is made
frequency. This allows for a quick additional energy is fed into the system. instantaneously absorb and even
energy production from intermittent from locally available and recyclable
response without additional CO2 This way, major investments for grid out fluctuations in the grid:
renewables with power demand and materials, and allows continuous
emissions. updates or additional generating
can signicantly contribute to peak discharge over periods of four hours Primary, secondary and tertiary
capacity can be postponed.
regulation services with its highly or more making it an appealing Spinning reserve regulation.
exible operation. candidate for bulk storage applications. Peak shaving Power balancing.
To manage generation and transmission
Instantaneous start/stop
outages, a spinning reserve should be When power demand is high, peak
and ramping.
available within milliseconds, and for shaving is used to avoid supply
a substantial amount of time. TES shortages and to relieve power plants, A generator (steam turbine)
provides this spinning reserve as well as the grid. Instead of reducing can provide reactive power and
simple, efficient, and easily scalable. the load of selected consumers via voltage control if operated as
load management or demand side a synchronous condenser.
Reliable renewables
management, TES supplies the peaks
4 hrs
By their very nature, renewable without costly installation of additional
energies are not constantly available. power plants.
DISCHARGE
TES smooths the output and provides a
Voltage support
reliable level for some time. This avoids A steam turbine generator will
rapid voltage changes and prevents If needed, TES injects or absorbs active react much faster than any
potential damages. or reactive power thus helping to conventional thermal power plant
bulk energy storage Power quality
maintain the grid voltage. but emission-free:
24 25
Power grids
In order to fully harvest their For wind farms aiming at balancing out EnergyNest fills an important gap
renewable energy and to provide their intermittent power generation, not covered by existing technologies.
dispatchable power generation, EnergyNests TES promises a Our sweet spot lies in long-duration
many wind farm projects today rely surprisingly low-cost setup. The applications with more than three
on Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technical process behind it is easily hours of charge/discharge time and
technology. A conversion of electricity explained. First, the surplus wind low charging power costs. In short: Our
to heat storage and back seems costly energy is used to power an electric technology offers a 40% lower levelized
a common misconception. oil heater; the thermal energy cost of storage for a 10-hour battery
EnergyNests TES proves it is generated is then stored in the TES. charged with electricity for 2 US/kWh.
competitive with Li-ion batteries, When there is a need for electricity, This makes the EnergyNest TES an
primarily over long durations in the TES is discharged by supplying hot ideal solution for remote or island
large-scale, grid-tied applications. oil to a steam/organic Rankine cycle grids having a high penetration of
turbine, which converts thermal and renewable energy and a combined
mechanical energy to electric energy heat and power demand.
via a synchronous generator.
EnergyNests solution can provide
both electricity and district heating.
Electricity price
Low charging power costs are than Li-ion
5 US/kWh
common in large-scale, grid-tied +0%
applications, for example:
3 US/kWh price for PV power 15%
EnergyNest
from the recently tendered is less
2 US/kWh EnergyNests sweet spot 800 MW PV power plant in Dubai. 30% cost-
3.5 US/kWh average spot intensive
market price for electricity in 45% than Li-ion
Charging Germany (2015).
power cost Curtailed wind energy (e.g. 40% Low 60%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Short Long Short Long Short Long
on average in China) with zero
Storage duration
Duration (h) market value.
Source: EnergyNest; Basic assumptions: 350 cycles per year, 10 % discount rate, OPEX 2 % of initial CAPEX; Lithium-ion battery assumptions: Source: EnergyNest; Basic assumptions: 350 cycles per year, 10 % discount rate, OPEX 2 % of initial CAPEX Lithium-ion battery assumptions
12-year and 5,000-cycle lifetime, USD 400/kW CAPEX and USD 500/kWh, 82% efficiency; EnergyNest: 30-year lifetime, no cycle (base case): 12-year and 5,000-cycle lifetime, CAPEX USD 400/kW CAPEX and USD 500/kWh, 82 % efficiency; EnergyNest: 30-year lifetime,
limitations, CAPEX USD 1,500/kW and USD 167/kWhel, 30 % efficiency. no cycle limitations, CAPEX USD 1,500/kW and USD 167/kWhel, 30% efficiency.
26 27
Remote sites
Applications
REMOTE ISLANDS CASE STUDY
Island grids not connected to any
mainland grid such as in the
Energy efficiency: 90+%
Mediterranean or Caribbean, or
thereof electricity: 2540%
the Faroe Islands where local thereof heat: 5565%
communities and industries can
benefit from Thermal Energy Storage
to cope with increasing renewable INDUSTRY
energy generation.
28 29
Facts and gures
30 31
Our exible system
The high-temperature steam storage In a solar plant with direct steam reducing power consumption. The
jointly developed by EnergyNest and generation, the storage system can high-temperature steam storage OIL-BASED STORAGE APPLICATIONS
Aalborg CSP avoids intermediary include a superheater unit, which system is ideally suited to providing
heat-transfer uids and is charged stores sensible heat, and an evaporator daily or weekly storage capacity for
and discharged directly with steam. storage unit, which stores latent heat steam-based systems.
The system can comprise one or from condensing steam. The evaporator
several storage units, depending on storage unit relies on natural circulation
the power/heat cycle it supports. principles instead of pumps, thus
Value delivered.
70 to 100 MWhth EVAPORATOR STORAGE
Reliably supplies high-temperature
and high-pressure steam exactly
when needed.
Operating temperature up to 450C
(HEATCRETE tested up to 550C)
Operates with saturated or super-
heated steam at up to 160 bar.
Ideal for direct-steam CSP systems
(linear Fresnel, tower), as well as
CHP power generation or industrial Temperature up to
applications.
450C
Lowest CAPEX and OPEX.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM STORAGE PROCESS IN A SOLAR PLANT
Modern tower or linear Fresnel
Boiler unit co-developed with Cost-effective and reliable storage.
CSP plants rely on direct steam
AALBORG CSP.
generation and can thus be tted Operating temperature up to
STEAM SOURCE STEAM TURBINE with a steam-based TES system. For 450C or the limitation of the HTF.
Integration made easy.
others like parabolic trough CSP
Lowest CAPEX and OPEX on the
Low operational costs thanks to C D plants thermal oil is the Thermal
market.
simplicity, robustness, and absence Energy Storage medium of choice.
of moving parts. Cost-effective and reliable by design,
KEY: Many of the early parabolic power
a highly competitive alternative to
Highly modular and scalable SUPERHEATER plants are equipped with a two-tank
Superheated STORAGE two-tank indirect molten salt
solution that can be adapted to local indirect system where two different
steam storage.
space and process requirements. fluids are used: mostly mineral oil as
Saturated the heat-transfer fluid, and molten salt Ideal for retrofitting older parabolic
Solid storage medium able to steam C D as the storage medium. These plants trough CSP plants, or equipping
withstand thousands of stress D
Water can be easily retrofitted with a more new ones.
cycles without performance FEED WATER
degradation; extremely long z Steam drum cost-effective, state-of-the-art storage A first-class solution for power
lifespan. C Charging C solution. EnergyNests TES based generation and industrial
EVAPORATOR on thermal oil is a highly competitive heat recovery.
D Discharging STORAGE alternative to molten salt storage.
32 33
Masdar pilot
34 35
General module specications Q&A
Parameter Unit Value Notes General questions be more economical depending on the use case, and
1. Most specifications in this sheet apply to a below 100120C low pressure or atmospheric hot
HTF1 Oil
system using a single-phase heat-transfer How is the EnergyNest TES superior to other storage water tanks would generally be the preferred option.
Module width mm 2,168 fluid, either liquid or gas, where no phase technologies? Our storage system has no pressure limitations.
change will occur. The storage system can
Module height mm 1,885 be designed for phase-change cycles, but Fully scalable power and energy storage capacity, from
this will directly impact the type of MW/MWhth to GW/GWhth, unlike many other technologies How are you positioned with regards to other TES
Module length mm 11,800
components used. In case of steam, the such as molten salt, pumped hydro, and compressed air technologies?
Module volume m3 48.2 concrete module can act as the superheater energy storage, which generally require very large facilities
unit in a storage system which also includes TES technologies may be summarized as follows:
to be economically viable.
Module weight2 tons 75 a boiler unit. Boiler unit specifications are
stated in a separate document. Technology Min Max Description
Medium to long discharge duration (from 4 hours up to
Storage medium3 HEATCRETE
2. This refers to the approximate total weight several days), unlike supercapacitors, flywheels, and most Hot water tanks >0C 120C Low-grade heat, typically
Tube material A-106 gr B carbon steel of the module with Heatcrete. The shipping battery technologies, which typically supply power only in the district heating.
weight of the steel components is about seconds to minutes range. >100C requires pressure
Charging time, hours Min Hours 4 7.5 tons.
tank
Max Hours 48+ 3. HEATCRETE is a special type of concrete
Round-trip thermal efficiency, or combined heat and
tailored for Thermal Energy Storage power efficiency, exceeding 90%, higher than most other Thermal (mineral) 40C 300C Significant degradation
Discharging time, hours4 Min Hours 4 applications, developed in partnership with technologies including batteries, pumped hydro, and CAES. oil storage over time
Heidelberg Cement. The concrete uses
Max Hours 48+ Can be built anywhere, with no geographical or Pressure vessels 120C 300C Cost increases significantly
quartzite as the main aggregate.
Operating temperature 5
Min C 0 topographical constraints, unlike pumped hydro and CAES. with water with temperature (pressure)
4. Due to the thermal inertia of
HEATCRETE, long charge and discharge Possibility of very high local content with majority of EnergyNest <0C 450C Current version of
Max C 450
periods are favored, as this will increase the components being manufactured and supplied locally, HEATCRETE limits the
Design pressure6 Oil barg 40 effective storage capacity and thermal
unlike many other technologies, which require high-tech upper temperature to 450C
performance. Discharge and charge
Steam barg 160 periods can be discontinuous. components manufactured only in certain parts of the world.
Binary molten salt 270C 565C Melting point at 220C,
Modules shipped per 40-foot container 1 5. This refers to the maximum operating Based on globally available materials, mainly concrete crystallization can begin at
temperature range of the storage, materials and steel, unlike batteries, which require rare 240C, upper limit of 565C
HTF fill volume7 m3 1.0 irrespective of heat-transfer fluid, based on earths with limited resource availability. determined by steel type,
the upper limit of standard carbon steel used
Nominal storage capacity MWh 1.9 limit for salt itself is 593C.
in the heat exchangers. Increasing the Lifetime exceeding 50 years, with no performance
8 temperature up to 550C may also be degradation and almost unlimited cycling lifetime, unlike Hitec/tertiary 170C 538C Melting point at 142C,
Maximum storage capacity in optimal conditions MWh 2.4
possible by investing in a modified
battery technologies, which typically degrade over time with molten salt upper limit of 538C deter-
Thermal losses over 24-hour period9 % <2% HEATCRETE formula, as well as appropriate
steel grades for higher temperature levels. a lifetime of 10 years. mined by salt properties
Design lifetime years 50+
6. According to plant requirements. Typically,
up to 40 bar for thermal oil and up to Does the EnergyNest system have a sweet spot in terms of
160 bar for water/steam. Higher pressures temperature and pressure? How can electricity be supplied?
may affect the choice of steel tubing.
Yes, between 300C and 427C. The higher the EnergyNests TES can be used to generate high-grade
7. Charging at 390C and discharging all the
way down to 290C. temperatures, the better, as a larger temperature differential steam for steam turbines, organic vapor for organic
will allow a more useful heat transfer and utilization of stored Rankine cycles (ORC), or other heat engines that work
8. Heat-transfer fluid volume will depend on
energy. However, above 427C, higher-grade steel material within the temperature range of EnergyNests technology.
steel tube diameter and wall thickness.
is required for the steel tubes and piping, and above 450C, The components of the power block (turbine-generator,
9. This is indicative for larger systems. the composition of the special cement mix used for steam generator, etc.) lie outside the companys
Thermal losses will depend on size (larger
HEATCRETE will be different. These additional costs scope of supply. Such equipment will be the responsibility
size reduces relative heat losses),
temperature, and amount and type of must be traded off against increased storage and energy of other OEMs. EnergyNest has a number of preferred
thermal insulation used in the storage. conversion efficiency. Below 300C, alternative TES partners who can be recommended for special projects.
technologies are available, such as non-pressurized
organic oils and pressure vessels with water, which may
36 37
Q&A
Does EnergyNest have a proof of performance? Molten salts require pumps for cold and hot tanks. Oil inlet temperature EnergyNest Molten salt What is the heat capacity of HEATCRETE?
With EnergyNest, no pumps are needed, since the to steam generator (C) relative gross relative gross
EnergyNests TES at the Masdar Institute Solar Platform has Temperature (in C) Heat capacity (MJ/m3K)
storage medium is solid. turbine efficiency turbine efficiency,
been in operation since late October 2015 and will have
minus 2% power 100450 2.33.7
accumulated around 4,500 operating hours and > 200 cycles Molten salts require complex and expensive heat tracing,
for salt pumps
by the end of 2016. The R&D setup and initial results have salts drainage, and a back-up heating system to avoid salts
been validated by DNV-GL. A detailed report can be provided freezing (220240C). As the freezing point of typical 393 1 What is the thermal conductivity of HEATCRETE?
on request. The TES is currently operated 24/5 with three high-temperature thermal oil is 12C, such systems are
380 0.991 0.971 Temperature (in C) Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
shifts to maximize the operating hours and cycles. unnecessary for EnergyNest.
370 0.978 100450 2.491.61
Both salts tanks need nitrogen blanketing to avoid oxidation
Economics
of salts, adding complexity. No such system is required 365 0.971
Construction
for EnergyNest.
How much does the EnergyNest storage cost? 350 0.948
Valves and instrumentation are simpler and less costly How much local content can be included in the
The material cost for our basic storage module, consisting 330 0.912
than for molten salts, as they work with non-corrosive oil EnergyNest TES?
of HEATCRETE and steel, is 2025 USD/kWhth of storage 310 0.870
instead of highly corrosive molten salts.
capacity. This is the price per kWhth of HEATCRETE and If HEATCRETE and Cassettes can be sourced locally, our
steel cassettes. In other words, our material cost includes Due to the modularity of EnergyNests technology, very few TES can have close to 100% local content. 75% of
We already have a solution for achieving a constant
the storage medium, the containment of the medium, and circumstances can cause a complete downtime of the TES, HEATCRETE is aggregates, which may be sourced locally if
output temperature, by using different oil flows coming
the means to input and extract heat from the medium. This and if so, this would mainly be due to a malfunction in a of sufficient quality and volume. However, local fabrication
from different parts of the TES. But this entails lower initial
excludes EPC (turnkey) costs, which may vary significantly main control valve. If problems arise in a TES block, one of Cassettes depends on the qualifications (and price
output temperature and higher cost, due to additional
from project to project, depending on size and location. can isolate only that block while keeping the rest of the TES competitiveness) of the local steel workshop.
valves and control. In our opinion, the sliding
in full operation, with a marginal impact on total plant
temperature remains the most cost-effective solution.
performance. For molten salts, this is very different: a Operation
What guarantees does EnergyNest provide?
problem will typically shut down the entire TES.
Our performance guarantee may vary depending on the What is the minimum design duration for charge/ How is the integrity of the EnergyNest TES monitored?
All in all, the EnergyNest system is much simpler than a
application. Performance guarantees are a combination of discharge?
molten salt system. It does not add a new fluid with The only thing we monitor is the thermal performance.
discharged energy, temperature profile, and discharging The TES is designed for charge/discharge durations
stringent operating requirements, so no additional, Stress and deformation sensors are not practical for
time, as well as quality assurance. of at least 4 hours. This means that, from a fully
specialized crew is required for operation, inspection, and systems operated at temperatures up to 400C or more.
maintenance. For the same reason, there is no need discharged state, one should preferably have at least 4 hours Thermomechanical stresses have been carefully modeled
Does the TES affect the operational costs of the process it for additional stock of spare parts. of charge to reach the fully charged state, and vice versa. in collaboration with CIMNE in Barcelona and SINTEF in
serves? Norway, using advanced simulations of HEATCRETE
Technical columns. Additionally, our design includes a reinforce-
For CSP projects, the TES will increase the total HTF volume Does EnergyNest provide latent heat storage?
ment the steel casing which prevents surface spalling.
in the plant, slightly increasing the parasitic loads of pumping Together with its partner Aalborg CSP, EnergyNest has
How does EnergyNests decreasing output temperature
the heat-transfer fluids. Compared to molten salts, the developed a latent-sensible TES system for direct steam
during discharge affect turbine efciency?
overall parasitic loads are significantly reduced, since How is the TES designed to deal with potential contingencies
applications. The TES stores the latent heat from condensing
the storage medium is solid. No pumping power is Compared to molten salts, the (net) turbine efficiency with and damage?
steam as sensible heat in HEATCRETE. Later, that heat
required to move the medium from one tank to the other. EnergyNest is higher until the oil temperature has dropped is transferred to water to boil it to steam. This evaporator The TES Blocks are equipped with temperature sensors,
The overall O&M costs are very low, as the TES itself is to ~365C (down from 393C); see table below. This is TES is based on the principle of natural circulation in a both on inlet/outlet pipes and inside the Block itself. This
virtually maintenance-free and there are no moving because the salt system consumes around 2% of gross steam boiler, where the lower density of water/steam mix allows the operator to monitor the temperature evolution
parts except valves. Moreover, the TES does not turbine output, for pumping the salts from the hot tank to the inside the TES (compared to saturated water in external between Blocks and detect if there are any anomalies. In
require a special crew for operation and maintenance cold tank. So, with EnergyNest, the steam turbine efficiency downcomer pipes) drives circulation by gravity. This can addition, each Block has sensors to detect possible oil
other than what is required for the rest of the plant. will be higher for more than half the total discharge duration, be combined with a separate TES unit, referred to as a leakage. Should a leak occur, the operator will know which
and overall electricity output is higher. Moreover, in the first superheater TES, which enables the combined solution to Block is affected. This Block can then be cooled, isolated and
hours of discharge, the net power output will also be higher operate with steam at high temperatures up to 450C. Note
What explains the CAPEX and OPEX difference to drained of oil. Next, the insulation layer on the front can be
with EnergyNest than with molten salt, as the oil temperature that the use of a sensible storage medium to store latent
molten salt storage? removed and the TES columns and piping system inspected
is close to nominal (>380C). For CSP plants that are paid heat results in a lower steam pressure during discharge, to pinpoint the leak. The affected column can be isolated and
A combination of lower material costs and significantly time of day (TOD) tariffs this may be very advantageous as the compared to a TES based on phase change material (PCM). by-passed. The remaining Blocks in the total TES system can
reduced complexity, notably; highest TOD rates are typically in the late evening, when the
remain in full operation while the affected Block is repaired.
sun sets and the TES discharge begins.
The cost of HEATCRETE and Cassettes is lower than the
What kind of heat-transfer uids can the TES operate with?
cost of salts.
What basic maintenance does the TES require?
Basically all fluids compatible with carbon steel and
Molten salts require multiple oil/salt heat exchangers.
with sufficient density to allow pumping it through our The TES itself requires very low maintenance as there are no
For EnergyNest the heat exchangers are included in the
tubular heat exchangers. This includes but is not moving parts. Maintenance is mainly inspection of valves and
cassettes.
limited to: thermal oils, water/steam and pressurized air. instrumentation on the piping interface.
38 39
Our partners
An energetic movement.
40
Where do you store Rethink energy storage.
your energy?