1: Which of the following is NOT a cause of cerebrospinal meningitis in humans?

A: Neisseria meningitidis
B: Streptococcus pneumoniae
C: Haemophilus influenzae
D: Listeria monocytogenes
Reason: Neisseria meningitidis,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
Tybe b are all causes of cerebrospinal meningitis.

2: When tetanus causes "lock jaw" it is because the tetanospasmin travels to target cells
in the _______.
A: motor neurons
B: heart
C: lungs
D: muscle fibers
Reason: The tetanospasm toxin affects cells in the motor neurons.

3: The rabies virus is shaped like a/an ______ and enters the body by a _______.
A: icosahedron; skin wound
B: icosahedron; mosquito bite
C: bullet; skin wound
D: bullet; mosquito bite
Reason: The rabies virus is shaped like a bullet and enters the body by a skin wound.

4: Which one of the following is NOT a viral disease of the nervous system?
 A: West Nile virus
B: Hantavirus virus
C: Polio
D: Rabies
Reason: West Nile virus, Polio and Rabies are all diseases of the nervous system.

5: Which investigator developed a polio vaccine containing inactivated viruses?

A: Enders
B: Sabin
C: Jenner
D: Salk
Reason: Salk developed the inactivated Polio vaccine, Sabin developed the attenuated
Polio vaccine.

6: Which one of the following protozoa would most likely be isolated in an individual with
AIDS?
A: Cryptococcosis
B: Balantidium
C: Babesia
D: Leishmania
Reason: Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised
patients.

7: An infectious protein that causes "mad cow" disease is a ______.

 A: viroid
B: satellite virus
C: prion
D: virino
Reason: A prion is an infectious protein particle.

8: What ancient, chronic disfiguring disease is caused by a Mycobacterium?

A: Tuberculosis
B: Anthrax
C: Leprosy
D: Conjunctivitis
Reason: Leprosy is a skin disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.

9: Which of the following is a protozoan that causes a fatal brain disease by going up the
nose and into the brain while swimming in warm water?
A: Trypanosoma brucei
B: Cryptococcus neoformans
C: Coccidioides immitis
D: Naegleria fowleri
Reason: Naegleria fowleri is an amoeba that can be found while swimming in warm
waters.

10: Which of the following is a recent emerging disease in the United States?
A: the plague
B: West Nile Virus
 C: Cholera
D: Ebola
Reason: West Nile Virus is a recent emerging disease that first came to the US in 1999.

The nervous system performs three important functions. Which of the following is
NOT one of those functions?
A) sensory
B) circulation
C) integrative
D) motor

2 INCORRECT
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
A) found only in the brain.
B) a neurotransmitter.
C) nutritional and cushioning.
D) contained within the dendrites.

3 INCORRECT
Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of
A) the grey matter of the brain and associated dendrites.
B) the membranes around the brain.
C) spinal nerves.
D) cranial nerves.
4 INCORRECT
Typical signs and symptoms of meningitis include all of these EXCEPT
A) headache.
B) painful or stiff neck.
C) fever.
D) RBCs in CSF.

5 INCORRECT
Neisseria meningitidis ("the meningococcus")
A) are Gram positive cocci.
B) is associated with epidemic forms of meningitis.
C) has no capsule.
D) is a minor cause of meningitis.

6 INCORRECT
Streptococcus pneumoniae ("the pneumococcus")
A) causes petechiae in the extremities.
B) has no effective vaccine.
C) is the most frequent cause of community-acquired meningitis.
D) is a Gram negative diplococcus.

7 CORRECT
 Pregnant women are cautioned not to eat soft, unpasteurized cheeses or meats
from delicatessens due to this organism, which can cause meningitis,
encephalitis, and septicemia in fetuses and neonates, though it causes little
problem in immunocompetent adults.
A) Listeria monocytogenes
B) Cryptococcus neoformans
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Haemophilus influenza

8 CORRECT
Naegleria fowleri can cause amoebic meningoencephalitis and
A) is very common.
B) invades broken skin and the conjunctiva of the eye.
C) has a long course of infection.
D) is of special concern to people with traumatic eye injuries.

9 INCORRECT
Postinfection encephalitis (PIE) is a condition
A) resulting from direct viral invasion.
B) resulting from previous infection with measles and other childhood rash
diseases.
C) occurring frequently after immunization with live attenuated vaccines.
D) occurring frequently after immunization with sub-unit vaccine.

10 INCORRECT
 Subacute encephalitis symptoms
A) occur primarily in neonates.
B) take longer to show and are less striking.
C) result 1-2 weeks after infection with measles or other childhood rash
diseases.
D) happen when a virus is reactivated from a dormant state.

11 INCORRECT
Toxoplasma gondii, a flagellated parasite, is common. What is it's primary
reservoir and host?
A) humans
B) insects
C) birds
D) cats

12 INCORRECT
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
A) is called a "fast virus infection."
B) occurs shortly after mumps infections.
C) is caused by indirect viral invasion of skeletal tissue.
D) currently has no treatment and no prevention.

13 INCORRECT
Prions are
A) submicroscopic bacteria.
 B) viruses.
C) proteinaceous infectious particles.
D) protozoan parasites.

14 INCORRECT
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) is found in
A) sheep.
B) cattle.
C) minks.
D) humans.

15 INCORRECT
Prions cause diseases known collectively as
A) prion-associated encephalitis.
B) spongy encephalitis.
C) transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
D) non-viral encephalopathies.

16 INCORRECT
This disease is generally fatal once symptoms have begun. Treatment must
begin immediately after exposure to prevent the course of infection.
A) CJD
B) West Nile Virus
C) toxoplasmosis
D) rabies
17 INCORRECT
Poliovirus has been around for centuries with only minor effects. Why did it
suddenly display as the more serious infantile paralysis in the 1900s?
A) It became neurotropic.
B) Vaccination programs for it began.
C) increased public sanitation
D) industrial pollution

18 INCORRECT
Rabies can manifest in three forms:
A) viral, bacterial, and aseptic.
B) furious, hydrophobic, and dumb.
C) infective, inhaled, and ingested.
D) none of the above.

19 INCORRECT
There are three major forms of botulism. Which of the following is not one of
the three major forms?
A) food-borne
B) infant
C) inhalation
D) wound
20 CORRECT
Clostridium species tend to
A) form endospores.
B) prefer aerobic conditions.
C) be found in hospitals.
D) do damage because of endotoxins.

21 INCORRECT
Trypanosoma brucei, the cause of sleeping sickness, is able to avoid immune
response by
A) capsule glycoproteins.
B) hiding in body cells.
C) living in an alternate host.
D) antigenic shifting.

22 INCORRECT
All of the following can usually be prevented by use of a vaccine EXCEPT for
A) Neisseria meningitidis.
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C) Haemophilus influenza.
D) Listeria monocytogenes.

23 CORRECT
The nervous system has no normal flora.
 A) True
B) False

24 CORRECT
Humans serve as a reservoir for meningococcal meningitis.
A) True
B) False

25 CORRECT
There appears to be a well-developed natural immunity to meningococcus in
most populations, therefore the infection rate is low.
A) True
B) False

26 INCORRECT
Currently there is no vaccine for meningococcus.
A) True
B) False

27 INCORRECT
Dried baby foods and baby formula are sterile forms of nutrients.
A) True
B) False
28
UNANSWERED An arbovirus has an insect as a vector.
A) True
B) False

29 CORRECT
No satisfactory treatment exists for any of the arboviral encephalitides.
A) True
B) False

30 INCORRECT
Tetanus is nearly always fatal.
A) True
B) False

31 CORRECT
Hydrophobia is fear of fire.
A) True
B) False
32 INCORRECT
Viral meningitis ("aseptic meningitis") is usually far more severe and deadly
than bacterial or fungal meningitis.
A) True
B) False