Sach-Writing Task 2 Ver - 1.9

Written by Ngoc Bach
Website: www.ngocbach.com
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Contents
OPINION ................................................................................................................................................... 15
1. (25/07/2015) As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. Do you agree
or disagree? ................................................................................................................................................. 16
2. (07/11/2015) Whether or not someone achieves their aims is mostly by a question of luck. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? ........................................................................................................ 21
3. (12/12/2015) People should follow the customs and traditions when people start to live in a new
country. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .................................................................................... 26
4. (19/09/2015) Everyone should become vegetarian because they do not need to eat meat to have a
healthy diet. Do you agree or disagree? ...................................................................................................... 33
5. (21/11/2015): Many people go to university for academic study. More people should be
encouraged to do vocational training because there is a lack of qualified workers such as electricians and
plumbers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .................................................................................. 38
6. (31/01/2015) Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given in the
protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree or disagree about this opinion? ................................. 43
7. (09/01/2016) It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world
history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?...................................................................................... 48
8. (23/01/2016)Although more and more people read news on the Internet, newspapers will remain
the most important source of news. Do you agree or disagree?.................................................................. 52
9. (30/01/2016) Prison is the common way in most countries to solve the problem of crime.
However, a more effective solution is to provide people with a better education. Agree or disagree. ....... 57
10. (02/04/2016) It is impossible to help all people in the world, so governments should only focus on
people in their own countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .................................................. 62
11. (16/04/2016) In the future, it seems it will be more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people
think more money should be spent on researching other planets to live, such as Mars. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this statement? ................................................................................................. 66
12. (28/5/2016) Nowadays, young people admire sports stars though they often do not set a good
example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? ........................................................... 72
13. (08/10/2016) Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some
certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women.To what extent do you agree or
disagree? ..................................................................................................................................................... 77
14. (24/09/16) Many countries use fossil fuels such as coal or oil as the main sources of energy.
However, in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy is encouraged.Do you think this a
positive or negative development? .............................................................................................................. 81

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15. (25/06/2016) Some people think it is more important for government to spend public money on
promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who
are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ........................................................................... 86
16. (22/10/16) Some people believe that people have the right to university education, and
government should make it free no matter what their financial background. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? ................................................................................................................................................. 91
17. (03/11/16)Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you
agree with this statement? .......................................................................................................................... 96
18. (19/11/16)More and more people think there is no need for printed paper newspapers. ............ 100
To what extent do you agree or disagree? ................................................................................................ 100
DISCUSS ................................................................................................................................................... 104
1. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career,
while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views ...................... 105
DISCUSS OPINION.................................................................................................................................. 109
1. (17/01/2015) Some people think that there should be some strict controls about noise. Others think
that they could just make as much noise as they want. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ........ 110
2. (18/4/2015) Some people think that schools should reward students who show the best academic
results, while others believe that it is more important to reward students who show improvements.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ....................................................................................... 114
3. (21/03/2015) Some people believe famous people's support towards international aid
organizations draws attention to problems. Others think celebrities make the problems less important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion................................................................................................ 118
4. (06/12/2014): Some people think that it is best to live in a horizontal city while others think of a
vertical city. Discuss both views and give your opinion........................................................................... 123
6. (12/07/2014) Nowadays more and more young people hold the important positions in the
government. Some people think that is a good thing while others argue that it is not suitable . Discuss
both views and give your own opinion. .................................................................................................... 132
7. (08/11/2014) Some people believe that crime is a result of social problems and poverty, others
think that crime is a result of bad persons nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ....... 136
8. (12/03/2016): Some people think that it is good for a country's culture to import foreign movies
and TV programmes. Others think that it is better to produce these locally. Discuss both views and give
your opinion. ............................................................................................................................................. 140
9. (19/03/2016) - People in the community can buy cheaper products nowadays. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?..................................................................................................................... 144

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10. (20/02/2016) Some people believe government should spend money on building train and subway
lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to
reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ..................................................... 149
11. (21/05/2016) In developing countries, children in rural communities have less access to education.
Some people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others
think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and Internet access. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion. ............................................................................................................................. 153
12. (02/06/2016) It is suggested that everyone wants to have a car, a television and a fridge. Do the
disadvantages of this development for society outweigh the advantages? ............................................... 158
13. (18/02/2016) New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages? .................................................................................................. 162
14. (05/11/16)Some people believe that living in big cities is becoming more difficult. Others believe
that it is getting easier. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ................................................. 167
15. (03/12/16)International travel has many advantages to both travellers and the country that they
visited. Do Advantages outweigh the disadvantages? .............................................................................. 171
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 177
1. (30/05/15) Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What
are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes............................................................................ 178
3. (11/4/2015) The older people who need employment have to compete with younger ones. What
problems can this create? What are some solutions? ................................................................................ 188
4. (12/9/2015) : Fewer and fewer people walk on a daily basis. What are the reasons and how to
encourage them to spend their time walking? ........................................................................................... 192
5. (27/06/2015) People today do not feel safe either at home or when they are out. What are the
causes? What are the solutions? ................................................................................................................ 197
6. (30/07/2016) The gap between the rich and the poor is increasingly wide, as rich people become
richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this situation cause? What are the solutions to
address those problems? ........................................................................................................................... 201
2 PART QUESTION .................................................................................................................................. 206
1. (07/02/2015) Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local
people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit these places? .... 207
2. (21/05/2015) Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?............................................................. 211
3. (01/08/2015: The world natural resources are being consumed at an ever-increased rate. What are
the dangers of this situation? What should we do? ................................................................................... 216
4. (05/03/2016): In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What are
the changes which have occurred? Do you think these changes are positive or negative? ....................... 222

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5. (27/02/2016):More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time in
communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work such as teaching or building houses. WhyWho
benefits more from this, the community or these young people? ............................................................. 227
6. (19/05/2016) It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subjects. What are the causes? And what will be the effects on society?. ................................... 231
7. (18/06/2016) Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not
popular in many places? How can its popularity be increased?................................................................ 236
8. (04/08/2016) In many countries, people now wear Western clothes (suits, jeans) rather than
traditional clothing. Why? Is this a positive or negative development? ................................................... 241
9. (16/07/2016) In many countries, governments are spending a large amount of money on
improving internet access. Why is it happening and do you think it is the most appropriate use of
government money? .................................................................................................................................. 247
10. (29/10/16)In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food rather than
food produced locally. Why do people buy imported food? What could be done to encourage people to
buy local food? ......................................................................................................................................... 252
11. (24/12/16)Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the
benefits of travelling for the traveler? ...................................................................................................... 256
DNG KHC ........................................................................................................................................... 261
1. (16/06/2016) Most large companies nowadays operate multi-nationally. To what extent do
multinational companies have responsibility toward local communities in which they operate? ............ 261

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GII THIU
Hi cc bn,
Mnh l Ngc Bch tc gi ca b sch IELTS Ngoc Bach cc bn ang cm trn tay.
T lc ra mt quyn sch u tin nm 2015 n nay, mnh nhn c rt nhiu phn
hi tch cc ca cc bn c gi thng bo thi IELTS t im mc tiu nh s dng
b sch. y cng l ng lc rt ln mnh tip tc ngh & cp nht cc phng php
ging dy mi gip cc bn hc tp ngy cng hiu qu hn na
Mt tin rt vui thng bo n cc bn, t thng 2/2017, cc lp hc offline hc trc tip

vi mnh s chuyn t 180 L c sang a im mi rng ri, hin i hn rt nhiu.
a ch mi : S 11B - Ngch 16 - Ng 61 Lc Trung
Cng vi a im mi, gio trnh Writing c quyn cho lp offline (ni dung son c
lp vi cc ti liu khc, cc bn tip thu mt cch tt nht bi ging trn lp ca
mnh, cng nh p dng phong cch vit ca mnh mt cch n gin hiu qu nht)
cng c ci tin v update thng xuyn, m bo ni dung lun st vi thi tht
Cc bn c th xem qua mt s hnh nh pha di v lp hc mi

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Cc bn c th follow cc knh sau update thng tin v lp hc mi khi c v nhn c
thng tin v bi ging, kinh nghim hc ting Anh , IELTS t mnh HON TON FREE
+ Website: www.ngocbach.com
+ Page: https://www.facebook.com/tuhocIelts8.0/
+ Facebook c nhn : https://www.facebook.com/nguyenngoc.bach.77
+ Group IELTS Ngoc Bach: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ieltsngocbach/
+ Mail: ieltbach1707@gmail.com
+ Knh youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/ngocbach2014

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CNH BO
Hin c mt s bn bn lu li sch ca mnh qua mail hoc qua nick facebook o,
website gi mo (Hin ti mnh ch c duy nht 1 website l ngocbach.com), hoc
dng nick o bn li di hnh thc mua chung.
Rt nhiu trng hp b la o mt tin, ngoi ra mnh xem ni dung sch cc

bn gi th phn gia sch : rt nhiu ni dung b thiu, bi vit copy t cc
trang khc trn mng khng r ngun gc (khng phi do mnh vit) cn rt nhiu
li sai chn vo gia rt kh cc bn pht hin c. Tt c cc nick bn sch
qua mail u b mnh ban nick update. Cc bn ghi l bao gi update s gi
cho cc bn qua mail nhng thc t khng phi vy. C rt nhiu bi y li
sai cc bn cp nht trn mng ri cho vo sch v ghi l bi do mnh vit v
update. Cc nick thm ch cn gi mo mail update mnh gi post ln la cc
bn khc mua
Cc bn lu l ch thiu 1,2 , hoc nu hc bi mu m ni dung cn li sai

(khng phi do mnh cng gim kho bn x vit) -> RT NGUY HIM
n lc phi thi li (mt 4tr7) th khng nhng khng tit kim c tin m
cn nh hng nghim trng n trnh ting Anh ca cc bn
TM LI, cc bn ch nn mua sch chnh ch t ngocbach.com lun nhn

c ni dung CHT LNG, CP NHT, ST B THI THT NHT
km s h tr TRN I t thy Ngc Bch & tr ging IELTS 8.0
Ch NG K MUA MT LN DUY NHT v a ch mail ca cc bn s nm

trong danh sch update, v yn tm lun nhn c ni dung chun, cht lng, st
thi nht nht t IELTS Ngoc Bach
Nu cc bn cha c iu kin mua, hy s dng cc ngun ti liu free trn page

tuhocielts8.0. ng v ham r m kt qu thi IELTS, nghim trng hn l trnh
ting Anh ca cc bn b nh hng
- Ngc Bch-

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GII THIU SCH
C th cc bn bit, tng im IELTS Writing c 2 cch:

+ Cch 1: Luyn cch trin khai logic, mch lc
+ Cch 2: Luyn nng cao vn t vng lin quan n ch
Cun sch ca mnh s gip cc bn nng trnh Writing bng c 2 cch mt cch
n gin v hiu qu nht c th. Ni dung ca cun sch s bao gm:
- Ton b tt c cc bi task 2 do mnh vit . u im khi cc bn tham kho cc
bi vit ca mnh l : mnh vit thng nht 1 phng php, 1 cch tip cn, b cc
on vn, cch sp xp t bi u tin n bi cui cng -> khi follow 1 phng
php cho mi bi, mi ngi s thy bt chic vit theo rt d. Nu tham kho bi
mu ca nhiu thy, c khc nhau -> d b lon v mi thy, c c 1 phng php
ring
- Cc bi vit s i km phn brainstorming hocnhn xt ca gim kho bn x
-> mi ngi hiu hng a ra cu tr li vi tng bi, cch trin khai nh
th no
- Nh thng l. cc t vng tt trong bi s c gii thch c th km v d minh
ha chi tit
- Cc bi vit u c review bi gim kho bn x m bo tt t band
9.0 (Mnh dng t " tt" bi cc gim kho khc nhau c th s c quan im
chm khc nhau nht nh)

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Lu :
- Nu c, cc bn c th tham gia kho hc Writing offline hoc online ca mnh
(xem thng tin trn trang ngocbach.com) c mnh trc tip ging dy, hiu
k lng v phong cch vit, cch tip cn ca mnh vi tng dng cu hi -> p
dng phng php vit trong sch ca mnh 1 cch hiu qu nht
- Mt s bi (thng l bi kh) c dch ch l dch mi ngi hiu bi vit
c d dng hn. Mnh nh mt hc sinh ca mnh thc hin phn ny mi
ngi tham kho.
- Vit ielts task 2, mi ngi KHNG cn phi a ra sng to hay c sc,
a ra ch cn lin quan n cu hi bi, dng t vng tt din t cc
l ok. Vi mi bi, mnh lun c gng chn ra hng n gin nht a ra cu
tr li (khng cn s dng kin thc x hi phc tp) -> d hc hn.
Hy vng cun sch s l mt ti liu tham kho tt gip mi ngi t mc tiu

IELTS Writing nhanh chng v hiu qu !
Cm n mi ngi rt nhiu !
-Ngc Bch-

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HNG DN S DNG SCH
Sch "p n tham kho IELTS Writing task 2 by Ngoc Bach", mnh p dng
phng php mi do mnh sng to hng dn mi ngi vit IELTS Task 2
theo phong cch n gin, mch lc mt cch d dng, hiu qu nht. Mi ngi
c th s dng sch theo gi ca mnh nh sau:
+ Bc 1: Ra hng photo in sch. Bn c th ng gy xon, nu v sau mnh
gi update b sung cc bi mi th bn b sung vo tin hn
+ Bc 2: Vi mi dng bi v d "Opinion" "Discuss"..., bn nn c hng dn
vit chung mi dng trc. Nu bn no hc lp offline hoc lp online ca
mnh cc bn s thy ton b sch mnh vit ging ht nh nhng g mnh hng
dn cc bn trn lp, nn follow theo rt d
+ Bc 3: Vi mi bi mu cc bn hc nh sau:
1) Chp bi ra giy. Khng nhn vo p n ca mnh t gch chn t kha, ln
dn : M bi nh vit g ? Thn bi nh vit g ? Kt lun vit g ?
2) So snh vi phn "Planning the ideas" ca mnh(Lu : mt vi bi n gin,
hoc c gim kho gii thch rt k ri s khng c phn "planning the ideas)
3) Da vo phn "Planning the ideas" ca mnh -> t vit 1 bi hon chnh. (Phn
Planning the ideas ny cc gn nh thnh cu hon chnh nn vic ghp vo
kh d dng)
4) So snh vi bi mu ca mnh. Xem bn cn thiu st phn g. Mt s bi kh
s c nhn xt thm ca gim kho -> c hiu bi hn
5) Hc thuc cc cm t tt c gii thch sau mi bi.
Chc chn vi 3 bc hc nh vy, trnh Writing ca mi ngi s tin b cc
nhanh. S rt tt nu mi ngi hc 1 kha Writing (offline hoc online) ca
mnh. Mi ngi s thy hiu v "thm" phng php mnh vit hn rt rt nhiu.
Chc mi ngi hc tt v mnh ch mail thng bo kt qu tt ca cc bn ^^

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OPINION
1) "HON TON" NG (HOC KHNG NG )

M bi:
+ Nu ch ca bi vit
+ Nu quan im ca bn (ng hoc l khng ng ) hon ton
Thn bi 1: First reason gii thch cho gim kho ti sao quan im ca bn
ng
Thn bi 2: Second reason gii thch cho gim kho ti sao quan im ca bn
ng
Kt lun: nhc li quan im ca bn (ch paraphrase li ton b cu 2 phn
m bi )
2) NG "MT PHN"
M bi:
+ Nu ch ca bi vit
+ Nu quan im ca bn l ng mt phn
Thn bi 1: Mt mt, bn ng v
Thn bi 2: Mt khc, bn khng ng v.
Kt lun: nhc li quan im ca bn l ng mt phn

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1. (25/07/2015) As well as making money, businesses also have social
responsibilities. Do you agree or disagree?
I have indicated the key words in the task question in red colour
Note for students: in each main paragraph, the topic sentence is followed by the
sentences which develop from plan to paragraph. The number in the plan is
shown in the paragraph. This is how your plan can develop into your paragraph.
Planning the ideas
Based on our identification of the key words, our plan will be something like this:
Introduce ideas: People have different opinions. I think that businesses have to
make money but I agree that they should also have social responsibilities.
Paragraph 2: [importance of making money]
[1] If companies make money, they pay more taxes. Governments can use these
taxes to spend on hospitals, schools......
[2] Businesses which make money can expand provide more jobs.
Paragraph 3: [importance of social responsibilities]
[1] Businesses must not harm the environment examples: global warming from
factory emissions, responsible disposal of waste.
[2] Businesses which make profits should put money back into the community
through charity and financing scholarships examples: Unilever and Vinamilk.
Conclusion: repeat using some different words.
ANSWER:
The idea that, besides making money, enterprises also need to have public
responsibilities remains a source of controversy. In my opinion, while generating
profit is the top priority for each company, I agree thatthey should also conduct
their business in a socially responsible manner.

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On the one hand, the efforts of companies to maximise their profits may have some
benefits for society as a whole. [1] Firstly, the higher the profits earned by
enterprises, the more taxes they pay to the government. As a result, authorities
may have more revenue to spend in key fields, including education and health care,
which leads to an improvement in the quality of life of the whole community. [2]
Secondly, by earning huge profits companies have the opportunity to grow their
business. For example, firms could use their capital to expand their production,
creating new job opportunities within the community.
On the other hand, there are strong reasons why businesses should also accept that
they have social responsibilities. [1] The first reason is that their activities have an
effect on the environment. Without controls, production processes may result in
serious environmental degradation, such as global warming stemming from factory
emissions or the irresponsible disposal of industrial waste. For example, if
factories installed waste treatment systems instead of discharging chemical wastes
into rivers, water pollution could be controlled. [2] Another reason is that
enterprises should help those who are less fortunate, since they have the money to
do so. For example, big corporations such as Unilever and Vinamilk have
enhanced their public image through philanthropic actions such as providing
scholarships and giving charitable donations.
In conclusion, although I recognise that making profits is the fundamental principle

of business, I would argue that all businesses should profoundly reflect upon their
social responsibilities.
290 words
COMMENT

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You answered the task question fully, Bach. You related the success of business to the
generation of more tax revenues for governments to spend. This developed your argument fully.
The second point : if businesses make big profits, they can re-invest, expand and create more
jobs. This would illustrate a link between making profits and social responsibility and develop
your argument fully.
The arguments in the rest of the essay were well explained and supported with a relevant
example. I understood your position throughout and you expressed it consistently. Thorough
planning to produce a logical and clear essay structure is always a feature of your writing. Your
topic sentences enabled me to understand immediately the main idea in each paragraph. You
then helped me to identify each of your points immediately by using Firstly/Secondly/The first
reason is that/Another reason is that/ Of course, I always find that the structure of Idea-Explain-
sometimes Example which you used here is very effective. You applied this structure
consistently, which led to a very organised discussion of what could be a very abstract and
unstructured essay in less skilled hands.
I have read the essay again carefully. I am satisfied with it in every respect and I would argue
strongly that it is a band 9 model answer
Dch i
(25/07/2015) Cng ging nh vic kim tin, cc doanh nghip cn phi c
trch nhim i vi x hi. Bn c ng hay khng?
P N:
kin cho rng bn cnh vic kim tin, cc doanh nghip cng cn phi c ngha
v i vi cng ng vn ang l vn tranh ci. Theo ti trong khi vic to ra
li nhun l u tin hng u i vi mi cng ty, h cng nn iu hnh cng
vic kinh doanh mt cch c trch nhim i vi x hi.
Mt mt, nhng n lc ca cc doanh nghip ti a ho li nhun c th mang
n mt s li ch cho ton x hi. Th nht, li nhun m cc doanh nghip t
c cng cao th h cng tr nhiu thu cho chnh ph. Nh , cc nh chc
trch c ngun thu chi cho cc lnh vc thit yu bao gm gio dc v sc kho,
hng ti nng cao cht lng cuc sng ton x hi. Th hai, nh vic kim c

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ngun li nhun di do, cc cng ty c thm c hi pht trin cng vic kinh
doanh. V d nh cc doanh nghip c th dng ngun vn m rng sn xut,
to thm c hi vic lm cho x hi.
Mt khc, c nhiu l do quan trng gii thch ti sao cc doanh nghip nn tha
nhn vic c trch nhim vi x hi. L do u tin l nhng hot ng ca h
gy tc ng n mi trng. Khi khng c kim sot, cc hot ng sn xut
c th gy hu hoi mi trng nghim trng, nh l s nng ln ton cu bt
ngun t kh thi nh my hoc vic x l rc thi cng nghip thiu trch nhim.
V d, nu cc nh my u lp t h thng x l rc thi thay v x cht thi ho
hc ra sng ngi th vic nhim ngun nc c th c kim sot. L do tip
theo l cc doanh nghip nn gip cc doanh nghip km may mn hn bi
h c tin thc hin iu ny. V d, nhng cng ty ln nh Unilever hay
Vinamilk nng cao hnh nh trong mt cng chng bng cc hot ng nhn o
nh cp hc bng hay quyn gp t thin.
Tm li, mc d ti nhn thy to ra li nhun l nguyn tc c bn ca kinh
doanh, ti vn cho rng cc doanh nghip nn suy ngm mt cch su sc v trch
nhim vi x hi.
VOCABULARY
to generate(to ra) = to produce or create something. We use it to talk
about generating electricity as well as generating profits.
to maximise(ti a ho)= to increase something, such as profits, as much as
possible. So, for instance we might maximise our chances of passing IELTS by
studying as much as possible.
enterprises, companies, businesses, corporations and firms(cng ty,
doanh nghip) = are all used in this essay as different words which have almost
the same meaning.

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degradation(s hu hoi) = this describes a process in which something
becomes worse or is damaged. The term environmental degradation is a common
word combination to describe what happens when land, rivers or the sea become
polluted or damaged in some way.
revenue(ngun thu) = the money that the government receives from taxes
and it can then spend this revenue on whatever priorities it has.
priority (tin quyt, u tin)= a priority is something which you think is
more important than other things and should therefore receive attention first. So,
for companies, making money is the priority, it is the most important thing.
global warming (s nng ln ton cu)= is the increase in temperature of
the atmosphere of the Earth, and factories contribute to this by releasing some
gases into the atmosphere.
stemming from (bt ngun t)= this means to be the result of something.
In the essay, global warming stems from [or is the result of] factory emissions.
emissions (kh thi)= these are simply gases that are sent out into the
atmosphere in this case by factories. We can also talk about car emissions and
again cars send out gases into the air, increasing pollution.
irresponsible (v trch nhim)= is the opposite of responsible. It is useful
to know some prefixes like this, examiners notice them when scoring for lexical
resource in the exam.
disposal (x (rc thi))= is the act of throwing something away or getting
rid of something. We often refer to waste disposal.
waste (rc thi)= is another word for rubbish or garbage in American
English. In this essay, the materials that are not wanted by factories are thrown
away they are waste.
install (lp t)= to install something is to fix it into a position where it can
be used. So, a system to deal with waste and to make it safe can be installed, or
put into position in order to be used.

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to discharge(x (rc) ra sng ngi)= to make something go into the sea or a
river. It is usually something which is waste, or not needed, for example as a result
of industrial production.
philanthropic actions (hot ng t thin, nhn o)= are actions that
help poor people, especially by giving them money.
charitable donations(quyn gp t thin) = money given to organizations
which help poor people or people in need of help.
fundamental principles (nguyn tc cn bn)= are the basic ideas on
which a company carries out its business, in this essay this is the idea that the
function of the company is to make profits.
2. (07/11/2015) Whether or not someone achieves their aims is mostly by a

question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: While some people think that they have to be lucky to achieve
their aims, I completely disagree.
Paragraph 2: [people who work hard achieve success]
[1] 1st example: Steve Jobs his work to make Apple a huge success.
[2] 2nd example: Nick Vujicic his disabilities studied hard to gain degrees,
travels the world inspiring others by his example.
Paragraph 3: [success does not depend on luck]
[1] students who hope to be lucky in the exams and do not study will probably
fail.
[2] people may be lucky occasionally, but if they rely on luck throughout their
lives they will almost certainly be disappointed.

Page 21
ANSWER:
It is argued that some peoples success is mostly attributable to luck instead of
their own hard work. However, I completely disagree with this opinion.
I believe that only determined and industrious people will be successful in

whatever they do. Hard-working people usually attain their goals. For instance,
Steve Jobs spent thousands of hours coding and experimenting to bring out the
great Macintosh operating system that we use nowadays. Another clear case of
success through determination is Nick Vujicic, an Australian motivational
speaker, who sufferedfrom a rare disorder which resulted in the absence of four
limbs. Despite not having any hands or legs, Vujicic earned a bachelor degree with
a double major in accountancy and financial planning; he had his own family, and
now he travels around the world to inspire people as a motivational speaker.
On the other hand, by contrast, luck is only a small factor in determining ones
achievement. Firstly, people cannot solely be dependent on luck to become
successful. If a student does not study for an exam, chances are he or she will fail,
no matter how lucky he or she may be. Secondly, luck only contributes to short-
term fortune. For instance, a person who wins a lottery is definitely lucky because
winning a lottery does not require you to do anything to earn it. It purely depends
on luck; yet, he or she cannot win the lottery for the rest of his or her life.
In conclusion, for the reasons I have mentioned above, I strongly believe that in
order to achieve objectives in life, one must be extremely determined and hard-
working to follow his or her passion till the end.
278 words
COMMENT

Page 22
Bach,
This is another of your essays that I am very satisfied with. This time, therefore, I have not
suggested any amendments at all .
Notice, Bach, how effectively you based your paragraph 2 on examples which you know. These
gave you enough material for a full paragraph. You had one big idea people who work hard
achieve their goals. Your topic sentence told me this idea. The examples were used expertly to
develop and support the idea. So, when students are struggling to think of arguments, one or two
relevant examples can make a very good paragraph
This essay should score band 9 for task response. I liked the clear and consistent statement of
your strong view and the way in which you developed the justification for your opinion.
Your paragraph 2 is all about the value of determination and industry in order to achieve the
objectives that we set in life. I will say more about this paragraph in the next section of the
marking criteria. The good point to make here is that you fully explained this argument and you
developed and supported it with two relevant examples. The examples, in fact, were absolutely
vital to your defence of the need to work hard and never quit. [I have learnt about Vujicic from
you, and researched more of his ideas on the Internet thanks, Bach. He is an inspirational
man in many ways].
Paragraph 3 then dealt with another essential aspect of the task, the role of luck. You make two
points luck is clearly not enough to achieve things like passing exams, for example. Secondly,
luck is rarely repeated as indicated by your example of the lottery winner.
Dch i
(07/11/2015) Con ngi liu c th t c mc tiu ca mnh m ch da
phn ln vo s may mn. Anh/ch ng hay khng v nh th no?
P N:
C kin cho rng thnh cng ca mt s ngi a phn do may mn thay v n
lc ca chnh h. Tuy nhin, ti hon ton khng ng vi quan im ny.
Ti tin rng ch nhng con ngi quyt tm v cn mn mi thnh cng trong mi
vic. Ngi chm ch thng t c nhng mc tiu ca mnh. V d, Steve Jobs
dnh ra hng ngn gi ng h m ho v nghin cu to ra h iu hnh
Macintosh tuyt vi m chng ta ang s dng hin nay. Mt cu chuyn thnh

Page 23
cng r rng na nh lng quyt tm l Nick Vujicic, mt din gi truyn cm
hng ngi c, anh y phi phi chu ng mt cn bnh him gp khin cho
c th mt i t chi. Bt chp vic khng cn chn tay, Vujicic vn tt nghip i
hc vi tm bng kp chuyn ngnh k ton v ti chnh; anh y lp gia nh v
hin ang chu du vng quanh th gii thuyt ging v truyn cm hng cho mi
ngi.
Mt khc, s may mn tri li ch l mt yu t nh quyt nh s thnh cng.
Trc ht, ngi ta khng th ch da vo may mn tr nn thnh cng. Nu
mt sinh vin khng hc bi chun b cho k thi, sinh vin s trt d cho c
may mn th no. Th hai, may mn ch c ngha trong mt vi thi im. V d
nh vic trng x s hon ton l nh vo may mn bi iu ny khng i hi bt
c cng sc g. iu ny hon ton da vo may mn, tuy nhin ngi khng
th trng x s c cuc i cn li.
Tm li, vi tt c nhng l do ti nu trn, ti hon ton tin tng rng
t c nhng mc tiu trong cuc sng, ngi ta phi v cng quyt tm v
chm ch theo ui am m n cng.
VOCABULARY
attributable (do) [adjective] caused by the thing mentioned. In this context,
success is the result of luck.
Example: Obesity is attributable to a poor diet and a lack of exercise.
industrious(chm ch, bn rn)[adjective] hard-working, busy.
Example: Steve Jobs worked with a team of industrious people to develop
Apple.
attain (t c)[verb] We often use this verb with attain a goal/an
ambition/an objective. It means to succeed in getting something, usually after a
lot of effort.

Page 24
Example: The university only considers students who have attained high marks in
the entrance exams.
code (m ha)[verb] to write a computer program by putting one system of
numbers, words and symbols into another system.
Example: Coding information into numbers and symbols requires advanced
computer skills.
motivational (truyn cm hng, to ng lc)[adjective] making
somebody want to do something, especially something which requires a lot of
effort.
Example: Many celebrities are not motivational speakers, however, it is their
talents which inspire people rather than their words.
suffer from (chu ng) [phrasal verb] to be badly affected by a disease,
pain, sadness or a lack of something.
Example: In cities with a lot of air pollution, many people suffer from health
problems.
disorder (cn bnh)[noun] an illness that causes a part of the body to stop
functioning properly.
Example: He suffers from a rare disorder of the liver, so many doctors had not
seen a case like this before.
limbs (t chi, chn tay)[noun] arms and legs.
Example: After the car accident, she lost the use of her limbs; now, however, she
can walk and use her hands normally.
accountancy (k ton)[noun] the profession of an accountant, dealing with
figures for tax or other purposes.
Example: A degree in mathematics in essential for a career in accountancy.
dependent (ph thuc)[adjective] needing something in order to survive or
to be successful.
Example: You cant be dependent on your parents all your life.

Page 25
lottery (x s) [noun] a way of raising money by selling tickets. The tickets
have numbers on them which people have chosen. Numbers are chosen by chance
and the people with those numbers win prizes.
Example: I always go to the shop every week to buy lottery tickets, but I never
win.
purely (hon ton)[adverb] completely, entirely, only.
Example: The organisation depends purely on contributions from the public, it
does not make any profits.
passion (am m)[noun] a very strong interest in something and enthusiasm
for it.
Example: A passion for computer technology drove Steve Jobs to overcome many
problems.
3. (12/12/2015) People should follow the customs and traditions when

people start to live in a new country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
VERSION 1
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: many people hold this opinion. I completely agree with it.
Paragraph 2: [Problems if local customs are not followed]
[1] Difficulties for new residents who do not follow customs and traditions of host
country example: if they start a business, they have to know local business
customs in order to be successful.
[2] Some actions will be illegal in the host country and will make local people
angry, too example: Singapore.
Paragraph 3: [Benefits of following local customs and traditions]
[1] Local people will accept newcomers who do this more integration, easier to
make friends.

Page 26
[2] New immigrants will enjoy the traditions and be able to take part in
community life example: enjoy festivals.
Conclusion: repeat, using some different words.
ANSWER:
Many people argue that foreigners should adapt to the local customs and traditions
when they come to reside in a new country. I completely agree with this view.
Newcomers will certainly face difficulties if they do not conform to the norms of
social behaviour in the host country. Firstly, it will become almost impossible for
them to blend into their new environment. For example, an entrepreneur who
comes to live in a new country and starts up a business must be aware of the
business practices of that country. There are bound to be many pitfalls, not only
legal ones but also simply in terms of winning and keeping customers. Secondly,
recent immigrants might fall foul of the law if they do not respect the behaviour
and customs of locals. In Singapore, for instance, residents will consider
newcomers dirty and ill-mannered if they litter the street or spit gum in public
places.
There are also many benefits for foreigners when they do adopt the customs and
traditions of their new country of residence. One advantage is that local people
will be more welcoming when they feel that the newcomers are showing respect
for the local way of life. The establishment of closer links with the host
community might lead to greater integration and mutual understanding. Another
benefit is the richness of the experience which newcomers will gain from enjoying
aspects of local customs and traditions, enabling them to participate in community
life and avoid social isolation. During festivals and national holidays, especially,
they will feel like they belong in their new country.

Page 27
In conclusion, I would argue that it is essential for new residents to follow the
traditions and habits of locals in the host community in order to integrate fully into
society.
293 words
COMMENT
The idea is this: Opinion completely agree. Paragraph 2 pitfalls for foreigners if they do
NOT follow local customs and traditions. Paragraph 3 benefits if foreigners DO follow local
customs and traditions.
Dch i
(12/12/2015) Mi ngi nn tun theo phong tc tp qun khi h bt u sng
mt t nc khc. Anh/ch ng hay khng v nh th no vi quan
im ny?
P N:
Nhiu ngi cho rng ngi nc ngoi nn thch nghi vi phong tc tp qun ca
a phng khi h ti c tr mt quc gia khc. Ti hon ton ng tnh vi
quan im ny.
Nhng ngi mi n s buc phi i mt vi nhng kh khn nu nh h khng
tun theo cc quy tc hnh x trong x hi ca nc s ti. Trc ht, h s khng
th ho nhp vi mi trng mi. V d, mt doanh nhn n sng nc ngoi
v khi nghip kinh doanh buc phi ch tm n cc thng l kinh doanh ca
nc . C rt nhiu ri ro, khng ch v lut php m n gin l vic li ko v
gi chn khch hng. Th hai, ngi mi n c th phm php nu h khng tn
trng li sng v phong tc ca ngi dn bn a. V d nh ti Singapore, nhng
ngi ta s b coi l bn thu v th l nu x rc ra ng hoc nh ko cao su ni
cng cng.

Page 28
C rt nhiu li ch i vi ngi nc ngoi khi h chp nhn quen vi phong tc
tp qun ca t nc h ang c tr. Mt im li l dn a phng s tr
nn hiu khch hn khi h cm thy ngi mi n ang t ra tn trng vi li
sng ca a phng. Vic hnh thnh cc mi lin kt cht ch vi cng ng a
phng s dn dn hi nhp su hn v hiu bit ln nhau. Mt im tt na l
nhng kinh nghim di do m ngi mi n c c t vic nm tri cc kha
cnh khc nhau ca phong tc tp qun a phng s khin cho h gia nhp vo
i sng cng ng v trnh vic b c lp vi x hi. Trong cc dp l hi cng
nh cc ngy l ca quc gia, h s c bit cm thy mnh thuc v t nc
mi ny.
Tm li, ti cho rng vic ngi nc ngoi c tr tun theo phong tc tp qun
ca a phng nc s ti l iu thit yu c th hi nhp hon ton vi x
hi.
VOCABULARY
the norms of social behavior (quy tc hnh x x hi): standards of
behaviour that are typical of and accepted within society.
Example: The norms of social behaviour in Muslim countries include not
drinking alcohol in public places.
host country(nc s ti): a country which receives visitors or new
residents.
Example: Refugees who escape from war zones often face difficulties in a new
host country.
blend into(ho nhp):to look very similar to the surrounding people or
things, so that it is difficult to distinguish what is new.
Example: Wearing the same clothes as local people, they blended into the crowd
of people waiting to enter the cinema.

Page 29
an entrepreneur(doanh nhn):a person who makes money by starting or
running a business.
Example: A few famous entrepreneurs have started by running a small business,
selling things in the street.
bound to (be)(chc chn, c kh nng): certain, or likely, to be.
Example: When you start a new business, there are bound to be risks.
pitfalls(ri ro):a hidden danger or difficulty, which it is not easy or possible
to see at first.
Example: When you buy a car, go with a mechanic to avoid any pitfalls which
will cause problems later.
fall foul of the law(phm php): to get into trouble with the police because
you are doing something illegal.
Example: In most countries, if you drink and drive, you will fall foul of the law.
newcomers(ngi mi n): a person who has only recently arrived in a
place.
Example: Australia is a friendly country, where newcomers and older residents
mix well.
integration(nhp c): the process of mixing people who have previously
been separated.
Example: The aim of the European Community is the integration of the people of
many different countries to cooperate economically and politically.
mutual understanding(hiu bit ln nhau):the feelings which two or more
people share equally.
Example: If newcomers live in separate communities, they will never achieve
mutual understanding with residents of the host country.
social isolation(s c lp trong x hi): the state of being alone in society.
Example: Some elderly people experience social isolation, unless they have good
friends or a loving family.

Page 30
belong(thuc v): to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation
or with a particular group of people.
Example: A newcomer who learns the language of the host country is more likely
to feel that he/she belongs in the new community.
VERSION 2
Many people argue that foreigners should observe the local customs and traditions
when they come to reside in a new country. I completely agree with this view.
There are important reasons why people should follow the customs when they
settle in a foreign country. Firstly, if newcomers behave according to the local
norms, the resident population will accept them much more readily, they will make
friends more easily and they will earn respect. For example, an entrepreneur who
comes to live in a new country and starts up a business must be aware of the
business practices of that country. There are bound to be many pitfalls, not only
legal ones but also simply in terms of winning and keeping customers by observing
the local way of doing business.Secondly, recent immigrants are likely to be
shunned if they upset local sensibilities. In Singapore, for instance, residents will
consider them dirty and ill-mannered if they litter the street or spit gum in public
places.
In their adopted homeland, newcomers should also adopt the traditions which local
people observe. The principal benefit is the richness of the experience which new
residents will gain from enjoying aspects of local traditions, enabling them to
participate in community life and avoid social isolation. During festivals and
national holidays, especially, they will feel like they belong in their new country.
For example, Chinese people in the UK not only celebrate Chinese New Year, but

Page 31
they often attend the local New Year celebrations and fireworks in London and
other major cities.
In conclusion, I would certainly argue that people who settle in a new country
should follow local customs and embrace the traditions which local people
observe.
281 words
COMMENT
The idea is this: Opinion completely agree. Paragraph 2 the reasons why people should
follow the customs when they settle in a foreign country. Paragraph 3 the reasons why people
who go to live in another country should adopt the traditions
Dch i
P N
Nhiu ngi cho rng ngi nc ngoi nn lm theo phong tc tp qun a
phng khi h n c tr ti mt quc gia khc. Ti hon ton ng vi quan
im ny.
C nhiu nguyn nhn quan trng ngi ta tun theo phong tc khi h lp
nghip nc ngoi. Trc tin, nu ngi mi n hnh x theo li sng ca a
phng, ngi dn s d dng chp nhn h, h s kt bn nhanh chng v nhn
c s tn trng. V d mt doanh nhn n sng mt t nc khc v khi
nghip buc phi ch tm n cc thng l kinh doanh ca t nc . C rt
nhiu kh khn cm by, khng ch lin quan n lut php m n gin ch l li
ko v gi chn khch hng bng vic tun theo cc cch lm n kinh doanh ca
a phng. Th hai, ngi mi nhp c s rt c th b xa lnh nu lm cho dn
a phng khng hi lng. V d nh ti Singapore, ngi dn s coi h tht bn
thu v th l nu h x rc ra ng hoc nh ko cao su ni cng cng.

Page 32
t nc m h chn sinh sng, ngi mi n nn quen vi tp qun m dn
a phng tun theo. Li ch ch yu l nhng kinh nghim di do m ngi
mi n c c n t vic nm tri cc kha cnh ca tp qun a phng,
khin h c th gia nhp vo i sng cng ng v trnh vic b x hi c lp.
Trong cc dp l hi cng nh ngy l quc gia, h s c bit cm thy mnh
thuc v t nc mi ny. V d nh, ngi Trung Quc sng Anh khng ch
cho n Tt m lch m cn n mng Tt dng lch theo a phng v ngm
pho hoa ti London cng nh cc thnh ph ln khc.
Tm li, ti hon ton cho rng nhng ngi n lp nghip li mt quc gia nn
tun theo phong tc a phng v chp nhn nhng tp qun m ngi dn a
phng ang lm.
4. (19/09/2015) Everyone should become vegetarian because they do not

need to eat meat to have a healthy diet. Do you agree or disagree?
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: A vegetarian diet is healthier thus many people prefer it.
However, not everyone should stop eating meat in order to have good health.
Paragraph 2: [A vegetarian diet is healthy]
[1] Low in fat, high in fiber reduce risk of illnesses examples: heart disease,
diabetes.....
[2] It provides all our nutritional needs example: raw spinach. Meat is
unnecessary it is a lifestyle choice.
Paragraph 3: [Caution is required for a wholly vegetarian diet]
[1] Be careful to choose the correct balance of vegetarian food to meet energy
needs.
[2] Prepare vegetarian meals correctly cooking methods. Example: Vietnamese
traditional cooking, contrast Western culinary habits.

Page 33
ANSWER:
Many people choose to become vegetarians since a vegetarian diet is believed to
be better for the human body. Although I agree that eating only plant foods
provides us with a healthier diet, I do not believe that everyone should stop eating
meat in order to enjoy good health.
There are a variety of reasons why becoming a vegetarian is beneficial. Firstly,

science has proven that vegetarians have lower risks of developing several chronic
illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, some forms of cancer and obesity. This is
due to the fact that a healthy vegetarian diet is typically low in fat and high in fiber.
Secondly, eating vegetables properly gives us adequate nutrition to support our
bodies. For example, raw spinach is a great source of Vitamins A, K, E as well as
calcium. As a result, instead of eating many kinds of food to get these vitamins, we
only need a bowl of spinach.
However, there are some disadvantages to take into consideration before

becoming a vegetarian. Perhaps the principal one is that if a vegetarians daily
meals are not properly balanced, he or she might suffer from a lack of calories to
meet his or her energy needs. Consequently, they will feel lethargic and unable to
do anything energetic. In addition, food which is eaten raw, steamed or stir-fried
retains more vitamins and minerals than that which is boiled in water or deep-fried.
Thus, culinary traditions such as those in Vietnam are the most advisable ones to
follow in preparing vegetarian meals. Vegetarians brought up using Western
cooking methods should, therefore, either change their cooking style or else adopt
a non-vegetarian diet.

Page 34
In conclusion, although healthy, a vegetarian diet is not for everyone and it
requires care in the choice of foods and preparation of meals.
COMMENT
You linked sentences and developed ideas in such a way that it attracts no attention. logical
paragraphing and sequencing of ideas and information; a clear central topic in each paragraph,
indicated clearly and concisely by your topic sentences; the use of a variety of appropriate
linking words, avoiding their over-use.
Dch i
(19/09/2015) Mi ngi nn n chay bi v c ch n ung tt cho sc
kho ngi ta khng cn thit phi n tht. Anh/ ch c ng hay khng?
P N:
Nhiu ngi quyt nh n chay v ch n chay c cho l tt hn i vi c
th con ngi. Mc d ti ng rng thc n c ngun gc thc vt cung cp cho
chng ta ch n ung lnh mnh hn, ti khng cho rng mi ngi nn ngng
n tht c c sc kho tt.
C nhiu l do khc nhau gii thch ti sao n chay li c li. Trc ht, khoa hc
chng minh rng ngi n chay c nguy c mc cc bnh mn tnh nh bnh
tim mch, tiu ng, mt s dng ung th v bo ph thp hn. C c iu ny
l nh trn thc t mt ch n chay lnh mnh thng t cht bo v giu cht
x. Th hai, vic n nhiu rau c cung cp cho chng ta dinh dng y h
tr cho c th. V d, rau bina ti l mt ngun vitamin A, K, E cng nh canxi
v cng di do. Do , thay v n rt nhiu loi thc phm hp thu nhng
vitamin ny, chng ta ch cn mt bt rau bina l .
Tuy nhin, c mt vi nhc im cn xem xt trc khi n chay. C l iu u
tin l nhng ba n chay hng ngy khng thc s cn bng, ngi n chay c
th b thiu calo p ng nhng nhu cu nng lng cn thit. Do vy, h s
cm thy mt mi v khng th hot ng mnh. Thm vo , thc phm n sng,

Page 35
hp hay xo gi c nhiu vitamin v khong cht hn l luc v rn. Do ,
cch nu nng truyn thng nh Vit Nam c khuyn khch nn p dng cho
vic ch bin cc mn n chay. Nhng ngi n chay s dng phng php nu
nng kiu phng Ty do vy nn thay i cch thc nu n hoc chp nhn mt
ch n n ung khc.
Tm li, ch n chay mc d c li cho sc kho nhng khng phi ai cng ph
hp v n i hi cn phi cn thn trong vic la chn thc phm cng nh cch
ch bin mn n.
VOCABULARY
a vegetarian diet (ch n chay): a diet without meat or fish.
Become (tr nn): this is different from turn into, which is used when
something changes its form: The princess kissed the frog and it turned into a
prince.
a balanced diet: see vocabulary below.
Energetic (mnh, nng ng): the examiner is often impressed by your
ability to use energy/energetic or other noun/adjective/adverb/verb vocabulary. In
the same way, the examiner is impressed by your knowledge and use of suffixes
and prefixes.
the human body (c th con ngi):the entire structure of all human beings
is referred to commonly as the human body, even though we are referring to all
humans.
plant foods (thc phm t thc vt): these simply refer to a number of
types of food which are obtained from plants. According to one website: plant
foods are rich in antioxidants and provide a wide spectrum of vitamins, minerals,
and other health-promoting nutrients.
chronic illnesses (bnh mn tnh): this is an illness which lasts for a long
time and is difficult to cure.

Page 36
For example: A high percentage of old people who live in Scotland suffer from
chronic arthritis.
Diabetes (tiu ng): this is a chronic illness which makes the patient
produce a lot of urine and feel thirsty.
For example: Some people who suffer from diabetes have to take medicine every
day.
Obesity (bo ph): the fact of being very fat, in an unhealthy way.
For example: Obesity can increase the risk of heart disease.
high in fiber (giu cht x): types of food which have a lot of fiber move
other foods quickly through the human body.
For example: Dried fruits contain a lot of fiber/Dried fruits are high in fiber.
raw spinach (rau bina ti, sng): this is a type of green vegetable which
is often eaten raw = uncooked.
For example: My weekly diet always includes some raw spinach.
a source of (ngun): a person, place or thing that you get something from.
In this sentence, spinach is the plant from which you get these minerals.
becoming a vegetarian (bt u n chay): starting to be a vegetarian.
Balanced (cn bng): having different types of things in the correct
amounts. So, in this sentence a vegetarian diet must have different types of food in
the right quantities to ensure good health.
For example: Healthy eating habits depend on a person having a balanced diet.
Steamed (hp): food which is steamed is cooked in the vapour which is
produced when water boils. So, the food is not in contact with the boiling water
and it keeps more minerals and vitamins.
For example: One of my favourite meals is steamed fish.
stir-fried and deep-fried (xo, rn): when food is stir-fried, it is cooked
very quickly in a little oil in a shallow cooking pan, called a wok in China. In

Page 37
contrast, deep-fried food, such as chips, means that the food is completely covered
by oil in a deep pan and the cooking time is longer.
adopt a non-vegetarian diet (s dng mt ch n ung khc): to use a
different type of diet. We usually use it in the sense of to adopt a child = to take
someones child into your family and become its legal parents.
5. (21/11/2015): Many people go to university for academic study. More

people should be encouraged to do vocational training because there is a lack
of qualified workers such as electricians and plumbers. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Planning the ideas

Introduce idea: many young people study academic subjects at university. This
is necessary, but more vocational training is also needed.
Paragraph 2: two reasons why more vocationally-trained workers are required:
[1] electricians, plumbers and other trades are vital when buildings are constructed
or need maintenance example: schools, hospitals, museums safety of public
buildings in general.
[2] too many academic graduates in some countries resulting in graduate
unemployment.
Paragraph 3: more vocational training must be provided to meet societys needs.
[1] schools must make changes in the curriculum and provide workshops to teach
practical skills.
[2] parents should encourage their children to consider learning a skilled trade as a
good alternative to university, with good job prospects when they qualify.

Page 38
ANSWER:
It is true that many people prefer to pursue academic studies at university rather
than to follow a vocational training course. While nobody can deny the need for
university graduates, I totally agree that we should encourage more people to
qualify as electricians, plumbers or other essential manual workers.
There are two important reasons why more workers must be trained in skilled
professions such as plumbing or electrical work. Firstly, such workers are vital
when new buildings are constructed or when existing buildings have to be
renovated or simply maintained. Indeed, in many countries, a permanent
maintenance staff of skilled tradesmen is employed in hospitals, schools or
museums, ensuring the safety of all who use the buildings. Secondly, in some
developed countries, there is an existing imbalance in the economy, resulting in
graduate unemployment, while at the same time there is a shortage of skilled
labour. Governments in those countries need, therefore, to work with employers to
ensure that extra vocational training is provided.
More people must be encouraged to attend vocational training courses. [1] The
onus is on schools to incorporate relevant subjects into the curriculum, so that not
all the emphasis is placed on preparation for academic study at university. Many
boys and girls are not academically inclined, but this does not mean that schools
should consider them as failures. For example, workshops in schools could
provide an opportunity to learn hands-on skills, adapting the theory of the physics
lessons to practical applications. [2] Parents should also help their children to
choose vocational careers, explaining the good employment prospects and
remuneration for manual workers with qualifications and skills

Page 39
In conclusion, I agree that it is vital that we encourage more people to do
vocational training because without such skilled workers, society cannot function
effectively.
279 words
Dch i
(21/11/2015): C nhiu ngi hc i hc nghin cu v hc tp. Cn
khuyn khch nhiu ngi hn na i hc ngh bi hin ta ang thiu nhng
ngi th lnh ngh nh th in hay th sa ng nc. Bn ng hay
khng v nh th no?
P N:
Thc t l c nhiu ngi mun theo ui con ng hc tp trng i hc hn
l theo hc mt kho o to ngh. Trong khi khng ai c th ph nhn nhu cu
i vi cc c nhn i hc, ti hon ton ng rng ta nn khuyn khch nhiu
ngi hc ngh hn v d nh th in, th sa ng nc hay nhng cng vic lao
ng chn tay thit yu khc.
C hai l do chnh gii thch ti sao cn nhiu lao ng c o to tay ngh
chuyn mn v d nh cng vic sa sang lp t h thng in, nc. Trc ht,
nhng ngi cng nhn lm cng vic ni trn ng vai tr thit yu khi cc to
nh mi c xy dng hoc cc to nh hin ti cn c ci to hay ch n gin
l duy tr. Thc t ti nhiu nc, mt nhn vin bo tr lm vic di hn c
tuyn trong s cc lao ng lnh ngh vo lm ti cc bnh vin, trng hc hay
vin bo tng m bo an ton cho nhng ngi sng v lm vic ti to nh.
Th hai, cc nc pht trin, s mt cn i hin ti trong nn kinh t gy nn
tnh trng tht nghip ca c nhn i hc, trong khi cc lao ng c tay ngh
chuyn mn li thiu ht. Chnh ph cc nc ni trn do cn phi lm vic
vi cc nh tuyn dng m bo vic o to ngh c yu cu thm.

Page 40
Nhiu ngi hn phi c khuyn khch n cc kha o to ngh. Nhim v
ca trng hc l kt hp cc mn hc lin quan vo chng trnh ging dy,
khng phi tt c nhn mnh vo s hc hc thut trng i hc. Nhiu c b,
cu b khng gii thin v l thuyt nhng iu khng c ngha l trng hc
nn coi h khng thnh cng. V d workshop trng c th cung cp c hi
hc cc k nng thc hnh, p dng l thuyt ca cc bi hc vt l vo ng dng
thc t. Cha m cng c th gip tr em chn ngh, gii thch cho chng trin
vng vic lm, th lao cho cng nhn lm vic chn tay vi bng cp v k nng.
Tm li, ti tn thnh vic chng ta khuyn khch mi ngi hc cc kho o to
ngh v nu thiu i nhng ngi th lnh ngh, x hi khng th vn ng mt
cch hiu qu c.
VOCABULARY
renovate(sa sang): to repair something so that it is in good condition
again.
Example: After the damage caused by the war, many houses were renovated so
that people could return to live in them.
Imbalance (thiu cn bng): a situation in which two things are not the
same size, in a way that causes problems.
Example: The government is trying to encourage more exports. Imports are much
higher at the moment, so the government is trying to correct this imbalance.
Callout(gi th sa): an occasion when someone is called to do repairs.
in all weathers(trong mi iu kin thi tit): if the weather is good or
bad.
vocational training(o to ngh): training in the skills and knowledge
that you need in order to do a particular job.
Accountant(k ton):a person whose job it is to keep or check financial
records.

Page 41
manual work(lao ng chn tay): a type of work in which you use you use
your hands and your physical strength.
white-collar jobs(cng vic vn phng): jobs in which you work in an
office.
blue-collar jobs(cng nhn): jobs in which you work in a factory or other
work site.
fulfill their dreams(thc hin c m): to do or to achieve what they
hoped to do.
Potential(tim nng): qualities that exist and can be developed.
Example: He has the potential to become a world-famous artist.
skill set(tp hp cc k nng): a persons range of abilities.
Example: If you want to be an accountant, your skill set must include an ability to
understand mathematics.
Tradesmen(th): skilled men, especially those who work with their hands
in some professions. A woman is referred to as a tradesperson.
Example: Several types of tradesmen were involved in the construction of the
ship, including engineers, metal workers and electricians.
Sanitation(thit b, h thng v sinh): the equipment and systems that keep
places clean and free from all types of waste.
Example: When sanitation is bad in a city, many diseases result.
Lift(thang my):the Americans say elevator a machine that carries
people or goods up or down to different levels in a building.
Glazier(th lp knh): a person who fits glass into windows.
hospital ward(phng bnh): a room in a hospital where patients are in bed.
Example: He worked as a nurse on the childrens ward.
operating theatre(phng phu thut): a special room in a hospital where
doctors perform operations on patients.

Page 42
6. (31/01/2015) Some people say that too much attention and too many
resources are given in the protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree
or disagree about this opinion?
ANSWER:
It is argued that protecting wild animals and birds is drawing/attracting too much
concern and too many resources of society. Personally, I totally agree with this
point of view.
There are two main reasons why I think people have paid too much attention to the
protection of animals. One reason is that many non-governmental organizations
have been established in order to protect animals all over the world. However, they
are too concerned about animal-related activities in many parts of the world. For
example, it is unreasonable that PETA, an animal-protecting (2) organization,
accused Katy Perry of using tigers and elephants in her own music video Roar for
commercial purposes while she did not. Furthermore, news about wild animals can
be shared rapidly on the Internet. If a bear is imprisoned somewhere, this news will
be widespread on social networks such as Facebook on a large scale immediately.
In addition, people have also spent too many resources protecting wild birds.
Firstly, a great deal of money is required to carry out any project to protect wild
birds, in which infrastructure and research are the two most expensive. The more
difficult research to preserve the DNA of wild birds is, the more it costs. Secondly,
the expenditure for this protection is quite unnecessary to some extent. While funds
should be raised to improve the living standards in some regions, investment in
bird protection appears to be a waste of money.

Page 43
In conclusion, it seems to me that both concern and resources are focused too much
on the protection of wild animals and birds in this modern world.
265 words
COMMENT
It was interesting, Bach, to see how you interpreted the task question. You focused on these key
words: attention/resources/animals/birds. I had not considered discussing animals and birds
separately, but I think that it is possible to defend this approach.
I also focused on the key words attention/resources. You wrote one paragraph on each of
these, which I also did.
The introduction and conclusion were concise and clear we are in no doubt about your
opinion. I think the strong position that you took in the essay helped you to present your case
clearly. In paragraph 2, you offer two arguments. In the first, you say that many non-
governmental organisations (NGOs) are over-sensitive on this issue of animal protection. You
supported this point with a relevant example [I had not followed this Kate Perry story].
Secondly, you say that any form of animal abuse already receives too much attention because of
Internet publicity.
In paragraph 3, you focus on resources. You consider this in relation to the protection of wild
birds. Your first point is the expensive involved in research and your second point is the need to
spend resources to meet vital human needs.
Throughout your essay, you follow the technique of Idea-Explain-sometimes Example, correctly
limiting the number of ideas in order to use this technique. So, while I was surprised that you
chose to discuss animals and birds separately, you can argue that this is a key part of the
question and the examiners would find difficulty in denying the validity of this approach.
I have referred to your logical paragraph structure and there is further evidence of planning and
organisation in this essay. For example, I cannot improve on your two topic sentences, which
indicate precisely the central idea of each paragraph. Each argument is clearly identified for
the benefit of the reader and the examiner using: One reason/Furthermore/Firstly/Secondly...
The links between sentences are fluent when you are explaining each argument. We can argue
that you have sequenced the information and ideas logically [band score 8++], because your
topic sentences indicate exactly what the paragraph will be about. As in the case of task

Page 44
response, the application of the exam techniques is of a very high standard and the essay is
undeniably well-organised.
Dch i
(31/01/2015) Mt s ngi ni rng ta ang qu quan tm v dnh qu nhiu
ngun lc cho vic bo v cc loi chim cng nh ng vt hoang d. Bn c
ng hay khng?
P N:
Ngi ta cho rng vic bo v cc loi chim v ng vt hoang d ang thu ht qu
nhiu s quan tm cng nh ngun lc ca x hi. C nhn ti hon ton ng
vi quan im ny.
Ti ngh c hai l do chnh gii thch ti sao ngi ta qu ch tm n vic bo v
ng vt. L do u tin l c rt nhiu cc t chc phi chnh ph trn khp th
gii c thnh lp bo v cc loi ng vt. Tuy nhin, h lo lng thi qu v
cc hot ng c lin quan n ng vt cc lnh vc khc nhau trn th gii. V
d nh PETA, mt t chc bo v ng vt kh v l khi ln n n ca s Katy
Perry khi c s dng hnh nh h v voi trong video ca nhc ca mnh mang tn
Roar cho mc ch mua bn trong khi c y khng h c nh vy. Hn th
na, cc bi bo vit v ng vt hoang d c th c chia s chp nhong trn
mng Internet. Nu mt ch gu b bt u , nhng bi vit ny s ngay lp tc
lan trn rng ri trn cc mng x hi nh Facebook.
Thm vo , ngi ta dnh qu nhiu ngun lc bo v cc loi chim hoang
d. Th nht, bt c d n bo v chim hoang d no cng cn yu cu mt s tin
khng h nh c th thc hin c, trong c s h tng v nghin cu l hai
th tn km nht. Cc nghin cu bo tn DNA ca cc loi chim hoang d
cng kh khn th chi ph cng nhiu. Th hai, vic chi tiu cho cc d n bo v
ny mt mc no l tng i khng cn thit. Trong khi ngun vn ny

Page 45
c th c gy dng nng cao cht lng cuc sng mt s a phng th
vic u t vo bo v loi chim c th coi l lng ph tin ca.
Tm li, i vi ti th trong th gii hin i ngy nay ngi ta qu ch tm cng
nh u t qu nhiu ngun lc vo vic bo v cc loi chim v ng vt hoang
d.
VOCABULARY:
Phn gii thch ting Anh kh chi tit nn phn ny s khng c dch ting vit na
attracts too much concern: to attract means to bring to; so in this case you
are bringing attention to something; They dont want to attract too much concern
to the problem.
utilizes too many societal resources: to use too many resources from the
community, like money; Addressing the problem utilizes too many societal
resources and needs to change.
have paid too much attention to: to pay attention to means to think about
or work on; to address; Their boss thinks they have paid too much attention to the
client.
unnecessary: not necessary; to express that you dont need to do something;
It was unnecessary to start all over again.
have been establishedin order to: to create something or start something
with the purpose of doing X; The organizations have been established in order to
help persevere animal habitats.
worried about: concerned about; when you think about something a lot that
troubles you; He worried about not being able to finish his homework on time.
concerns are often unfounded: a concern or worry is not warranted, not
worth being worried or concerned about; His parents realize that their concerns
are often unfounded because their son always gets good grades.

Page 46
unreasonable: something that is not reasonable or is ridiculous or
outrageous, not appropriate: It was unreasonable for the teacher to give that
student a failing grade since he tried really hard.
traumatizing: to traumatize means to do something that would cause
somebody or something to experience trauma or a lot of fear or fright; Being
involved in a war is a traumatizing experience. They were traumatizing their
child by spanking him when he made a mistake.
had been treated fairly: to treat fairly means to behave in a fair or good way
towards someone or something; The animals had been treated fairly while they
were on the set.
in accordance with animal protection laws: to do something according to
the law, following the law; They made sure they filmed in accordance with
animal protection laws.
Nowadays: these days; now; Nowadays, people want to travel throughout
the world.
be shared rapidly: to share quickly, in a speedy way; This video will be
shared rapidly on YouTube.
takes up a lot of peoples time and energy: to take up means that people
will spend time doing it; it will fill their time; so people will fill their time and use
their energy Working takes up a lot of peoples time and energy these days.
imprisoned: to be put in prison or in a jail; The man was imprisoned for 10
years.
spread throughout: to go from one place to another across space and time;
The news spread quickly throughout the country.
on a large scale: in a big way; in this case so that a lot of people see it on
FB; This video was seen on a large scale.
to carry out: to perform; to do; to make happen; They are going to carry
out the performance two times this week.

Page 47
infrastructure: things that are needed for people to do other things, like
roads, railways, phone lines, plumbing; Brazil needs to invest in new
infrastructure.
preserve: to save something; We need to preserve the habitat of the orcas.
expenditure for: money spent on something; The expenditure for new
phone lines was $1,000.
quite unnecessary in many cases: quite means in a big way; unnecessary
means not needed, in many cases means much of the time; Having to clear the
forest is quite unnecessary in many cases.
funds should be raised: to raise funds means to collect money for some
cause; The funds should be raised to help homeless people, not animals.
large investments: to invest a large amount of money; Japan is making
large investments in Vietnam.
a waste of money: to spend money in a frivolous or not good way; Buying
video games is a waste of money.
focused on: to put your attention on one thing; He was focused on
preparing for his exams.
7. (09/01/2016) It ismore importantforschoolchildren to learn aboutlocal

historythan world history. To what extent do youagree ordisagree?
Planning the ideas

Introduction: some people think this is more important, but I disagree both are
equally important. (It is not MORE important for them to learn local history it is
EQUALLY important.)

Page 48
Paragraph 2: important to learn local history [1] makes children aware of the
events of their countrys past example Vietnam [2] children learn how important
local cultural traditions have developed.
Paragraph 3: important to study world history. [1]develop an understanding of the
past experiences of other peoples [2] understand how the history of one country
has come to affect the history of other countries example, colonialism.
Conclusion: disagree important to study local and world history.
ANSWER
It is true that some commentators argue that it is more important for children to
study the history of their own country or region, rather than the history of the
world. I disagree with this view, because I believe that schools should teach local,
national and world history.
On the one hand, it is significant that schoolchildren should learn about their local
history. [1] Firstly, knowing about the past of their region or country will foster a
sense of belonging and pride in each child. For example, by studying how earlier
generations fought and made sacrifices for the freedom of the country, Vietnamese
youngsters will appreciate more the value of the way of life and liberty that they
enjoy today. [2] Secondly, young children also learn about the origins and core
values of their motherland through history lessons. As a result, they will gain a
deeper understanding of each traditional event, and be motivated to carry on the
best customs for generations to come.
On the other hand, the value of studying world history must not be underestimated.
[1] The modern trend towards globalization makes it all the more necessary for
schoolchildren to have some knowledge of people from other ethnic groups and
different traditions. Armed with this broader perspective, it will be easier for

Page 49
them to form a mutual understanding if they know about the origins and past
development of other people across the world. [2] Another important factor is that
a study of world history provides youngsters with an overview of the inter-
relationship of nations and how international historical events, such as the end of
colonialism, have shaped contemporary society.
In conclusion, I would argue that it is equally important for schoolboys and

schoolgirls to study local history as well as world history.
291 words
Dch i :
Dn
M bi: Mt vi ngi cho rng vic hc lch s a phng l quan trng hn,
nhng ti khng ng vi quan im c hai u quan trng nh nhau
on vn 2: vic hc lch s a phng l quan trng [1] gip cho cc em nhn
thc c cc s kin ln ca t nc trong qu kh - v d nh VN [2] cc em
nm bt c s pht trin ca cc truyn thng vn ha a phng quan trng
on vn 3: vic hc lch s th gii l quan trng [1]m rng kin thc v nhng
tri nghim qu kh ca quc gia khc [2] nm bt c tm nh hng ca lch
s mt quc gia ti lch s mt quc gia khc ra sao v d ch ngha thc dn
Kt lun: khng ng vic hc lch s a phng hay lch s th gii u quan
trng
P N
C mt s nh bnh lun cho rng i vi hc sinh, vic hc v lch s t nc
hoc khu vc ca cc em quan trng hn vic hc lch s th gii. Ti khng ng
vi quan im ny, bi ti cho rng cc trng hc nn dy c lch s a
phng, quc gia v th gii.

Page 50
Mt mt, vic dy cho cc em hc sinh v lch s a phng l v cng quan
trng. [1] u tin, s hiu bit v qu kh ho hng ca a phng hay t nc
s nui dng mt thc v ni mnh thuc v v lng t ho trong mi a tr.
V d nh, qua cc bi hc lch s v s chin u v hi sinh cho c lp t do ca
t quc ca cc th h i trc, nhng ngi Vit tr tui s thy trn trng hn
gi tr cuc sng v s t do h c hng ngy hm nay. [2] Th hai, thng qua
cc bi hc lch s, cc em hc sinh cng c hc v ngun gc v cc gi tr ct
li ca qu hng. T , cc em s c c mt vn hiu bit su sc v mi s
kin truyn thng, ng thi c to ng lc ni tip cc truyn thng vn
ha cho nhng th h sau.
Mt khc, chng ta khng c nh gi thp gi tr ca vic hc lch s th gii.
[1] Xu hng ton cu ha hin ti i hi cc em hc sinh phi c mt s kin
thc c bn v cc dn tc v truyn thng vn ho khc. c trang b vn kin
thc ny, cc em s d dng hnh thnh c nhng hiu bit chung vi cc dn
tc khc trn th gii nu cc em c bit v ngun gc v s pht trin trong qu
kh ca h. [2] Mt nhn t quan trng khc l vic nghin cu lch s th gii
s cung cp cho nhng ngi tr tui mt ci nhn khi qut v mi quan h qua li
gia cc quc gia v cc mc s kin lch s th gii din ra nh th no, v d
nh s kt thc ca ch ngha thc dn hnh thnh nn x hi ng i ra sao.
Tm li, ti cho rng vic hc lch s a phng v lch s th gii l quan trng
nh nhau i vi c hc
VOCABULARY
foster a sense of belonging [expression] (nui dng thc v ni mnh
thuc v) develop a feeling of being part of a community.
Example: Every morning, all the children sang the school song in the hall, and this
fostered asense of belonging to the school.

Page 51
core values [noun] (gi tr ct li) the most important or central values of
something.
Example: The core values of the French Revolution were Liberty, Equality and
Property.
ethnic groups [noun] (cc dn tc) people belonging to a nation that share a
cultural tradition.
Example: In the United States, there are many ethnic groups who come from
different countries and cultures.
Armed with [phrasal verb] (c trang b) knowing something that you
need in order to perform a certain task.
Example: Armed with all the facts, he was well-prepared for his interview.
broader perspective [noun] (vn kin thc su rng hn) a wider and more
complete understanding of something.
Example: To understand the conflicts in Asia, we have to see events from a
broader perspective of international politics.
colonialism [noun] (ch ngha thc dn) the practice by which a powerful
country controls other countries.
Example: More than 60 years have passed since French colonialism ended in
Vietnam.
contemporary [adjective] (ng i) belonging to the present time.
Example: For people in the UK, contemporary life is easier than life in the past.
8. (23/01/2016)Although more and more people read news on the Internet,

newspapers will remain the most important source of news. Do you agree or
disagree?
Essay Plan:

Page 52
Introduction: refer to statement and give opinion totally disagree.
Paragraph 2: advantages of online news. Reason 1: it is up-to-the-minute.
Reason 2: it is accessible many people have smart phones or laptops to connect
instantly to the internet.
Paragraph 3: drawbacks of newspapers. Reason 1: cost falling circulation
example US newspapers. Reason 2: environmental concerns save paper and
save forests.
Conclusion: repeat introduction, using some different words.
ANSWER:
Many traditionalists believe that, however many people have access to the
Internet, conventional newspapers will continue as the major source of news. I
totally disagree with this view.
The speed and convenience of the Internet in this digital age have led to the
increasing popularity of online news. Firstly, the Internet is able to provide up-to-
the-minute news as it happens, 24 hours a day every day. As long as I have my
smart phone or laptop with me, I can connect almost instantly to the Internet, surf
the websites and access the news of my choice across the globe. Secondly, more
and more people now have access to the Internet and this trend appears set to
continue. The more widespread the accessibility of the Internet, the more people
will come to rely on it as their news source.
In contrast, newspapers have drawbacks which affect their popularity. One major
disincentive of relying on newspapers as a news source is the cost. Competing
with freely available news online, newspaper publishers are facing the reality of
falling circulation figures. Some major American newspapers have now
introduced online versions alongside their printed editions in an attempt to arrest

Page 53
this trend. Another disadvantage of newspapers is the amount of paper consumed
in their production. With growing environmental awareness, there is a body of
public opinion which rejects buying newspapers because this involves cutting
trees and transporting them to paper mills. While this may not be a major factor at
present, the environmental argument will almost certainly gain ground in the
future.
In conclusion, I would argue that newspapers will continue to decline in

importance, and more and more people will use the Internet to access the news.
Dch i :
cng bi vit:
M bi: nhc li quan im trong bi v a kin hon ton khng ng .
on vn 2: Li ch ca bo mng. Li ch 1: cp nht n tng pht. Li ch 2:
d dng tip cn rt nhiu ngi c in thoi thng minh hoc laptop c kt ni
vi mng Internet
on vn 3: mt hn ch ca bo giy. Nhc im 1: chi ph xut bn gim st
v d nh bo ti M. Nhc im 2: vn mi trng tit kim giy v bo
v rng.
Kt lun: nhn mnh li ni dung phn m bi, dng mt s t ng khc thay th
P N
Rt nhiu ngi theo ch ngha truyn thng cho rng, cho d ngy cng nhiu
ngi c th truy cp mng Internet, bo giy truyn thng s duy tr l ngun
cung cp thng tin chnh. Ti hon ton khng ng vi quan im ny.
Trong thi i cng ngh s nh hin nay, tc v s tin li ca mng Internet
a ti s thng dng ngy cng ln ca bo mng. u tin, mng Internet c
kh nng cp nht tin tc n tng pht ngay khi s vic mi xy ra, 24 gi hng
ngy. Min l ti c in thoi thng minh hoc laptop i cng, ti c th ngay lp

Page 54
tc kt ni vi mng Internet, lt web v tip cn vi nhng thng tin ti quan
tm trn ton th gii. Th hai, ngy cng c nhiu ngi c kt ni vi mng
Internet v xu hng ny chc chn vn tip tc gia tng. Tc tip cn Internet
ngy cng gia tng ng ngha vi vic ngy cng c nhiu ngi coi y l ngun
cung cp thng tin chnh ca h.
Tri li, bo giy c nhng mt hn ch nh hng n s ph bin ca loi hnh
ny. Chi ph l nguyn nhn chnh lm nn lng nhng ngi coi y l ngun
cung cp thng tin. Cnh tranh vi bo mng c cung cp min ph, nhng nh
xut bn bo giy ang i mt vi tnh trng doanh s xut bn c tiu th
ngy cng gim st. Mt s u bo chnh thng ti M gi y cng a ra nhng
phin bn bo mng song song vi bn bo giy nhm bt kp xu hng ny. Mt
nhc im khc ca bo giy l s lng giy tiu th trong qu trnh sn xut.
Cng vi s nhn thc v mi trng ngy cng tng, c hn mt t chc cng
lun t chi mua bo giy bi bo giy cng gp phn vo qu trnh cht cy ly
g v chuyn qua cc nh my sn xut giy. thi im hin ti th y cng
cha phi l mt vn ln, tuy nhin nhng tranh lun tri chiu v mi trng
s gn nh tr nn p o vo tng lai.
Tm li, ti cho rng bo giy s tip tc st gim ng k, v s ngy cng nhiu
ngi s dng mng Internet tip cn thng tin hn.
VOCABULARY
traditionalists: [noun] [nhng ngi theo ch ngha truyn thng] people
who prefer traditional ways of acting and thinking.
Example: I agree with those traditionalists who think that drinks served in plastic
cups taste worse than drinks served in glasses or normal cups.
conventional: [adjective] [thuc v tp qun, truyn thng] following what
has been done in the past.

Page 55
Example: The dress code in our company is conventional all the men must wear
a suit and tie.
digital age: [noun] [thi i s] a period when information is sent
electronically.
Example: In this digital age, many people have computer skills and Internet
access.
up-to-the-minute: [adjective] [cp nht n tng pht] having the latest
information.
Example: Up-to-the-minute weather forecasts are always available on the
Internet.
surf the websites: [expression] [lt web] look through various sites on the
Interet.
Example: When he researched his essay, John surfed the websites that appeared
to contain the most useful information.
set to: [phrasal verb] [chc chn] likely to
Example: Hilary Clinton is set to become the next US President.
disincentive: [noun] [s nn lng, thoi ch] a thing that makes somebody
less willing to do something.
Example: Although the quality of the food is excellent, the high prices at this
supermarket are a disincentive to shopping here regularly.
circulation figures: [noun] [doanh s xut bn c tiu th] the figures for
the number of copies of a newspaper sold each day.
Example: After the price of the newspaper went up, the circulation figures
immediately fell.
printed edition: [noun] [bn in] the paper form in which something is
published.
Example: It costs $10 to buy the printed edition of the magazine, but you can
read the digital version online for just $4.

Page 56
arrest: [verb] [bt li] stop something.
Example: The bank arrested the decline of the company by making a big
investment of $1 million.
a body of public opinion: [expression] [c quan cng lun] a common idea
agreed on by a lot of people.
Example: The idea of free school meals is supported by a large body of public
opinion in the UK.
gain ground: [expression] [tr nn ln mnh] become stronger
Example: The arguments for using computers in the classroom have gained
ground in recent years.
9. (30/01/2016) Prison is the common way in most countries to solve the

problem of crime. However, a more effective solution is to provide people with
a better education. Agree or disagree.
Essay Plan:
Introduction: refer to statement and give opinion disagree.
Paragraph 2: Prison can help to reduce crime [1] prison deters criminals
example: murderers [2] offenders in prison cannot be a danger to the public
Paragraph 3: Education can also help to reduce crime [1] in schools give
students some knowledge of the law example: drugs [2] education in prison
help to stop re-offending.
ANSWER
Many people believe that the reduction of the crime rate will be achieved more
effectively through better education rather than prison sentences. I disagree with

Page 57
this view, because I consider that both approaches have their own distinctive
merits and should each play an integral role in tackling crime.
On the one hand, I would argue that prison is effective in dealing with offenders.
One reason is that a person who commits a crime must learn that unlawful actions
have consequences. Murderers, for instance, must be imprisoned for many years
and such a punishment may act as a deterrent. They know that they will face loss
of freedom, social isolation and separation from their loved ones if they carry out
such a criminal act. Another reason is that when serious offenders are behind
bars, they are no longer a danger to society and people can walk in the streets or
relax in their homes more safely.
On the other hand, I consider that education has a complementary role to play.
Firstly, in schools, students should study some aspects of the law which affect their
lives. Having some knowledge of the law, students are better prepared to avoid
situations which may involve them in crime or becoming a victim. For example,
youngsters must study the important laws about driving and road safety.Secondly,
in prisons themselves, educational programmes must aim to provide prisoners with
skills and qualifications to find work when they are released.
I believe that prison sentences are one essential weapon in the fight against crime,
and I disagree that providing better education alone is a more effective solution to
reduce the crime rate.
275 words
Dch i :

Page 58
Nh t l phng n ph bin nht gii quyt vn nn ti phm hu ht
cc quc gia. Tuy nhin, mt bin php hiu qu hn l nng cao nn tng
gio dc ca ngi dn. Anh/Ch ng hay khng ng vi vn ny.
Dn bi vit:
M bi: nhc li bi v a ra kin khng ng .
on vn 2: Nh t gp phn vo vic gim bt ti phm [1] nh t lm cn tr
nhng ngi phm ti v d: k git ngi [2] ngi phm ti trong t khng
th l mi nguy hi vi cng ng
on vn 3: Gio dc cng gp phn lm gim bt ti phm [1] trong trng hc
ph bin cho sinh vin cc kin thc v lut php v d: ma ty [2] gio dc
trong nh t gp phn hn ch vic ti phm.
Kt lun: nhc li m bi, dng cch vit khc
P N
Nhiu ngi cho rng vic gim bt t l phm ti s hiu qu hn nu p dng
nng cao nn tng gio dc hn l vic kt n t giam. Ti khng ng vi quan
im ny, bi ti thy rng hai phng n u c nhng u im ring v phng
n no cng ng gp mt phn khng th thiu c trong vic ngn chn ti
phm.
Mt mt, ti cho rng nh t rt hiu qu trong vic x l nhng ngi phm ti.
L do u tin l mt ngi khi phm ti s nhn thc c nhng hnh ng
phm php u phi chu hu qu. V d nhng k git ngi s b b t nhiu nm
v mt mc n nh vy ng vai tr nh mt ro cn. H bit rng h s phi i
mt vi vic mt t do, b x hi xa lnh v c lp bi nhng ngi xung quanh
nu h vi phm. Mt l do khc l khi nhng ngi phm ti nghim trng b
giam gi li, h khng cn l mi nguy hi vi x hi v mi ngi c th i b t
do trn ph hay th gin trong nh an ton hn.
Mt khc, ti nhn thy gio dc cng ng mt vai tr b sung. u tin, nhng
trng hc, sinh vin cn c hc v mt s iu lut c bn lin quan ti cuc

Page 59
sng hng ngy. Khi nm c lut, h s c chun b k cng hn trnh
c nhng tnh hung c th a h vo vng lao l hoc tr thnh nn nhn. V
d, thanh nin hin nay cn hc nhng iu lut quan trng v li xe v an ton
trn ng ph. Th hai, vi nhng t nhn, cn c nhng chng trnh gio dc
tp trung vo vic cung cp cho h nhng k nng v trnh cn thit tm
c vic lm khi h c ra ngoi.
Ti tin rng cc mc n t giam l mt v kh cn thit chng li ti phm, v
ti khng ng tnh vi kin rng ch n thun vi mt nn tng gio dc tt
hn s l mt bin php hiu qu hn gim bt t l phm ti.
VOCABULARY
the crime rate: [noun] [t l phm ti] a measure of the number of crimes in
a particular area during a period of time.
Example: As a result of more unemployment, the crime rate in the area is
increasing.
distinctive: [adjective] [phn bit, ring bit] having a quality that makes
something different and easily noticed.
Example: My teacher has a distinctive approach to teaching English. Unlike the
other teachers, she does not teach any grammar.
play an integral role in tackling crime: [expression] [ng mt vai tr khng
th thiu c trong vic hn ch ti phm] play an essential part [along with other
parts] in dealing with crime.
Example: Security cameras play an integral role in tackling crime in stores and
other public places.
offenders: [noun] [ngi phm ti] people who commit crimes.
Example: Young offenders are sent to special prisons in the UK, where they do
not mix with older criminals.

Page 60
commits a crime: [expression] [phm ti, phm php] does something
wrong or illegal.
Example: In the UK, a youngster who commits a crime by stealing a car will
almost certainly go to prison.
deterrent: [noun] [ro cn] a thing that makes somebody less likely to do
something.
Example: Some people say that the death penalty acts as a deterrent to people
who wish to bring drugs illegally into their country.
social isolation: [noun] [x hi c lp] the state of separating somebody
from society.
Example: Some form of social isolation is necessary for people who are violent or
dangerous to others.
loved ones: [noun] [ngi thn] people that you love, usually members of
your family.
Example: After the accident, hundreds of people phoned the emergency helpline
to know if their loved ones were alive.
behind bars: [expression] [trong t] in prison.
Example: The man spent many years behind bars after he had killed a policeman.
complementary [adjective] [b sung] two things which are different, but
form a useful combination.
Example: Swimming and yoga are two complementary activities which help to
reduce stress.
released: [verb] [c tha, c th ra] freed from prison.
Example: Some prisoners who are sentenced to jail for life will never be released.

Page 61
10. (02/04/2016) It is impossible to help all people in the world, so
governments should only focus on people in their own countries. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: topic statement, completely disagree with the view.
Paragraph 2: first reason for my opinion: transport is now able to provide very
quick assistance example tsunami in Japan.
Paragraph 3: second reason for my opinion: moral duty to help others, no matter
where they live. International aid agencies [eg. the Red Cross] exist to do this and
governments should help them and also have their own aid budget.
Conclusion: yes, there are urgent problems for each government to tackle at home,
but it is essential to help all those in need we have the means to do it [paragraph
2] and a moral duty [paragraph 3].
ANSWER
Some people consider that helping all needy people all around the world would be
an impossible ideal, and therefore governments should only be concerned about
those who live in their own countries. I completely disagree with this view.
One reason is that it is now possible to provide international aid quickly and
efficiently. Modern means of transport enable government agencies to provide aid
within hours to even relatively remote corners of the world. There have been
numerous recent examples of how such government assistance has alleviated
suffering and saved lives. The recent tsunami in Japan left tens of thousands of
people homelessand in desperate need of food and shelter, but the reponse of
governments around the world was immediate. Very quickly, supplies of food and
tents arrived by air, along with medical staff and vaccines.

Page 62
Another reason is that I consider that we share a moral responsibility to help all
those who lack the basic necessities of life. These needs have no geographical
boundaries and national governments should recognise their international
obligations. It is not enough to place responsibility only on charities and
international relief organisations like UNICEF or the Red Cross. Such
organisations accept that we share a common humanity, and the sufferings of no
individual should be ignored anywhere in the world. Governments must not only
provide international assistance as part of their budget, but must also provide
money for international aid bodies.
In conclusion, although of course governments must tackle urgent problems at

home, they have the means and the moral responsibility to fulfil their international
obligations to everyone in need.
279 words.
Dn bi:
M bi: cu ch , hon ton khng ng vi quan im trn.
on 2: l do u tin cho kin ca ti: giao thng vn ti ngy nay c th mang
n s cu tr rt nhanh chng - v d sng thn Nht Bn.
on 3: l do th hai cho quan im ca ti: trch nhim o c gip mi
ngi, cho d h sng bt c u. Cc t chc cu tr quc t [v d: Hi Ch
thp ] duy tr thc hin vic ny v chnh ph nn h tr h v cng phi c
ngun ngn sch cu tr ring cho nc mnh.
Kt lun: ng vy, c nhiu vn cp bch cho chnh ph gii quyt trong
nc mnh, nhng cng cn thit gip tt c mi ngi ang cn cu tr -
chng ta c nhiu cch thc hin iu [on 2] v c trch nhim o c
[on 3].

Page 63
P N
Mt s ngi cho rng vic cu tr tt c nhng ngi cn gip trn ton th
gii l mt quan im khng th thc hin c, v v th chnh ph ch nn quan
tm n nhng ngi sng trong quc gia ca h. Ti hon ton khng ng vi
kin ny.
L do l ngy nay d dng c th a ra s cu tr quc t mt cch nhanh chng
v hiu qu. Cc phng tin giao thng hin i gip cho cc c quan nh nc
cung cp s h tr ch trong vng vi gi ng h n c nhng ni vng su vng
xa trn khp th gii. C mt s v d gn y cho thy s cu tr ca chnh ph
v ang lm gim bt nhng kh khn v bo v s sng ca con ngi. Trn
sng thn gn y Nht Bn li hu qu l hng chc nghn ngi tr thnh
v gia c v ri vo trong hon cnh thiu thn n tuyt vng v thc n cng
nh ni tr ng, nhng phn ng ca cc cp chnh quyn trn ton khp th gii
l ngay lp tc. Mt cch rt nhanh chng, nhng s cung cp v thc phm v lu
tri c chuyn n bng ng hng khng, cng su cc nhn vin y t v vc-
xin.
Mt l do khc na m ti cho rng chng ta chia s trch nhim o c gip
nhng ngi thiu thn cc nhu cu c bn ca cuc sng. Nhng nhu cu
khng h c ro cn v a l v chnh ph cc nc nn nhn ra nhng ngha v
mang tnh quc t ca h vi cc nc khc. Khng th c khi ch t trch
nhim vo cc hi t thin v cc t chc cu tr quc t nh l UNICEF hay Hi
ch thp . Cc t chc ny cng nhn rng chng ta cng chia s lng nhn o
vi nhau, v nhng kh khn ngho kh ca khng mt c nhn no nn c xa
b bt c u trn th gii. Chnh ph khng c php ch cung cp nhng s
gip mang tnh quc t nh mt phn trong ngn sch ca h, m cn phi h
tr tin cho cc n v cu tr nc ngoi.

Page 64
Tm li, mc d tt nhin l chnh ph phi gii quyt cc vn cp bch quc
gia ca mnh, h cn c nhiu cch thc v trch nhim o c lm trn ngha
v mang tnh quc t ca h vi tt c nhng ngi ang cn n s gip .
VOCABULARY
needy: [adjective] (ngho tng, ngho kh): not having enough money,
food, clothes....
Example: UNICEF is a charity that provides education for needy children by
building schools and paying for teachers in developing countries.
remote corners of the world: [expression] (vng su vng xa trn th gii):
places in the world which are difficult to access because of distance or difficulties
of transport to get there.
Example: People living in remote corners of the world usually have their own
culture and traditonal way of life.
alleviated: [verb] (lm gim nh): made something less severe.
Example: After the earthquake, aid was sent to alleviate the suffering of the
homeless and starving victims.
tsunami: [noun] (sng thn): a very large wave in the sea cause, for
example, by an earthquake.
Example: When it reached the coast of Japan, the tsunami caused terrible damage.
homeless: [adjective] (v gia c): having no home.
Example: Three hundred people were left homeless after the earthquake.
tents: [noun] (lu tri): shelters supported by ropes and fixed to the ground,
used for camping or to provide temporary shelter.
Example: As people escaped from the war zone, large camps were set up, with
tents to provide accommodation for these refugees.
vaccines: [noun] (vc-xin): substances that are put into the blood to protect
someone from disease.

Page 65
Example: Measles vaccines were given to all the children in the school.
basic necessities: [noun] (cc nhu cu thit yu): the things which we must
have and cannot survive without.
Example: Many people cannot even afford basic necessities, such as food and
clothing.
obligations: [noun] (ngha v, bn phn): things which you must do,
because of the law or because you have promised.
Example: We must follow all the legal and moral obligations and act to protect
the environment.
a common humanity: [noun] (lng nhn o): the quality of being a person,
rather than a machine, a god or an animal..
Example: We must help the poor all over the world, because they are people like
us and we all share a common humanity.
sufferings: [noun] (s au n, au kh): feelings of pain and unhappiness.
Example: We cannot watch the sufferings of other people without wishing to help
them.
11. (16/04/2016) In the future, it seems it will bemore difficult to live on the
Earth. Some people think more money should be spent on researching other
planets to live, such as Mars. To what extent do you agree or disagree with
this statement?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce the topic, give own opinion.
Paragraph 2: why it is becoming more difficult to live on planet Earth.
[1] over-consumption causes the depletion of natural resources. Example: energy
demands and fossil fuels.

Page 66
[2] growing problems of pollution. Example: Vietnam dumping of rubbish into
rivers by some industries.
Paragraph 3: spending money to find new planets to settle is a waste of resources.
[1] Money is needed to raise the living standards of people and provide good
health and education services.
[2] Money should also be used to develop advanced technology, such as the
funding of green energy projects.
Conclusion: looking for new planets to colonise is a waste of time and resources.
Repeat the opinion in the introduction disagree with the statement.
ANSWER
It is true that, if present trends continue, it will become increasingly difficult to
sustain human life on Earth. While I agree that it is vital to tackle this problem, I
believe that expenditure on research for new planets to colonise should be given a
low priority, and resources must be used to find other, more practical solutions.
There are two major reasons why life on Earth is becoming more and more
unsustainable. One obvious problem is the uncontrolled consumption of natural
resources, which are being depleted as a result. For instance, the extraction of
fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil, to satisfy growing energy demands has
serious environmental impacts, and these resources will eventually run out.
Another concern is the rising level of pollution worldwide, of the land, the oceans
and the air that we breathe. In Vietnam, for example, thousands of tons of
industrial rubbish have been released illegaly into rivers, killing aquatic life and
contaminating drinking water.
However, I would argue that the search for a new planet on which humans could
survive is a waste of valuable resources. Firstly, a vast amount of funding would

Page 67
be required to finance such space exploration, with no guarantee of success. This
money is needed now to improve health services globally and to provide better
education for all. Secondly, financial resources should be used to develop
advanced technologies that would be more environmentally-friendly and provide
renewable energy. In the field of transport, to take a simple example, vehicles can
now be converted to run on hydrogen or even waste cooking oil as McDonalds
have done with their trucks.
In conclusion, I consider that the search for new planets on which to settle is a
waste of time and resources, and efforts should be concentrated on living more
sustainably here on Earth.
303 words
Dch i :
(16/04/2016) tng lai, c v nh l s kh khn hn sng trn tri t. Mt
vi ngi ngha rng nhiu tin hn nn c u t nghin cu vic sng cc
hnh khc nh Sao ha. kha cnh no bn ng hay khng ng ?
Dn bi vit:
M bi: Gii thiu ch , a ra kin ring.
on vn 2: ti sao sng trn tri t ngy mt kh khn hn? [1] tiu th qu
nhiu gy cn kit ti nguyn thin nhin. V d: nhu cu nng lng v nhin liu
ha thch. [2] cc vn nhim ngy cng gia tng. V d: Vit Nam vic x
thi ra cc dng sng ca mt s doanh nghip.
on vn 3: chi tin tm cc hnh tinh mi nh c l mt s lng ph ngun
lc. [1] Cn tin nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn v cung cp cc dch v y
t, gio dc tt. [2] Tin cng nn c s dng pht trin cc cng ngh tin
tin, chng hn nh ti tr cho cc d n nng lng xanh.

Page 68
Kt lun: tm kim cc hnh tinh mi xm chim l mt s lng ph thi gian v
ngun lc. Lp li cc kin trong kh m bi - khng ng vi kin trn.
P N
S tht l, nu nhng xu hng hin nay vn tip din, vic duy tr s sng ca con
ngi trn tri t s tr nn ngy cng kh khn. Trong khi ti ng rng n
quan trng gii quyt vn ny, ti tin rng chi ph cho nghin cu cc hnh
tinh mi nh c nn c u tin thp, v cc ngun lc phi c s dng
tm cc gii php khc thit thc hn
C hai l do chnh gii thch ti sao s sng trn Tri t ngy cng tr nn khng
bn vng. Mt vn hin nhin chnh l s tiu th khng kim sot cc ngun
ti nguyn thin nhin, m hu qu l n ang ngy mt khan him. V d, vic
khai thc cc nhin liu ha thch nh than, kh t v du, p ng nhu cu
nng lng ngy cng tng tc ng mi trng mt cch nghim trng, v cc
ngun lc ny cui cng s cn kit . Mt mi quan tm khc chnh l mc gia
tng ca tnh trng nhim trn ton th gii, ca t, i dng v khng kh m
chng ta ht th. V d, Vit Nam, hng ngn tn rc thi cng nghip c
thi tri php ra sng, git cht i sng thy sinh v nhim ngun nc ung.
Tuy nhin, ti cho rng vic tm kim mt hnh tinh mi m con ngi c th sng
st l mt s lng ph nhng ti nguyn gi tr. Th nht, mt s lng ln cc
ngun ti tr s c yu cu ti tr cho cuc thm d khng gian, m khng c
s bo m thnh cng no. Lng tin ny ang cn thit ci thin dch v y t
trn ton cu v cung cp gio dc tt hn cho tt c. Th hai, ngun lc ti chnh
nn c s dng pht trin cc cng ngh tin tin m thn thin vi mi
trng v cung cp nng lng ti to. Ly mt v d n gin, trong lnh vc vn
ti, xe by gi c th c chuyn i sang chy bng hydro hoc thm ch l du
n - nh McDonald lm vi xe ti ca h.

Page 69
Tm li, ti cho rng vic tm kim cc hnh tinh mi nh c l mt s lng
ph thi gian v ngun lc,; v cc n lc nn c tp trung vo vic sng mt
cch bn vng hn trn tri t.
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chm 9.0.
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VOCABULARY
Sustain [verb] [gi vng, chng ] support something/somebody in order
to be able to continue to live.
Example: In the past, sailors took large supplies of fresh water and food on their
ships to sustain them on their long voyages.
colonise: [verb] [chim lm thuc a] take control of an area in order to
live there.
Example: European countries tried to colonise all the countries of South-East
Asia.
low priority: [noun] [u tin thp] something that you think is less
important than other things and should be dealt with last.
Example: Government spending on the arts is a low priority during times of
economic crisis.
unsustainable: [adjective] [khng th chng c] that cannot be
continued at the same rate or level.
Example: Experts predict that economic growth in China is unsustainable.

Page 70
deplete: [verb] [thiu ht] reduce by a large amount, so that there is not
much left.
Example: After 6 months without rain, the amount of water available to supply the
city was seriously depleted.
extraction: [noun] [s chn lc/ s chit] the act or process of removing
something.
Example: The extraction of salt from the sea has been practised for many
centuries.
run out: [phrasal verb] [cn kit] if something runs out, it is used up or
finished.
Example: The supermarket had run out of bread, so I had to go to a different shop.
aquatic life: [noun] [i sng thy sinh] the creatures and plants that live in
rivers and lakes.
Example: The chemicals which the factory put into the river killed all the aquatic
life.
contaminate: [verb] [lm bn, lm nhim] make a place dirty by adding

something that is dangerous.
Example: The pollution resulting from all the traffic in the city is contaminating
the air that people breathe.
guarantee: [noun] [s m bo] something which makes something else
certain to happen.
Example: There is no guarantee that money will bring happiness.
environmentally-friendly: [adjective] [c tnh thn thin vi mi trng]
not damaging the environment.
Example: Recycling is one way in which people can act in an environmentally-
friendly way.

Page 71
renewable energy: [noun] [nng lng ti to] replaced naturally, so that
there is no danger that it will finish.
Example: Wind and solar power are examples of renewable energy sources.
convert: [verb] [i, bin i] changed from one form or system to another.
Example: The church in our street has been converted into a restaurant.
waste: [adjective] [b hoang] no longer needed for a particular process and
therefore thrown away.
Example: People are encouraged to recycle their waste newspapers and plastic.
settle: [verb] [nh c] make a place your permanent home.
Example: After his father died, he decided to settle in Paris.
12. (28/5/2016) Nowadays, young people admire sports stars though they
often do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, most sports stars have a positive influence.
Paragraph 2: individual perspective: dedication to training, healthy lifestyle
examples; overcome illness, injury Paralympic Games.
Paragraph 3: social perspective: moral lessons charity work example; even
negative examples give moral lessons Lance Armstrong.
Conclusion: most sports stars have a positive influence on youngsters.
ANSWER
In recent years there has been a growing tendency for the younger generation to
look up to sports stars as role models. Although not all famous athletes set a good
example, I believe that the majority do have a positive influence on the behaviour
of youngsters.

Page 72
From an individual perspective, an adolescent may idolise a well-known
sportsperson who has many good qualities. No successful sports star makes it to
the top without years of dedication to training and a healthy lifestyle. A youngster
who seeks to emulate David Beckham or Serena Williams will be inspired to join
a sports club and work out regularly at the gym as a step on the ladder of success.
Other sportspeople have shown determination to overcome injuries or illness,
another admirable quality that may motivate some young people to deal with such
setbacks in their own lives. The Paralympic Games, for example, are watched on
TV worldwide, and disabled youngsters can drawinspiration from athletes in
wheelchairs or with artificial limbs competing at the highest level.
From a social perspective, there are many examples of sports stars who provide a
moral lesson for youngsters to follow. Cristiano Ronaldo is one of the most
idolised football superstars in the world, but he still finds time to support charity
events and inspire his fans to join charitable campaigns. Even negative examples
of sports stars who have cheated to reach the top serve as moral lessons for young
people. The cyclist Lance Armstrong, who was found guilty of taking
performance-enhancing drugs, was publicly shamed, though he had once been a
hero because of his personal fight against cancer.
In conclusion, youngsters are influenced in positive ways by their admiration for

sports celebrities and the example of fitness, dedication and sometimes altruism
set by those stars.
298 words.
Dch i :

Page 73
Ngy nay, cc bn tr hm m nhng ngi sao th thao d h thng khng
gng mu. Bn ngh rng y l mt s pht trin tch cc hay tiu cc.
Dn bi vit:
M bi: gii thiu ch , hu ht cc ngi sao th thao c nh hng tch cc.
on 2: quan im c nhn: cng hin cho li sng c rn luyn, khe mnh cc
v d; vt qua bnh tt, chn thng Th Vn Hi Paralympic cho ngi khuyt
tt.
on 3: quan im x hi: cc bi hc o c lm t thin v d; thm ch cc
v d tiu cc a ra bi hc o c Lance Armstrong.
Kt bi: hu ht cc ngi sao th thao c nh hng tch cc n thanh nin.
P N
Trong nhng nm gn y c gia tng khuynh hng ca th h tr ngng m
nhng ngi sao th thao nh l nhng hnh mu. D khng phi tt c cc vn
ng vin u gng mu, ti tin rng phn ln u c nh hng tch cc n
hnh vi ca thanh nin.
T quan im c nhn, mt thanh thiu nin c th thn tng mt vn ng vin
ni ting c nhiu phm cht tt. Khng c ngi sao th thao no t thnh cng
rc r nu khng c nhiu nm cng hin cho s rn luyn v li sng khe mnh.
Mt thanh nin tm cch bt chc theo David Beckham hoc Serena Williams s
c truyn cm hng tham gia mt cu lc b th thao v tp th dc u n
phng tp nh l mt bc trn nc thang thnh cng. Nhng vn ng vin khc
cho thy quyt tm vt qua nhng chn thng hay bnh tt, mt phm cht
ng ngng m khc c th ng vin mt s ngi tr ng u vi nhng ro
cn trong cuc i h. V d nh Th vn hi Paralympic c theo di rng
ri trn TV trn khp th gii, v nhng thanh nin khuyt tt c th ly cm hng
t nhng vn ng vin trn xe ln hoc vi nhng cnh tay v chn gi thi u
mc cao nht.

Page 74
T quan im x hi, c nhiu v d ca nhng ngi sao th thao cung cp bi hc
o c cho lp tr noi theo. Cristiano Ronaldo l mt trong nhng siu sao bng
c thn tng nhiu nht trn th gii, nhng anh y vn dnh thi gian
ng h nhng s kin t thin v tuyn truyn cho nhng ngi hm m ca anh
y tham gia cc chin dch t thin. Thm ch cc v d tiu cc t nhng ngi sao
th thao gian ln t n nh cao mang n bi hc o c cho ngi
tr. Vn ng vin xe p Lance Armstrong, ngi tng b buc ti s dng
cht kch thch, b bi nh trc cng chng, mc d anh y tng mt thi l
ngi hng nh cuc chin chng li bnh ung th.
Tm li, cc bn tr b nh hng theo hng tch cc bi s hm m i vi
nhng vn ng vin ni ting v nhng v d v s khe mnh, cng hin v c
khi l lng v tha ca nhng ngi sao .
VOCABULARY
look up to: [phrasal verb] [ngng m] admire or respect someone.
Example: As a result of his work for charity, many people look up to Bill Gates,
the founder of Microsoft.
idolise: [verb] [thn tng] admire someone very much.
Example: Michael Jackson was idolised by millions of fans.
make it to the top: [expression] [thnh cng rc r] be very successful.
Example: Although she is very ambitious, she does not work hard enough to make
it to the top.
emulate: [verb] [bt chc] try to do something as well as someone else
who you admire.
Example: She hopes to emulate her sisters success as an athlete.
work out: [phrasal verb] [tp th thao] train the body through physical
exercise.
Example: In order to keep fit, I work out regularly at the gym.

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admirable: [adjective] [ng ngng m] having qualities that you admire
and respect.
Example: Her dedication to her studies is admirable.
setback: [noun] [ro cn] a difficulty or problem that delays something, or
makes a situation worse.
Example: The team suffered a major setback when their best player was injured.
draw inspiration from: [expression] [ly cm hng t ] be inspired by
something to have new ideas or new ways of thinking, or to be creative.
Example: Many famous artists have drawn inspiration from the countryside.
charitable: [adjective] [t thin] concerned with charities or helping people
who are poor or in need.
Example: Bill Gates is famous for his charitable work.
reach the top: [expression] [ t nh cao] become very successful at
something.
Example: Like all great footballers, Pele trained for years until he reached the
top.
performance-enhancing: [adjective] [cht kch thch] things such as drugs
that people take in order to be more successful in a sports competition.
Example: After taking performance-enhancing drugs, the athlete was banned
from professional sport.
shame: [verb] [bi nh] make someone feel that they have lost honour or
respect.
Example: After a number of drugs scandals, the sport of cycling was shamed by
the media.
altruism: [noun] [lng v tha] the fact of caring about the needs and
happiness of others more than your own.
Example: It is rare to find an unselfish politician who is motivated by altruism.

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13. (08/10/2016) Some people think that men and women have different
qualities. Therefore, some certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are
suitable for women.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: refer to the different views about this issue; state personal opinion
disagree with the statement
Paragraph 2: men and women have some distinct characteristics which affect the
range of jobs open to them and which traditionally affect their choice of career: [1]
physical strength example, the army [2] traditional upbringing women tend to
favour caring professions examples, nursing, care of children and the elderly.
Paragraph 3: personal view that men and women should have equal opportunities
in all careers: [1] women now have equal educational opportunities in many
societies, making them qualified to undertake the same work as men [2] modern
views have broken the traditional barriers, which effectively barred men and
women from doing certain jobs in the past: construction workers, truck drivers,
soldiers in the case of women; nursing, cooking and cleaning jobs in the case of
men.
Conclusion: sex discrimination at work is not tolerated as much as in the past
personal view is to welcome this change and to look forward to the continuation of
the trend.
ANSWER
It is true that some people still believe that men and women are born with different
qualities which determine what jobs are open to them. While there were strong
arguments to justify this view in the past, I completely disagree that it should apply
to the world of work today.

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On the one hand, it used to be thought that men and women have some distinct
characteristics which affect the range of jobs open to them and which traditionally
affect their choice of career. In terms of physical strength, when most work was
still performed manually, it was argued that women were simply not strong
enough to work on construction sites or drive heavy trucks. They were also
believed to be unsuited to dangerous jobs, so few women entered the army. In
terms of traditional stereotypes, women were considered to be more caring and
sensitive than men, so they tended to enter professions such as nursing or the care
of children and the elderly.
On the other hand, the workplace has changed dramatically, and I believe that there
is no room for outdated attitudes towards the capabilities of men and women. Men
and women should enjoy equal opportunities in all careers. Firstly, changes in
education have given women the same chance to gain qualifications as men. If they
work hard, they deserve the opportunity to reach the top in their chosen field.
Secondly, a more modern outlook has broken the traditional barriers, which
effectively prevented men and women from doing certain jobs in the past:
construction workers, truck drivers or soldiers in the case of women; nursing,
cooking and cleaning jobs in the case of men.
In conclusion, I would argue that there is no room today for sex discrimination at
work either against women or against men.
298 words.
Dch i
cng bi vit:
M bi: gii thiu mt s kin tri chiu v vn ny; nu quan im c nhn
khng ng vi kin bi

Page 78
on 2: n ng v ph n c nhng c im khc bit, iu ny lm nh hng
n loi c hi cng vic m ra vi h v t nh hng quyt nh chn ngh
ca h: [1] th lc v d, qun i [2] qu trnh nui dy truyn thng ph n
thng thch nhng ngh lin quan n quan tm, chm sc v d, iu dng,
chm tr v chm sc ngi gi.
on 3: kin c nhn: n ng v ph n cn c c hi cng bng trong mi
cng vic: [1] ph n c c hi c hc hnh, o to tng ng n ng trong
nhiu x hi/cng ng ngi, iu khin h c kh nng lm nhng
cng vic n ng thng lm [2] t tng hin i ph v nhng ro cn
truyn thng nhng th cn n ng v ph n lm mt s cng vic nht nh
trong qu kh: cng nhn cng trng, ti x xe ti, b i trong trng hp ca
ph n; iu dng, nu n v dn dp trong trng hp ca n ng.
Kt lun: phn bit gii tnh trong cng vic khng cn c chp nhn nhiu nh
qu kh na kin c nhn: cho n s thay i ny v mong ch s tip ni
ca n.
P N
ng l nhiu ngi cn tin rng n ng v ph n sinh ra vi nhiu phm cht
khc bit v iu quyt nh loi cng vic ph hp vi h. Mc d c nhiu
lun im mnh chng minh kin ny trong qu kh, ti hon ton phn i vic
p dng n trong th trng vic lm ngy nay.
Mt mt, n ng v ph n tng c nh gi l c nhng c im khc bit v
nhng c im ny nh hng c hi vic lm m ra cho h, v iu nh
hng n quyt nh ngh nghip ca h. Xt v th lc, khi m hu ht mi vic
u c lm bng tay th ph n c cho l khng kho mnh lm cng
trng hay l li nhng chic xe ti nng. H cng c cho l khng hp vi
nhng cng vic nguy him, nn rt him ph n tham gia qun i. Xt v nhng
khun mu p t ln con ngi, ph n c cho l chu o v nhy cm hn

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n ng, nn h thng lm nhng vic nh iu dng hay chm sc tr em v
ngi gi.
Mt khc, ni lm vic thay i rt nhiu, v ti tin rng khng cn ch cho
nhng quan im li thi v kh nng ca n ng v ph n. n ng v ph n
nn c cc c hi ngang nhau trong mi cng vic. Th nht, s thay i trong
gio dc cho ph n c hi tng ng c c bng cp nh n ng. Nu
h chm ch lm vic, h xng ng c c hi t n nh cao trong lnh vc
h chn. Th hai, mt ci nhn hin i hn ph v ro cn truyn thng
th ngn cn n ng v ph n lm mt s cng vic c th trong qu kh:
cng nhn cng trng, ti x xe ti hay b i trong trng hp ca ph n; iu
dng, nu n v dn dp trong trng hp ca n ng.
Cui cng, ti mun bin lun rng ngy nay khng c ch cho phn bit gii
tnh ti ni cng s - k c khi l phn bit i x vi ph n hay vi n ng.
VOCABULARY
the world of work [expression] (th trng vic lm) the type of work people
do, the job market and the possibilities for employment
Example: The world of work is changing more women are leaving home to find
jobs and pursue a career.
manually [adverb] (bng tay) by hand
Example: The first cars were produced manually, but soon machines replaced
people in the factories.
construction site [noun] (cng trng) an area of land where something is
built
Example: The area is now full of machinery, because it is now the construction
site for a new road.

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stereotype [noun] (khun mu, cng thc ngi ta hay p t ln mt
ngi/vt) a fixed idea or image that people have of a particular person or thing,
which is often not true in reality
Example: He is not the traditional stereotype of a businessman he wears old
jeans and travels around on a motorbike.
sensitive [adjective] (nhy cm) aware of and able to understand other
peoples emotions and feelings
Example: She works in a home for old people, and she is very kind and sensitive.
outdated [adjective] (li thi) no longer useful, because it is old-fashioned
and not suited to todays needs
Example: The company uses no new equipment all the machinery is outdated.
reach the top [expression] (t n nh cao) to arrive at the highest position
in your company or organisation
Example: He has reached the top of his profession as head of the company.
barrier [noun] (ro cn) a problem, a rule or a situation that prevents you
from doing something
Example: Age should not be a barrier to gaining access to university.
sex discrimination [noun] (phn bit gii tnh) treating somebody or a
particular group in society less fairly than others because of their gender
Example: The new sex discrimination law protects men and women from unfair
treatment when they are looking for a job.
14. (24/09/16) Many countries use fossil fuels such as coal or oil as the main
sources of energy. However, in some countries the use of alternative sources of
energy is encouraged.Do you think this a positive or negative development?
Essay Plan:

Page 81
Introduction: Agree with/comment on the task statement. The switch to
alternative energy has more benefits than drawbacks
Paragraph 2: the negative aspects of alternative energy: [i] safety of nuclear
power example, accidents Japan [ii] wind farms noise pollution.
Paragraph 3: the positive aspects: [i] fossil fuels have created many
environmental problems of pollution, alternative sources of energy do not do so
[ii] wind, solar power are renewable sources, so energy supplies are sustainable
Conclusion: despite some concerns, use of alternative energy sources should
continue to be encouraged.
ANSWER
As a result of the environmental problems which have resulted from traditional
dependence on fossil fuels, some countries have invested in alternative energy
sources. Although there are some dangers in this new approach, I believe that the
benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
On the one hand, there are certainly some negative consequences of increasing
reliance on alternative energy sources. Perhaps the main concern is the issue of
safety. Nuclear power is criticized for its potential to pollute the environment, and
incidents such as the disaster at Fukushima Daiichi in Japan remind the public of
the dangers of nuclear plants. The poisonous and radioactive emissions
produced by the explosion not only killed many people, but also left a legacy of
cancer deaths for the future. Another energy source, wind power, is criticized for a
different reason. For example, many local communities oppose the installation of
wind farms because they may affect the landscape and create too much noise from
their generators.
On the other hand, the key factor is that alternative energy sources do not cause as
much pollution as the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil or coal. Firstly, green

Page 82
power sources are eco-friendly and do not contribute to air pollution. As there
are no carbon emissions, problems of climate change and poor air quality can be
tackled by increasing use of alternative energy. Secondly, wind and solar power
are both renewable sources of energy. Instead of depending on fossil fuels, which
are becoming exhausted, the use of renewable energy will guarantee a boundless
supply of energy for the future generation.
In conclusion, I consider that it is important for governments and the public to

support the use of alternative energy sources, despite the safety concerns and other
impacts.
289 words
Dch i
cng bi vit
M bi: ng vi bi. Vic chuyn sang dng nng lng thay th c nhiu
li hn hi
Paragraph 2: nhng mt xu ca vic s dng nng lng thay th
[i] nng lng nguyn t - V d: cc v tai nn (Nht)
[ii] cc trang tri gi nhim ting n
Paragraph 3: nhng mt tt
[i] nhng ngun nng lng ha thch gy ra cc vn nhim mi trng,
nng lng thay th th khng
[ii] nng lng gi, mt tri c th ti to nn ngun cung cp nng lng l n
nh
Kt bi: mc d cn tn ti mt s mi lo ngi, vic s dng nng lng thay th
nn c khuyn khch
P N

Page 83
Do cc hu qu mi trng ca vic ph thuc vo cc nng lng ha thch,
nhiu nc u t vo cc ngun nng lng nng th. D cn mt s nhng
mi nguy him trong bin php ny, ti tin rng li ch ca n nhiu hn l tc hi.
Mt mt, vic ph thuc vo cc ngun nng lng thay th c th gy ra mt s
h qu tiu cc. C l, mi lo ngi chnh l s an ton. Nng lng ht nhn b ph
phn v tim nng gy nhim mi trng v nhng s vic nh thm ho
Fukushima Daiichi ti Nht Bn nhc nh cng chng v mi nguy him ca cc
nh my ht nhn. Kh ga phng x c hi t v n khng ch khin nhiu ngi
thit mng m cn li nguy c thit mng v cc bnh ung th trong tng lai.
Mt ngun nng lng khc, nng lng gi, cng b ph phn v mt l do khc.
V d, nhiu cng ng a phng phn i s lp t cc nng tri gi v chng
nh hng n khung cnh thin nhin v to qu nhiu ting n t nhng b my
pht.
Mt khc, nguyn do ch yu chnh l cc ngun nng lng thay th gy ra
nhim t hn so vi vic t nng lng ho thch nh du hay than. u tin, cc
ngun nng lng xanh thn thin vi mi trng v khng gp phn vo nhim
khng kh. Do khng to ra kh thi cc-bon, nhng vn v thay i kh hu v
khng kh bn c th c x l bng vic tng cng s dng ngun nng lng
thay th. Th hai, nng lng gi v mt tri u l nhng ngun nng lng ti
to. Thay v da vo nng lng ho thch - ngun nng lng d cn kit, vic s
dng nng lng ti to s m bo mt ngun cung cp nng lng khng gii
hn cho nhng th h tng lai.
Tm li, ti cho rng chnh ph v cng chng cn phi ng h vic s dng cc
ngun nng lng thay th, mc d vn cn tn ti mt s nhng mi lo ngi v s
an ton v cc vn khc.
VOCABULARY
dependence [on] (s ph thuc) [noun] the state of needing something in
order to survive or be successful

Page 84
Example: After the war, the governments dependence on aid from the USA
increased.
reliance [on] (s ph thuc) [noun] a synonym for dependence on
Example: There is more reliance on computers in education nowadays.
nuclear plants (nh my ht nhn) [noun] a factory or place where power is
produced
Example: A Japanese car plant is located next to the nuclear power plant just
outside the city.
radioactive [adjective] sending out harmful rays when atoms are broken up
Example: You must wear special protective clothing when dealing with
radioactive substances.
emissions (kh thi) [noun] substances that are sent out into the air
Example: The government has promised to control chemical and radioactive
emissions because of the dangers to public health.
legacy [noun] a situation that exists now, because of something which
happened in the past
Example: The Chernobyl disaster left a legacy of cancer which has affected the
lives of later generations of children.
installation (s cu t)[noun] the act of fixing something in position, so
that it can be used
Example: After the installation of solar panels on the roof of his house, his
electricity bills were reduced.
wind farms (nng tri gi) [noun] areas of land on which there are many
windmills to produce electricity
Example: From her window, in the past you could see the mountains, but now you
can only see wind farms located on the mountain side.
eco-friendly (thn thin vi mi trng) [adjective] not harmful or
damaging to the environment

Page 85
Example: The new detergent is eco-friendly it will not harm fish or plants in
rivers or the sea.
contribute (ng gp) [verb] to be one of the causes of something
Example: His lack of exercise contributed to his heart problems.
carbon (cc-bon) [noun] a chemical element, released when coal or oil, for
example, are burned
Example: A rise in carbon emissions has resulted from the increasing use of cars.
renewable (c th ti to) [adjective] that is replaced naturally and is
unlikely to be exhausted
Example: Renewable sources of energy such as wind, wave and solar power are
non-polluting.
boundless (khng gii hn) [adjective] without limits, seeming to have no
end
Example: The potential of wind power to meet all our energy demands is
boundless.
15. (25/06/2016) Some people think it is more important for government to

spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent
illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Plan
Introduction: sentence 1: some people think that more government money should
be spent on preventing illness; sentence 2: disagree - more important to treat
people who are ill.
Paragraph 2: it is important to spend money on prevention because [1] more and
more people lead sedentary lifestyles, which can result in serious illnesses it is

Page 86
necessary to promote sport and exercise [2] encourage people to use their cars less
and walk or cycle more to get regular exercise.
Paragraph 3: however, it is more important to focus on treatment because [1] not
all illnesses are the result of lifestyle choices, they may be the result of pollution or
unhealthy living conditions, e.g no clean water [2] funding for hospitals is essential
in order to treat patients who are seriously ill and also to conduct vital research into
new treatments.
Conclusion: disagree resources should be mostly allocated to treating people
who are already ill.
ANSWER
It is true that some people argue for more public expenditure on measures to
prevent illness by promoting a healthy lifestyle. While this would certainly result
in benefits to public health, I disagree with the idea that this should be a higher
priority than the treatment of people who are already suffering from illness.
The promotion of a healthy lifestyle to prevent illness is undoubtedly a worthy aim

of any government. The sedentary routines of many people make them more prone
to the risk of diabetes or heart disease as a result of their inactivity. In modern life,
people are so caught up in the pressures of work or study that they neglect the
importance of keeping fit. Dependence on the car exacerbates the problem of lack
of exercise. Thus, government provision of affordable leisure and sports facilities,
coupled with promotion campaigns to keep fit and healthy would certainly be a
worthwhile initiative to raise the general level of public health.
However, in the process of decision-making on health matters, I would argue that

expenditure should be allocated first to the treatment of people who are ill. Firstly,

Page 87
not all illnesses are the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices by individuals. For
example, respiratory disorders are affected by air pollution in cities, while poor
sanitation and contaminated drinking water contribute to outbreaks of dysentery
and cholera. Secondly, failure to subsidise medicines or to invest in hospitals
would certainly lead to many deaths which could have been avoided by timely
treatment. Hospitals, for instance, have many roles in providing treatment, not
only surgery but also in conducting vital research into the treatment of many life-
threatening conditions, such as cancer or asthma.
In conclusion, while promoting healthy living is important, treatment must have

priority in health service spending.
298 words
Dch i
cng bi vit:
M bi: cu 1: mt s ngi ngh rng ngn sch chnh ph nn c chi tiu cho
vic phng bnh, cu 2: khng ng cha tr cho nhng ngi bnh quan trng
hn
on 2: chi tiu cho vic phng bnh l quan trng v
[1]: ngy cng nhiu ngi li hot ng, vic ny c th gy ra nhiu cn bnh
nghim trng cn phi tuyn truyn th dc th thao
[2]: khuyn khch mi ngi s dng xe t t hn v i b hoc p xe nhiu hn
tp th dc thng xuyn
Paragraph 3: Tuy nhin, vic tp trung cha bnh vn l u tin hng u v
[1] khng phi cn bnh no cng v h qu ca cch sng m c th c gy ra
do nhim hay iu kin sng khng m bo v d: khng c ngun nc sch
[2] ti tr cho cc bnh vin l vic cn thit gip iu tr nhng bnh nhn b
bnh nghim trng v tm ra cc cch cha bnh mi

Page 88
Kt bi: khng ng ti nguyn v nhn lc nn c tp trung cho vic iu
tr cho cc bnh nhn
P N
C nhiu ngi cho rng cng qu nn c chi nhiu hn cho cc bin php
phng nga bnh bng vic khuyn khch li sng lnh mnh. Trong khi chnh
sch ny c th mang li nhiu li ch cho sc khe cng ng, ti khng ng
vi kin rng iu ny nn c u tin hn vic cha tr cho cc bnh nhn mc
bnh nghim trng.
Vic tuyn truyn li sng lnh mnh ngn nga bnh l mt trong nhng mc
tiu quan trng khng th chi ci ca mi chnh ph. Li sng th ng khin
nhiu ngi c nguy c mc phi bnh tiu ng hay bnh tim, l hu qu ca
vic thiu vn ng. Trong cuc sng hin i, con ngi bn bu vi p lc cng
vic v hc tp n ni m h qun i s cn thit ca vic duy tr sc kho. S
ph thuc vo xe t khin vic thiu th dc trm trng hn. V vy, s cung cp
cc dch v gii tr v th thao ca chnh ph, cng vi cc chin dch tuyn truyn
gi gn sc kho s l khuyn khch vic nng cao sc kho cng ng.
Tuy nhin, khi a ra nhng quyt nh v vn sc kho, ti cho rng cng qu
nn c s dng cho vic iu tr nhng ngi b m. u tin, khng phi cn
bnh no cng xut pht t li sng khng lnh mnh. V d, nhng cn bnh v
ng h hp l s nh hng ca nhim khng kh cc thnh ph, trong khi
v sinh thp v ngun nc ung b nhim gp phn gy ra bnh l v t. Th
hai, s tht bi trong vic tr cp thuc men hay u t cho cc bnh vin s dn
n nhiu thit mng ng tic m c th trnh khi nu c s cha tr kp thi.
Cc bnh vin ng vai tr ln trong vic cung cp iu tr, khng ch phu thut
m cn thc hnh cc nghin cu quan trng nhm tm ra cc phng php cha
tr cho cc cn bnh nguy him n tnh mng nh ung th v hen suyn.

Page 89
Tm li, d vic khuyn khch li sng kho mnh l quan trng, vic iu tr nn
c u tin trong vic chi tiu cho cc dch v sc kho.
VOCABULARY
sedentary: (ngi yn, t vn ng)[adjective] in which you spend a lot of
time sitting down
Example: She has a sedentary job, working as a secretary in an office.
prone: (d mc phi ci g ) [adjective] likely to suffer from something
Example: Professionals sportspeople are more prone to injury than most people.
be caught up in: (phi lm vic g) [phrasal verb] become involved in
something, even when you do not want to be
Example: I was so caught up in my work that I forgot to prepare my lunch.
exacerbate: (trm trng ho) [verb] to make something worse, such as a
problem or a disease
Example: His aggressive reaction exacerbated the situation, and soon a fight
started.
affordable: (phi chng) [adjective] cheap enough so that people can buy
it/pay for it
Example: Membership of the new gym is not expensive it is affordable even for
people who dont have much money.
respiratory disorders: (bnh h hp) [noun] problems related to breathing
Example: Smoking is particularly dangerous for people who have respiratory
disorders.
sanitation: (v sinh) [noun] the systems and equipment that keep places
clean, especially by removing human waste
Example: By improving sanitation in the city, the authorities were able to reduce
the impact of some serious diseases.
contaminated: (b nhim) [adjective] made dirty by adding something that
is dangerous or carries a disease

Page 90
Example: The drinking water has become contaminated as a result of dangerous
chemicals in the water supply.
subsidise: (tr cp) [verb] give money to an organisation to help to pay for
something
Example: The new housing project is subsidised by the government.
timely: (kp thi) [adjective] happening at the right time
Example: The timely arrival of the police prevented the crime.
life-threatening: (nguy him n tnh mng) [adjective] likely to kill
someone
Example: The virus is known to be life-threatening, and many people have already
died.
condition: (tnh trng) [noun] the state of someones health or how fit they
are
Example: He suffers from a serious heart condition and he is now in hospital for
treatment.
16. (22/10/16) Some people believe that people have the right to university
education, and government should make it free no matter what their financial
background. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
Introduction sentence + opinion [disagree]
Paragraph 2: people from poor financial backgrounds should be able to study
at university free, because [1] they will be excluded from higher education and a
good career if they cannot go to university example: poor black communities in
the US in the past
Paragraph 3: not everybody can expect to receive free government funding
[1] people from rich families should expect to pay, because they can afford it [2]

Page 91
government cannot pay for everyone because it has to fund other important areas,
like health or the environment.
Conclusion: it is not practical to give public funds to everyone who wishes
to study at university they must be given only to those who are poor.
ANSWER
It is true that some people argue for the universal right to free university
education. While this ideal is a worthy aim, I believe that it is impractical for
governments to implement such a policy.
On the one hand, it is not a utopian dream to expect government authorities to

fund higher education for those poorer sections of society, with low incomes and
no savings. Without such funding, people from poor backgrounds would be unable
to attend university. As a consequence, they would be excluded from many well-
paid careers as engineers, doctors or lawyers. Social inequalities would be
perpetuated and society as a whole would suffer, since those from low-income
backgrounds would have no opportunity to develop their talents. The example of
the US, during the struggle for civil rights for blacks and other minorities, shows
the folly of denying equal educational opportunities for the poor.
On the other hand, there would be an enormous strain on government budgets if

free access to university were a right for everyone. At its simplest, people from
rich families can afford to pay tuition fees and for their own maintenance during
their studies. Attendance at university is a privilege, not a right, and if students can
afford to pay for their studies, they should do so. In practical terms, governments
cannot pay for the rich as well as the poor. Governments are faced with practical
decisions on how to allocate their finite budgets, and funding free higher
education for everyone would mean less money to spend on pressing issues such as
health care or the environment.

Page 92
In conclusion, I disagree with the view that free higher education should be a right
for everyone in society, and funding should be limited to those who otherwise
could not afford to attend university.
297 words
Dch i
Dn :
Cu gii thiu + nu kin [khng ng ]
on 2: nhng ngi thuc tng lp thu nhp thp nn c hc i hc
min ph, v [1] h s b loi ra khi vic hc cao hn v c mt cng vic tt nu
nh h khng th hc i hc - v d: cng ng ngi da en ngho Hoa K
trong qu kh
on 3: khng phi ai cng mong mun c ti tr tin t chnh ph - [1]
ngi giu s mun t tr, v h c kh nng chi tr [2] chnh ph khng th tr
ht cho mi ngi v h cn phi tr cho nhng vn quan trng khc, nh l sc
kho hay mi trng.
Kt lun: khng thc t ti tr cho bt c ai mun hc i hc - ch ti tr
cho ngi ngho.
P N
ng l mt s ngi tranh lun v mt quyn chung c gio dc bc i
hc min ph. Trong khi y l mt mc tiu ng coi trng, ti tin rng chnh
ph thi hnh chnh sch ny l mt chuyn khng thc t.
Mt mt, vic hi vng chnh ph ti tr gio dc bc cao hn cho nhng thnh
phn ngho kh ca x hi, c thu nhp thp v khng c tin tit kim th khng
phi l mt gic m khng tng. Nu khng c ngun ti tr nh th, nhng
ngi ngho s khng c kh nng hc i hc. V vy, h s b loi ra khi
nhng cng vic tr lng cao nh l k s, bc s hay lut s. S thiu cng bng

Page 93
trong x hi s b duy tr v c x hi s phi chu ng iu ny; chnh bi nhng
ngi thuc tng lp thu nhp thp s khng c c hi pht trin kh nng ca bn
thn. V d nh Hoa K, trong khi u tranh ginh quyn cng dn cho ngi da
en v nhng dn tc thiu s khc, cho thy phn quyt sai lm khi chi b
c hi bnh ng trong gio dc cho ngi ngho.
Mt khc, nu gio dc i hc min ph tr thnh quyn cho tt c mi ngi,
vic ny s to mt p lc khng l ln ngn sch quc gia. n gin nht, ngi
giu c th t chi tr hc ph v ph duy tr cuc sng khi ang hc. Hc i hc
l mt c n, khng phi quyn, v nu sinh vin c th t chi tr cho vic hc
ca mnh th h nn lm vy. Thc t th chnh ph khng th chi tr cho c ngi
giu ln ngi ngho. Chnh ph phi i mt vi nhng quyt nh thc t v vic
phn phi ngun ngn sch c hn ca h, v ti tr nn gio dc bc cao hn
mt cch min ph cho tt c mi ngi ng ngha vi vic t tin dnh cho nhng
vn quan trng nh chm sc sc kho hay mi trng.
Kt lun th ti khng ng vi kin rng mt nn gio dc min ph bc cao
nn l quyn cho tt c mi ngi trong x hi, v ti tr tin ch nn gii hn cho
nhng ngi khng th chi tr i hc i hc.
VOCBULARY
universal: [adjective] (ph bin, chung) involving all the people in the world
Example: Declining health is a universal characteristic of old age.
worthy: [adjective] (ng (coi) trng) having good qualities that deserve
your respect
Example: The government is proposing a worthy policy of providing free health
care for all citizens.
utopian: [adjective] (khng tng) having a strong, but not practical, belief
that everything can be perfect
Example: In a utopian society, we would all be healthy, rich and happy.

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fund: [verb] (ti tr) to provide money for something official
Example: The construction of the new bridge will be funded by the government.
savings: [noun] (tin tit kim) money that you have saved, especially in a
bank
Example: He put all his savings into buying a house.
exclude: [verb] (loi tr) to prevent somebody from taking part or joining
something
Example: For many years, women were excluded from sports such as football and
basketball.
perpetuate: [verb] (duy tr) to make something last for a long time, for
example an idea or a bad situation
Example: The school perpetuates the belief that boys are better at science than
girls.
background: [noun] (lai lch, tng lp) the details of a persons family,
education, wealth....
Example: Despite their different social backgrounds, they became good friends.
folly: [noun] (hnh ng di di; phn quyt sai) a lack of good judgement
or the fact of doing something stupid
Example: Quitting a good job was the biggest act of folly of my career.
strain: [noun] (p lc) pressure on somebody or something
Example: The repayments for my new car are putting a strain on my finances.
maintenance: [noun] (th cn duy tr cuc sng) the things that you need
in order to live food, housing, clothes....
Example: My part-time job paid for my maintenance while I was studying.
privilege: [noun] (c quyn, c n) something that you are fortunate to
have the chance to do
Example: His lectures were fanastic it was a privilege to be able to hear them.

Page 95
allocate: [verb] (phn phi) to give something to somebody for a specific
purpose
Example: The library is allocating some of its budget to buying new books.
finite: [adjective] (c hn) having a definite limit
Example: The worlds resources of oil and gas are finite one day they will be
finished.
17. Task 2: Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language.
To what extent do you agree with this statement? (03/11/16)
Essay Plan:
introduction it is very useful to learn a foreign language in school, but

children should not be forced to learn one
paragraph 2 children should be encouraged to learn a foreign language at
school [1] they learn about other cultures and can travel abroad; example school
exchange programmes and scholarships [2] they can access information only
available in another language; example materials in English on the internet [3]
children learn a second language faster than adults, and there are lots of enoyable
and interesting materials to help children learn foreign languages
paragraph 3 children should not be forced to learn a foreign language at
school [1] they will learn more effectively if they are motivated to learn [2]
children must be able to understand the relevance of compulsory school subjects to
their present and future lives.
conclusion: schoolchildren should be encouraged, but not forced, to learn a
foreign language.
cng bi vit:
m bi vic hc mt ngoi ng c li ch to ln nhng tr em khng nn b

p buc
on 2- tr em nn c khuyn khch hc mt ngoi ng trng [1]
chng hc v nhng nn vn ha khc v c th du lch nc ngoi; v d - cc
chng trnh giao lu vn ha v hc bng ti trng [2] chng c th tip cn vi
thng tin ch mt ngn ng khc; v d - cc ti liu ting Anh trn mng [3] tr

Page 96
em hc mt ngn ng th hia nhanh hn ngi ln v c rt nhiu ti liu hay v
th v gip tr em hc cc ngoi ng
on 3- tr em khng nn b p buc hc mt ngoi ng trng [1] chng
s hc hiu qu hn nu chng c ng lc hc tp [2] chng phi hiu s lin
quan ca cc mn hc bt buc vi cuc sng hin ti v tng lai ca chng
kt bi: hc sinh nn c khuyn khch ch khng phi p buc phi hc
mt ngoi ng
Amended essay:
It is true that some people argue that a foreign language should not be one of the
compulsory subjects studied in schools. While I believe that it is useful for
schoolchildren to learn a foreign language, I agree completely that they should not
be forced to do so.
On the one hand, it will benefit the education of most children if they are
encouraged learn a foreign language during their school years. Firstly, through
studying the language they will learn about the culture of that country, and some
schools even arrange exchange visits, to enable students to briefly immerse
themselves in the culture of the foreign country whose language they are learning.
Secondly, children can access information in another language. For example, if
they are studying English, they can enjoy websites which are only available in
English on any topic in which they are interested. Finally, children can be
encouraged to learn a foreign language through the range of enjoyable and fun
materials available nowadays, especially interactive online learning.
On the other hand, it would be counterproductive to forcibly oblige

schoolchildren to learn a foreign language. One reason is that children will not
learn effectively through compulsion alone. They must be motivated to do so and
this is only achieved through enthusiastic teachers who select stimulating
language-learning activities. Another reason is that schoolchildren will be
reluctant to learn a foreign language if they cannot see why it might be relevant to
their present or future lives. For example, individual Vietnamese pupils should not
be forced to learn English if they are certain that they will never need or want to
use it in the future.
In conclusion, I would argue that schools should encourage, but not compel,
children to learn a foreign language.

Page 97
292 words
Bi vit chnh sa
Rt nhiu ngi cho rng ngoi ng khng nn l mt mn hc bt buc trng.

Mc d ti tin l vic hc ngoi ng l hu dng vi tr em, ti ng rng chng
khng nn b bt p phi lm iu .
Mt mt, nu nh tr em c khuyn khch hc mt ngoi ng trong nhng nm

i hc th iu s c li cho vic hc tp ca chng. u tin, qua vic hc
ngn ng, chng c th tm hiu v vn ha ca t nc bn a v mt s trng
c th t chc cc chng trnh trao i nhm to iu kin cho hc sinh m mnh
vo vn ha ca t nc m chng ang hc ting. Th hai, tr em c th tip cn
vi thng tin mt ngn ng khc. V d, nu chng hc ting Anh, chng c th
truy cp cc trang mng ch hin th ting Anh v bt c ch no chng thy
thch th. Cui cng, tr em c th c khuyn khch hc mt ngoi ng qua c
s cc ti liu hay v th v c sn ngy nay, nht l hc tng tc qua mng.
Mt khc, bt p tr em hc mt ngoi ng c th s phn tc dng. Mt l do l

tr em khng th hc hiu qu ch di s p buc. Chng cn c to ng lc
thc hin iu ny v n ch c th t c vi nhng gio vin tm huyt,
nhng ngi s la chn nhng hot ng hc ting mang tnh khuy ng. Mt l
do khc chnh l tr em s trng bc trc vic hc mt ngoi ng nu chng
khng nhn thy s lin quan n cuc sng hin ti v tng lai ca chng. V d,
cc hc sinh Vit Nam khng nn b p buc hc ting Anh nu h khng c nhu
cu hoc khng mun dng n trong tng lai.
Tm li, ti ngh rng cc trng hc nn khuyn khch m khng bt buc tr em

hc ngoi ng.
Vocabulary:
exchange visit: (chuyn i trao i) [noun] an arrangement when children from

schools visit each other for a short period in their different countries
Example: Our school organises exchange visits every year with a school in
France.

Page 98
immerse: (m mnh, chm mnh) [verb] to become completely involved in
something
Example: She was a very dedicated teacher who immersed herself in her work.
enjoyable: (th v, thch th) [adjective] giving pleasure
Example: We spent a very enjoyable weekend at the beach.
fun: (th v, ng nghnh) [adjective] amusing and enjoyable

Example: There are a lot of fun things for children to do in Disneyland.
interactive: (mang tnh tng tc) [adjective] that allows information to be passed
continuously and in both directions between a computer and a person who uses it
Example: This site for learning English has interactive grammar exercises to
practise what you have learned.
counterproductive: (phn tac dng) [adjective] having an opposite result or effect

to the result that you want
Example: Improved safety features in cars can be counterproductive because
they encourage people to drive faster.
forcibly: (bng sc mnh, bng v lc) [adverb] using force

Example: He was forcibly taken from his house by the police.
oblige: (bt buc, cng bch) [verb] to force somebody to do something, because
it is a rule or law
Example: Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
compulsion: (s p buc, s cng bch) [noun] strong pressure to do something

that you do not want to do
Example: Compulsion to obey the school rules ensured that discipline was
maintained.
stimulating: (mang tnh khch thch, khuy ng) [adjective] full of interesting
ideas and making people feel enthusiastic
Example: The university offers a stimulating environment for students to learn.

Page 99
reluctant: (chn ch, trng bc) [adjective] hesitating before doing something
because you do not want to do it
Example: The two teams came to a reluctant decision to stop the game after the
storm.
compel: (bt p) [verb] to force somebody to do something

Example: The law can compel fathers to make payments to their children after a
marriage ends in divorce.
18. More and more people think there is no need for printed paper
newspapers.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (19/11/16)
Essay Plan:
introduction it is true that many people hold this opinion. However, I

disagree printed newspapers still have a role to play
paragraph 2: admit the advantages of online news or radio/TV news [1]
news can be updated by the minute [2] most people nowadays have access to a
radio/TV or the internet
paragraph 3: still important role for printed newspapers because [1] reading
a paper is a daily habit which many people still enjoy [2] a printed paper can be
passed to others to read
conclusion: although they have declined in popularity, printed newspapers
are still the preferred choice for many people to read the news.
Dn :
Gii thiu ng l nhiu ngi gi quan im ny. Tuy nhin, ti khng
ng - Bo in vn ng mt vai tr nht nh
on 2: tha nhn nhng u im ca tin tc trc tuyn hoc tin radio /
TV [1] tin tc c th c cp nht tng pht [2] hu ht mi ngi ngy nay c
radio / TV hoc internet
on 3: bo in vn ng mt vai tr quan trng v [1] c mt bi bo l
mt thi quen hng ngy ca nhiu ngi [2] mt bi bo in c th c truyn
cho ngi khc c
Kt lun: mc d ph bin ca bo in gim, bo in vn l s la
chn ca nhiu ngi khi mun c tin tc.

Page 100
Amended Essay:
It is true that many people believe that there is no longer any role for printed
newspapers in the modern world of high-speed communication. While there are
strong arguments to support this view, I would argue that there is still a continuing
need for newspapers today.
The advantages of news which is available through the internet, TV or radio cannot
be denied. Firstly, news from all around the world can be updated by the minute,
often accompanied by live video or in the case of radio audio recordings. Thus,
those who follow news such as political events, stock market movements or those
who are simply keen on sport have all come to expect instant communication.
Secondly, only the most remote corners of the world now have no access to radio
or TV transmissions, and the internet is casting its web to reach an ever-wider
audience. The spread of alternative options has therefore reduced the dependence
on printed newspapers as the sole or main source of information.
Despite such advantages of news communicated by other, faster means, I consider

that printed news is still important in todays world. One reason is that not
everyone wants or needs to live their life at a fast pace. The elderly in particular
often enjoy the leisurely routine of reading the newspaper over breakfast or while
sitting in their living room in the mornings. Another consideration is that a printed
newspaper can simply be picked up and put down at will. For example, I often
read a newspaper on the train or bus to work and then I usually leave the paper on
the seat for another passenger to read if they wish.
In conclusion, although they have declined in popularity, printed newspapers are

still a necessary part of communicating the news.
297 words
Bi cha:
ng l nhiu ngi tin rng bo in khng cn ng vai tr g trong th gii hin
i ca truyn thng tc cao. Trong khi c nhiu lp lun thuyt phc ng h
quan im ny, ti cho rng vn c mi ngi vn cn nhu cu c bo in ngy
nay.
Nhng li th ca tin tc c sn thng qua internet, truyn hnh hoc radio (i

pht thanh) l khng th ph nhn. Th nht, tin tc t khp ni trn th gii c
th c cp nht tng pht, thng i km vi video trc tip hoc - trong

Page 101
trng hp ca radio bn ghi m. Do , nhng ngi theo di tin tc nh cc s
kin chnh tr, s chuyn ng ca th trng chng khon hoc nhng ngi ch
n gin l quan tm v th dc th thao u mong i s truyn ti thng tin tc
thi. Th hai, ch c cc vng xu xa nht ca th gii by gi mi khng c
quyn truy cp vo radio hoc TV, v internet c tng sc nh hng ca n
tip cn mt lng i tng ngy cng rng hn. Do s lan truyn ca cc
la chn khc lm gim s ph thuc vo bo in nh mt ngun thng tin duy
nht hoc ch yu.
Mc d cc phng tin truyn thng tin khc, nhanh hn, th c nhng li th nh

vy, ti cho rng bo in vn quan trng trong th gii ngy nay. Mt l do l khng
phi ai cng mun hoc cn sng vi. Nhng ngi ln tui ni ring thng c
cc thi quen nhn nh c bo trong ba n sng hoc trong khi ang ngi
trong phng khch ca h vo bui sng. Mt l do khc l mt t bo in c th
c cm ln hay t xung theo mun mt cch rt n gin. V d, ti thng
c bo trn tu hoc xe but khi ang i n ch lm v sau ti thng li
t bo trn ch ngi cho hnh khch khc c nu h mun.
Kt lun li, mc d ph bin ca bo in gim, bo in vn l mt phn cn

thit ca vic truyn tin tc.
Vocabulary:
high-speed: (tc cao) [adjective] that travels, works or happens very fast
Example: The high-speed train from Tokyo to Osaka has reduced the journey time
by 2 hours.
update: (cp nht) [verb] to add the most recent information to something
Example: The records of patients at the hospital are updated regularly.
stock market: (th trng chng khon) [noun] the business of buying and selling
shares in companies
Example: My uncle made a lot of money on the stock market from his
investments in shares.
be keen on: (quan tm, hng th vi) [verb] be enthusiastic about something like
an activity or idea

Page 102
Example: Although he is very keen on football, he also studies a lot in his free
time.
cast a web: (tri nh hng) [expression] spread influence over

something/somebody
Example: The government has cast a web of secrecy over the planned military
operation.
dependence: (s ph thuc) [noun] the state of needing the help or support of

somebody or something
Example: The newspaper article discussed the dependence of Europe on imported
foods.
leisurely: (nhn nh) [adverb] without hurrying

Example: We took a leisurely walk along the beach.
over breakfast: (trong ba sng) [expression] during breakfast

Example: I read the newspaper over breakfast and then discussed the football
news with my friends later over a coffee.
pick up: (nht ln, cm ln) [phrasal verb] take hold of something and lift it
Example: I dropped my umbrella and my friend picked it up for me.
put down: ( xung, t xung) [phrasal verb] to stop holding something and
place it on a table, chair etc

Page 103
DISCUSS
M bi
+ Ni v topic (paraphrase li cu ca bi)
+ Gii thiu rng view 1 ng, view 2 cng c ng
Thn bi 1: nu nguyn nhn gii thch ti sao view 1 ng
Thn bi 2: nu nguyn nhn gii thch ti sao view 2 ng
Kt lun
Nhc li nu ra cu 2 m bi
Lu :
Tuyt i khng nu quan im bn thn bt c phn no trong bi v bi
khng yu cu

Page 104
1. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best
route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job
straight after school. Discuss both views
ANSWER:
Upon graduating from high school, the young often wonder whether they ought
to keep on studying further or not. Many people believe that continuing to study at
a university or college will be the best way to guarantee a successful career,
whereas others believe that working right after school is a better option.
Working straight after graduation is beneficial in some ways. Firstly, by working,

young people will be able to earn money as soon as possible, and since they will
likely be mature enough, they will be able to live independently on their own
income. It is also common knowledge that having a job leads to even more
maturity. Secondly, a person who chooses to get a job instead of pursuing higher
education is likely to progress rapidly in their career. This may help them to
obtain a lot of real experience and skills in their chosen profession.
On the other hand, there are a variety reasons why people tend to choose to
continue their education after high school. First, a college education prepares
young people to meet higher-level qualifications, which is what most employers
expect these days. University graduates usually get a much higher salary than those
without a university education. Furthermore, the job market is becoming more and
more competitive and nowadays people are well-advised to get a degree, as
hundreds of applicants often chase the top jobs. Having a degree is an obvious
advantage that university graduates have. In Vietnam, students who graduate with
an engineering degree are highly paid and have an easy time getting a good job.
In conclusion, it seems evident that both working right after school and choosing
to continue higher-level studies each have their own unique advantages.

Page 105
Dch i
Mt s ngi cho rng hc tp ti cc trng i hc hay cao ng l con
ng tt nht c mt s nghip thnh cng trong khi nhng ngi
khc cho rng c cng n vic lm ngay sau khi ri gh nh trng th tt
hn. Hy tho lun c hai quan im ny.
P N:
Ngay sau khi tt nghip cp ba, cc bn tr thng t hi liu h nn tip tc hc
cao ln hay khng. Nhiu ngi cho rng tip tc i hc i hc hay cao ng s l
con ng tt nht m bo cho mt s nghip thnh cng, trong khi nhiu
ngi tin rng i lm ngay sau khi tt nghip l mt la chn ng n hn.
Lm vic ngay sau khi tt nghip c nhiu li ch mt s im. Th nht, nh c
i lm m cc bn tr c kh nng kim tin sm, v v chng trng thnh,
chng s c kh nng t lp bng chnh thu nhp ca mnh. Hin nhin rng c mt
cng vic khin cho ngi ta trng thnh hn. Th hai, mt ngi la chn lm
vic thay v theo ui bc hc cao hn c kh nng thng tin nhanh hn trong s
nghip. iu ny gip cho h c c nhiu kinh nghim thc tin cng nh k
nng trong ngnh ngh m h chn.
Mt khc, c nhiu l do khin cho mi ngi c nh la chn tip tc hc sau
khi tt nghip ph thng. Th nht, bc gio dc cao ng, i hc trang b cho cc
bn tr p ng c cng vic i hi trnh cao, iu m a s nh tuyn dng
trng i hin nay. Hn th na, th trng vic lm ang ngy cng tr nn cnh
tranh v hin nay mi ngi u c khuyn co phi c bng cp bi hng trm
ng c vin thng xuyn tranh ua t nhng cng vic tt nht. C mt tm
bng l mt li th r rng m cc c nhn c c. Vit Nam, nhng sinh
vin tt nghip vi tm bng v k thut c tr lng cao v d dng c c
cng vic tt.

Page 106
Tm li, ta c th thy r l lm vic ngay sau khi tt nghip ph thng hay la
chn tip tc bc hc cao hn u c nhng li ch c bit nht nh.
VOCABULARY
upon graduating from(ngay sau khi tt nghip t):you use upon to talk
about once you have finished doing something, in this case graduating from a
school; upon graduating from university, she took a job with Google
guarantee a successful career(m bo mt s nghip thnh cng): to
ensure that someone has a good career; to make sure someone has success in their
career; he thinks that getting a degree from Stanford will guarantee a successful
career
straight after(ngay sau khi):when you do something directly after another
thing; right after; he went to the concert straight after dinner
to earn money(kim tin):to make money; to be paid for your work; he
hopes to earn money this summer by working at his fathers store
to live independently(t lp):to live on your own, outside of your parents
home; he is looking forward to the time when he will be able to live
independently and do what he wants
leads to(dn n):to go from one state to another; something that causes a
change that makes you go from one state to another; something causes another
thing; they say that working hard leads to success
pursuing higher education(theo ui bc hc cao hn): to continue to
study at higher and higher levels; the teacher encouraged his student to pursue
higher education in science and math
progress rapidly(thng tin nhanh chng):to improve very quickly;
because he is studying so much, he will definitely be able to progress rapidly
through all the course materials

Page 107
to obtain a lot of real experience(c nhiu kinh nghim thc tin):to
obtain means to get and real experience means real-life experience in the real word
versus just learning things from textbooks or lectures; he decided that he would
obtain a lot of real experience by working during the summer
chosen profession(ngh nghip chn): the career that a person chooses
is their chosen profession; his chosen profession was accounting, and he wasnt
happy with it
to tend to do something(c nh lm g):to usually do a certain thing;
they tend to go swimming on a hot day
to meet higher-level qualifications(c kh nng p ng nhng cng vic
i hi trnh cao):to be able to do higher-level jobs; the qualifications are the
things that you are supposed to be able to do if you want a specific job; he didnt
get the job because he did not meet the higher-level qualifications required for the
position
chase the top jobs(tm kim cng vic tt nht, c v tr quan trng
nht):to go after the best jobs; to try to get the most important positions; he said
that he would not chase the top jobs, but rather start his own business
to have an obvious advantage(c li ch r rng): to have a clear
advantage; to be clearly better at something than another; Germanys soccer team
had an obvious advantage over Mexicos team
it seems evident that(hin nhin rng, r rng l):to appear clear that
something is true; it seems evident that after graduating from Harvard with
straight As, he will be offered a top job with the firm
unique advantages(nhng li ch c bit):special, one-of-a-kind
advantages; things that make you better than another; the unique advantages that
our company has over other startups include awesome perks like free ice cream all
day long and free tickets to basketball games

Page 108
DISCUSS OPINION
M bi
+ Cu th nht: gii thiu ch ca bi mt cch ngn gn (bng cch
paraphrase li cu ca bi)
+ Cu th hai: cp n c 2 quan im v a ra quan im ca bn (v d
bn theo quan im 2)
Thn bi
+ Nu cc h tr cho quan im 1
+ Nu cc h tr cho quan im 2 (th hin r rng l bn ng h quan im
ny)
Kt lun
Tm tt c 2 quan im v kin ca ca bn

Page 109
1. (17/01/2015)Some people think that there should be some strict controls
about noise. Others think that they could just make as much noise as they
want. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
ANSWER:
It is argued that some essential measures should be applied to control noise.
While some individuals say that they have the freedom to make noise as they like,
I would argue that it would be better to reduce noise.
On the one hand, some people like to make as much noise as they want for various
reasons. Firstly, many of them feel more comfortable and free when creating
noise from different activities while working or entertaining. For example, turning
the volume louder to enjoy favourite songs makes them feel relaxed after a long
busy day, although it may disturb their next-door neighbours. Secondly, people
often consider noise as a part of the industrialization and modernization process,
therefore it is unavoidable. Traffic noise or engine noise seems to have become
more familiar to urban citizens. As a result, they feel that there are no particular
reasons to control noise.
On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial to impose some laws to
strictly control noise. The first reason is that noise has harmful impacts on
peoples health. For instance, some of my friends cannot sleep at night because of
intrusive sounds from a nearby industrial zone . If this situation lasts for a long
time, it will definitely lead to a deterioration in their mental and physical health.
Furthermore, the productivity of work may be reduced as a consequence of noise.
A lot of white-collar workers report that they cannot fully concentrate on their
tasks because of the constant noise from vehicles in the street.

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In conclusion, it seems to me that noise should be limited in order to have a better
life, although some people insist on making a lot of noise without any
consideration for others.
291 words
COMMENTS
This essay is an ideal length 291 words. You give a clear opinion which relates directly to the
question.
The essay is balanced - 2 main paras which relate to the question.Your points are all relevant
and varied and you could give support with clear examples and explanations to your points.
Your conclusion rounds the essay off effectively.There is a clear progression of the essay and
ideas are arranged coherently its easy to read and follow your message. You use a variety of
simple and complex linkers accurately and appropriately. Paragraphs are very well constructed.
Dch i
(17/01/2015) Mt s ngi ngh rng nn c s kim sot cht ch mc
ting n. Nhng ngi khc li cho rng h c th gy ting n bt k h
mun nh th no. Hy tho lun c hai quan im trn v nu kin ca
ring anh/ch.
P N
Ngi ta cho rng nn p dng mt vi bin php nht nh kim sot ting n.
Trong khi c nhng c nhn cho rng h c quyn t do gy n o theo thch.
Ti th cho rng ting n gim th s tt hn.
Mt mt, c nhiu l do ngi ta thch c gy n o theo mun. Th nht,
c nhiu ngi cm thy thoi mi v t do hn khi gy ting n trong lc lm vic
hay gii tr. V d nh bt ting loa ln hn thng thc m nhc khin h cm
thy th gin sau mt ngy lm vic di bn rn, mc d iu c th lm phin
n hng xm lng ging. Th hai, nhiu ngi thng cho rng ting n l mt
phn ca cng nghip ho v hin i ho, do vy iu ny l khng th trnh khi.
Ting n giao thng hay ting ng c dng nh tr nn quen thuc vi ngi

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dn th. Do vy, h cm thy khng c mt l do c th no phi kim sot
ting n.
Mt khc, ti cho rng s c nhiu li ch hn nu t ra cc lut l nghim khc
kim sot ting n. L do th nht l ting n gy nh hng xu n sc
kho ca con ngi. V d nh mt vi ngi bn ca ti khng th ng vo ban
m ch v nhng ting n kh chu t khu cng nghip ln cn. Tnh hnh ny nu
ko di s dn n nguy hi v sc kho c v mt th xc ln tinh thn. Thm vo
, nng sut cng vic c th gim st bi ting n. Rt nhiu ngi gii vn
phng ku ca rng h khng th tp trung vo cng vic bi nhng ting n khng
ngng ngh pht ra t cc phng tin giao thng trn ng ph.
Tm li, c nhn ti cho rng c cuc sng tt p hn th ting n nn c
hn ch., mc d c nhiu ngi vn mc nhin gy rt nhiu ting n m khng
quan tm n nhng ngi xung quanh.
VOCABULARY
essential measures(bin php thit yu):to create a rule or law that is
necessary or important to promote or stop some type of behavior
Example: The mayor decided to enact a few essential measures to stop further air
pollution in the city.
reduce noise(gim ting n):to lessen the amount of noise from some
source, like from traffic, machines, clubs, etc
Example: The city council decided to reduce noise in the downtown area by
limiting traffic to only a few streets and turning some roads into pedestrian areas
only.
various reasons(nhiu l do khc nhau):a variety of reasons why you
might do something, different reasons
Example: He was not able to attend this mornings meeting for various reasons,
one of them being that his plane landed 30 minutes late.

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next-door neighbours(hng xm lng ging):people who live right next to
you in a neighborhood or in an apartment building
Example: My next-door neighbors painted their house blue.
modernization process(qu trnh hin i ha):the things that people do as
they modernize their economy
Example: As part of the modernization process, the city purchased 10 new electric
cars that will be used by city government officials.
urban citizens(c dn th): people who live in cities, in urban areas vs in
rural areas
Example: Transportation is an important issue for urban citizens.
particular reasons(l do c th):certain or specific reasons why you do or
dont do something
Example: I am not sure about the particular reasons why she decided to cancel the
show.
harmful impacts(tc ng c hi):when something causes a negative effect
on something
Example: One of the harmful impacts of tourism is environmental degradation.
intrusive sounds(m thanh gy kh chu):sounds that negatively affect
your experience
Example: The noise from the factories represent some of the types of intrusive
sounds that worry citizens who live near industrial areas.
consideration for others( tm ti ngi khc):caring about what another
thinks about something or how it might affect them
Example: The businessmen did not understand that they needed to have
consideration for others in planning the construction of a new stadium in the
downtown area.

Page 113
2. (18/4/2015)Some people think that schools should reward students who
show the best academicresults, while others believe that it is more important
to reward students who show improvements. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: there are different views. My opinion reward students who
show improvements.
Paragraph 2: [View I disagree with]
[1] rewards = competition among students. Result: children try harder to get good
scores at school.
[2] rewards = the best students are identified. They can be given special attention
to develop their abilities. Personal example: my own school.
Paragraph 3: [View I agree with]
[1] equal chance for all students to receive rewards. Result: all children are
motivated to try hard.
[2] promotes learning for enjoyment and understanding, not to gain high scores.
Reduces exam pressure and cheating to score high marks.
ANSWER:
It is true that the question of whether to reward students with excellent academic
results or those showing great improvements remains a source of controversy in
the education field. While a number of people believe that only students achieving
the highest grades deserve rewards, I would argue that praising students who
achieve improvements is much more reasonable.
On the one hand, there are a variety of reasons why awards should be given to
students having excellent academic performances. [1] Firstly, this could create a

Page 114
highly competitive studying environment at school, seeing that students often
desire to win prizes. As a consequence, school children could be encouraged to put
their effort into studying for the highest scores. [2] Secondly, by adopting this
approach, gifted students who are outstanding could be given opportunities to
nurture their abilities. My secondary school, for instance, selects students with
the best results for extra classes to develop their capabilities in order to take them
to national competitions.
On the other hand, I believe that giving encouragement to those who make strides
in their studies results in more favourable outcomes. [1]The first benefit is that
this could give equal chances for every student to receive awards, rather than only
focus on the highest achievers. Instead of feeling disappointed when competing
with their top classmates, students who are recognized for their effort during
semesters will feel motivated if they are rewarded for making significant progress.
[2] Another benefit is that this form of recogniton follows the holistic principle of
learning, which is to access the world of knowledge, not just to gain high scores.
Consequently, several common phenomena which occur when examinations
approach, including pressure, anxiety and cheating, would be reduced.
In conclusion, although rewarding students with the highest scores is advantageous

to some extent, it seems to me that it is better to give encouragement to those who
have improved their level of academic performance.
318 words
COMMENTS
Correctly, you discussed both views at approximately equal length.
You maintained a consistent and clear position throughout the response [in the introduction, the
conclusion and at the beginning of paragraph 3]. You certainly sequenced information and ideas
logically. I like the fact that you used paragraph 3 to discuss the view which YOU personally
agree with. This method then provides the perfect link to what you wrote in your conclusion.

Page 115
Your excellent topic sentences provided a clear indication of the central idea in each main
paragraph, and I always like the use of On the one hand/On the other hand when we have to
discuss both views. Of course, we both agree that Firstly/Secondly is useful to identify
arguments in one of the main paragraphs.
Dch i
(18/4/2015) Nhiu ngi cho rng trng hc nn khen thng nhng hc
sinh t c kt qu hc tp tt nht trong khi nhng ngi khc ngh rng
vic khen thng nhng hc sinh c kt qu tin b quan trng hn. Hy tho
lun c hai quan im trn v nu ra kin ca c nhn bn.
a ra l do cho cu tr li ca bn bao gm nhng v d thch hp t kinh
nghim v kin thc ca bn than.
P N:
lnh vc gio dc, cu hi c t ra l liu c nn khen thng nhng hc sinh
t thnh tch hc tp xut sc hay nhng bn c s tin b r rt vn ang l vn
tranh ci. Trong khi mt s ngi tin rng ch nhng hc sinh sinh vin t
im s cao nht mi xng ng c khen thng, ti cho rng s hp l hn khi
biu dng nhng hc sinh t c nhng tin b trong hc tp.
Mt mt, c rt nhiu l do khc nhau khen thng nhng hc sinh c thnh
tch hc tp xut sc. Trc ht, iu ny to nn mi trng hc tp c tnh cnh
tranh gt gao trng hc bi cc em hc sinh thng mong mun ginh ly phn
thng. Do , cc em c khuyn khch n lc vo vic hc t c im
s cao nht. Th hai, bng cc p dng phng php ny, nhng hc sinh c t
cht v ni bt c c nhiu c hi hn bi dng nng khiu. V d nh ti
trng cp hai ca ti, nhng bn hc sinh c kt qu cao nht c chn la
hc ti cc lp bi dng gip pht trin kh nng tham gia vo cc k thi cp
quc gia.
Mt khc, ti cho rng vic khen thng ng vin cho cc em hc sinh c nhng
bc tin trong hc tp s dn n nhiu kt qu ng mong i. Li ch trc tin

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l cc em hc sinh c c hi bnh ng nh nhau c nhn khen thng,
khng ch ch trng vo nhng em c thnh tch tt nht. Thay v cm thy tht
vng khi phi ganh ua vi cc bn hc sinh gii nht lp, cc em hc sinh c
ghi nhn c n lc trong hc k s cm thy c ng lc nu cc em c khen
thng nh nhng tin b vt bc. Mt u im na l hnh thc ghi nhn ny
da vo ng nguyn tc ton din trong vic hc tp, tip cn th gii tri thc ch
khng ch l t c im s cao. Do , mt vi hin tng xy ra khi cc k thi
n gn nh p lc, cng thng v gian ln s c gim thiu.
Tm li, mc d vic khen thng cc em hc sinh c im s cao nht l c li
mt mc no , c nhn ti cho rng s tt hn nu khen thng ng vin c
nhng em hc sinh c tin b trong vic hc tp.
VOCABULARY
a source of controversy (vn gy tranh ci) a subject of public
discussion, about which people strongly disagree.
Example: The decision of the President to declare war is still a source of
controversy today.
highly competitive(c tnh cnh tranh cao)= a situation in which people or
organisations have to compete against each other.
Example: Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly competitive market.
nurture their abilities(bi dng nng khiu)= to develop their capacity to
learn or do things while they are growing.
Example: Her music teacher recognised and nurtured her abilities, and as a
result she became a famous pianist.
make strides in(c bc tin)= to make great improvements in the way that
something is developing.
Example: Scientists are making strides in the discovery of cures for different
types of cancer.

Page 117
the highest achievers(hc sinh c thnh tch tt nht)= the students who
have the most success and the highest marks.
Example: The highest achievers in my secondary school all went to university
when they left.
the holistic principle of learning(nguyn tc ton din trong hc tp)=
considering education as a whole thing, rather than as separate facts or subjects.
Example: The holistic principle of learning is a belief that the education of
young people involves more than simply preparing them for a career.
3. (21/03/2015) Some people believe famous people's support towards

international aid organizations draws attention to problems. Others think
celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give
your opinion
ANSWER:
It is argued that well-known peoples involvement in global aid
organizationsattracts the attention of the community. While some people
suppose that their participation may downplay the significance of problems, I
would argue that this trend could bring about enormous and positive changes to
society.
On the one hand, famous people can lessen the importance of problems. One
reason is that most people often consider the main purpose of celebrities support
as a way to enhance their reputations. In an effort to attract the attention of
society, a number of important people try to be involved in as many volunteer
projects as possible without any particular passion or interest in those.
Furthermore, the association with celebrities may trivialize the serious work of

Page 118
international aid organizations since the focus of the public may be shifted away
from this endeavour to the fame and public image of the celebrity concerned.
Consequently, we sometimes have to question their motives for involvement.
On the other hand, I strongly believe that celebrities can bring meaningful changes
to social activities. Firstly, they have a huge number of fans who are inspired by
their actions. For example, when My Tam- a Vietnamese legendary singer - took
part in a project to help underprivileged children in mountainous areas,
thousands of youngsters from her fan clubs joined in this project by donating
money and working as volunteers thanks to her encouragement. Secondly,
celebrities are often trusted by both local and international communities, which
may lead to success in raising the profile of aid organizations. As a result , more
people learn about projects and donate money or volunteer to help either
practically or in fund-raising.
In conclusion, although there are some drawbacks to celebrity participation in

international aid organizations, it seems to me that it is more advantageous for the
community that they take part in voluntary activities.
309 words
COMMENT:
I consider that you answered the task fully, Bach. You certainly discussed both views and you
stated your own position clearly throughout the essay. I liked the way that you referred to your
own opinion again at the beginning of paragraph 3.
In paragraph 2, you discussed the view that celebrities may make issues seem less important or
serious when they become involved in support for international aid organisations. Firstly, you
questioned their motives, using these famous organisations just to bring attention to themselves
and raise their own profiles. Secondly,
In paragraph 3, you again explained two ideas and you provided a relevant example to support
the first one. Here, of course, I can imagine that My Tam has some personal involvement in the

Page 119
work with poor children in mountainous areas. It was good that you included an example in
paragraph 3
Dch i
(21/03/2015) Mt s ngi cho rng s ng h ca ngi ni ting i vi cc
t chc vin tr quc t thu ht s quan tm ti cc vn . Nhng ngi
khc li cho rng nhng ngi ni ting khin cho cc vn tr nn t tm
quan trng hn. Hy tho lun c hai quan im v a ra kin c nhn
bn.
P N
Ngi ta cho rng s tham d ca nhng ngi ni ting vo cc t chc vin tr
ton cu thu ht s ch ca cng ng. Trong khi mt s ngi khc cho l s
tham gia ca h c th h thp tm quan trng ca vn , ti cho rng xu hng
ny c th mang li s thay i tch cc v to ln i vi x hi.
Mt mt, ngi ni ting c th lm gim bt tm quan trng ca vn . Mt l
do l hu ht mi ngi thng coi mc ch ch yu cho s ng h ca ngi
ni ting l mt cch nh bng tn tui. Vi n lc thu ht s quan tm ca x
hi, mt s lng ln nhng nhn vt quan trng c gng tham gia vo cng nhiu
d n tnh nguyn cng tt m khng h c s thch th cng nh nim am m
c bit no. Thm vo , s kt hp vi ngi ni ting c th tm thng ho
nhng cng vic nghim tc ca cc t chc vin tr quc t bi s ch tm ca
cng chng c th b chuyn t s n lc ny sang danh ting cng nh hnh tng
ca nhng ngi ni ting c lin quan. Do , chng ta thng phi t cu hi
liu u l ng c h tham gia.
Mt khc, ti tin chc rng ngi ni ting c th mang li nhng thay i c
ngha i vi hot ng x hi. Th nht, h c mt lng ngi hm m rt ln,
nhng con ngi c h truyn cm hng. V d, khi n ca s huyn thoi ca
Vit Nam, ca s M Tm, tham gia vo d n gip tr em c hon cnh kh

Page 120
khn cc vng cao, hng ngn bn tr n t cc fan club nh c s ku gi ca
c y tham gia vo d n ny bng cch quyn gp tin bc v lm cc cng
vic tnh nguyn. Th hai, ngi ni ting thng c c cng ng trong v
ngoi nc tin cy, iu dn ti thnh cng trong vic gy dng ting tm cho
cc t chc vin tr. Do vy, nhiu ngi bit n cc d n v ng gp tin bc
v lm tnh nguyn k c v vt cht ln tinh thn.
Tm li, mc d cn nhiu hn ch i vi vic ngi ni ting tham gia vo cc
t chc vin tr quc t, ti cho rng s c li hn cho cng ng nu h tham gia
vo cc hot ng tnh nguyn.
VOCABULARY
global aid organizations(t chc vin tr ton cu):international
organizations that provide money and specific types of assistance to areas around
the world
Example: She hopes to work for an important global aid organization after
graduating
attracts the attention of(thu ht s quan tm/ch ca):to get the
attention of, to do something in a way that makes people look
Example: Lady Gagas antics always attracts the attention of the press.
downplay the significance of(h thp tm quan trng ca):to make
something seem like it isnt that important
Example: The company tried to downplay the significance of their financial
shortfall this last quarter.
enormous and positive changes(thay i tch cc v ln lao): changes that
are big, important or significant and good
Example: They hope that the new laws will make enormous and positive changes
toward addressing issues caused by climate change.

Page 121
famous people(ngi ni ting):people who are known for something, like
musicians, actors, politicians
Example: She likes to invite famous people to her parties. It makes her feel special.
enhance their reputations(nh bng tn tui, nng cao danh ting):to
make people think good thoughts about you so that you have a good reputation
Example: Some celebrities think that donating large sums of money enhances their
reputations as generous people.
important people(ngi quan trng): people who play important roles in
society for some reason or another
Example: Some of the most important people in technology and finance will be
meeting this weekend in San Francisco.
volunteer projects(d n tnh nguyn): projects that volunteers work on,
like feeding the homeless
Example: As a senior, she must participate in a variety of volunteer projects in her
community.
question their motives(t cu hi v ng c ca h):to wonder why
someone is doing something, to question the motivation for why someone will do
something
Example: The police offer questioned their motives, but the couple said that they
were just trying to help.
huge number of(mt lng ln):a large amount of something
Example: A huge number of Taylor Swift fans lined up outside the radio station to
try to win tickets to her concert.
underprivileged children(tr em c hon cnh kh khn):children who
dont have a lot of money, education or opportunities
Example: The underprivileged children in my town can apply to receive free
lunches at school.

Page 122
voluntary activities(hot ng tnh nguyn):activities that people do on a
voluntary basis, without getting paid, they do it volunteers
Example: Good citizens participate in a variety of voluntary activities throughout
the year.
4. (06/12/2014): Some people think that it is best to live in a horizontal city

while others think of a vertical city. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
ANSWER
Some people believe that living in a horizontal city is the best, while the
opponents of this idea prefer to settle in a vertical city. While there are benefits to
residents who dwell in a city which consists of low-rise construction, I would
argue that cities with skyscrapers and high-rise buildings offer more advantages.
On the one hand, it is beneficial for residents to live in a horizontal city based on a
few financial and security reasons. Firstly, people have to pay less for building
services. If residents settle in a private house, they may save a great deal of money
since they wont have to pay for building services. Secondly, living lower to the
ground is safer for inhabitants when emergencies occur. For example, if a fire
starts in the home, they can quickly escape from the dangerous areas because the
building is not too high off the ground and it wont take much time to leave.
On the other hand, it seems to me that living in a vertical city is the best choice. A
city with skyscrapers will have more space forpublic usage because there will be
less land used for residential areas due to the amount of people who can live in
high buildings. As a result, the government would be able to use this land to build
hospitals, schools or places for entertainment. Furthermore, it is muchmore
convenientfor residents to live in an apartment in a tall building which offers a

Page 123
wide range of goods and services, thanks to shopping malls and service centers on
lower floors.
In conclusion, while living in a horizontal city does have some benefits, it seems to
me that the advantages of life in a city with skyscrapers makes living in a vertical
city the better choice.
329 words
COMMENT
This was an interesting task question. To be honest, I have not seen this topic before. You
answered the question fully. I cannot improve on the technique which you used. You stated your
position clearly in the introduction and consistently throughout the essay. The beginning of
paragraph 3 and your conclusion were the ideal places to re-state your opinion.
You also discussed both views. I also like the technique that you used here. I would also use
paragraph 2 to discuss the view that I disagree with, saving paragraph 3 to deal with the view
that I agree with. You gave two reasons to support each of these views, which is an ideal
number. It enabled you to explain each of these views fully. It would have been useful to
mention a city as an example of one which is vertical, but I agree that it is difficult to think of a
valide example. I might, however, mention Hong Kong in my introduction: ...I would argue
that cities such as Hong Kong with skyscrapers and high-rise buildings offer more
advantages.This is, however, a very minor suggestion, because you gave an example to support
your safety argument in paragraph 2.
All the points which you mentioned were relevant and fully developed and I have to give a score
of 9
Dch i
P N:
Mt s ngi tin rng sng mt thnh ph c kin trc thp tng l tt nht,
trong khi nhng kin tri chiu thch nh c mt thnh ph c li kin trc cao
tng hn. Mc d c nhiu li ch cho c dn sng ti mt thnh ph c nhng

Page 124
cng trnh xy dng thp tng, ti cho rng nhng thnh ph vi cc to nh chc
tri v cc cao c mang n nhiu li ch hn.
Mt mt, c dn sng ti mt thnh ph c kin trc thp tng c nhiu li ch da
trn mt vi l do v mt ti chnh v an ninh. Trc ht, ngi ta s phi tr t tin
hn cho dch v ca to nh. Nu c dn nh c ti nh ring, h phi tit kim
mt s tin ln bi h khng phi tr cho ph dch v ca to nh. Th hai, sng
gn vi mt t s an ton hn cho ngi dn khi trng hp khn cp xy ra. V
d nu c chy nh, h c th nhanh chng thot ra khi khu vc nguy him bi
to nh khng qu cao so vi mt t v khng mt nhiu thi gian chy thot.
Mt khc, theo ti sng ti mt thnh ph c kin trc cao tng l la chn tt
nht. Mt thnh ph vi cc to nh chc tri s c nhiu khng gian hn cho cc
khu vc cng cng bi s c t din tch t dng cho khu vc dn c v mt s
lng ln ngi c th sinh sng trong cc to nh cao tng. Do , chnh ph s
c th s dng din tch t xy bnh vin, trng hc v ni gii tr. Hn na,
s thun tin hn cho cc c dn sng trong mt cn h mt to nh cao tng bi
n cung cp hng lot cc dch v cng nh hng ho nh c cc trung tm thng
mi v trung tm dch v khch hng cc tng pha di.
Tm li, trong khi sng ti mt thnh ph c kin trc thp tng mang li nhiu li
ch, theo ti nhng li ch trong cuc sng mt thnh ph vi cc to nh chc
tri khin cho vic sng mt thnh ph vi li kin trc cao tng l s la chn
tt hn c.
VOCABULARY
opponents of this idea ( kin tri chiu): opponents are people who
disagree with an idea; they are against an idea, a policy or a rule; they dont
support it; they want something else to happen the opponents of this idea believe
that it wont be good for the public

Page 125
to settle in (sinh sng/nh c ti): to decide to live in a specific place; to
decide to move to an area and stay there; they have decided to settle in New
York
based on (da trn): to be the reason for something; their decision was
based on years of experience
financial and security reasons (nhng l do v an ninh v ti chnh):
financial refers to money issues, like paying fees; security refers to safety, like
being safe in your own home in terms of crime or emergencies
private house (nh ring): private describes the fact that you own the
house, and therefore you make all decisions about it and pay for repairs and
maintenance yourself, versus paying apartment or condo fees
lower to the ground (gn vi mt t): to be close to the ground, which
makes it easy to get out in case you need to leave the house quickly due to an
emergency
dangerous areas (khu vc nguy him): an area that is not very safe, that is
not secure, for various reasons
to take much time to (mt nhiu thi gian ): this phrase talks about
how long something takes to do; it will or will not take much time to do something
best choice (s la chn tt nht): the thing that you should choose to do
because it is the best option
to have more space forpublic usage (c nhiu khng gian cho khu vc
cng cng):to have more land available for building public buildings, like
government offices or parks, etc.
due to (bi v):the reason for something; due to the overwhelmingly
positive responses, the company decided to release another version of the iPhone
much more convenientfor (thun tin hn nhiu cho): used to describe
when something is much easier for somebody to do compared to something else;

Page 126
its much more convenient for them to come to my house first and then go with us
to the restaurant
thanks to something or somebody (nh c iu g hoc ai ): used to
express the idea that something is good because of something specific; thanks to
my dads help, we were able to purchase a new home; they were able to finish
the project on time, thanks to the assistance they received from their boss; she
got an A on her paper, thanks to the feedback she got from her tutor
the better choice (la chn tt hn): used when you are comparing things,
there may be several good choices, but one is clearly the better choice, better than
all the others; can be used interchangeably with the best choice
5. (09/05/2015) Developments in technology have brought various

environmental problems. Some believe that people need to live simpler lives to
solve environmental problems. Others, however, believe technology is the way
to solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: advances in technology have harmed the environment. Some
people think we must lead simpler lives, but I agree with those who think
technological solutions can be found for environmental problems. Conclusion:
repeat using some different words.
[1] People consume too much energy by overusing technological devices
examples of such devices. Consequences for the environment.
[2] Farming modern technology harms the water and soil. Organic farming
relies on simpler traditional methods of food production.

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[1] Technology is already enabling us to exploit more renewable energy sources
example of Japan. Good results for the environment.
[2] Cleaner technologies in waste treatment and recycling example of recycled
products.
ANSWER
It is true that certain advances in technology have had negative impacts on the
environment. While there are strong arguments that some environmental problems
should be tackled by adopting simpler lifestyles, I believe that the solutions lie in
technologies that have been and are being developed.
On the one hand, enjoying life with less sophisticated technology means that
people inflict lessdamage on the ecosystems on which all living things depend.
[1] Firstly, peopleconsume energy through overuse of devices such as air-
conditioning, water heaters and the private car. If they decrease their energy
consumption, thiswill reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, but this will
certainly involve leading simpler lives. [2] Secondly, organic farmers do not
pollute the water or the soil which results from the application of
chemicalfertilisers and weedkillers. They encourage a diversity of plants and
wildlife on their farms.
On the other hand, I agree with those who argue that technological achievements
play a pivotal role in environmental protection. [1] One reason is that the use of
renewable energy sources is already starting to grow. This raises the prospect of
decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, cleaner air and the reversal of the trend of
global warming. Countries such as Japan are leading the way, for example, in
developing more eco-friendly cars, buses and lorries. [2] Another reason is that

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cleaner technologies, such as wastetreatment, are being introduced into many
industries, and technology is enabling plastics and other products to be recycled.
In conclusion, although living simpler lives can certainly help in tackling

environmental problems, it seems to me that advances in technology are already
providing many solutions and this trend will gather pace in the future.
278 words.
COMMENT
Correctly, you provided several examples to support your arguments. Limiting your ideas to two
in each main paragraph was the key to this good response, and you focused on energy and
pollution in both paragraphs, so your essay had a logical development. Finally, you gave your
own opinion clearly and consistently throughout the essay.Your topic sentences both indicated
the main idea in each paragraph. You identified your arguments clearly for the examiner. You
continue to achieve an exemplary standard of grammatical accuracy and to use a satisfactory
range of structures, such as correct conditional sentences, adverb clauses and relative clauses
Dch i
(09/05/2015) S pht trin cng ngh mang li nhiu vn v mi trng.
Mt s ngi tin rng con ngi nn sng cuc sng n gin hn gii
quyt cc vn mi trng. Tuy nhin nhng ngi khc li cho rng cng
ngh l cch thc gii quyt nhng vn ny. Hy tho lun c hai quan
im v a ra kin ca anh/ch.
P N:
C mt s tht l mt s tin b nht nh trong cng ngh gy nh hng xu
n mi trng. Trong khi c nhng kin quyt lit cho rng nhng vn mi
trng nn c gii quyt bng cch chp nhn li sng gin d hn, ti cho rng
nhng gii php da trn cng ngh v ang c pht trin.
Mt mt, tn hng cuc sng vi t cng ngh tinh vi hn c ngha rng chng ta
gy t tn hi cho h sinh thi, ni c ng ca cc sinh vt sng. Trc ht, chng

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ta tiu th nng lng thng qua vic s dng qu mc cc thit b nh my iu
ho, bnh nc nng v xe hi ring. Nu chng ta gim thiu tiu th nng lng,
chng ta s gim bt kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh nhng iu ny chc chn s
i hi mt cuc sng gin n hn. Th hai, ngi nng dn canh tc hu c
khng gy nhim ngun nc v t do khng s dng cc loi phn bn ho
hc v thuc dit c. H khuyn khch s a dng cc loi thc vt v ng vt
hoang d trong nng tri.
Mt khc, ti ng tnh vi nhng ngi cho rng nhng tin b cng ngh ng
vai tr quan trng trong vic bo v mi trng. L do th nht l vic s dng
cc ngun nng lng ti to ang bt u pht trin. iu ny lm tng trin vng
gim dn s ph thuc vo cc loi nhin liu ho thch, bu kh quyn trong sch
hn, v i ngc li xu hng nng dn ln ca tri t. Cc nc nh Nht Bn
ang dn u trong nhng vic nh pht trin xe hi, xe bus v xe ti thn thin
vi mi trng. Mt l do khc l nhng cng ngh sch nh x l rc thi,
ang c p dng vo nhiu ngnh ngh, cng nh cng ngh ang gip ti ch
cc loi nha v sn phm khc.
Tm li, mc d sng cuc sng gin d hn c th gip gii quyt cc vn mi
trng, theo ti nhng tin b khoa hc cng ngh v ang cung cp nhiu bin
php gii quyt v xu hng ny s bt kp tc trong tng lai.
VOCABULARY
sophisticated technology(cng ngh tinh vi):technology that is clever and
complicated in the way that it functions.
Example: Medical techniques rely increasingly on sophisticated computer
technology.
inflict damage on(gy tn hi n):make something, such as the
environment, suffer something harmful.
Example: The earthquake inflicted damage on many homes and farmland.

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ecosystems(h sinh thi): all the plants and animals living in various areas,
considered in relation to their environment.
Example: The ecosystems of rainforests are very diverse, because millions of
different plants and animals live there.
the emission of greenhouse gases(kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh): the
release into the air of gases which cause the temperature of the earth to rise.
Example: The governments of the world have agreed to reduce theemission of
greenhousegases.
chemical fertilisers(phn bn ho hc):chemical substances added to the
soil to make plants grow.
Example: Modern farming relies on chemical fertilisers, which are harmful if
they are used near rivers.
weedkillers(thuc dit c):chemical substances that are used to destroy wild
plants, especially among farm crops.
Example: Many farmers use weedkillers, so that farm workers are not required in
order to destroy the wild plants which grow among the crops.
play a pivotal role(ng vai tr quan trng):a role which is very important,
because other things depend on it.
Example: Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of many Asian
countries.
renewable energy sources(ngun nng lng ti to): sources of energy
which are replaced naturally, such as power from the sun or the wind.
Example: Modern technology is responsible for the development of renewable
energy sources such as wind, solar and wave power.
dependence on fossil fuels(ph thuc vo cc nhin liu ho thch):fuels
such as coal or oil, that were formed over million of years from the remains of
animals or plants, on which some countries rely for much of their energy
production.

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Example: Dependence on fossil fuels has the environmental disadvantage that
greenhouse gases are released when these fuels are burned.
global warming(s nng ln ca tri t): the increase in the temperature of

the earth, caused by the increase of greenhouse gases.
Example: Greater use of renewable energy resources is necessary in order to
combat globalwarming.
eco-friendly(thn thin vi mi trng): not harmful to the environment.
Example: As a result of modern technology, we can now find more eco-friendly
products in the shops.
waste treatment(x l rc thi): the treatment of materials that are no
longer needed and are thrown away.
Example: In modern processes of waste treatment, environmentally harmful
substances can be removed.
6. (12/07/2014) Nowadays more and more young people hold the

important positions in the government. Some people think that is a good thing
while others argue that it is not suitable . Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: more young people occupy important government positions.
Some people think there are serious drawbacks, but I agree that there are more
benefits.

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[1] Argument 1: many older people think young people lack the necessary
qualifications to have such responsible positions [the economy/foreign policy]
example: Eastern countries.
[2] Argument 2: younger people dont have enough experience they may make
important mistakes.
[1] Young people often have creative and modern ways of looking at problems:
result new styles of management and new policy ideas.
[2] The young have many years of possible service to give in the future, provided
they have the same abilities/qualifications as older people.
ANSWER:
It is true that the number of young people who hold highly responsible posts in the
government is growing. While some people are opposed to this idea, I support the
view that this trend is beneficial at present.
On the one hand, this trend has some notable drawbacks. [1] The main issue is
that it is really hard for the young to make older people accept their leadership,
especially in some Eastern nations. Young leaders are always thought to have
insufficient capabilities to manage such aspects of policy as the economy or
international affairs. [2] In addition, all of them are short of real experience. If they
have not faced manychallenges in their career, they are more likely to make
mistakes, which can affect the lives of many people.
On the other hand, it seems to me that young people are becoming an increasingly
important part of the government and bring a lot of benefits . [1] One reason is that
their youth is a huge advantage which allows them to be creative and up-to-date.

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This is likely to result in many innovative breakthrough policies and styles of
management. [2] Furthermore, the young have a very long period of time to
contribute to their nations. For example, with the same abilities and qualifications,
a younger candidate is more likely to be elected than an older counterpart in some
countries because of his longer anticipated time of devotion to public service in
the future.
In conclusion, although there are strong arguments for both views, it seems to me
that on the whole it is beneficial that more young people are being selected to play
some key roles in the government.
276 words
COMMENT
Your opinion is clear in the introduction and the conclusion.The essay discusses you opinions
well and you make relevant points for both sides of the argument, which are well supported by
specific examples and explained well.
There is a clear overall progression in the writing and ideas are arranged coherently.
Paragraphs and sentences are well constructed. Good topic sentences.You use a range of linkers
throughout the essay.
Dch i
(12/07/2014) Hin ti cng ngy cng c nhiu ngi tr tui m nhn nhng
v tr quan trng trong chnh ph. Nhiu ngi ngh rng y l mt iu tt
trong khi nhng ngi khc cho rng iu ny khng ph hp. Hy tho lun
c hai quan im v a ra kin ring ca anh/ch.
P N:
S tht l s lng ngi tr tui gi cc chc v ch cht trong chnh ph ang
tng ln. Trong khi mt vi ngi c kin tri ngc vi t tng ny, ti cho
rng xu th ny l c li trong thi im hin ti.

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Mt mt, xu hng ny mang li nhiu hn ch ng lu . Vn chnh l
ngi tr rt kh c th lnh o nhng ngi ln tui hn, c bit mt vi t
nc phng ng. Cc lnh o tr lun c cho l khng c nng lc hiu qu
trong vic qun l. Thm vo , h thiu kinh nghim thc t. Nu h cha tng
phi i mt vi nhiu thch thc trong s nghip, h c th d dng mc li sai
gy nh hng n cuc sng ca nhiu ngi.
Mt khc, ti cho rng nhng ngi tr ang dn dn tr thnh mt phn quan
trng trong chnh ph v mang li nhiu li ch. Trc ht, tui tr l mt li th to
ln h c th sng to v i mi khng ngng. iu ny c th lm nn nhiu
chnh sch cng nh phong cch qun l c tnh t ph. Hn na, ngi tr c
khong thi gian rt di cng hin cho t quc. V d nh mt s nc, vi
cng mt nng lc v trnh nh nhau, mt ng c vin tr tui s c th c
bu c nhiu hn mt ng vin ln tui khc bi anh ta c khong thi gian cng
hin cho cng ng lu di.
Tm li, ti tin rng cng ngy cng nn c nhiu ngi tr tui c chn gi
nhng vai tr ch cht trong chnh ph mc d xu hng ny cn c mt vi hn
ch.
VOCABULARY
notable drawbacks(hn ch ng lu )= disadvantages which are
important to note.
Example: Although the latest Iphone is very attractive, it has notable drawbacks,
including the price.
faced many challenges(i mt vi thch thc)= had to deal with many
difficult problems and overcome them.
Example: The U.S. and Soviet scientists and engineers responsible for the space
programme faced many challenges when they built the Space Station.
creative and up-to-date(sng to v i mi)= using skill and imagination
to produce something new and modern.

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Example: Creative and up-to-date techniques are used to produce modern online
video games.
innovative breakthrough policies(chnh sch c tnh t ph)= policies
which are new and revolutionary different from previous policies.
Example: The company specialises in developing innovative breakthrough
policiesthat will lead to new business.
counterpart(i phng)= a person [or thing] which has the same position
or function as someone [or something] else in a different place or situation.
Example: The President of the USA is having discussions with his Chinese
counterpart.
devotion to public service(cng hin cho cng ng)= to give a lot of time
and effort to serving the community when working for an official or government
organisation.
Example: The President thanked his staff for their devotion to public service in
dealing with the recent flood disaster.
7. (08/11/2014) Some people believe that crime is a result of social

problems and poverty, others think that crime is a result of bad persons
nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: many people think crime is a result of the bad nature of some
individuals. My own opinion I agree with those who think that it is a result of
social conditions.
[1] cruel people commit crime example: children who bully others at school
often become violent criminals later in life.

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[2] lazy and greedy people commit crime to get what they want without working
hard example: stealing from others.
[1] social problems lead to crime example: unemployment
[2] poverty also leads to crime people who dont have enough money steal, or
rob others, in order to survive.
ANSWER:
Many people consider that innate characteristics are responsible for the fact that
some people choose to turn to a career of crime. While I accept that crime may
result from individual characteristics of violence or greed, I would argue that it is
largely a consequence of social issues and poverty.
There is a belief that a persons nature determines whether or not they become a
criminal. [1] Firstly, some argue that an individual who is cruel turns to crime
more easily than a kind person. For instance, a child bullying other boys or girls at
school may turn into a violent criminal in the future. [2] Secondly, bad
characteristics such as laziness or selfishness could also breed future offenders,
who seek to acquire easy money without working for it. A number of youngsters
choose to steal from others, instead of working hard to make an honest living.
These are strong reasons for thinking that those who have an inborn bad nature are
more likely to break the law.
Nevertheless, it seems to me that social issues and poverty are the main causes
behind crime. There are many problems in society which might lead to an increase
in the crime rate. [1] For example, unemployment pushes people into resorting
to crime because they simply cannot find a job. As a consequence, the number of

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offenders has climbed in many countries over recent decades. [2] Another reason
is that, more broadly, poverty in general leads to a rise in crime. If people do not
have enough money to make ends meet, they will be tempted to pursue illegal
activities just to support themselves and their families.
In conclusion, although both views certainly have some validity, it seems to me

that the principal causes of crime are a result of social conditions and problems.
291 words
Dch i
(08/11/2014) C mt s ngi cho tin rng ti phm l h qu ca cc vn
x hi v s i ngho, trong khi nhng ngi khc cho rng ti c l do
bn cht xu xa ca con ngi. Hy tho lun c hai quan im v a ra
kin ring ca anh/ch.
P N:
Nhiu ngi cho rng tnh cch bm sinh l nguyn nhn khin cho con ngi ta
tr thnh ti phm. Trong khi ti ng rng ti phm c th l do tnh cch c
nhn nh hnh ng bo lc hay lng tham, ti cho rng phn ln nguyn nhn l
do cc vn x hi v s ngho i.
Ngi ta tin rng bn cht mt con ngi quyt nh h c tr thnh ti phm hay
khng. Trc ht, mt s ngi cho rng mt c nhn c tnh cch c c d tr
thnh phm nhn hn mt ngi tt. V d, mt a tr bt nt nhng c cu b
khc trng c th tr thnh mt ti phm bo lc trong tng lai. Th hai, tnh
cch xu nh li bing hay ch k c th nui dng mm mng ti phm, nhng
k mun kim tin bn m khng cn phi lao ng. Mt s thanh nin tr chn
cch trm cp t nhng ngi khch thay v lao ng ct lc lao ng chn
chnh. C nhiu l do cho rng nhng ngi c tnh cch xu xa bm sinh c
kh nng phm ti nhiu hn.

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Tuy nhin, theo ti th nhng vn x hi v s ngho i mi l nhng l do
chnh ng sau nhng ti c. C rt nhiu vn trong x hi c th dn n s gia
tng t l ti phm. V d, nn tht nghip thc y con ngi ta buc phi phm
ti bi h n gin l khng c kh nng tm mt cng vic. Do , s lng ti
phm v ang gia tng nhiu quc gia trong nhiu thp k qua. Mt l do
khc, ni rng ra, s ngho i nhn chung gy nn s gia tng ti phm. Nu
con ngi ta khng c tin trang tri cuc sng, h s b cm d i theo
nhng hot ng tri php lut ch nui sng bn thn v gia nh.
Tm li, mc d c hai quan im u c l, theo ti nguyn nhn ch yu ca ti
c l cc iu kin v vn x hi.
VOCABULARY
bullying(bt nt)= using strength to frighten or hurt weaker people.
Example: In many schools, bullying is a problem which teachers must take
seriously.
turn into(tr thnh)= become.
Example: When he changed to a different school, he turned into a model student.
breed future offenders(nui dng mm mng ti phm)= influence
people [especially youngsters] in such a way that they later commit crime.
Example: The bad influence of adult criminals will breed future offenders if
honest people in the community take no action.
easy money(tin bn)= money that you get without working hard for it.
Example: Some criminals steal from banks or houses as a way to make easy
money.
make an honest living(lao ng chn chnh) = getting money to buy the
things that you need without committing crime.
Example: Although he was a criminal, now he makes an honest living as an
assistant in a supermarket.

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break the law(phm ti)= do something illegal.
Example: If you smoke cigarettes during a flight, you will break the law.
the crime rate(t l ti phm)= a measure of the number of crimes
committed in a particular area during a certain period.
Example: As a result of increased security, the crime rate in the city centre is
falling.
resorting to crime(buc phi phm ti)= to use crime because there is no
other solution.
Example: After losing their jobs, the men resorted to crime to get money.
make ends meet(trang tri cuc sng, kim sng)= to earn just enough
money to buy the things you need.
Example: During the economic crisis, many families are struggling to make ends
meet.
8. (12/03/2016): Some people think that it is good for a country's culture to

import foreign movies and TV programmes. Others think that it is better to
produce these locally. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Essay Plan:
Introduction: refer to statement and give opinion both locally produced and
imported films and TV programmes contribute to the culture of a country.
Paragraph 1: reasons for producing locally [1] educate people about their own
culture and history, promote national pride [2] such entertainment relates to the
culture and language of the home audience example: adaptation of foreign shows
The Voice.
Paragraph 2: reasons for importing [1] learn about other cultures example:
Titanic [2] improve knowledge of other languages example: English: US TV
series like Friends.

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Conclusion: producing locally and importing can both contribute to a countrys
culture.
ANSWER
It is true that some people favour importing movies and TV shows from overseas,
rather than attempting to produce these within their own country. While many
people suppose consider that such imports make a valuable contribution to national
culture, I would argue that it is necessary to promote a local entertainment
industry.
On the one hand, local movies and TV programmes benefit national culture in two
important ways. From an educational perspective, the young can learn about their
countrys past, stimulating their interest and national pride. For instance, instead
of studying history from boring textbooks, students nowadays are able to learn
about their nations history by watching locally-made documentaries or movies.
From an entertainment perspective, local TV shows and films are relevant to
everyday experiences and a familiar way of life. Even when copyright ideas from
other countries are used, local producers can adapt these to make shows such as a
Vietnamese version of The Voice or The Next Top Model.
On the other hand, I believe that international movies and TV programmes can also
benefit the cultural life of a country. Firstly, people are able to understand
something of the life and culture of other countries, which they can simply enjoy as
entertainment or adventure. The American film Titanic for example, is not only a
disaster movie, but also gives an idea about the history of emigration from
Europe to the USA. Secondly, foreign movies and TV shows help many people to
improve their language skills, combining learning and enjoyment. Many

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Vietnamese students, for example, have benefited from watching TV series such as
Friends.
In conclusion, although international movies and TV programmes contribute to the

diversity of a countrys culture, it seems to me that local film and TV industries
should also be supported owing to their roles as education and entertainment
providers.
289 words
Dch i :
Thc t l c mt s ngi a chung vic nhp khu nhng b phim v chng
trnh truyn hnh t cc nc trn th gii, hn l c gng sn xut chng trong
chnh t nc ca h. Trong khi rt nhiu ngi ngh rng hnh ng ny l mt
ng gp c gi tr cho nn vn ha quc gia, ti cho rng vic thc y nn cng
nghip gii tr ca nc nh cng rt cn thit.
Mt mt, nhng b phim v chng trnh truyn hnh trong nc gip ch cho nn
vn ha quc gia qua hai hnh thc ni tri. Xt v gc nhn gio dc, ngi tr c
th tm hiu v lch s ca t nc h, gip khi dy lng yu nc v t ho dn
tc. V d, thay v hc lch s t nhng quyn sch gio khoa nhm chn, hc sinh
ngy nay c th tm hiu v ngun gc ca qu hng mnh bng cch xem cc b
phim hay t liu nghin cu v a phng. Xt v gc nhn gii tr, cc b phim
v chng trnh truyn hnh a phng thng lin quan n nhng tri nghim
i thng v cuc sng gn gi. Thm ch khi m nhng tng c bn quyn
t cc nc trn th gii c s dng, cc nh sn xut trong nc c th m
phng li chng to nn nhng chng trnh nh l The Voice hay The Next
Top Model phin bn Vit.
Mt khc, ti tin rng nhng b phim v chng trnh truyn hnh nc ngoi cng
c ch cho i sng tinh thn ca mt quc gia. Trc tin, mi ngi c th hc

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hi thm nhiu iu v cuc sng v vn ha ca cc nc khc trn th gii, n
gin l h c th thng thc nh mt s gii tr hay mt chuyn thm him. V
d, b phim Titanic ca M, khng ch l mt b phim ni v thm ha ca nhn
loi, m n cn a ra nhng kin v ngun gc ca s di dn t Chu u sang
M lc . Hn na, cc b phim v chng trnh truyn hnh nc ngoi gip
nhiu ngi nng cao kh nng ngoi ng ca h, bng vic kt hp c vic hc v
gii tr. V d, rt nhiu hc sinh, sinh vin Vit Nam v ang c hng li t
vic xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh di tp nh Nhng ngi bn.
Tm li, mc d nhng b phim v chng trnh truyn hnh nc ngoi ng gp
cho s a dng vn ha ca mt quc gia, c nhn ti cho rng nn cng nghip
truyn hnh v in nh trong nc cng nn c ng h bi nhng vai tr to ln
ca chng nh gio dc v mang n s gii tr cho ngi dn a phng.
Vocabulary:
overseas:(nc ngoi) [adverb] to or in another country, especially a
country separated from your country by the sea or ocean.
Example: The movie was filmed at two different locations at home and
overseas.
perspective: (quan im, cch nhn) [noun] a particular way of thinking
about something.
Example: From an international perspective, the American presidential elections
are very significant for the world economy.
stimulating:(thc y, khi dy) [verb] making someone interested and
excited about something.
Example: The programme about slavery was very interesting, stimulating my
interest in American history.

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documentaries :(phim ti liu) [noun] movies or TV programmes giving
information about something.
Example: Documentaries about the environment are very popular in my country.
copyright: (c m bo quyn tc gi) [adjective] not allowed to be
copied without permission.
Example: Those people who use copyright material without the permission of the
author will be fined.
adapt:(sa li cho ph hp, phng theo) [verb] to change something so that
it is suitable to use in a new way or in a new situation.
Example: It was necessary to adapt his English lesson for a class of young
children to understand.
disaster movie:(phim v thm ha, thin tai) [noun] a movie about an
unexpected event which may cause a lot of damage and kill many people.
Example: Last week, I saw a disaster movie about a volcano which destroyed a
city.
emigration:(s di dn) [noun] the act of leaving your own country to go and
live in another country.
Example: As a result of the emigration of people from many different countries,
Australia is now a multi-cultural society.
combining:( kt hp, phi hp) [verb] putting two or more different things
together.
Example: The restaurant is very popular, combining cheap prices and good food.
9. (19/03/2016) - People in the community can buy cheaper products

nowadays. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Essay Plan:

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Introduction: people can buy many cheaper products nowadays. The
disadvantages outweigh the advantages
Paragraph 2: advantages of cheap consumer goods [1] people can afford a better
standard of living examples smart TVs, air conditioners [2] more consumption
boosts production and the national economy
Paragraph 3: disadvantages: [1] cheap products = poor quality example
electronic goods [2] cheap food and environmental destruction
Conclusion: more drawbacks than benefits.
ANSWER
It is true that these days people are able to buy many low-priced products. While I
accept that this has both benefits and drawbacks, I would argue that there are more
disadvantages than advantages.
On the one hand, there are important benefits for the consumer when products are
available at a lower price. Firstly, people have the chance to buy more goods when
prices are lower on the shelves. Thus, for example, more people can afford to
own a smart TV, a laptop or to install air-conditioning in their homes, and
therefore enjoy a better standard of living. Secondly, the national economy will
be boosted, as production must increase in order to meet the rising demand for
such commodities. More jobs will be created as companies expand their sales of
consumer goods, reducing the unemployment figures and enabling more people to
share in the increasing prosperity.
On the other hand, I believe that there are serious drawbacks, which outweigh
these benefits. The principal reason for this view is that cheaper products are
almost invariably associated with poor quality. For example, when cheap imports
from China first entered the American and European markets, consumers quickly

Page 145
realised that items such as electronic goods either did not work or quickly broke
down and the materials themselves were not durable. Another factor is the
adverse impact on the environment when there is unregulated expansion of
production to provide cheap goods. This is obvious in all sectors of the economy,
but most notably in agriculture, where cheap food has been produced at the cost of
destroying forests, polluting rivers and damaging the quality of the soil.
In conclusion, as cheaper products are often of low quality and are produced in
unsustainable ways, the disadvantages of low-priced goods outweigh the
advantages.
Dn bi:
M bi: ngy nay mi ngi c th mua c nhiu sn phm r hn. Nhng bt
li vt tri so vi li ch.
on 2: nhng li ch ca ngi tiu dng mua c hng ha r [1] mi ngi c
kh nng chi tr cho cuc sng vi cht lng tt hn v d nh tivi thng minh,
iu ha [2] vic tiu th hng ha nhiu hn thc y sn xut v nn kinh t
quc dn.
on 3: nhng bt li: [1] nhng sn phm r = cht lng thp v d nh hng
in t [2] thc phm r v s ph hy mi trng
Kt lun: nhng bt li nhiu hn li ch.
P N
Thc t l ngy nay mi ngi c th mua c nhiu hng ha gi r. Trong khi
ti ng h rng iu ny c c li ch v tc hi, ti cng tranh ci rng c nhiu
mt tiu cc hn l tch cc trong vn ny.
Mt mt, c mt vi li ch ni tri i vi ngi tiu dng khi nhng sn phm c
sn vi gi r hn. Trc ht, mi ngi c c hi mua nhiu hng ha hn khi gi
ca chng thp hn trn cc k trng by sn phm. V vy, v d, nhiu ngi c

Page 146
kh nng s hu mt chic tivi thng minh, mt chic my tnh xch tay hay
lp t my iu ha nhit trong nh ca h, v t hng th mt cuc sng
vi cht lng tt hn. Hai l, nn kinh t quc dn s c thc y, bi v sn
lng phi tng ln p ng nhu cu pht trin ca nhng th trng hng ha
ny. Nhiu c hi ngh nghip c to ra hn v cc cng ty m rng vic bn
hng cho ngi tiu dng, gim t l tht nghip v lm cho thm nhiu ngi c
th ng gp vo s pht trin phn thnh ca t nc.
Mt khc, ti tin rng c nhiu tc hi nghim trng, vt tri hn cc li ch trn.
L do ch yu cho quan im ny l cc hng ha gi r hn thng lc no cng
i lin vi cht lng thp. V d, khi vic nhp khu nhng sn phm r t Trung
Quc ln u tin thm nhp vo th trng M v Chu u, nhng ngi tiu
dng sm nhn ra rng nhng mt hng nh in t u khng hot ng hoc
nhanh chng b hng v nguyn vt liu sn xut chng khng bn. Nguyn nhn
khc l s nh hng c hi cho mi trng khi c s m rng khng c kim
sot ca vic sn xut cung cp nhng hng ha gi r. iu ny l hin nhin
trong tt c cc nhn t ca nn kinh t, nhng r rt nht l trong nng nghip, ni
m thc phm r v ang c sn xut vi ci gi phi tr cho vic ph hy
cc khu rng, lm nhim cc dng sng v gy nguy him cho cht lng ca t
trng trt.
Tm li, v nhng sn phm gi r hn thng c cht lng thp v c sn xut
theo nhng cch khng r rng, nhng bt li ca cc hng ha gi r vt tri hn
so vi nhng li ch m n mang li.
295 words.
VOCABULARY
on the shelves: [expression] (trn k trng by): on display in the shops,
available for customers to buy.

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Example: In my local supermarket, the prices on the shelves are definitely higher
than last year.
smart TV: [noun] (tivi thng minh): a TV which is like a normal TV but
also has the Internet connected to it.
Example: My friend has a smart TV, so he can watch YouTube videos as well as
TV programmes.
install: [verb] (lp t): fix equipment into a position, so that it can be used.
Example: I recently decided to install satellite TV into my home.
prosperity: [noun] ( s phn vinh, thnh vng): the state of being
successful, especially at making money.
Example: Our future prosperity depends on economic growth.
invariably: [adverb] (lun lun): always.
Example: Mary is invariably late for her English class.
durable: [adjective] (lu di): likely to last for a long time.
Example: In the football stadium, all the seats were made of durable plastic.
adverse: [adjective] (c hi): negative and unpleasant not likely to
produce a good result.
Example: His headache had an adverse effect on his performance in the exam.
unregulated: [adjective] (khng c kim sot): not controlled by laws or
rules.
Example: As a result of unregulated fishing, there are now almost no fish in that
part of the ocean.
the soil: [noun] ( t trng trt): the top part of the earth, in which plants
and trees grow.
Example: The soil in my garden is very good for growing vegetables.
unsustainable: [adjective] (khng th xc nhn c): that cannot be

continued at the same rate or level.

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Example: Destruction of forests at the present rate is unsustainable, so there will
soon be no more forests to exploit.
10. (20/02/2016) Some people believe government should spend money on

building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that
building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce the topic, give own opinion.
Paragraph 2: the first view: building more and wider roads [1] new and wider
roads reduce traffic jams, because the road system is inadequate to cope with more
and more cars [2] cities are expanding and people have to commute further to
work, so more traffic congestion. New and wider roads are necessary to help
people commute.
Paragraph 3: the second view: building new train and subway lines is a better
solution. [1] reduces traffic congestion as people can commute more quickly than
by car [2] it is more practical there is often not enough space available to build
new or wider roads in cities.
Conclusion: constructing a rail and subway network is a better solution to the
problem of traffic congestion.
ANSWER
It is true that traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many countries
and cities. While some people believe that expanding and improving the road
system is the best solution, I agree with those who argue that government
investment in the construction of rail and subway networks would be more
effective.

Page 149
On the one hand, there are strong reasons to think that building new and wider
roads will alleviate traffic congestion. Firstly, the existing roads are obviously
inadequate to deal with the increasing number of cars, especially in city centres.
As many cities have expanded, more people now live on the outskirts and
commute to work in their cars, so new road routes must be created to cope with
the growing volume of traffic . Secondly, even outside the cities, there is
increasing traffic congestion. Therefore, new interstate roads are essential to
enable drivers to reach their destination without facing the problem of traffic
jams.
On the other hand, others argue that the construction of rail and subway lines
would be a much more effective solution to the problem of traffic congestion. One
reason is that more people will be encouraged to leave their cars at home, in order
to travel more quickly to their destination by metro or rail services. This will
relieve pressure on the existing roads. Another reason is that it is sometimes
impossible to build new or wider roads, particularly in cities, as land is rarely
available to enable such development to take place. A metro network, built
underground, would therefore be a more practical option, and it has proved popular
in major cities across the world.
In conclusion, I believe that governments should prioritise spending on rail and

metro lines rather than on building or widening roads in order to reduce traffic
congestion.
299 words
Dn bi:
M bi: gii thiu bi, a ra kin ring ca mnh.

Page 150
on 2: Quan im u tin: xy mi v m rng thm cc con ng [1] nhng
con ng mi v rng hn lm gim tc ng, bi v h thng ng hin nay
khng i ph vi tnh trng t ngy cng nhiu [2] cc thnh ph ang
m rng v mi ngi phi di chuyn xa hn i lm, v vy n tc giao thng
nhiu hn. Cc con ng mi v rng hn l cn thit gip mi ngi i li.
on 3: Quan im 2: xy dng cc tuyn ng st v tu in ngm mi l gii
php tt hn. [1] gim tc ng bi v mi ngi c th di chuyn nhanh hn vic
i bng t [2] thc t hn l thng xuyn khng c ch trng xy mi
v m rng thm nhiu con ng trong cc thnh ph.
Kt lun: xy dng mt mng li ng st v tu in ngm l gii pht ti u
hn vi tnh trng n tc giao thng.
P N
Thc t l tnh trng n tc giao thng v ang tr thnh mt vn nghim
trng nhiu quc gia v thnh ph. Trong khi mt s ngi cho rng vic m
rng v ci thin h thng ng b l gii php tt nht, ti ng vi nhng
ngi tranh ci rng s u t ca chnh ph trong vic xy dng nhng h thng
ng st v tu in ngm s hiu qu hn.
Mt mt, c nhng l do r rt cho rng vic xy mi v m rng thm cc con
ng s lm gim bt tnh trng ch tc giao thng. Trc ht, cc con ng
ang c sn r rng l khng i mt vi s tng ln nhanh chng ca s
lng t, c bit l trong cc trung tm thnh ph. Bi v nhiu th v
ang pht trin, nhiu ngi hin ny ang sng nhng vng ngoi v di
chuyn n ch lm bng xe t ring ca h, nn nhng con ng mi phi
c xy dng gii quyt s lng ln tham gia giao thng ang tng ln. Hai
l, thm ch vng ngoi cc th, s n tc giao thng cng ang gia tng. V vy,
cc con ng cao tc mi l cn thit nhng ngi li xe c th di chuyn n
cc a im ca mnh m khng cn phi i mt vi tnh trng tc ng na.

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Mt khc, mt s ngi tranh ci rng vic xy dng cc tuyn ng st v tu
in ngm s l gii php hiu qu hn nhiu i vi tnh trng n tc giao thng.
Mt l do l ngy cng nhiu ngi s c khuyn khch t ring ca h
nh, di chuyn mt cch nhanh hn n cc a im bng cc dch v tu in
ngm hay tu ha. iu ny s gim vic qu ti vo cc con dng ang c sn.
Mt l do khc l i khi khng th xy mi v m rng thm cc con ng, c
bit l trong cc thnh ph, bi v t him khi c sn c th thay th vo vic
trin khai ny. Mt h thng tu in ngm, c xy dng di lng t, v vy
s l mt phng n thc t hn, v n v ang c chng minh nhiu thnh
ph ln trn th gii.
Tm li, ti tin rng chnh ph nn u tin vic dnh tin u t vo cc tuyn
ng st v tu in ngm hn l xy dng v m rng thm cc con ng
gim thiu tnh trng n tc giao thng.
VOCABULARY
alleviate: [verb] (lm gim bt): make something less severe.
Example: A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem of flooding
in the city.
inadequate: [adjective] (khng , thiu): not enough or not good enough.
Example: The water supply is inadequate to provide water for all the people in
the city.
the outskirts: [noun] (vng ngoi ): the parts of a city that are furthest from
the centre.
Example: My parents live on the outskirts of Paris and they use the metro to
travel to the city centre.
cope with: [phrasal verb] (i mt vi): deal successfully with something

difficult.

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Example: Desert plants are able to cope with extreme heat.
volume of traffic: [expression] (lng giao thng): the amount of traffic.
Example: New roads have been built to cope with the increased volume of traffic.
traffic jams: [noun] (tc ng): a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot
move or can only move very slowly.
Example: On the way home in our car, we were stuck in traffic jams several
times during our journey.
relieve pressure on: [expression] (lm gim p lc): remove or reduce
pressure on somebody or something.
Example: In order to relieve pressure on students, the exams were replaced by
continual assessment.
across the world: [expression] (trn ton th gii): worldwide or globally.
Example: When the war ended, people across the world celebrated in the streets.
prioritise: [verb] (u tin): treat something as more important than other
things.
Example: The organisation was formed to prioritise the needs of older people.
11. (21/05/2016) In developing countries, children in rural communities

have less access to education. Some people believe that the problem can be
solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others think that the
problem can be solved by providing computers and Internet access. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, own opinion better to have more schools, teachers.
Paragraph 2: computers/internet access useful
[1] source of information: distance learning
[2] children learn IT skills improves their employment prospects.

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Paragraph 3: more schools and teachers essential first step
[1] teach basic skills: numeracy/literacy
[2] raise educational level, guiding children to use online resources.
Conclusion: provision of more schools/teachers is a better solution.
ANSWER
In less developed countries, the lack of educational provision for children in rural
areas is a serious issue. While there are strong arguments that installing more
computers and extending internet connection could help to tackle this problem, I
believe that the top priority should be to build more schools and employ more
teachers.
On the one hand, providing computers and wider internet connection for remote
rural areas is important. Firstly, internet access offers an unlimited source of
information. Therefore, it is possible for pupils in rural communities to take
advantage of distance learning educational programmes, giving them the same
opportunities as children in city schools. Secondly, the introduction of computers
enables children to acquire IT skills. It is evident that without such skills, pupils
cannot learn how to use Microsoft Office or search for information online, abilities
which will increase their future employment prospects.
On the other hand, I agree with those who contend that it is better to provide more
schools and teachers in rural areas. The principal reason is that teachers play a
vital role in the early stages of teaching basic literacy and numeracy, without
which the computer and the internet are little more than playthings. In these early
years, the teacher is a mentor who interacts directly with pupils, enlightens them
and instils in them the value of learning. Another reason is that the more schools
that there are in rural communities, the more likely is the realisation of the goal of

Page 154
universal education. With proper guidance from teachers, pupils can make the
most of online resources, and the educational level in developing countries will be
raised.
In conclusion, I would argue that the provision of more schools and teachers is a
vital first step in widening access to education for children in rural communities.
[299 words]
Dch i
cc nc pht trin, tr em cng ng nng thn c t c hi tip cn gio dc.
Mt s ngi tin rng vn ny c th c gii quyt bng vic cung cp thm
trng hc v gio vin, trong khi nhng ngi khc ngh rng vn ny c th
c gii quyt bng vic cung cp thm my tnh v tip cn mng Internet. Tho
lun c hai cch nhn nhn v a ra kin ring.
Dn bi vit:
M bi: gii thiu ch , kin ring tt hn l nn c thm trng hc, gio
vin.
on 2: my tnh/truy cp Interner hu ch [1] ngun thng tin: hc t xa [2] tr
em hc k nng cng ngh thng tin ci thin c hi vic lm tng lai ca cc
em.
on 3: thm trng hc v gio vin l bc quan trng u tin [1] dy cc k
nng c bn: tnh ton v c vit [2] nng cao trnh hc vn, hng dn tr em
s dng ti nguyn trc tuyn.
Kt bi: s cung cp thm cc trng hc/gio vin l gii php tt hn.
P N
cc nc km pht trin, s thiu st trong vic cung cp cho tr em khu vc
nng thn l vn nghim trng. Trong khi c nhiu l l mnh m rng lp t

Page 155
thm my tnh v m rng kt ni internet c th gip gii quyt vn ny, ti tin
rng u tin trn ht nn l xy thm trng hc v tuyn dng thm gio vin.
Mt mt, vic cung cp my tnh v m rng kt ni internet cho cc khu vc nng
thn ho lnh l quan trng. Th nht, truy cp internet mang n mt ngun thng
tin khng gii hn.V vy, vic ny l kh thi cho cc hc sinh cc cng ng
nng thn tn dng li th ca vic hc t xa cc chng trnh gio dc, cho cc
em nhng c hi ging nh tr em cc trng thnh th. Th hai, s gii thiu v
my tnh lm cho tr em t c cc k nng cng ngh thng tin. R rng l nu
khng c nhng k nng , cc em hc sinh khng th hc cch s dng
Microsoft Office hoc tm kim thng tin trn mng, nhng kh nng s nng cao
c hi vic lm tng lai ca cc em.
Mt khc, ti ng vi nhng ngi tranh lun rng tt hn l cung cp thm
trng hc v gio vin nhng khu vc nng thn. L do chnh l gio vin
ng vai tr quan trng trong nhng giai on u ca vic dy c vit v tnh
ton c bn, nhng kh nng m nu khng c th my tnh v mng internet ch
hn cht nhng mn chi. Trong nhng nm u, gio vin l ngi c vn
tng tc trc tip vi cc em hc sinh, ch bo cc em v thm nhun cc em gi
tr ca vic hc. Mt l do khc l cng nhiu trng hc cc cng ng nng
thn, cng c kh nng hin thc ha mc ch ca gio dc ph thng. Vi s
hng dn ng n t gio vin, hc sinh c th tn dng ti nguyn trc tuyn,
v trnh gio dc cc nc ang pht trin s c nng cao.
Tm li. ti s tranh lun rng s cung cp thm trng hc v gio vin l bc
quan trng u tin trong vic m rng tip cn gio dc cho tr em nhng cng
ng nng thn.
VOCABULARY
installing: [verb] [ci t] fixing equipment into a position so that it can be
used.

Page 156
Example: Many stores are now installing security cameras to deter criminals.
top priority: [expression] [u tin trn ht] something that you think is more
important than other things and which should therefore be done first.
Example: The governments top priority is to improve the public health service.
remote: [adjective] [ho lnh] far from places where other people live.
Example: She lives in a remote community in the desert.
distance learning: [noun] [hc t xa] a system of education in which people
study at home with the help of the internet or TV programmes and e-mail work to
their teachers.
Example: Thanks to distance learning, many students no longer have to attend
classes in person, but can study online.
acquire: [verb] [t c] gain something by your own efforts or skills.
Example: She studied hard and acquired a good knowledge of English.
employment prospects: [expression] [c hi vic lm] the chances of
successfully finding a job.
Example: At the age of 25, he was an unemployed musician with no employment
prospects.
literacy and numeracy: [nouns] [c vit v tnh ton] the ability to read,
write and understand numbers.
Example: By employing more teachers, the government raised the standard of
literacy and numeracy in the country.
playthings: [noun] [ chi] toys.
Example: Traditionally, many girls were given dolls as playthings by their
parents.
mentor: [noun] [ngi c vn] an experienced person who helps and guides
someone younger or with less experience.
Example: Although he was a famous film star, he always tried to help young
actors and was a mentor who helped some of them to achieve success.

Page 157
enlighten: [verb] [ch bo] give information to someone, so that they
understand something better.
Example: The TV debate enlightened viewers about the problems facing the
country.
instil: [verb] [thm nhun] make someone feel, think or behave in a
particular way.
Example: Many people think that army training instils discipline into young
people.
realisation: [noun] [hin thc ha] the process of achieving an aim or
ambition.
Example: When I passed the exam, it was the realisation of a dream !
12. (02/06/2016) It is suggested that everyone wants to have a car, a

television and a fridge. Do the disadvantages of this development for society
outweighthe advantages?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
Paragraph 2: disadvantages [1] health: all 3 items contribute to a more sedentary
and unhealthy lifestyle. [2] environment: use energy, create problems of waste
disposal.
Paragraph 3: advantages [1] personal mobility increased car. [2] entertainment,
news and education can be brought into our homes tv.; example Discovery
Channel [3] food can be stored safely for a long time reduces waste fridge.
Conclusion: used intelligently, there are more advantages than disadvantages of
these consumer products.
ANSWER

Page 158
It is true that cars, TVs and fridges are today among the most popular consumer
goods that people consider as essential to enjoy a comfortable and fulfilling
lifestyle. While there are drawbacks of this trend, I would argue that the
advantages more than compensate for any disadvantages.
On the one hand, the health and environmental issues which are associated with the
mass ownership of such products should not be underestimated. Cars discourage
people from taking exercise such as walking or cycling short distances, and they
produce polluting exhaust emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Too much time spent in front of the TV results in unhealthy, sedentary habits,
turning viewers into couch potatoes. Even the fridge prompts unhealthy eating,
and youngsters in particular may become accustomed to opening the fridge to
snack on some fatteningtreats. Of course, when all these products reach the end
of their useful life, the problem of how to dispose of them becomes a serious
environmental issue.
On the other hand, I support the view of those who believe that the benefits of
these consumer products outweigh the disadvantages. Cars enable people to have
freedom of movement to visit people and places. TV programmes are not all
mindless entertainment, and discerning viewers will choose channels like
Discovery to broaden their knowledge and will watch news and discussion
programmes on serious contemporary issues. Finally, the convenience of being
able to store food in the fridge for long periods is obvious food waste is reduced
and visits to the supermarket can be made on a weekly or monthly basis, saving
time and effort.
In conclusion, I consider that the advantages of these products outweigh the

drawbacks, provided that we use them sensibly.

Page 159
286 words
Dch i :
C xut l mi ngi u mun c mt chic xe hi, mt ci ti vi v mt ci t
lnh. Liu nhng bt li ca s pht trin ny cho x hi c vt ln trn nhng li
ch?
Dn
M bi: gii thiu ch , nhng li ch vt ln trn nhng bt li.
on vn 2: nhng bt li [1] sc khe: tt c 3 vt dng u gp phn vo li
sng t vn ng v gy hi cho sc khe hn. [2] mi trng: s dng nng
lng, to ra cc vn v x l cht thi.
on vn 3: nhng li ch [1] s di chuyn c nhn gia tng xe hi. [2] gii tr,
tin tc v gio dc c th c mang n tn nh ca chng ta tv; v d- Knh
Discovery [3] thc n c th c lu tr an ton trong mt thi gian di gim
cht thi t lnh.
Kt bi: c s dng mt cch thng minh, c nhiu li ch hn l bt li ca
nhng sn phm tiu dung ny.
P N
ng l nhng chic xe hi, tivi v t lnh nm trong nhng sn phm tiu dng
ph bin nht m mi ngi cho rng l quan trng tn hng mt li sng
thoi mi v tha mn. Trong khi c nhng nhc im ca xu hng ny, ti cho
rng nhng li ch b tr cho bt c nhc im no.
Mt mt, nhng vn sc khe v mi trng c lin h vi hng t s s hu
nhng sn phm ny khng nn b nh gi thp. Xe hi khng khuyn khch
ngi ta tp th dc nh i b hay p xe qung ng ngn, v chng sn xut ra
cc loi kh thi gy nhim lm gp phn cho hiu ng nh knh. Qu nhiu thi
gian dnh ra trc TV dn n nhng thi quen hi sc khe, li vn ng, bin
ngi xem thnh nhng c khoai ty ra trn gh. Thm ch t lnh gy ra thi

Page 160
quen n ung khng tt cho sc khe, v c th l cc bn tr c th tr nn quen
vi vic m t lnh n nh vi ba chiu i bo b. Tt nhin, khi tt c nhng
sn phm ny ht hn s dng, vn x l chng th no tr thnh mt vn
mi trng nghim trng.
Mt khc, ti ng h quan im ca nhng ngi tin rng li ch ca nhng sn
phm tiu dng ny vt ln trn nhng bt li. Xe hi lm cho ngi ta c s t
do di chuyn thm th mi ngi v cc ni. Nhng chng trnh TV khng
phi u l s gii tr v b, v nhng khn gi sang sut s chn cc knh nh
Discovery m rng kin thc ca h v s xem tin tc v cc chng trnh bn
lun nhng s kin ng thi nghim trng. Cui cng, s tin li ca kh nng
lu tr thc n trong t lnh trong khong thi gian di l d thy Cht thi thc
phm c gim bt v nhng chuyn i siu th c th thc hin theo hng tun
hoc hng thng, tit kim thi gian v cng sc.
Tm li, ti ngh rng nhng li th ca cc sn phm ny vt tri hn nhng bt
li, nu nh chng ta s dng chng mt cch hp l.
VOCABULARY
fulfilling: [adjective] [tha mn] causing somebody to feel satisfied.
Example: Doctors and nurses do very fulfilling jobs.
discourage: [verb] [khng khuyn khch] make somebody feel less
confident or enthusiastic about doing something.
Example: The bad weather discouraged people from attending the event.
sedentary: [adjective] (work or activity) [li vn ng] in which you
spend a lot of time sitting down.
Example: She has a sedentary job, working all day in an office in front of her
computer.

Page 161
couch potatoes: [noun] [nhng c khoai ty ra trn gh] lazy people who
spend a lot of time sitting on the sofa wasting their time watching TV or playing
video games.
Example: His parents are couch potatoes who spend all day in front of the TV.
snack: [verb] [n nh] eat snacks between or instead of main meals.
Example: It is healthier to snack on fruit rather than chocolate.
fattening: [adjective] [bo] likely to make you fat.
Example: These cakes are very fattening do not eat too many !
treats: [noun] [ba chiu i] things which are very pleasant and enjoyable.
Example: When we were children, our father used to buy us treats like ice-cream
or chocolate every Sunday.
dispose of: [phrasal verb] [x l] get rid of something that you cannot keep
or no longer want.
Example: Scientists are meeting to discuss how to dispose of nuclear waste safely.
mindless: [adjective] [v b] not requiring thought or intelligence.
Example: At work, I have to do mindless and repetitive tasks.
discerning: [adjective] [sng sut] able to show good judgement about the
quality of something.
Example: Discerning customers will appreciate the good food served at this
restaurant.
contemporary: [adjective] [ng thi] belonging to the present time.
Example: She prefers contemporary fiction, because it relates to life today.
13. (18/02/2016) New technologies have changed the way children spend
their free time. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Essay Plan:

Page 162
Introduction: refer to statement and give opinion there are more advantages
than disadvantages.
Paragraph 2: disadvantages: [1] less time spent playing sport and doing healthy
exercise [2] physical drawbacks eye-strain, headaches
Paragraph 3: advantages: [1] aids self- study example learning English [2]
access knowledge and make friends worldwide.
ANSWER
It is true that many children now spend much of their spare time playing with the
latest technological devices. Despite some obvious disadvantages of this trend, I
believe that these are outweighed by the advantages.
On the one hand, there are two major drawbacks when children devote much of
their free time to playing electronic games or using the Internet. Firstly, exercise is
necessary for the physical development of children, so playing games in the street
or in the park with their friends is anintegral part of maintaining a healthy
lifestyle. Secondly, spending too much time on their computers or mobile phones
may lead to health problems for some youngsters. If they keep theireyes glued to
screens for hours on end, they may suffer from eye-strain. Waves from hi-
fidevices also tend to cause headaches if used for too long.
On the other hand, I believe that the benefits are more significant than such
disadvantages. One reason for this view is that new technologies encourage
children to use their free time to broadentheir knowledge, which is possible in
fun ways through interactive software. My young nephew, for example, spends
hours on the Internet learning about dinosaurs. Another reason is that the Internet
gives youngsters countless opportunities to discover friends with the same

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interests in any part of the world, using chat rooms and social networks such as
Facebook. Consequently, new technologies both promote the habit of self-study
and encourage young people to develop a wide circle of virtual friends.
In conclusion, I would argue that the advantages of this modern trend are more
significant than the disadvantages.
270 words
Dch i :
18/02/2016:
Cng ngh hin i thay i hon ton nhng hot ng ca tr nh lc rnh
ri. Theo bn, vic ny mang li nhiu li ch hn bt li hay khng?
Dn bi vit:
M bi: nhc li bi v a ra kin c nhiu thun li hn bt li.
on vn 2: Nhng bt li [1] t thi gian chi th thao v tp cc bi th dc tt
cho sc khe [2] nhng hn ch v th cht: mi mt, au u
on vn 3: Nhng li ch [1] gip ch cho vic t hc v d hc ting Anh [2]
tip cn c vi kin thc v bn b khp ni trn th gii
Kt lun: nhc li m bi, dng cch vit khc
P N:
Hin nay rt nhiu tr em dnh nhiu thi gian rnh ri chi vi cc thit b
cng ngh mi nht. Mc d xu hng ny c mt s bt li, ti vn tin rng cc
li ch em li nhiu hn.
Mt mt, c hai hn ch ch yu khi tr em dnh qu nhiu thi gian rnh chi
in t hoc s dng mng Internet. u tin, luyn tp th dc rt cn thit cho s
pht trin th cht ca tr, do vic chi a trn ph hay cng vin vi bn b
s l mt phn khng th thiu c nhm duy tr mt li sng khe mnh. Th

Page 164
hai, dnh qu nhiu thi gian cho my tnh hoc in thoi di ng s c th dn
ti cc vn v sc khe cho cc tr nh. Nu cc em lin tc nhn mn hnh
trong nhiu gi lin, cc em s gp phi tnh trng mi mt. Sng t cc thit b m
thanh cng c xu hng gy au u cho tr nh nu s dng trong thi gian di.
Mt khc, ti cho rng nhng li ch em li th quan trng hn nhng bt li k
trn. Mt l do bo v quan im ny l cng ngh mi khuyn khch tr nh s
dng thi gian rnh ri m mang kin thc, thc hin bng nhiu cch th v
vi cc phn mm tng tc. V d nh, a chu trai ca ti thng dnh nhiu
gi lin nghin cu v khng long qua mng Internet. Mt l do khc l
mng Internet cng to ra v vn c hi thanh thiu nin tm hiu nhng bn b
cng s thch t khp ni trn th gii, thng qua cc phng tr chuyn hay cc
mng x hi nh Facebook. V vy, cng ngh mi va nng cao thi quen t hc
ng thi cng khuyn khch thanh thiu nin pht trin mt mng li rng khp
nhng ngi bn o.
Tm li, ti cho rng nhng li ch ca xu hng hin i ny quan trng hn l
nhng bt li n em li.
VOCABULARY
outweighed: [verb] [quan trng hn] greater or more important than
something.
Example: The dangers of surfing are outweighed by the excitement of this sport.
drawbacks: [noun] [bt li, hn ch] a very useful word to mean
disadvantages.
Example: The drawbacks of the new hospital are the location and the building
costs.
devote to: [phrasal verb] [cng hin cho, dnh thi gian cho] give an
amount of time or attention to something.
Example: After work, I can only devote two hours each evening to studying.

Page 165
an integral part of: [expression] [mt phn khng th thiu c] play an
essential part in something.
Example: Having time to play with friends is an integral part of a happy
childhood.
keep their eyes glued to screens: [expression] [nhn mn hnh trong nhiu
gi] look at screens in a very concentrated way for a long time.
Example: Security guards have to keep their eyes glued to screens of security
cameras to look for criminals entering the building.
hi-fi devices: [noun] [thit b m thanh] equipment which plays recorded
music.
Example: As she likes to listen to music, her home has some expensive hi-fi
devices.
benefits: [noun] [li ch] a very useful word to mean advantages.
Example: Modern medical treatment has many benefits, including the ability to
cure many illnesses.
broaden their knowledge: [expression] [m mang kin thc] increase and
make wider their knowledge of something.
Example: They lived in Hanoi for one year, and they were able to broaden their
knowledge of Vietnamese culture.
interactive: [adjective] [tng tc ln nhau] allowing information to be
passed to and from the computer and the person who is using it.
Example: The online English teaching programme that I bought is interactive, so
I have to concentrate all the time that I am learning.
countless: [adjective] [v s] very many.
Example: He has had countless opportunities to apologise to me, but he refuses to
do so.
circle of virtual friends: [noun] [mng li cc ngi bn o] a group of
friends whom you chat with online.

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Example: After joining Facebook, she now has a wide circle of virtual friends
and she hopes to meet some of them in person in the future.
14. Some people believe that living in big cities is becoming more difficult.
Others believe that it is getting easier. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion. (05/11/16)
Essay Plan:
introduction: there are different views, but I agree with those who think that
life in cities is becoming easier.
paragraph 2: view 1 life is more difficult [1] environmental pollution
vehicles, air quality and health [2] cost of living is high especially for those on
low incomes and students
paragraph 3: view 2 life is easier [1] better job opportunities and career
prospects example, university graduates [2] chance to enjoy all the leisure
activities which the city has to offer example, the cinema
conclusion: I would argue that life is becoming easier and pleasanter in big
cities.
Dn :
Gii thiu: c nhng quan im khc nhau, nhng ti ng vi nhng

ngi cho rng cuc sng cc thnh ph ang tr nn d dng hn.
on 2: Quan im 1 - cuc sng th kh khn hn [1] mi trng nhim -
xe, cht lng khng kh v sc khe [2] chi ph sinh hot cao - c bit l i vi
nhng ngi c thu nhp thp v sinh vin
on 3: Quan im 2 - cuc sng th d dng hn [1] c hi cng vic v
trin vng ngh nghip tt hn - v d, sinh vin tt nghip i hc [2] c hi
tn hng tt c cc hot ng gii tr m thnh ph cung cp - v d, cc rp
chiu phim
Kt lun: Ti cho rng cuc sng ang tr nn d dng v thoi mi hn
cc thnh ph ln.
Amended Essay:

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It is true that there are good arguments on both sides of the question of living in big
cities. While I acknowledge the drawbacks, I agree with those who consider that
life is becoming easier, even in a large metropolis.
On the one hand, there are powerful reasons to argue that some aspects of city life
are making life more difficult for those who live there. Firstly, the population
density is high and many residents use their cars to commute to work, to take
children to school or simply to get around. More cars mean an increase in exhaust
fumes, a deterioration in air quality and damaging effects on public health,
especially for those with respiratory problems. Secondly, the cost of living is
usually much higher in big cities compared with rural areas. The cost of living is
constantly rising, as rents, house prices and public transport fares all increase
regularly. Those on low incomes and students sometimes suffer from genuine
hardship and are barely able to make ends meet.
On the other hand, I agree with those who argue that life in the cities is becoming
easier. People often migrate to urban areas because there are greater job
opportunities and career prospects. For example, recent graduates who may have
attended a university in a big city are unlikely to find work suited to their
qualifications in the countryside, whereas the big companies and the big money
are to be found in the cities. Another key factor to consider is the wealth of leisure
and culture on offer in large urban areas. The cinema, music concerts and sports
centres all attract customers, especially young people. It was once written: if you
are tired of London, you are tired of life! Big cities simply offer so much to do!
In conclusion, I believe that life in big cities, despite the problems, is getting easier
and pleasanter.
317 words
Bi cha:
ng l c nhng lp lun tt trn c hai mt ca vn v ca cuc sng cc

thnh ph ln. Trong khi tha nhn nhng hn ch, ti cng ng vi nhng
ngi cho rng cuc sng ang tr nn d dng hn, ngay c trong mt th ln.
Mt mt, c nhng l do thuyt phc lp lun rng mt s kha cnh ca cuc

sng thnh ph ang bin n tr nn kh khn hn cho nhng ngi sng .
Th nht, mt dn s cao v nhiu ngi s dng xe i n ni lm vic,
a con n trng hoc n gin ch i loanh quanh u . Nhiu xe ng

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ngha vi mt s gia tng kh thi, s suy gim cht lng khng kh v c nhng
tc ng ph hoi i vi sc khe cng ng, c bit l cho nhng ngi c vn
v h hp. Th hai, chi ph sinh hot thng l cao hn nhiu cc thnh ph
ln so vi cc khu vc nng thn. Chi ph sinh hot khng ngng tng ln, nh gi
cho thu, gi nh v gi v giao thng cng cng u tng u n. Nhng ngi
c thu nhp thp v sinh vin i khi phi chu ng nhiu kh khn, thit thi v
hu nh khng th kim sng.
Mt khc, ti cng ng vi nhng ngi cho rng cuc sng cc thnh ph

ang tr nn d dng hn. Mi ngi thng di c n cc khu vc th v c hi
vic lm cao v trin vng ngh nghip ln hn. V d l, sinh vin mi tt
nghip ti mt trng i hc thnh ph ln gn nh khng c kh nng tm
c vic lm ph hp vi trnh ca h nng thn, trong khi cc cng ty ln
v cc khon tin ln li c tm thy thnh ph. Mt yu t quan trng cn
xem xt l s a dng cc hot ng gii tr v vn ha c cung cp ti cc khu
vc th ln. Cc rp chiu phim, cc bui ha nhc v cc trung tm th thao
u thu ht nhiu khch hng, c bit l gii tr. C cu ni rng: nu bn chn
London, bn ang chn ngn vi c cuc sng! Nhng thnh ph ln ch n gin
l a ra rt nhiu vic phi lm!
Tm li, ti tin rng cuc sng cc thnh ph ln, bt k l c vn g chng

na, cng ang dn tr nn d dng v thoi mi hn.
Vocabulary:
acknowledge: (tha nhn) [verb] accept that something is true

Example: Some people refuse to acknowledge the recent US election result.
metropolis: ( th) [noun] a large, important city

Example: Barcelona has all the sports facilities that you expect in a great
metropolis.
get around: (i quanh) [phrasal verb] move from place to place

Example: She gets around in her car to do the shopping and to visit her friends.
exhaust fumes: (kh thi xe c) [noun] gases from the engine of a vehicle emitted
as waste products

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Example: The air quality in cities is usually bad as a result of the exhaust fumes
from cars, trucks and buses.
deterioration: (s suy gim/suy i/sa o/km i) [noun] the fact or process of

becoming worse
Example: There is a deterioration in the relations between the two countries.
respiratory: (lin quan n h hp) [adjective] connected with breathing

Example: Illnesses associated with respiratory problems include asthma and
bronchitis.
fares: (tin v xe/tin ph i xe) [noun] the money that you pay to travel by bus,
train, taxi etc
Example: The fares on the buses increased last week.
hardship: (s gian kh) [noun] a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because
you dont have enough money
Example: The two men suffered great hardship after they lost their jobs.
make ends meet: (kim sng) [expression] have just enough money to buy the
things that you need
Example: Many students find it difficult to make ends meet without taking a part-
time job.
career prospects: (trin vng ngh nghip) [noun] the probability or chance for
future success in a profession
Example: Success in the medical exam will improve your career prospects as a
doctor.
suited to: (ph hp vi) suitable or appropriate for

Example: The beach is well suited to surfing as well as just relaxing.
big money: (nhiu tin) [expression] a large amount of money

Example: Youll never make big money unless you work hard.

Page 170
wealth of: (mt lng ln th g qu gi) [expression] a good supply or quantity
of something desirable
Example: There is a wealth of information on her website.
15. International travel has many advantages to both travellers and the
country that they visited. Do Advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
(03/12/16)
Essay Plan:
agree with the statement there are advantages and disadvantages. State
opinion more benefits than drawbacks
paragraph 2: disadvantages: [1] exploitation of tourists overcharging [2]
associated problems of destruction of the environment and pollution due to the
growth of international tourism example: Thailand, Malaysia
paragraph 3: advantages: [1] the growth of international travel has led to
greater competition to provide value-for-money holidays example, packages
offered by competing international tour operators [2] influx of foreign tourists
brings money to the host country by providing jobs and services
conclusion: although there are serious issues to tackle, the development of
international travel has brought more benefits than disadvantages.
Dn bi:
ng vi khng nh trn c c u v nhc im. Khng nh kin c
nhn li ch nhiu hn.
on 2: Bt li
- Khai thc du khch qu mc
- Cc vn lin quan n ph hy v gy nhim mi trng do s pht
trin ca du lch quc t - v d: Thi Lan, Malaysia.
on 3: Thun li
- S pht trin ca du lch quc t to iu kin cho cnh tranh mnh m hn,
t cc nh kinh doanh phi cung cp cc gi du lch gi tr hn v d, cc gi
du lch c a ra bi cc cng ty l hnh quc t.
- S trn vo ca khch du lch nc ngoi mang li nhun cho nc s ti do
to ra dch v v vic lm.

Page 171
Kt lun: D c nhiu vn nghim trng cn gii quyt, s pht trin ca
du lch quc t mang ti nhiu li ch hn l nhng bt li.
Amended Essay:
It is true that the growth of the international travel industry has brought many
benefits to both travellers and the host nations which receive them. While there
are serious negative consequences of this development, I would argue that these
are outweighed by the advantages.
On the one hand, there are some aspects of international travel principally the
tourist trade which raise cause for concern. In terms of the tourists themselves,
they often arrive at an overseas destination only to find that the prices of
everything are grosslyinflated. They may be overcharged for everything from a
taxi, a meal in a restaurant or buying a souvenir. In terms of the host country, the
problems of waste disposal, pollution and unregulated construction of hotels and
tourist attractions often result in permanent damage to the environment. Many
beach resorts in Thailand and Malaysia, for example, have become concrete
jungles of high-rise hotels and apartments to accommodate mass tourism from
Europe.
On the other hand, despite such grave issues, these are not insurmountable and
must be considered against the advantages of the growing international travel
industry. Firstly, there is ever-greater competition among tour operators to provide
value for money holidays, so that holiday-makers can enjoy their experience of a
foreign country and culture to the full. Secondly, the influx of foreign tourists
brings money to the host country through the provision of jobs and services for the
developing hotel and construction industries. Employees in these sectors generally
benefit from higher wages and improved living standards.
In conclusion, I believe that the advantages of international travel for both

travellers and host countries are greater than the drawbacks, serious though these
are.
277 words
S pht trin ca du lch quc t mang li nhiu li ch cho c ngi i du lch

v c quc gia nhn khch. D cn nhiu hu qu nghim trng xy ra do s pht
trin ny, ti vn cho rng nhng li ch n mang li ln hn c.

Page 172
Mt mt, c mt vi kha cnh ca du lch quc t - ch yu l du lch thng mi
cn phi quan tm. V pha khch du lch, h thng du lch ti cc im du lch
nc ngoi m li ch thy rng gi c y b y ln rt cao. H b cht chm
mi th, t tin taxi, ti mt ba n trong nh hng hay tin mua mt mn lu
nim. V nc s ti, vn v x l nc thi nhim v xy dng cc c s lu
tr v im tham quan khng ng quy nh thng dn ti s ph hy mi trng
vnh vin. V d nh, rt nhiu khu ngh dng bin Thi Lan v Malaysia b
b tng ha do nhng khch sn v cn h cao tng cho khch du lch i chng
t chu u lu tr.
Mt khc, d nhng vn xy ra rt nghim trng, nhng chng khng th vt

qua v ph nhn c nhng li ch n t ngnh du lch quc t ang rt pht
trin ny. u tin, s cnh tranh ngy cng gt gao gia cc cng ty l hnh lm
gia tng gi tr cho cc gi du lch, v th, ngi i du lch c th ti a ha tri
nghim ca mnh ti mt quc gia nc ngoi v vn ha . Th hai, s trn
vo ca khch du lch nc ngoi mang li li nhun cho quc gia nhn khch,
thng qua vic to ra vic lm v dch v cho cc khch sn ang pht trin v
ngnh xy dng. Nhn vin trong cc ngnh ny c nhn lng cao hn v t
nng cao cht lng sng.
Tm li, ti cho rng du lch quc t mang li nhiu li ch, i vi c du khch v

quc gia nhn khch, hn nhiu so vi nhng bt li n gy ra, d l nhng vn
nghim trng.
Vocabulary:
host nation: [noun] a country to which a visitor or immigrant has come.

Example: In terms of numbers of visitors, France is the leading host nation in
Europe.
grossly: [adverb] extremely used to describe something unpleasant or untrue.

Example: After many years of eating too much, he is grossly overweight.
inflated: [adjective] higher than is reasonable or acceptable.

Example: The houses were sold at inflated prices, so few people could afford to
buy them.

Page 173
overcharge: [verb] make somebody pay too much for something.
Example: Unfortunately, the restaurant has a reputation for overcharging
customers for their meals.
unregulated: [adjective] not controlled by laws or rules.

Example: The unregulated sale of tobacco to children must be dealt with by the
police.
concrete jungle: [noun] an area that is unpleasant because it has large modern
buildings and no trees or natural beauty.
Example: The fishing village has now become a concrete jungle of ugly hotels
and apartments.
high-rise: [adjective] very tall, used to describe a building.

Example: The high-rise apartment block has 20 floors.
accommodate: [verb] change a policy or idea in order to deal with a new

situation.
Example: The restaurant is changing its menu in order to accommodate the
growing number of vegetarian customers.
grave: [adjective] serious

Example: The police have said that they have grave concerns about the boy who
went missing from home yesterday.
insurmountable: [adjective] that cannot be dealt with successfully.

Example: The problem appeared insurmountable and she could think of no
solution.
to the full: [expression] fully, to the greatest possible degree.

Example: They live life to the full, spending all their money to enjoy themselves
as much as they can.
influx: [noun] the fact of a lot of people, things or money arriving somewhere.
Example: The sudden influx of refugees into the country has created problems for
the government.

Page 174
T vng
Host nation: (danh t) quc gia m du khch hoc ngi di c ti.
V d: V s lng khch du lch, Php l nc ch nh dn u ti Chu u.
Grossly: (trng t) cc k c dng ni v mt iu mang ngha khng hay,

khng ng s tht.
V d: Sau nhiu nm n qu nhiu, anh ta b tha cn qu mc.
Inflated: (tnh t) cao hn so vi mc hp l, c th chp nhn c
V d: Nhng ngi nh c bn vi gi thi phng ln (n gi), nn rt t

ngi c th mua c.
Overcharge (ng t): bn t cho ai ci g
V d: Tht khng may, nh hng c ting l thng ly gi qu t.
Unregulated (tnh t): khng c kim sot theo quy nh, lut l
V d: Vic bun bn thuc l tri php cho tr em s phi do cnh st gii quyt.
Concrete jungle (danh t): mt khu vc c nhiu ta nh ln, hin i v khng h

c cy hay cnh vt t nhin.
V d: Lng chi b b tng ha do nhng khch sn v cn h xu x.
High-rise (tnh t): rt cao, c dng ch cc ta nh.
V d: Khu chung c cao tng c tt c 20 tng.
Accommodate (ng t): iu chnh mt chnh sch/ tng ph hp vi hon

cnh mi.
V d: Nh hng ang thay i thc n ph hp vi s gia tng s lng khch

hng n chay.
Grave (tnh t): nghim trng/ nghim tc/ thc s
V d: Cnh st ni rng h v cng quan tm ti cu b i lc ngy hm qua.
Insurmountable (tnh t): khng vt qua c

Page 175
V d: Vn c v khng th vt qua c v c y khng th ngh c
cch gii quyt no c.
To the full (cch din t): y , ti mc cao nht c th.
V d: H tn hng cuc sng, dnh ht tin bc hng th ht mc c th.
Influx (danh t): tnh trng c rt nhiu ngi, vt hay tin bc o n mt ni no

.
V d: Dng ngi di c bt ng trn vo quc gia gy ra nhiu vn cho

chnh ph.

Page 176
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
M bi
+ Ni v topic (paraphrase li cu ca bi)
+ Tr li cu hi bi mt cch chung chung
* Nu bi hi nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng & cch gii quyt: Ch nu chung
chung l c mt s nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng ny v c mt s cch gii
quyt n (khng cn a c th l nguyn nhn g v gii php g).
* Nu bi hi hin tng gy ra vn g & cch gii quyt: Ch cn nu chung
chung l c mt s vn c gy ra v c mt s cch gii quyt n
Thn bi 1: Gii thch cc reasons/"problems"
Thn bi 2: Gii thch solutions
Kt lun
Nhc li nhn mnh c cc nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng ny v cc cch gii
quyt n (ch paraphrase). Ch cn vit ngn gn, n gin.

Page 177
1. (30/05/15) Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing
for their country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative
attitudes.
ANSWER:
It is widely argued that global tourism has a negative impact on destination resorts
and countries. While there is a strong case for this view, solutions must be applied
to resolve some of the serious issues which have arisen.
There are two primary reasons why local residents often consider international
tourism as a cause of serious problems in their countries. One reason is that it may
have an adverse impact on traditional customs and indigenous practices, because
tourists may be insensitive towards the feelings of local residents. For example,
some western holidaymakers visiting developing Southeast Asian countries may be
rowdy or wear unsuitable clothes, which might have an undesirable influence on
local young people who copy immodest or provocative behaviour and fashions.
Another reason is that tourists often pollute or litter beauty spots and several
famous beaches in Vietnam, such as Cua Lo and Sam Son, have been spoiled by
this lack of respect for the local environment.
Measures must be taken by governments and international bodies to change

negative attitudes. Firstly, the undoubted economic benefits of international
tourism for local economies ought to be more widely promoted through the official
media. International tourists spend money in shops and restaurants and create jobs
in service industries and this aspect must be publicised. At the same time, tourist
agencies should urge visitors to respect the local customs and culture of their
hosts. Secondly, bodies such as the World Tourism Organisation must enforce
strict regulations on the tourism industry, ensuring that local operators are

Page 178
responsible for clearing litter and disposing of waste in ways that do not harm the
environment, and issuing international Blue Flags to indicate clean beaches.
In conclusion, only by addressing the concerns of local people will negative
attitudes to international tourism be changed.
295 words
COMMENTS
Certainly, Bach, this essay meets most of the criteria for a very high band score. I would
characterise your response as well-developed, with relevant, extended and supported ideas.
Correctly, you did not try to discuss too many reasons for the problem [you focused on two
important reasons in paragraph 2].
In paragraph 2, I found your example of the environmental problems of litter on some
Vietnamese beaches really excellent to support your point. I would like to see another real-life
example in paragraph 3.
Of course, the essay had a good balance between reasons and solutions. Ironically, in
paragraph 3 your reference to one benefit of international tourism contradicts one point which
you made in paragraph 2, Bach. It is true that a mixture of cultures can foster tolerance and
understanding. However, as you correctly noted in paragraph 2, such a mixture can also lead to
conflict. In Muslim cultures, such as Bali in Indonesia, local people were shocked at first by the
sight of Australian youngsters in the street and in shops wearing bikinis or swimming costumes.
As always, Bach, you provided a well-organised essay. The logical paragraph structure is
supported by precise topic sentences and clearly identified arguments.
Dch i
(30/05/15)Nhiu ngi tin rng vic tip n du khch quc t l iu khng tt
i vi t nc h. L do l g? Hy nu cc gii php thay i thi tiu
cc ny.
P N:
Nhiu ngi cho rng vic du khch n thm gy nh hng xu n cc khu
ngh mt trong nc. Mc d quan im ny cn kh nng n, mt vi bin php
nn c p dng gii quyt nhng vn h trng ny sinh.

Page 179
C hai l do chnh tr li cho cu hi ti sao ngi dn thng cho rng vic tip
n khch du lch nc ngoi gy ra vn nghim trng cho t nc h. L do
u tin l iu ny gy bt li cho cc phong tc truyn thng v tp qun bn
a bi khch du lch thng v tm i vi cm nhn ca ngi dn a phng.
V d nh khch du lch phng ty khi i thm cc nc ang pht trin vng
ng Nam h gy mt trt t hoc mc cc trang phc khng ph hp, dn n
cc nh hng khng mong mun i vi lp tr, khin chng bt chc nhng
hnh vi cng nh li n mc khim nh hoc khiu gi. Mt l do tip theo l
khch du lch thng gy nhim hoc x rc ra cc danh lam thng cnh cng
nh cc bi bin ni ting ti Vit Nam nh Ca L hay Sm Sn, nhng bi bin
ny b nhim nng bi s thiu thc i vi mi trng.
Chnh quyn cng nh cc t chc quc t nn c nhng bin php thay i thi
tiu cc. Trc ht, cc li ch kinh t khng th chi ci ca cc du khch quc
t i vi nn kinh t trong nc nn c tuyn truyn rng ri trn cc phng
tin thng tin i chng. Khch du lch nc ngoi chi tiu cho cc ca hiu v nh
hang cng nh to cng n vic lm cho ngnh dch v v kha cnh ny phi c
cng chng bit n. Trong khi , cc c quan ban ngnh du lch nn ku gi du
khch nn tn trng cc phong tc vn ho a phng nc s ti. Th hai, cc t
chc nh T chc Du lch Th gii phi thc thi cc quy nh nghim ngt i vi
ngnh du lch chc chn rng cc nh iu hnh a phng c trch nhim thu
dn v x l rc thi theo cc cch khng gy tn hi n mi trng, ng thi
cm L C Xanh theo chun quc t nh du cho thy cc bi bin sch p.
Tm li, ch vi vic gii quyt cc vn ca ngi dn a phng, thi tiu
cc i vi vic tip n cc du khch nc ngoi s c ci thin.
VOCABULARY
widely argued(c nhiu ngi cho rng):widely refers to how many
people have argued this same thing; if something has been widely argued, it means

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that lots of people have said the same thing about something; it is widely argued
that the key to success is to focus on specific goals and use your time wisely
to have a negative impact on(c tc ng tiu cc n):to have a negative
effect on something; this means that it is not good for you; procrastinating can
have a negative impact on your level of productivity; spending all day on
Facebook can have a negative impact on your ability to finish your work
destination resorts (khu du lch, ngh mt): a place where tourists like to
visit on vacation; a destination is the place (like Hawaii) and a resort is the specific
hotel or accommodation where people stay
behind this point of view(l do ng sau quan im ny):the reason for
having this point of view; the underlying explanation for something; the reason
why someone thinks the way they do; behind this point of view is the
understanding that success happens to those who are focused on the most
important results
oppositional attitudes(thi chng i, i lp, phn khng):having an
oppositional attitude means that you are against something, you dont support an
idea, a policy or regulation; an attitude is how you think about something; the
Democrats try hard to change the oppositional attitudes of the Republicans towards
Obamacare
a cause of serious problems(nguyn nhn ca vn h trng):the reason
why something terrible happens (the cause); serious (important, significant);
problem (something bad); smoking is known to be the cause of serious health
problems
to have an adverse impact on(gy nh hng xu/bt li n):to have a
negative/bad effect on something; the war had an adverse impact on the
environment, due to all the chemicals that were sprayed
indigenous practices(tp qun bn a, phong tc a phng):indigenous
refers to the people who are native to a local area; in the U.S. the indigenous

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people are the Native Americans; practices are the traditions and customs of a
culture; the things they do; some modern people dont understand certain
indigenous practices
insensitive(v tm):not sensitive to somebody or something; it means that
you dont notice what you are doing and the effect that it is having on a person or a
place; his father was insensitive to the fact that he was disappointed at not being
able to travel with him to Japan
rowdy(n o, m , mt trt t):noisy, loud, rough; the boys were too
rowdy last night and they got in trouble by the police; the athletes were so rowdy
that the referees had to warn them several times
unsuitable clothing(trang phc khng ph hp):not suitable,
inappropriate, not the correct or acceptable type of thing; in the Middle East, you
will get in trouble if you wear unsuitable clothing, showing too much of your
body
to have an undesirable influence on(c s nh hng khng mong mun
n):to have an unwanted influence on somebody or something; to do something
so that it influences someone in a way that is not wanted by somebody else; the
teachers were concerned that going to bars would have an undesirable influence on
their students
provocative behaviour and fashions(hnh vi v li n mc khu gi,
khim nh):provocative means to cause annoyance, anger, or another strong
reaction on purpose, like that is what you want to do with your behavior or
clothing; provocative can also mean that it arouses sexual desire or interest;
fashion refers to the clothing that you wear; the young person was punished for
her provocative behavior and fashions while attending school
to be spoiled by(b tn hi, h hng):to be ruined by; when something
spoils something else, it means that it destroys it or makes it worse; the lake was
spoiled by the oil spill

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lack of respectfor(thiu thc, tn trng): to have no respect for someone
or something; to not pay attention to agreed upon rules or customs; young people
these days have a lack of respect for the old ways
unquestionable(khng th chi ci):without question; not able to be
disputed or doubted; to describe when there is no question that something is a
certain way; knowing how to program computers is an unquestionable skill to
have these days
widely promoted(tuyn truyn rng ri):promoted in a big way;
thoroughly or broadly; when you promote something widely you let a lot of people
know about it; the company widely promoted the release of the new xBox
to urge visitors to respect(ku gi du khch nn tn trng, c thc):to
advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of something; to press for;
to try to get someone to do something; you urge someone to do or not do
something; they urged the visitors to respect the rules and not feed the animals
to enforce strict regulations on(thc thi cc lut l nghim ngt):to
enforce means to make sure that people follow the laws or regulations by
punishing them if they dont; strict means tough or tight; to enforce strict
regulations on something means to make sure an punish people if they do
something against the regulation;
the police had to enforce strict regulations on the people so that they would
stop polluting the river
disposing of waste(x l rc thi):to get rid of the waste or garbage, usually
by taking it to the dump or landfill; the company was told that they were not
disposing of waste properly, and they were fined $25,000
harm the environment(gy nhim mi trng):to have a negative impact
on the environment, like on the lakes, rivers, the air, etc; everybody knows that
chemicals from factories can harm the environment; if your company continues
to harm the environment in this way, we will have to shut you down

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addressing the concernsoflocal people(gii quyt cc vn ca ngi
dn a phng): to listen to what the people are concerned about and then do
something about it; to address means to deal with or do something about
something; a concern is a worry, something that you have negative thoughts about
and you want something to change; local refers to the people who live in the town
or area; the politicians said that they would start addressing the concerns of the
local people related to the high levels of air pollution
2. (14/11/2015) The consumption of the world's resources (oil, and water

etc.) is increasing at a dangerous rate. What are causes and solutions?
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: global consumption of oil, water and other natural resources is
increasing too rapidly. There are several reasons, and solutions must be found.
Paragraph 2: [Causes]
[1] developing countries are now using more energy and gasoline [petrol] to
produce more electricity, transport for expanding economy. Individuals also use
more natural resources similar consumption to developed countries example:
private cars, more electricity use in homes.
[2] costly to develop renewable energy price rises to fund this would be
unpopular with voters.
Paragraph 3: [Solutions]
[1] Higher taxes to reduce demand. People will think more carefully if they have
to pay more for what they consume: example: water meters.
[2] Develop renewable sources of energy: example: wind/solar power.
[3] educate individuals not to waste resources: turn off lights, dont leave water
running.

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ANSWER:
It is true that global natural resources such as oil and water are being depleted at an
alarming rate. There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon and several
solutions should be adopted to solve the problem.
There are two primary reasons why the worlds resources are being over-exploited.
[1] Firstly, developing countries nowadays are heavily dependent on natural
resources to drive their economy, especially in transportation and energy fields.
As their citizens are getting wealthier, their demand for energy consumption is
increasing to the level of demand in developed countries, in terms of gas for cars,
and electricity for bigger homes and offices. [2] Secondly, it is easier to use natural
resources rather than spending money to develop and convert sustainable
alternatives, like solar or wind energy. Politicians fear to risk unpopularity by
raising energy prices to fund such developments.
Some measures should be taken to mitigate the problem of overconsumption of

these resources. [1] One step is that governments must impose a higher tax on the
use of natural resources to reduce the demand. By raising tax, peoples pockets are
affected directly, thus, they will use these resources more responsibly. For
example, water meters should be installed in homes and workplaces. [2] Another
essential measure is to develop and introduce renewable sources like solar or wind
energy as alternatives.. These clean energies not only minimize human reliance on
the Earths natural resources but also help protect the environment. [3]
Furthermore, individuals must be educated to use vital resources sparingly and
wisely. Even simple things like not leaving taps running or leaving lights switched
on unnecessarily can all help reduce consumption.

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In conclusion, the overuse of the worlds resources is a big problem for all
countries and solutions should be implemented urgently to tackle this issue.
293 words
Dch i
(14/11/2015) S tiu th cc ngun ti nguyn ca th gii (nh du m hay nc,
vv.) ang ngy mt tng ln mc bo ng. Nguyn nhn v gii php l g?
P N:
C mt s tht l cc ngun ti nguyn t nhin ton cu nh du m v nc
ang b cn kit mc bo ng. C nhiu nguyn nhn ng nhau hin tng ny
v nhiu gii php cn c p dng gii quyt vn t ra.
C hai l do chnh gii thch ti sao cc ngun ti nguyn ca th gii ang b khai
thc qu mc. Trc ht, cc nc ang pht trin ngy nay ang da dm ch yu
vo cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin xoay chuyn nn kinh t, c bit lnh
vc vn ti v nng lng. Do c dn cc nc ny ang tr nn giu c hn, nhu
cu v tiu th nng lng cng tng dn n mc nhu cu ca cc nc pht
trin, nh xng xe, nng lng in cho nhng ngi nh v vn phng ln hn.
Th hai, s dng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin d dng hn so vi u t pht
trin v chuyn sang cc gii php thay th bn vng khc nh nng lng gi hay
mt tri. Cc chnh tr gia quan ngi ri ro nh mt s tn nhim ca dn chng
khi tng gi thnh nng lng cung cp cho cc d n pht trin nh vy.
Mt s bin php nn c p dng gim thiu cc vn tiu th qu ti cc
ngun ti nguyn. Th nht, chnh ph nn nh thu cao hn vic s dng cc
ngun ti nguyn thin nhin gim cu. Thu tng, ti tin ca ngi dn b nh
hng trc tip, do h s s dng cc ngun ti nguyn ny mt cch c trch
nhim hn. Mt bin php na l pht trin v gii thiu cc ngun nng lng
ti to nh nng lng gi hay nng lng mt tri thay th. Nhng ngun nng
lng sch ny khng ch hn ch ti a mc l thuc ca con ngi vo ngun

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ti nguyn thin nhin tri t m cn gip bo v mi trng. Thm vo , cc
c nhn cn c hng dn cch s dng cc ngun ti nguyn qu bu mt cch
tit kim v thng minh. Thm ch nhng iu n gin nh khng vi nc
chy hay n sng mt cch khng cn thit c th gip gim bt s tiu th
nng lng.
Tm li, vic tiu th qu mc cc ngun ti nguyn trn th gii ang l vn to
ln i vi cc nc v cc gii php cn c p dng khn cp gii quyt vn
ny.
VOCABULARY
depleted (cn kit): [verb] reduced by a large amount, so that there is not
much left.
Example: Food supplies were severely depleted as a result of the dry weather.
Phenomenon (hin tng): [noun] a fact or event in nature or society
that is not fully understood.
Example: Globalisation is a phenomenon of this century, but it is a process which
is difficult to explain.
Adopt (p dng): [verb] to accept a suggestion or a policy.
Example: The government adopted a policy of increasing the tax on tobacco.
Drive (xoay chuyn): [verb] to influence something and cause it to move in
a certain direction.
Example: Money from international banks is the main factor driving investment in
this country.
Sustainable (bn vng): [adjective] involving the use of natural products
or energy in a way that does not harm the environment.
Example: Sustainable management of our forests depends on planting more
native trees than we cut down.

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Renewable (ti to): [adjective] replaced naturally or controlled carefully
to ensure that something is never completely destroyed.
Example: Because the sun will always shine and the wind will always blow, solar
and wind energy are both renewable energy sources.
Minimize (hn ch ti a): [verb] to reduce something especially
something bad to the lowest possible level.
Example: Clean conditions in hospitals help to minimize the risk of infections.
Sparingly (tit kim): [adverb] in a way that is careful only to use a little of
something.
Example: We should use water sparingly, because it is a resource that is essential
to sustain life.
leaving taps running ( vi nc chy): [verb phrase] in the kitchen or
bathroom, we leave taps running when we do not close them and the water
continues to come out.
Example: When we clean our teeth, we should not leave taps running it is a
waste of water.
Implement (p dng): [verb] to make something that has been officially
decided start to happen.
Example:A new work programme for young people will be implemented by the
government.
3. (11/4/2015)The older people who need employment have to compete

with younger ones. What problems can this create? What are some solutions?
Planning the ideas
Introduce idea: there is competition between younger and older people for jobs.
This creates problems for older workers, but measures can be taken to help them

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government and individuals can act. Conclusion: repeat using some different
words.
Paragraph 2:
[1] Problem 1: age discrimination older people difficulty in finding jobs.
[2] Problem 2: younger people adapt more easily to changes in work practices -
result: stress of coping with these changes affects health of older workers.
Paragraph 3:
[1]Measure 1: government can stop discrimination against older workers by
passing laws example.
[2] Measure 2: older individuals can adopt positive attitudes to changes at work
young colleagues can help them.
ANSWER:
It is true that fierce competition in the job market between older people and their
younger counterparts has become an increasingly widespread concern. Several
problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a number
of effective solutions from both individuals and the government.
Competing with the young, the older generation has to face up to two main issues.
[1] Firstly, due to age discrimination, older people often suffer more
disadvantages when seeking the same positions as young candidates, even when
they have similar abilities and qualifications. As a result, a number of them become
unemployed, which prevents them from meeting basic human needs. [2] Secondly,
old employees might be under strong pressure, stemming from the fact that their
young colleagues seem to be more creative and adapt themselves to changes at the
workplace more easily than they could do. This may lead to both physical and
psychological problems, including heart disease and depression.

Page 189
Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should take steps
immediately to address these problems. [1] The first solution is that the
government should encourage enterprises to apply the Age Discrimination in
Employment Act of 1967 in order to protect employees who are 40 years old or
more from employment discrimination based on age. As a result, they would be
given greater opportunities to find suitable jobs and earn a living. [2] On an
individual level, older workers should be willing to update their skills through
attending training courses.If younger colleagues also help them to adapt to changes
in the working environment, older workers will gain confidence and improve their
work performance.
In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of increasing rivalry

between the old and the young in the job market and appropriate steps need to be
taken to tackle these problems, not only by the government but also by
individuals.
307 words
Dch i
(11/4/2015) Nhng ngi ln tui ang cn vic lm phi cnh tranh vi nhng
ngi tr tui hn. Nhng vn g c th xy ra? Gii php l g?
P N
S tht l cuc cnh tranh khc lit trong th trng vic lm gia ngi ln tui
v nhng i th tr tui hn v ang dn tr thnh mt vn ph bin. Nhiu
vn ny sinh t khuynh hng ny v cn c gii quyt bi mt vi bin
php hiu qu t c cc c nhn ln chnh ph.
Khi cnh tranh vi nhng ngi tr tui, ngi th h i trc phi i mt vi
hai vn chnh. Th nht, do s phn bit tui tc, ngi ln tui hn thng
phi chu nhiu bt li khi tm kim nhng v tr tng ng ging nhng ng c

Page 190
vin tr, thm ch khi h ch c nng lc v bng cp ngang nga. Do , mt vi
ngi trong s h b tht nghip v khng c p ng nhu cu c bn ca con
ngi. Th hai, nhng nhn vin ln tui c kh nng b p lc nng n, bt ngun
t thc t l nhng ng nghip tr tui dng nh sng to v d thch nghi vi
thay i ca mi trng lm vic hn h. iu ny dn n c nhng vn v
tm l ln th cht, bao gm bnh tim mch v trm cm.
Bi nhng vn c tnh nghim trng, chnh ph v cc c nhn nn tng bc
ngay lp tc gii quyt nhng vn ny. Gii php u tin l chnh ph nn
khuyn khch cc doanh nghip p dng iu lut Phn bit Tui tc trong Tuyn
dng nm 1967 bo v nhng lao ng trn 40 tui khi s phn bit tui tc.
Do , h c trao nhiu c hi tt hn tm nhng cng vic ph hp v kim
sng. cp c nhn, nhng lao ng ln tui nn sn sng trau di nghip
v thng qua cc kho hun luyn. Nu nhng ng nghip t tui cng gip h
thch nghi vi thay i ca mi trng lm vic, nhng lao ng ln tui s c
c s t tin v nng cao hiu qu lao ng.
Tm li, c nhiu nguyn nhn tiu cc ca s gia tng cnh tranh gia nhng
ngi ln tui v tr tui trong th trng lao ng v nhng bin php ph hp
cn thit cn c p dng gii quyt nhng vn ny khng ch bi chnh
ph m cn l cc c nhn.
VOCABULARY
counterpart (i phng, ngi cng cp bc)= a person who has the same
position or function as someone else in a different place or situation.
Example: The President is having discussions with his Chinese counterpart.
age discrimination(phn bit tui tc)= the practice of treating older people
unfairly compared with young people.
Example: The government passed a law prohibiting age discrimination by
employers.

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stemming from (bt ngun t)=resulting from.
Example: The present crisis in health care stems from the lack of funding by the
government.
depression(bnh trm cm)= an illness, when a person feels very sad or
anxious.
Example: He suffered from depression after losing his job.
earn a living(kim sng)= to get money for the work that you do.
Example: He was out of work for many years, but now he earns a living by
selling hot dogs.
update(cp nht) = to make something more modern.
Example: The company decided to update its computer software.
rivalry(cnh tranh)= a situation in which people are competing for the same
thing.
Example: In Spain, there is a great rivalry between the football teams of Madrid
and Barcelona.
4. (12/9/2015) : Fewer and fewer peoplewalk on a daily basis. What are the
reasons and how to encourage them to spend their time walking?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: repeat idea that people are walking less; some reasons and solutions
can be identified.
Paragraph 2: Reason 1 technology lifts and escalators in offices, shopping
centres convenience/laziness. Reason 2 overuse of cars; example taking
children to school by car safety because of busy roads.
Paragraph 3: Encourage people to walk. Solution 1: restrict use of lifts in low-
rise buildings. Solution 2: discourage unnecessary car journeys parents walk to

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and from school with their children. Solution 3: improve infrastructure
pavements, pedestrian areas, covered walkways.
Conclusion: re-state what you wrote in the introduction using some different
words.
ANSWER
In modern life, many people have lost the habit of walking regularly. While there
are various reasons for this trend, some measures can be implemented to
encourage people to take up walking as part of their daily routine.
There are two main reasons, in my opinion, why fewer people walk regularly
nowadays. Firstly, the development of technology has discouraged some people
from walking. Escalators and lifts have appeared everywhere in most towns and
cities, especially in shopping centres and offices. They are, admittedly, convenient
and time-saving but they also encourage laziness. Secondly, as part of our modern
lifestyle, so many journeys are made by car. For example, parents now often drop
off and pick up their children at the school gate, even if the school is near their
home. This is understandable in one sense, as parents worry about the safety of
their children, especially if there are busy main roads to cross to get to school.
There are measures which could be implemented to encourage people to walk

more often. In low-rise buildings, the use of the stairs should be obligatory, with
a lift only for disabled people. In order to dissuade people from using their cars
unnecessarily, no-stopping zones ought to be established in the vicinity of
schools. If children become accustomed to the habit of the daily walk to school,
then responsible parents would need to accompany them. The whole family would
thus get used to regular walking exercise. As another measure, pavements should
be improved and more pedestrian-only zones established in city centres. Covered
walkways and more trees could provide relief from rain and sun in such zones.

Page 193
In conclusion, some reasons why people are walking less regularly can be
identified, and some simple solutions should be adopted to encourage them to walk
more frequently.
Dch i :
(12/09/15): Ngy cng t ngi c thi quen i b hng ngy. Nguyn nhn ca
vn ny l g v lm cch no khuyn khch mi ngi dnh thi gian i
b nhiu hn?
cng bi vit:
M bi: nhc li kin cho rng ngy nay mi ngi t i b hn, nu r mt s l
do v cch gii quyt cho vn
on vn 2: L do 1 k thut thang my v thang cun trong cc vn phng,
trung tm mua sm s tin li/s li bing. L do 2 s lm dng xe hi; v d
- a tr ti trng bng t an ton hn bi ng ph ng c
on vn 3: Khuyn khch mi ngi nn dnh thi gian i b. Phng n 1: hn
ch s dng thang my trong cc ta nh thp tng. Phng n 2: khng khuyn
khch s dng t nu khng cn thit cha m i b a con ti trng v n
con v. Phng n 3: nng cp c s h tng va h, khu vc i b, cc li i b.
P N
Trong cuc sng hin i, rt nhiu ngi nh mt thi quen i b thng
xuyn. C rt nhiu l do gii thch cho xu hng ny, ng thi mt s bin php
khuyn khch mi ngi dnh nhiu thi gian i b hng ngy hn vn c th thc
hin c.
Theo quan im ca ti, c hai l do chnh gii thch ti sao hin nay ngy cng c
t ngi i b thng xuyn hn. u tin, s pht trin ca cng ngh hn ch

Page 194
con ngi dnh thi gian i b. Thang my v thang cun xut hin khp mi
ni t th trn ti cc thnh ph, c bit trong cc khu trung tm mua sm v vn
phng. Phi tha nhn mt iu rng nhng thit b ny v cng tin li v tit
kim c nhiu thi gian tuy nhin chng cng ng thi to iu kin cho s
li bing. Th hai, l mt phn ca li sng hin i ngy nay, vic di chuyn
hng ngy c thc hin hu ht bng xe hi. V d, cc bc cha m hin nay
thng a n con ti cng trng bng xe hi, ngay c khi trng hc rt gn
nh. Xt v gc no th iu ny c th hiu c, bi cc bc ph huynh
thng rt lo lng cho s an ton ca con tr, c bit khi ng ti trng phi i
qua nhiu khu ph ng c.
khuyn khch mi ngi i b thng xuyn hn, mt s bin php c th c
thc hin. Trong cc ta nh thp tng, vic s dng cu thang b l bt buc, ch
c mt thang my duy nht dnh cho ngi khuyt tt. hn ch vic s dng xe
hi khi khng cn thit, nn thnh lp mt s khu vc cm xe quanh trng
hc. Nu tr em tr nn quen thuc vi thi quen i b ti trng hng ngy, theo
cc bc cha m c trch nhim s buc phi i cng con mnh. V vy c gia
nh s dn quen vi cc bi tp i b thng xuyn. Mt bin php khc l
nng cp cc va h v thnh lp nhiu khu vc dnh ring cho ngi i b trong
trung tm thnh ph. Nhng con ng ny vi nhiu cy ci xung quanh c th
hn ch c nc ma v nh nng cho ngi i b.
Tm li, chng ta c th tm ra mt s nguyn nhn ti sao mi ngi ngy cng t
i b hn, v mt s phng n gii quyt n gin nn c p dng khuyn
khch mi ngi i b thng xuyn hn.
VOCABULARY
lost the habit: [expression] [nh mt thi quen] stopped some activity/
behaviour that you used to do often.

Page 195
Example: When he moved to the city, he lost the habit of walking in the
countryside regularly.
take up (something): [phrasal verb] [bt u lm g ] start to do
something.
Example: They decided to take up jogging in order to keep fit.
laziness: [noun] [s li bing] the quality of not wanting to be active.
Example: It is only 20 minutes walk to the centre its just lazinessto go by car.
drop off: [phrasal verb] [a ai /ci g ti u ] quickly leave someone or
something at a place.
Example: I will pass your house this morning and drop off the wallet that you left
at my house.
pick up: [phrasal verb] [n] go somewhere in your car and collect
someone who is waiting for you.
Example: I pick up my daughter from school at noon every day.
understandable: [adjective] [c th hiu c] normal and reasonable in
that situation.
Example: After his recent illness, it is understandable that he is still very weak.
low-rise: [adjective] [thp tng] a low building, with not many floors.
Example: She lives in a low-rise block of flats, so there are stairs but no lift.
obligatory: [adjective] [bt buc] that you must do because of the rules or
the law.
Example: To enter the club, it is obligatory to wear smart clothes, which means
that jeans and trainers are not allowed.
no-stopping zones: [noun] [khu vc cm dng ] areas in which it is not
permitted to stop your car or other vehicle.
Example: There are no-stopping zones near all the local hospitals, so that
ambulances can enter and leave the hospital quickly and easily.

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5. (27/06/2015)People today do not feel safe either at home or when they
are out. What are the causes? What are the solutions?
Essay plan:
Introduction: repeat the idea that people feel unsafe at home and outside. 2
important causes can be identified, but solutions can be adopted.
Paragraph 2: Cause 1: widening gap between rich and poor increase in crime:
Vietnam example burglary and robbery. Cause 2: increasing dangers on roads
increase in traffic example: children cant play in the streets.
Paragraph 3: Solution 1: tackle poverty provide job training help people into
employment. Solution 2: more surveillance cameras to help police enforce safety
on public transport and on roads speed limits, stop careless driving.
Conclusion: repeat ideas in introduction, using some different words.
ANSWER
It is true that many people think that they are no longer safe either in their own
houses or when they are in the street or other public places. Some causes for this
feeling can be identified, but I believe that some solutions could help to allay those
fears.
The perception that society is unsafe and that people are at risk even at home stems
from at least two important causes. Firstly, the widening gap between the rich and
the poor is one of the factors behind the rising crime rate in many countries. In
Vietnam, for example, burglary and robbery have become increasingly common,
because some criminals turn to crime simply as a way to survive. Secondly,
everyone who uses the roads is aware of the dangers resulting from the dramatic
increase in traffic. In the past, parents allowed their children to play freely in the
street, but this is unthinkable nowadays.

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Some simple measures should be implemented to deal with these root causes of
insecurity. It is necessary to provide more job training programs to help people
out of poverty and into employment. With increasing prosperity and opportunities,
the need to steal from others would be reduced and everyone would feel safer. In
terms of greater security on the roads, more surveillance cameras should be
installed. These could be placed on trains and buses and also sited along major
roads, which would help to ensure that motorists obeyed speed limits and drive
safely. The public would feel much safer knowing that such cameras were in
place.
In conclusion, the problem of poverty as a cause of burglary and robbery and the
problem of road safety can be tackled by effective measures, giving people a
greater sense of security.
Dch i :
cng bi vit:
M bi: nhc li kin cho rng ngy nay mi ngi thng cm thy t an ton
c nh v khi ra ngoi. Xc nh r hai nguyn nhn quan trng ca vn , v
cc cch gii quyt c th c thc hin.
on vn 2: Nguyn nhn 1: khong cch ln gia ngi giu v ngi ngho
gia tng t l ti phm: v d Vietnam trm cp v cp git. Nguyn nhn 2:
gia tng cc him ha ng ph - giao thng ng c hn v d: tr em khng
th chi a trn ph
on vn 3: Phng n 1: xa ngho i cung cp cc kha o to ngh - gip
ngi dn c cng n vic lm. Phng n 2: tng cng camera theo di gip
cnh st m bo an ton trn ng ph v cc phng tin giao thng cng cng
bo m tc cho php, hn ch vic li xe u

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P N
Ngy nay nhiu ngi cho rng h khng c an ton ngay c khi nh ring
hoc khi ra ngoi ph hay cc ni cng cng. Mt s nguyn nhn cho vn c
th c lm r, tuy nhin ti cng tin rng mt s gii php c th c thc hin
lm gim bt ni s hi ny.
Quan im x hi ang tr nn mt an ninh v mi ngi lun c th gp nguy
him ngay c khi nh bt ngun t t nht 2 nguyn nhn quan trng. u tin,
khong cch giu ngho ln l mt trong nhng nhn t gp phn gia tng t l
phm ti trong nhiu quc gia. V d Vietnam, trm cp v cp git tr nn
rt ph bin, bi nhng ngi phm ti ny coi y l mt ngh kim sng. Th
hai, ngi dn khi ra ng lun nhn thc c nhng him ha xung quanh do
giao thng qu ng c. Ngy trc cc bc cha m c th cho php con mnh t
chi a trn ph, nhng iu ny l khng th tng tng c vi tnh hnh
hin nay.
Mt s phng n gii quyt vn nn mt an ninh cn c thc hin t nhng
nguyn nhn gc r. Vic cung cp cc kha o to ngh cho ngi dn s gip
cho h c cng n vic lm v thot khi i ngho. Cng vi s gia tng v ca
ci v c hi, nhu cu cn phi cp git hay trm cp ca ngi khc sinh
sng s gim xung v mi ngi s cm thy an ton hn. V vn an ninh trt
t trn ng ph, cc camera theo di cn c lp t nhiu hn. Cc camera
ny c th c t trong tu in, trn xe bus hoc ti cc tuyn ph chnh, iu
ny s gip nhng ngi tham gia giao thng tun th ng tc cho php v
iu khin phng tin an ton hn. Ngi dn s cm thy an tm hn khi bit
ang c cc camera theo di xung quanh.
Tm li, vn ngho i nguyn nhn ca nn trm cp v cp git v vn
an ninh ng ph c th c gii quyt bng mt s phng n hiu qu, gip
cho ngi dn cm thy an ton hn.

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VOCABULARY
allay those fears: [verb] [gim bt ni s hi] make those fears less strong.
Example: The public are concerned about increasing violence on public transport.
We must allay those fears by having cameras on trains and buses.
stems from: [phrasal verb] [bt ngun t] result from.
Example: My fear of dogs stems from the time when I was a child and I was
bitten by a neighbours dog.
burglary: [noun] [trm cp] the crime of illegaly entering a building and
stealing things from it [robbery is the crime of stealing things from a shop/a
person/a bank, usually using violence]
Example: The police arrested the man for burglary after he broke a window,
entered a house and left carrying a TV and laptop.
unthinkable: [adjective] [khng th tng tng c] impossible to
imagine or accept.
Example: It is unthinkable that Britain or France could again become colonial
powers.
insecurity: [noun] [mt an ninh] the state of not being safe or protected.
Example: Measures to deal with the insecurity of the building including building
a high wall and installing surveillance cameras.
surveillance cameras: [noun] [camera theo di, gim st] cameras which
record actions at a place where a crime may be committed.
Example: Outside the bank, the security company installed surveillance
camerasto deter any potential robbers.
sited: [verb] [c t ti...] placed something in a certain position.
Example: The castle is sited on a hill near the river, originally to protect the town
against enemies.

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6. (30/07/2016) The gap between the rich and the poor is increasingly wide,
as rich people become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems
could this situation cause? What are the solutions to address those problems?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: agree with the statement the gap between rich and poor is
becoming wider. This results in growing social tensions and rising crime, and
solutions should be implemented.
Paragraph 2: Problem 1: increasing poverty may result in reduced economic
growth and rising levels of crime Problem 2: without a means of obtaining
money through work, the poor may turn to crime, including drug trafficking,
robbery and violence.
Paragraph 3: [1] governments should invest in education, providing scholarships
and modern, well-equipped schools in poor areas. [2] widen education in trades
and in rural skills technical colleges giving the agronomists, mechanics,
builders of the future skills they need to have a good standard of living.
Conclusion: education is key to reducing the gap between rich and poor and it
should therefore be a priority for government spending.
ANSWER
It is true that the gap between the rich and poor is growing wider in many regions
of the world. While the problems that result are complex, fundamental solutions
based on expanding education should be adopted to tackle this problem.
Increasing levels of poverty and rising wealth inequalities impact on the economic
growth of a country and the security of its citizens. In economic terms, the
existence of a large mass of unemployed or low-paid workers directly affects
domestic businesses, such as local shops and factories. As nobody has money to
buy their products, they are themselves forced to close, creating further

Page 201
unemployment. In terms of public security, without the means of obtaining money
through work, the poor may turn to crimes such as drug trafficking, prostitution,
robbery and violent attacks on others. Youth unemployment has, in particular,
been linked with rising crime rates.
Governments must, therefore, expand educational opportunities to benefit all their

citizens, in order to reduce the gap between rich and poor. The provision of a
better standard of schooling in slum areas of cities and in poor rural regions would
enable children to reach a higher level of educational attainment. Grants and
scholarships could be used to help students to remain in education for longer and
gain qualifications. In particular, technical education could be expanded, helping
poorer children to learn trades. In construction, engineering, and agriculture, a
highly-educated workforce will be needed in the future, and skilled workers will be
able to command high salaries and enjoy a decent standard of living. As work
opportunities improve, crime rates will fall.
Thus, dealing with the problem at its roots, by expanding educational

opportunities, the authorities would be able to reduce the gap between the wealthy
and poor sectors of society.
293 words.
Dch i
cng bi vit
M bi: ng vi bi - khong cch gia ngi giu v ngi ngho ang
ngy cng ln. iu ny dn n nhng cng thng trong x hi v ti phm tng
cao, cc bin php nn c thc hin

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on 2: vn 1 - t l ngho tng cao c th dn n s pht trin kinh t tr tr v
t l ti phm tng cao,
vn 2 - khng c cng vic, nhng ngi ngho c th tm n cc ti c, bao
gm bun lu ma tu, cp bc v bo hnh.
on 3: [1] cc chnh ph cn u t vo gio dc, cung cp cc hc bng v cc
ngi trng hin i, c trang b tt cc vng ngho, [2] m rng gio dc v
giao thng v k nng nng thn - cung cp cho th my v cng nhn xy dng
nhng k nng cho tng lai cn thit c iu kin sng tt
Kt bi: gio dc l cha kho cho vic rt ngn khong cch gia ngi giu v
ngi ngho v v vy, nn l mt trong nhng u tin trong vic chi tiu ca
chnh ph
P N
S tht l, khang cch gia ngi giu v ngi ngho ang ngy cng ln
nhiu vng trn th gii. D nhng vn lin quan v cng phc tp, nhng bin
php c bn cho vic m rng gio dc nn c p dng x l vn ny.
T l ngho ang tng cng vi s bt bnh ng v kinh t nh hng n s pht
trin kinh t ca mt t nc v s an ton ca cc cng dn nc . V mt
kinh t, s tn ti ca phn ng cc cng nhn tht vic hoc c tr lng thp
nh hng trc tip n vic kinh doanh trong nc nh cc ca hng hay nh my
a phng. Do khng ai c tin mua cc sn phm ca h, h bt buc phi
ng ca, y t l tht nghip ngy cng cao. V mt an ninh cng cng, khng c
vic lm, nhng ngi ngho c th tm m nhng ti c nh bun lu ma tu,
mi dm, cp bc hay tn cng bo lc. c bit, tht nghip trong gii tr i
cng vi t l ti phm dng cao.
Cc chnh ph, v vy, cn phi m rng cc c hi vic lm mang li li ch
cho tt c cng dn nhm rt ngn khong cch giu ngho. S cung cp h thng
trng hc cht lng tt hn cc khu chut trong thnh ph v cc khu vc
ngho s gip tr em t c kt qu hc tp tt hn. Tr cp v hc bng c th

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c dng gip hc sinh i hc lu hn v t nhiu bng cp hn. t bit,
gio dc v k thut nn c m rng, gip nhng hc sinh ngho hiu bit v
giao thng. Trong xy dng, k s v nng nghip, mt lc lng lao ng dn tr
cao l iu cn thit cho tng lai, cng cc cng nhn tay ngh cao c th yu
cu mc lng cao hn v tn hng iu kin sng tt hn. Khi c hi vic lm
tng, t l ti phm s gim.
V vy, x l vn t ci gc ca n bng cch m rng gio dc, cc chnh
quyn c th rt ngn khong cch gia nhng giai cp giu v ngho trong x hi.
VOCABULARY
inequalities: (s bt bnh ng) [noun] unfair differences in wealth.
Example: There are economic inequalities between different regions of the
country.
impact on: (nh hng n)[verb] have an effect on somebody/something.
Example: The economic crisis impacted severely on the company.
mass: (phn ln,phn ng) [noun] a large number or quantity of something
Example: A mass of students took part in the demonstration.
force: (bt buc, bt p) [verb] make somebody do something that they do
not want to do.
Example: I was forced to take the exam again, because I failed last month.
turn to: (tm n)[phrasal verb] to go in a new direction for help or to
improve your situation.
Example: She turned to teaching after working in a company for many years.
drug trafficking: (bun lu ma tu) [noun] buying and selling drugs
illegally.
Example: The police arrested the man for drug trafficking.
prostitution: (mi dm) [noun] the act of providing sex in return for money.
Example: In poor districts of cities, prostitution is a common crime.

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enviable: (ng nghen t) [adjective] something that is good and that other
people also want to have.
Example: He is in the enviable position of having two jobs to choose from.
slum: (khu chut) [noun] an area of a city that is very poor and the houses
are in bad condition.
Example: The city authorities have a plan to rehouse people living in the slum
areas.
attainment: (thnh qu) [noun] something that you have achieved.
Example: He was offered the job because his educational attainments were very
impressive.
command: (yu cu) [verb] to deserve and obtain something because of the
special qualities that you have.
Example: The best lawyers can expect to command a very high salary.
decent: (tt) [adjective] of a good enough standard or quality.
Example: A decent standard of living includes having a decent job and a decent
place to live.

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2 PART QUESTION
M bi
+ Gii thiu topic (paraphrase li cu ca bi)
+ Tr li c 2 cu hi nu ra bi. Ch cn tr li chung chung khng cn nu
chi tit, c th
Thn bi 1: Tr li chi tit cu hi 1
Thn bi 2: Tr li chi tit cu hi 2
Conclusion
Nhc li nu ra cu 2 phn m bi

Page 206
1. (07/02/2015) Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by
tourists but not local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to
attract more local people to visit these places?
ANSWER:
It is true that tourists from many parts of the world pay more visits to museums
and historical places than local inhabitants. There are many reasons for this, but
this situation should be addressed by attractinglocals in some practical ways.
There are two main reasons why museums and historical sites are preferred more
by tourists than by local residents. One reason is that museums are too familiar to
the locals. If museums do not change anything, there will be nothing new for the
locals to discover. Like eating the same dish every single day, they feel bored with
visiting the same places. Furthermore, entrance tickets at some historical sites are
expensive for the local inhabitants to afford. For example, in Dien Bien, a province
in northwestern Vietnam, it is rather hard for the residents to make ends meet,
let alone to spend money on visiting some famous historical attractions there.
The government should take some measures/steps to tackle this issue effectively.
Firstly, museums ought to be invested in more by the authorities to refresh the
exhibits . The fresher the exhibitions are, the more local residents will be
interested in them. Secondly, historical relics need to be free for all the local
people. Without worrying about additional expenditures, residents will pay more
to visit historical sites in order to broaden their knowledge about their home
towns.
In conclusion, there are some known reasons for this trend. However, something
should be done by the authorities to attract more visitors from the local areas.

Page 207
252 words
COMMENT
We could consider it a 2-question essay or a problem-solution essay. In practical terms, it
makes no difference. You did the correct thing you used one paragraph to answer each
question.
You put forward two clear and strong reasons why more locals do not visit museums and
historical sites. You explained both of these and used a great example [Dien Bien]. In
paragraph 3, you suggested solutions for both of these problems in turn. I cannot think of any
better or clearer arguments than those which you used, Bach.This was the other part of your
essay. The techniques that you used showed that you had planned and organised your answer
carefully.
Again, there is nothing that I would change: the paragraph structure [as we have already
noted] is logical and the topic sentences indicate perfectly the main idea in each paragraph.
Your arguments aresignposted clearly for the examiner: you used One reason/Furthermore in
paragraph 2 and Firstly/Secondly in paragraph 3.
As you developed your explanations, the sentences linked perfectly with each other, using varied
sentence structures and natural, fluent language.
Dch i
(07/02/2015) Nhiu bo tng cng nh cc di tch lch s hu ht c khch
du lch tham quan ch khng phi ngi dn a phng. L do ti sao v
chng ta c th lm g thu ht thm nhiu ngi dn n tham quan nhng
a im ni trn?
P N:
Thc t cho thy du khch t khp ni trn th gii n thm cc di tch lch s
cng nh vin bo tng nhiu hn so vi c dn bn a. D y l h qu t nhiu
nguyn nhn, tnh trng ny c th c ci thin bng vic thu ht ngi dn nh
cc hnh ng thit thc.
C hai l do chnh khin cho vin bo tng cng nh cc di tch lch s c
khch du lch u i hn l ngi dn a phng. L do u tin l vin bo

Page 208
tng qu quen thuc i vi ngi dn. Nu cc vin bo tng khng c s i
mi, ngi dn s khng thy c nhng iu mi l khm ph. Ging nh
vic n i n li mt mn mi ngy, h cm thy chn nn khi tham quan i tham
quan li nhng a im khng c g thay i. Hn th na, v vo ca ti cc khu
di tch lch s kh t so vi kh nng chi tr ca ngi dn a phng. V d nh
in Bin, mt tnh vng Ty Bc Vit Nam, ngi dn kim n kh, ni
g n vic ch dnh tin cho vic tham quan cc di tch lch s ni y.
Cc cp chnh quyn nn c nhng bin php gii quyt vn ny mt cch
hiu qu. Th nht, cc vin bo tng cn c u t nhiu hn bi cc nh chc
trch cp nht thm cc hin vt trng by. Vin bo tng cng i mi th cng
nhiu ngi dn quan tm hng th n n. Th hai, cc di tch lch s cn c
m ca min ph cho dn. Khng phi lo lng v chi ph, ngi dn s tham quan
thm nhiu di tch lch s hn na m rng hiu bit v chnh qu hng h.
Tm li, c rt nhiu l do r rng dn n xu th ny. Tuy nhin, cc nh chc
trch cn lm mt s vic thu ht thm nhiu du khch hn na.
VOCABULARY
pay more visits(tham quan nhiu hn):to pay a visit just means to go to
some place, to make a visit, to visit
Example: They have been paying more visits to museums ever since they decided
to learn more about art.
historical places(di tch lch s):places that have historical value due to
some important events in the past
Example: On their trip to Cambodia, they visited a variety of historical places,
including Angkor Wat.
local inhabitants(dn a phng):the people who live in the town
Example: The local inhabitants do not enjoy having so many tourists in their town.

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practical ways(bin php thit thc):a way of doing something that has
practice value, that is rational or logical
Example: The book I read talked about many practical ways to lose weight. I am
going to try some of them.
rather hard(tng i kh khn):quite difficult, used express that
something is indeed hard
Example: I find it rather hard to study more than four hours per day.
make ends meet(kim n kim sng):to make enough money to pay all the
bills
Example: He has been having a hard time making ends meet over the last few
months.
take some measures/steps(c cc bin php):to do something to address an
issue, like to create a rule, a law or a regulation
Example: The government needs to take some measures to reduce air pollution in
the city.
refresh the exhibits(cp nht cc hin vt):bring in new works of art or
other to show to the public
Example: The museum curator likes to refresh the exhibits every two months.
additional expenditures(cc chi ph ph thm):expenses that are in
addition to other basic expenses
Example: The additional expenditures will total $10,000 by the end of the project.
broaden their knowledge about(m rng hiu bit):to learn more about
something
Example: The students will broaden their knowledge about other cultures by
traveling to other countries.
known reasons(l do quen thuc):reasons that people already know about,
that they are familiar with

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Example: There are many known reasons for the lack of interest in electoral
politics, like the fact that only rich people can run for president.
attract more visitors(thu ht thm nhiu khch du lch):to get more
people to come to visit
Example: One of the goals of the museum this year is to attract more visitors from
neighboring towns and villages.
2. (21/05/2015) Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children

later in their life. What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and
family life?
ANSWER:
In recent years, the decision of parents to start a family later in life has become
an increasingly popular trend. There are a number of reasons for this trend,
which is having a significant impact on both family life and on the community
as a whole.
There are two important reasons why more people nowadays are deciding against
having children when they are young. Firstly, rather than embarking on
parenthood, many individuals consider that building their own successful careers
is top-priority. If they had to split their time between working and bringing up
their offspring when they were in the early stages of their careers, their
performance at work and promotion prospects could be negatively affected.
Secondly, delaying childbirth could give young people countless opportunities
to enjoy their lives. For example, this choice may let young couples have a richer
social life, pursue their interests and hobbies or even to travel the world.

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However, this tendency could have negative consequences in terms of both
family life and society. An important concern for a family is that raising children
could be a huge challenge for older parents. Even though they might have a high
socioeconomic status, as well as great experience and knowledge, it may not be
easy for them to communicate with and relate to their children, due to the
generation gap. Another negativefactor is that getting pregnant after 35 years of
age oftentimes carries more potential health risks. Specifically, this could
increase the danger of having a miscarriage or stillbirth for older mothers, and
babies might be at greater risk of having Downs syndrome. Consequently, this
could negatively affect the quality of the future workforce.
In conclusion, there are a number of reasons why more and more people prefer
giving birth later in life. As a result, there could be negative influences on
individual families and the society at large.
312 words
COMMENT
This is an excellent essay with a lot of strong points. I have never seen this topic before. It is a
very interesting one. I hope that you dont mind if I e-mail Simon with this topic question [not
your essay, of course]. Let me know.
In paragraph 2, you suggested two very relevant reasons for this trend. You explained both of
them fully and you supported your second point with an example. In paragraph 3, you focused
exclusively on negative impacts. You argued both point convincingly and at length, again giving
real-life examples to support your ideas.
The topic sentences were ideal. You identified your arguments perfectly in paragraph 2. In
paragraph 3, you referred first to the first impact. I think that the identification of your second
argument will be clearer if you write: Another impact is.... This would be more effective than
Furthermore, ....
As your sentences were also linked very smoothly, my score for task response is 9 and for
coherence/cohesion my score is 9.

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VOCABULARY
to start a family later in life (lp gia nh mun):to begin a family later
rather than earlier; in the past couples used to start their families at younger ages,
like 22, 23 or 24; nowadays they are having babies, which is how you start a
family, in their late 20s or even 30s and 40s; They decided to start a family later
in life, preferring to work on their careers during their 20s and early 30s. They
finally had their first baby when they were both 38 years old.
increasingly popular trend (xu hng ph bin ngy cng gia
tng):increasingly means more and more so, as in something is happening more
often, popular means that a lot of people are doing it; and a trend is something that
a lot of people do at once, like a fad or a style; in this case it means that something
is being done by more and more people at this time; Taking a gap year before
going to university is an increasingly popular trend among young people.
having a significant impact on (c nh hng su sc/ln ti): significant
means to be important or notable; to have an impact on means to affect something
in some way, either positively or negatively; This heat is having a significant
impact on our ability to work outside. Its just too hot!
community as a whole (cng ng chung): a community is a group of
people, can refer to a small or large group of people, like a neighborhood, school
or church community or as a large group of people, like a city, a culture, a nation
of people; The mayor wants to work with the community as a whole, rather than
with just a few special interest groups here and there.
deciding against (quyt nh khng): to decide means to make a decision
or a choice about something; against means to make a decision not in favor of
something; They are deciding against going to Europe this summer. Instead, they
are going to stay home and take summer school classes.
embarking on parenthood (bt u tr thnh bc cha m): to embark on
something means to start something; in this case it means to become a parent;

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parenthood is what you call the role of being a parent; you are always a parent
once you have children, but this refers to the time you spend raising them;
childhood is they time period when you were a child; They will be embarking on
parenthood this summer, when their new baby is born.
top-priority (u tin s 1): top means the highest point and priority means
something that you want to do more than other things, so top-priority means the
thing you want to do the most, above everything else; They think that making
money is the top-priority in their lives right now.
tosplit their time between (chia s thi gian cho): to split means to
break into parts; in this case it means to spend some of your time doing one thing
and some of your time doing another thing, splitting your time into parts; They
split their time between New York and Los Angeles.
bringing up their offspring (nui nng/chm sc con ci): to bring up
means to raise; this is what you do as a parent with your children; you educate
them, nurture them, etc.; offspring refers to your children; They are bringing up
their offspring in a very strict household.
huge challeng (thch thc ln): huge means large or giant in this case; the
challenge is very big; its difficult or tough; Raising children and working is a
huge challenge that not everyone wants to undertake.
high socioeconomic status (tnh trng ti chnh tt, vng chc): your
socioeconomic status refers to how much money you have and therefore your
status or place in society; if its high, it means you have a lot of money: Even
though they have a high socioeconomic status, they really arent that smart.
generation gap (khong cch th h): the experience of not understanding
your parents or grandparents and them not understanding you due to being raised
during different time periods, in a different cultural setting; They were able to
bridge the generation gap by watching old and new movies together and discussing
them.

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negativefactor (nhn t tiu cc): negative meaning not good; factor is
something that affects something else; a negative factor is like something that you
have to consider because it might not be good; The one negative factor about this
job is that I have to get up so early.
oftentimes carries more potential health risks (lun mang ti nhng ri
ro sc khe tim n): oftentimes just means often or many times; to carry more
potential risk means that it is possible to have health problems because of
something; in this case, it is possible that a woman can suffer a health problem if
she has a baby later in life, like after 35; Undergoing certain procedures
oftentimes carries more potential health risks than doing nothing.
Specifically (c bit): used when you want to provide something specific,
certain details about something or you want to say something very clearly; She
specifically said she did not want to work full time, just part time.
having a miscarriag (sy thai): this is what happens when a woman does
not carry the fetus to full term (a baby), it usually happens early on in the
pregnancy; She isnt worried about having a miscarriage.
Downs syndrome (Hi chng Down): a genetic chromosome 21 disorder
causing developmental and intellectual delays; Even though their child has
Downs syndrome, they are so happy to be parents and they love her very much.
Consequently (V vy, do ): used to say something that happens because
of something else; something is a consequence or result of something else; She
didnt study for her test; consequently, she failed.
future workforce (lc lng lao ng tng lai): refers to the fact that
young people will be workers in the future; The future workforce will face new
challenges never experienced before.
negative influences on individual families (nh hng tiu cc ti cc t
bo gia nh): negative meaning bad; influences meaning effects; on individual
families refers to each nuclear family - a couple and their children, rather than

Page 215
families in general; Based on the research, the negative influences on individual
families could be lessened with more support from the government.
the society at large (ton x hi): people in general; the community as a
whole; Violating human rights doesnt just affect individuals, it affects the society
at large.
3. (01/08/2015: The world natural resources are beingconsumed at an

ever-increased rate. What are the dangers of this situation? What should we
do?
Essay plan:
Introduction: agree with the statement; agree that actions must be taken.
Paragraph 2: answer the 1st question: Danger 1: increasing dependence on fossil
fuels environmental impacts oil extraction {example} and coal for energy
{example}. Danger 2: scarcity of some natural resources timber and seafood
social impacts on jobs and communities {example}
Paragraph 3: answer the 2nd question: Solution 1: encourage use of alternative
energy sources and government investment in renewables. Solution 2: laws to
regulate exploitation of natural resources ensure sustainable production, save
local jobs and communities.
Conclusion: re-state the introduction,using some different words.
ANSWER
It is true that the world is experiencing the problem of the overconsumption of
natural resources. This has resulted in serious consequences which should be
addressed urgently.

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This unsustainable growth in the exploitation of natural resources has already had
some damaging impacts, both on the environment and on communities. In
environmental terms, contamination of land, air and water has reached alarming
levels owing to dependence on fossil fuels to meet growing energy demands. For
instance,coal is the main source of energy in China and Australia. The burning of
coal and oil result in air pollution and global warming, through the release of
greenhouse gases. In social terms, forest destruction results in a shortage of
timber and commercial over-fishing devastates fish stocks. These environmental
problems then impact on local communities and fishing villages like Napflio in
Greece, for example, threatening jobs and traditional ways of life.
It is evident, therefore, that some immediate measures should be taken by

governments to tackle such problems. Firstly, citizens must be encouraged to use
renewable energy sources. In particular, governments need to increase
investment in alternativesources including solar power and wind power to make
them viable for public use in years to come. Secondly, governments should
impose and enforce laws to protect and conserve natural resources. In this way,
sustainable levels of the use of natural resources can be determined and those who
exceed these limits or break these rules can be severely punished. Traditional
fishing communities will be safeguarded and the timber industry can be
controlled, so that there will always be a supply of wood for building houses in the
future.
In conclusion, the overconsumption of natural resources worldwide is already

having major impacts and immediate measures are called for in order to mitigate
the consequences.
DCH I :

Page 217
01/08/2015: Ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ang c s dng mt mc gia
tng cha tng c. Nhng nguy c ca vn ny l g? Chng ta nn lm g
khc phc?
cng bi vit:
M bi: ng vi nhn nh trn, ng rng phi c mt s k hoch hnh
ng
on vn 2: tr li cho cu hi u tin: Nguy c 1: gia tng s ph thuc vo cc
ngun nhin liu nh hng ti mi trng khai thc du (v d) v than chy
nng lng (v d). Nguy c 2: s qu him ca mt s ngun nguyn liu t
nhin g v thy hi sn - nh hng ti x hi, v cng vic v cng ng (v
d)
on vn 3: tr li cu hi th 2: Phng n 1: khuyn khch s dng nhng
ngun nng lng thay th v chnh ph nn u t vo ngnh ti ch. Phng
n 2: ra nhng lut l quy nh vic khai thc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin
m bo duy tr sn xut, to cng n vic lm ti a phng v cho cng ng
P N

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Hin nay th gii ang phi i mt vi vn qu ti tiu th cc ngun nguyn
liu t nhin. iu ny dn ti nhng h qu nghim trng cn c gii quyt
nhanh chng.
S tng trng khng u trong vic khai thc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin gy
ra mt s nh hng nguy hi ti c mi trng v cng ng. i vi mi trng,
s nhim t ai, khng kh v ngun nc t ti mc ng bo ng do ph
thuc vo cc ngun nhin liu cn p ng nhu cu v nng lng. V d, than
l ngun nng lng chnh Trung Quc v c. Vic t than v du gy ra
nhim khng kh v s nng ln ton cu, thng qua s thot hi ca kh nh knh.
i vi x hi, vic cht ph rng gy ra vic thiu ht ti nguyn g v vic
nh bt c qu mc cho php nhm phc v thng mi ph hy ngun ti
nguyn ny. Nhng vn mi trng ny tip s nh hng ti cng ng
chung ti a phng v nhng lng chi nh Napflio Hy Lp, e da ti cng n
vic lm v nhng phong tc truyn thng hng ngy.
Do , hin nhin l chnh ph cn phi thc hin mt s bin php khn cp nhm
gii quyt nhng vn ny. u tin, ngi dn cn c khuyn khch s dng
nhng ngun nng lng ti ch. c bit l chnh ph cn tng cng u t vo
nhng ngun nng lng thay th bao gm nng lng mt tri v nng lng gi
nhm a vo s dng cng cng trong mt vi nm ti. Th hai, chnh ph nn
ra v m bo thi hnh mt s lut l bo v v duy tr ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin. Vi bin php ny, cc mc duy tr vic khai thc ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin s c t ra c th v nhng ai vt qu hoc khng tun th s b pht
nghim khc. Nhng lng chi truyn thng s c bo v v ngnh cng nghip
khai thc g s c kim sot, theo s vn lun c mt lng cung v g va
m bo cho vic xy dng nh ca trong tng lai.
Tm li, vn qu ti trong vic khai thc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin trn ton
th gii ang c mt s nh hng tiu cc ln v cc bin php hn ch hu
qu cn c t ra kp thi.

Page 219
VOCABULARY:
overconsumption: [noun] [s dng qu ti, tiu th qu ti] the act of using
too much energy, food or materials.
Example: Rising prices are the result of the overconsumption of resources,
because the supply is no longer enough to meet the demand.
unsustainable: [adjective] [khng ng u] that cannot be continued at the
same rate or level.
Example: The quantity of fish in the sea is declining, so present levels of fishing
are unsustainable.
exploitation: [noun] [s khai thc] the use of land, oil or other natural
resources.
Example: Commercial exploitation of the mineral resources of Antarctica is likely
to happen in this century.
contamination: [noun] [s nhim] the process of making a place dirty by
adding a substance that is dangerous.
Example: Environmental contamination such as air pollution is a major health
problem.
global warming: [noun] [s nng ln ton cu] the increase in temperature
of the atmosphere of the earth.
Example: The ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is slowly disappearing as a result of
global warming.
greenhouse gases: [noun] [kh nh knh] gases that cause the temperature of
the earth to rise when they are released into the air.
Example: One of the most important greenhouses gases is carbon dioxide, which
is released when fossil fuels are burned.
over-fishing: [noun] [nh bt c qu mc cho php] catching too many
fish, leaving not enough in the sea for the numbers to increase quickly.

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Example: As a result of over-fishing, the government banned all boats from
fishing in this area, until the number of fish in the sea here recover.
devastates: [verb] [ph hy, hy hoi] to completely destroy.
Example: The earthquake devastated the city and thousands of people were made
homeless.
fish stocks: [noun] [ngun ti nguyn c] the supply of fish available in a
particular area of the sea.
Example: Fish stocks will not recover quickly, so the government has banned all
fishing in the area for 10 years.
renewable energy: [noun] [nng lng ti ch] energy that is controlled
carefully or replaced naturally, so that there is no risk that it will completely finish.
Example: An increase in the use of renewable energy is necessary to meet our
future energy needs.
impose and enforce: [verbs] [ ra v m bo thi hnh] introduce new
laws and make sure that people obey them.
Example: To reduce the number of road accidents, the government will impose
andenforce new laws to punish drinking and driving.
safeguarded: [verb] [bo v] to protect something or somebody from harm
or loss.
Example: If fish stocks are safeguarded, traditional fishing villages will be able
to survive as working communities.
called for: [phrasal verb] [cn hoc yu cu] needed or required.
Example: The emergency at the airport called for immediate action by the fire
service.
mitigate: [verb] [gim thiu] make something less harmful or serious.
Example: To mitigate the problem of homelessness, the government is building
more places for poor people to stay.

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4. (05/03/2016): In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well
as family roles. What are the changes which have occurred? Do you think
these changes are positive or negative?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: Changes have taken place in family roles and structures. It is a
positive development.
Paragraph 1: [1] family roles: women working, husbands help more at home [2]
family structures: people getting a career first and marrying later example: the
UK [Vietnam?]
Paragraph 2: positive: [1] children learn to become more independent at an
earlier age [2] smaller families = parents can afford to invest more in their
childrens education and health.
Conclusion: Changes have been dramatic, but they have been positive on the
whole.
ANSWER
It is true that modern life has brought about a number of significant changes in
terms of the family structure and the roles of family members. There are some
important changes that have taken place, and in my opinion these have been
largely positive
Some traditional family roles and structures have now become a thing of the past.
Perhaps the most important revolution has been the increasing trend for women to
pursue careers, even when they are married. As a result, in many households,
husbands now help their wives to do the chores which were once considered
womens work. The tendency to pursue a career has also had another effect, as
couples put their studies and work first before marriage and before having children.

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Previous generations in Vietnam, for example, would have considered such
arrangements as unusual, especially in the case of women.
I consider such developments as positive, despite the objections raised by

traditionalists. Firstly, in the modern nuclear family, children learn to become
independent at an earlier age. Kindergartens and nursery schools offer places for
children to play and learn to socialise, enabling working parents to earn enough
money for the family to enjoy a high standard of living. Secondly, parents of small
families with a double income can invest more in the education and well-being of
their children. Consequently, the life chances and choices of those children will
be improved if there is enough money to finance later university studies, and gain
essential qualifications to make their way in the modern world of work.
In conclusion, while it may be fashionable to mourn the loss of the traditional

family, it is more realistic to welcome the changes that have taken place as
positive, to meet the challenges of the modern world.
290 words
Dch i
Thc t l cuc sng hin i v ang mang n nhng s thay i ln v cu
trc gia nh v vai tr ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh. C mt vi s thay i r
rt ang xut hin, v theo quan im c nhn ca ti, chng l nhng thay i rt
tch cc.
Mt s kt cu v vai tr ca cc gia nh truyn thng ngy nay v ang tr
nn li thi. Vic ph n theo ui s nghip, thm ch khi m h kt hn c
th ang ngy cng tr thnh mt xu hng ni bt nht. Kt qu l, vi nhiu
cng vic ni tr, nhng ngi chng ngy nay bit gip v ca mnh lm
mt vi vic nh, iu m t xa n gi thng ch c coi nh l trch nhim

Page 223
ca ngi ph n. Xu hng theo ui con ng s nghip ny cng c mt s
nh hng khc na, nh vic cc cp i thng ch trng n vic hc tp v
lm vic ca h trc khi lp gia nh v sinh con. V d, cc th h trc Vit
Nam, thng cho rng nhng cch sp xp l khc thng, c bit l trong
hon cnh ca ngi ph n.
Ti ngh rng nhng s pht trin l tch cc, mc d c nhng kin phn
i c a ra t nhng ngi theo ch ngha truyn thng. Trc ht, trong
nhng gia nh ch c hai th h cha m v con ci, tr em phi hc cch t lp t
khi cn rt nh. Cc trng mu gio v nh tr thng to ra nhng khng gian
cho tr em c vui chi v hc tp ha nhp vi x hi, gip cho nhng bc
ph huynh c th yn tm lm vic kim thm thu thp cho gia nh nhm tha
mn nhu cu cuc sng tt p hn. Hn na, cha m ca nhng gia nh t th h
vi hai ngun thu nhp c th u t thm vo vic gio dc v chm sc cho con
ci ca mnh. Do , nhng c hi v s la chn trong cuc sng ca nhng a
tr s nhiu hn nu nh c s trang b y v mt ti chnh chu cp cho
vic hc i hc sau ny, v t c nhng bng cp cn thit gip ch cho con
ng s nghip ca h trong mt mi trng lm vic tn tin nh hin nay.
Tm li, khi m x hi ang c xu hng nui tic s mt i ca cc gia nh
truyn thng, s thc t hn nu mi ngi cng n nhn nhng thay i v
ang din ra ny mt cch tch cc, i mt vi nhng thch thc ca th gii
hin i ngy nay.
VOCABULARY
brought about:( mang n, mang li) [phrasal verb] made
something happen.
Example: The policies of the government brought about an economic crisis in the
country.

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a thing of the past: ( c k, li thi) [expression] something
that no longer happens or exists.
Example: The times when the teacher had only a blackboard are now a thing of
the past in most classrooms.
chores:(nhng cng vic vt trong gia nh) [noun] a job
that is often boring but has to be done regularly.
Example: Many husbands now help with the household chores like washing the
dishes and cleaning the floor.
traditionalists:( nhng ngi theo ch ngha truyn thng)
[noun] people who believe in the old, traditional ideas.
Example: Some traditionalists think that a woman should look after the home and
not go out to work.
nuclear family:( gia nh ch c 2 th h l b m v con
ci) [noun] a family that consists of only a father, mother and their children.
Example: In modern times, the most common family structure is the nuclear
family.
kindergartens and nursery schools:( trng mu gio v
trng mm non) [nouns] schools for children between the ages of 2 and 5.
Example: His children are very young and they go to nursery school. Later, they
will go to kindergarten and then, when they are 5, they will go to school.
socialise:( ha nhp vi x hi) [verb] meet and spend time
with other people [in this case, other children] in a friendly way and enjoy
yourself.
Example: One of the good things about university is the opportunity to socialise
with other students.
working parents:(c b c m u i lm) [noun] parents
who both go out to work.

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Example: While their children are at nursery school, John works as a bus driver
and Mary is a nurse. They are working parents.
double income:(hai ngun thu nhp) [noun] two salaries.
Example: As John and Mary both earn salaries, they can afford to buy more things
for their home as a result of the familys double income.
life chances and choices:(nhng c hi v s la chn trong
cuc sng) [nouns] the opportunities for each individual to improve his or her
quality of life and to choose the things that they want to do.
Example: The life chances and choices of people become greater when they are
able to gain qualifications.
make their way:(t c thnh cng) [expression] achieve
success in life.
Example: When the family emigrated to Australia, they started to make their way
in the new country by working hard and studying.
world of work:(th trng vic lm) [noun] you can use
world to refer to a particular activity and the people involved in it.
Example: Certain qualities are important to succeed in the world of work, for
example honesty and hard work.
mourn:(nui tic, tic thng) [verb] feel sad because
something or somebody no longer exists.
Example: Traditionalists mourn the destruction of many old buildings in the old
part of Hanoi.
realistic:(thc t, hin thc) [adjective] sensible and
appropriate.
Example: We have to be realistic about the possibility of Vietnam winning the
next football World Cup.

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5. (27/02/2016):More and more young people from wealthy countries are
spending a short time in communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work
such as teaching or building houses. WhyWho benefits more from this, the
community or these young people?
Essay Plan:
Introduction:introduce topic,there are various reasons, both benefit.
Paragraph 2: Why? [1] young people gain valuable international experience [2]
they gain a feeling of giving/sharing.
Paragraph 3: people in communities gain new houses/schools; youngsters gain
valuable life experience.
Conclusion: everyone benefits.
ANSWER
It is true that an increasing number of young volunteers are now doing unpaid
work to help communities in developing countries. Some reasons can be
identified, and I would argue that both the youngsters and the communities benefit.
There are at least two important reasons why I think some youngsters from
developed countries spend some time doing voluntary work in communities in
poor countries. Firstly, they gain invaluable experience and develop practical
skills which they can then add to their CVs. This experience will certainly help
them when job-hunting later in their career. Secondly, the motivation of
idealistic young people should not be underestimated. The desire to help others
less fortunate than themselves comes from a feeling of wanting to give without
reward and share hardships, experiencing what it is like to live in a poor
community.
Both the host community and the young people benefit. The community benefits
because these young people bring their enthusiasm and knowledge, as well as their

Page 227
physical endeavour. Hence, the youngsters may be able to teach literacy and
numeracy skills, or they may be strong and energetic to help with building houses
for those who have inadequate shelter. The young people benefit through the life
experience which they gain, living and working alongside those from a different
culture. Without exagerration, it is a life-changing challenge and the youngsters
will return to their homes with a much more mature and broader outlook on life.
In conclusion, there are some clear reasons for this volunteering trend and I believe
that everyone benefits it can be truly be said to be a win-win situation.
267 words
Dn bi:
M bi: gii thiu ch , c mt s l do, c hai bn u c li.
on 2: Ti sao? [1] thanh nin gt hi c nhng kinh nghim quc t c gi tr
[2] h c c mt s ng cm v s s chia.
on 3: mi ngi trong cng ng c c nh /trng hc mi; nhng ngi
tr t c nhng kinh nghim cuc sng ng qu.
Kt lun: mi ngi u c li.
P N
Thc t l s lng nhng tnh nguyn vin tr tng ln ngy ny ang lm cc
cng vic t thin gip cng ng cc nc ang pht trin. C mt vi l
do c th c ng h, v ti tranh ci rng c nhng ngi tr v cng ng u
c li.
C t nht hai l do ni bt m ti ngh rng mt s ngi tr tui t nhng nc
pht trin dnh thi gian lm t thin cho cng ng nhng nc ngho. Trc
ht, h gt hi c kinh nghim v gi v pht trin cc k nng thc t m h c
th b sung vo s yu lch ca h sau ny. Tri nghim ny chc chn s gip h
khi tm kim cng vic sau ny. Hai l, s n lc ca nhng thanh nin duy tm

Page 228
khng nn b nh gi thp. Mong mun gip nhng ngi km may mn hn
mnh xut pht t s ng cm m khng cn s cng nhn hay nhng kh khn s
chia, tri qua nhng iu m ging nh h ang sng trong mt mi trng ngho
kh.
C nhng cng ng ch tr v ngi tr u c li. Cng ng s c hng li
bi v nhng thanh nin ny mang n s nhit huyt v kin thc, cng vi s c
gng ht mnh ca h. V th, nhng ngi tr c th dy cc k nng c, vit ch
v lm ton, hoc h c th trn y nng lng v sc khe gip vic xy dng
nhng ngi nh cho ngi v gia c. Nhng ngi tr c hng li thng qua
nhng kinh nghim thc t m h c c, sng v lm vic bn cnh nhng
ngi t mt nn vn ha khc. Khng cn n s phng i, l nhng th
thch thay i cuc sng v nhng thanh nin s quay tr v t m ca h vi ci
nhn trng thnh v m mang hn nhiu v cuc sng.
Tm li, c mt s l do ni bt i vi xu hng lm tnh nguyn ny v ti tin
rng tt c mi ngi u c li c th ni mt cch chnh xc l tnh hung
i bn cng c li.
VOCABULARY
invaluable: [adjective] (v gi): extremely useful.
Example: The new book is invaluable for students who are learning English.
CVs: [noun] (s yu l lch): written records of your education and
experience, used when you are applying for a job.
Example: At the interview, all the candidates presented their CVs in order to try to
get the job.
job-hunting: [noun] (tm kim vic lm): trying to find a job.
Example: I was job-hunting for 6 months before I finally found employment in a
car factory.

Page 229
idealistic: [adjective] (duy tm) having a strong belief in perfect ideas
[which may or may not be possible to achieve].
Example: My teacher is very idealistic and she believes that we can all achieve
great things in our lives.
underestimate: [verb] (nh gi thp): realise how strong, good or
determined someone or something really is.
Example: His determination to pass the exam should not be underestimated.
hardships: [noun] (kh khn): situations that are difficult or unpleasant,
because you do not have enough money, clothes or food, for example.
Example: As they crossed the desert on foot, the two men faced great hardships.
host community: [noun] (cng ng ch tr, ch nh): a community which
invites other people to join it.
Example: The refugees from the war zone were welcomed by people in the host
community.
physical endeavour: [noun] (c gng bng sc lc): physical effort.
Example: After great physical endeavour, they succeeded in climbing the highest
mountain in the world.
literacy and numeracy: [noun] (kh nng c, vit v lm ton): the ability
to read, write and do arithmetic.
Example: She teaches literacy and numeracy skills in a rural African community
where many people cannot read, write or add numbers.
inadequate: [adjective] (thiu thn): not enough or not good enough.
Example: The water supply is inadequate to provide water for all the people in
the city.
a win-win situation: [noun] (tnh hung i bn cng c li): a situation in
which there is a good result for everyone involved.

Page 230
Example: When old people visit schools to tell children about life in the past, it is
a win-win situation. The older people enjoy the company of the children, and the
children learn about the past in a real and interesting way.
6. (19/05/2016) It is observed that in many countries not enough students

are choosing to study science subjects. What are the causes? And what will be
the effects on society?.
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, a number of causes, negative impact.
Paragraph 2: causes:
[1] science subjects are seen as difficult
[2] science is not glamorous geeks.
Paragraph 3: impacts:
[1] not enough qualified science graduates to fill jobs in some branches of industry
affects economic expansion
[2] rising unemployment among the growing number of arts graduates example
USA and Europe.
Conclusion: dangers in this trend, and causes must be tackled.
ANSWER
In recent years, fewer students have preferred to study science subjects and this
seems to be an increasingly common trend in many countries. There are a number
of reasons behind this tendency and I would argue that it has a serious negative
impact on society.
Two important factors influence the decision of some students not to opt for
science modules in school or university. Firstly, science subjects are

Page 231
widelyperceived as demanding in terms of both workload and intellectual
content. Thus, the reluctance of some students to embark on subjects such as
biology, physics or chemistry, which they fear will be too challenging, is
understandable. Secondly, it is true that in many Western countries, the public
image of science and scientists is unglamorous. In popular TV programmes, for
example, science students are portrayed as boring geeks, and this deters
youngsters from taking up science as a career.
The effects of this trend on society are potentially grave. One significant problem
may be that not enough qualified science students come through the educational
system to supply the trained workforce that certain branches of industry require for
their research and development purposes. This will, in turn, affect national
economic expansion, essential for raising living standards. Another negative
impact is the imbalance in the economy which results from the growing number of
students who choose to take arts and humanities subjects rather than to study
science. Almost certainly, this will result in rising unemployment among school
leavers and graduates who have followed such courses. Surveys of graduate
unemployment in the USA and Europe indicate that this is a real concern.
In conclusion, there are dangers in the increasing shift away from studying science
subjects and the causes of this phenomenon should be addressed urgently.
291 words
Dch i :
C th thy c nhiu nc khng c hc sinh chn hc cc mn khoa
hc. Cc nguyn nhn l g? V nhng nh hng n x hi l g?
Dn bi vit:
M bi: gii thiu ch , mt s nguyn nhn, nh hng tiu cc.

Page 232
on 2: cc nguyn nhn: [1] cc mn khoa hc kh [2] khoa hc khng li cun
ngi lp d.
on 3: cc nh hng tiu cc: [1] khng nhng ngi tt nghip ngnh khoa
hc c cht lng lm vic trong cc nhnh ca ngnh cng nghip - nh hng
n s pht trin nn kinh t [2] tht nghip gia tng gia s lng ln nhng
ngi tt nghip ngnh ngh thut- v d M v chu u.
Kt bi: c mi nguy him trong xu hng ny, v nhng nguyn nhn phi c
gii quyt.
P N
Trong nhng nm gn y, c t hn nhng hc sinh thch hc nhng mn khoa
hc hn v y c v nh l mt xu hng ngy cng ph bin nhiu nc. C
mt s l do ng sau khuynh hng ny v ti cho rng n c nh hng tiu cc
nghim trng n x hi.
C hai nguyn nhn quan trng nh hng n quyt nh khng la chn cc mn
khoa hc ca vi hc sinh trng hoc i hc. Th nht, khoa hc c nhn
thc mt cch ph bin l c tnh i hi cao c v khi lng cng vic ln hm
lng tr tu. Nh vy, s min cng ca vi hc sinh bt u nhng mn nh
sinh hc, vt l hay ha hc, nhng mn m h s rng s qu th thch, l c th
hiu c. Th hai, ng l nhiu nc phng Ty, hnh nh chung ca ngnh
khoa hc v cc nh khoa hc khng hp dn. Trn cc chng trnh ti vi ni ting,
v d nh, cc hc sinh mn khoa hc c khc ha nh nhng ngi lp d, v
iu ny ngn cc bn tr la chn khoa hc lm ngh nghip.
Nhng nh hng n x hi ca xu hng ny c kh nng l nghim trng. Mt
vn quan trng c th l khng c sinh vin ngnh khoa hc c cht lng
vt qua c h thng gio dc cung cp nhn lc c trnh m cc nhnh
ngnh cng nghip nht nh cn cho mc nh nghin cu v pht trin ca h.
iu ny s, ln lt, nh hng s pht trin nn kinh t quc gia, quan trng cho
vic nng cao cht lng cuc sng. Mt nh hng tiu cc khc l s mt cn

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bng trong nn kinh t, l hu qu t s gia tng s lng hc sinh chn hc cc
mn ngh thut v nhn vn hn l hc mn khoa hc. Hu nh chc chn, iu
ny s gy ra s tht nghip gia tng gia nhng ngi ra trng v tt nghip m
theo nhng kha hc ny. Cc cuc kho st v tht nghip sau khi tt nghip
M v chu u cho thy rng y l mi lo ngi tht s.
Tm li, c nhng mi nguy him trong s chuyn i t vic hc cc mn khoa
hc v cc nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny nn c gii quyt cp bch.
VOCABULARY
opt for: [phrasal verb] [la chn] choose a particular course of action.
Example: After she graduated, she opted for a career in music.
widely perceived: [expression] [c nhn thc rng ri] understood or
thought about in a particular way by a lot of people.
Example: An interest in science and art are widely perceived as impossible to
combine.
workload: [noun] [khi lng cng vic] the amount of work that has to be
done by a particular person or organisation.
Example: The company employed extra staff to deal with the increased workload.
intellectual content: [expression] [hm lng tr tu] the things studied in
science courses which require thought and intelligence to understand.
Example: He was unable to understand everything in the biology coursebook, and
he told his teacher that the intellectual content of the book was too difficult.
embark on: [phrasal verb] [bt u cng vic mi hoc kh khn] start to do
something new or difficult.
Example: She is about to embark on a new career as a criminal lawyer.
unglamorous: [adjective] [khng hp dn, li cun] not attractive or
exciting.

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Example: Working in scientific research is widely perceived as an unglamorous
job.
geeks: [noun] [ngi lp d] people who are boring, wear unfashionable
clothes and do not know how to act in social situations.
Example: In most TV shows, scientists are shown as geeks, who are really
boring and whom everyone avoids at parties.
take up: [phrasal verb] [bt u] start something, such as a job or hobby.
Example: Now that my brother is too old to play football, he has decided to take
up golf.
grave: [adjective] [nghim trng] serious.
Example: The doctor told us that the condition of the patient was very grave.
economic expansion: [expression] [s pht trin kinh t] the situation in
which the economy of a country is growing.
Example: Despite the recent trade crisis, economic expansion continues in China.
imbalance: [noun] [s mt cn bng] a situation in which two or more
things are not the same size, in a way that causes problems.
Example: The imbalance between the import and export figures can only be
solved by reducing imports.
humanities: [noun] [nhn vn] the subjects of study which deal with how
people think and behave.
Example: In the university, the department of humanities included literature,
history and philosophy.
shift: [noun] [s chuyn i] a change in direction.
Example: Although the President used to be popular, a shift in public opinion now
means that most people now dislike him.
address: [verb] [gii quyt] think about a problem and decide what you are
going to do to deal with it.
Example: The problems created by traffic pollution must be addressed urgently.

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7. (18/06/2016) Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms
of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? How can its popularity be
increased?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, agree that cycling is environmentally friendly.
Need to consider why it is not more popular and what we can do to make it more
popular.
Paragraph 2: answer first question:
topic sentence: there are reasons why cycling is not more popular.
Idea [1] need to be fit to cycle support idea: goint up hills, bad weather
Idea [2] danger of using busy roads support idea: children cycling to school
Idea [3] cycling takes longer than using a car support idea: people have busy
lives and are always in a hurry
[1] Paragraph 3: answer second question:
topic sentence: it is easy to make cycling more popular
Idea [1] people can improve their fitness - support idea: begin with cycling short
distances
Idea [2] campaigns to promote health benefits of cycling support idea:
workplaces provide facilities to encourage employees to cycle to work
Idea [3] discourage motorists and encourage cyclists support idea: congestion
charge for cars, cycle lanes for cyclists
Conclusion: we can encourage more people to travel by bike.
ANSWER
It is obvious that cycling is more eco-friendly than other forms of private
transport. There are some reasons for this trend and some effective measures can

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be taken to overcome the reluctance of the public to use bikes and to make the
bicycle a more popular means of transport
There are several reasons why cycling as an activity is not more popular. Firstly,
cycling demands a reasonable level of physical fitness to cope with a journey of
any length, going up hills and perhaps confrontingbiting winds and rain.
Secondly, many people are put off cycling by the danger of using busy roads.
Although many children used to cycle to school, the roads were much less
hazardous than fifty years ago, and today cyclists have to confront heavy traffic.
Finally, journeys by bike generally take longer than travelling by car, which is a
major factor in the busy and stressful lives which most people seem to lead
nowadays.
With a little public and private initiative, the popularity of cycling could easily be
increased. Anyone can build up their fitness, beginning with using a bike for short
journeys to school, to work or to the shops. Campaigns in the media, in schools
and workplaces could promote the health benefits of cycling, and offices and
factories should provide changing facilities and hot showers for employees arriving
cold or wet by bike. Authorities must discourage motorists from using their cars
by introducing congestion charges, as in London, reducing traffic on the roads and
encouraging more people to use bikes. If more city cycle lanes are also
constructed, these will keep cyclists safe and speed up journey times.
In conclusion, with planning and investment it should be possible to increase the

popularity of cycling, especially for all those short trips to work or school.
Dch i

Page 237
i xe p th thn thin vi mi trng hn nhiu so vi s dng cc phng tin
giao thng khc . Ti sao n li khng c ph bin nhiu ni ? Lm th no
n c th c ph bin hn?
Dn bi vit
M bi: gii thiu ch , ng vi kin rng p xe th thn thin vi mi
trng. Cn xem xt l do ti sao n khng c ph bin hnv nhng vic
chng ta c th lm n tr nn ph bin hn.
on vn 2: Tr li cu hi u tin
Cu ch : nhng l do ti sao p xe khng c ph bin hn
[ 1 ] cn phi c sc khe p xe trin khai : phi leo ln nhng ngn i ,
thi tit xu
[ 2 ] him ha khi s dng xe nhng con ng ng c trin khai: tr em
p xe n trng
[ 3 ] p xe mt nhiu thi gian hn so vi s dng xe hi - trin khai : nhng
ngi c cuc sng bn rn v lun lun vi v, hi h
on vn 3 : tr li cu hi th hai : cu ch : rt d dng lm cho xe p
ph bin hn
[ 1 ] mi ngi c th nng cao th lc ca mnh- trin khai: bt u p xe
vi nhng khong cch ngn
[ 2 ] cc chin dch thc y li ch sc khe ca vic xe p trin khai:
ni lm vic cung cp nhng tin nghi khuyn khch nhn vin p xe i lm
[ 3 ] khng khuyn khch nhng ngi li xe v khuyn khch nhng ngi i xe
p trin khai : ph gy tc nghn giao thng cho xe t , cc ln ng cho
ngi i xe p
Kt lun : chng ta c th khuyn khch nhiu ngi hn di chuyn bng xe p
P N
R rng l i xe p th thn thin vi mi trng hn nhiu so vi cc loi
phng tin c nhn khc. C mt vi l do dn ti xu hng ny v mt s bin

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php c hiu qu c th c thc hin khin cng chng khng min cng s
dng xe p v lm cho xe p tr thnh mt phng tin giao thng ph bin
hn
C nhiu l do ti sao i xe p li khng phi l mt hot ng ph bin hn. Th
nht , i xe p i hi mt sc khe th cht hp l cht p ng c nhng
cuc hnh trnh mi chiu di,leo ln i v c l phi i u c vi nhng cn
gi but v ma . Th hai, nhiu ngi t b xe p bi s nguy him ca vic s
dng n nhng con ng ng c . Mc d nhiu tr em s dng xe p
n trng , nhng con ng th t nguy him hn nm mi nm trc nhiu, v
nhng ngi i xe p ngy nay phi i mt vi lu lng giao thng ln . Cui
cng , hnh trnh i bng xe p thng mt nhiu thi gian hn so vi i di
chuyn bng xe hi, m li l mt nhn t chnh trong cuc sng bn rn v
cng thng m hu ht mi ngi hin nay dng nh ang gp phi.
Vi sng kin nh ca cng ng v t nhn , s ph bin ca xe p c th d
dng c tng ln. Bt c ai cng c th xy dng sc khe cho h , bt u bng
cch s dng mt chic xe p cho nhng chuyn i ngn n trng , i lm hoc
n cc ca hng . Cc chin dch trong truyn thng , trong cc trng hc v ni
lm vic c th thc y nhng li ch sc khe ca vic p xe , v cc vn phng
v nh my s cung cp, thay i cc tin nghi, tm vi sen nng s c cung cp
cho nhng ngi lao ng b lnh hoc t do ti bng xe p. Cc nh chc trch
phi khng khuyn khch ngi li xe s dng xe ca h bng cch a ra ph lm
tc nghn giao thng nh London , lm gim s lu thng trn ng v khuyn
khch thm nhiu ngi s dng xe p. Nu cc ln ng dnh cho xe p
thnh ph c xy dng nhiu hn , nhng ngi i xe p s c gi an ton
v c th tng tc di chuyn .
Tm li , vi nhng k hoch v s u t cn thit, s ph bin ca xe p c th
kh thi, c bit l cho tt c nhng chuyn i ngn lm vic hay ti trng hc
.

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VOCABULARY
eco-friendly: [thn thin vi mi trng] [adjective] not harmful to the
environment.
Example: There are now eco-friendly washing powders on the market for
washing your clothes.
reluctance: [s min cng, bt c d] [noun] the feeling of not wanting to
do something.
Example: She had always loved her job as a teacher and when she finally retired it
was with great reluctance.
cope with: [ng ph] [phrasal verb] deal successfully with something
difficult.
Example: He was unable to cope with the stress of teaching, so he decided to look
for a new job.
of any length: [ mi di] [expression] of any considerable/significant
distance or time.
Example: I cannot take a bus journey of any length without feeling sick.
confront: [i u] [verb] deal with a problem or difficult situation
Example: They had to confront many dangers during their journey across the
desert.
biting winds: [gi but] [expression] winds that are very cold and
unpleasant.
Example: Travelling in the Antarctic, the early explorers had to confront biting
winds and freezing temperatures.
put off: [t b] [phrasal verb] make somebody lose interest or enthusiasm
for something.
Example: He was put off learning to drive because of the number of accidents on
the roads.

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initiative: [sng kin] [noun] a new plan for dealing with something, such as
a problem.
Example: The government has adopted several initiatives to deal with
unemployment.
build up: [xy dng] [phrasal verb] to make yourself/make somebody
healthier and stronger.
Example: After the operation, she ate lots of fruit and vegetables to build up her
strength.
congestion charges: [ph lm tc nghn giao thng] [noun] money that you
have to pay in order to drive into a city centre.
Example: The congestion charges in London have been unpopular with motorists.
speed up: [tng tc] [phrasal verb] make something move or happen more
quickly.
Example: The company decided to speed up the production of their new phone.
8. (04/08/2016) In many countries, people now wear Western clothes (suits,

jeans) rather than traditional clothing. Why? Is this a positive or negative
development?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: agree with the statement. Various reasons for the trend. It is a
largely positive development.
Paragraph 2: Why the trend? [1] modern lifestyles mean that Western fashions
for clothes for work are practical and universally accepted example, businessmen
are wear suits when dealing with overseas clients [2] the influence of especially
American - films and the media - youngsters associate Western clothing with
glamour, beauty and success.

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Paragraph 3: largely positive trend [1] modern clothes are hard-wearing and
serviceable. Jeans and T-shirts are versatile and used in both the modern
workplace and leisure activities [2] Western fashions are mass-produced for a
world market affordable, choice of styles and colours is wide, distinct styles of
clothes [3] typical of a country are disappearing the Ao Dai an inevitable result
of globalization.
Conclusion: Western styles of clothing are a positive development they are
practical and affordable in the modern world of work and leisure.
ANSWER
It is true that throughout the world, Western styles of clothing are preferred to
traditional dress. There are some important factors which account for this trend,
and I consider it to be a largely positive development.
There are two principal reasons for the growing popularity of Western clothes
worldwide. Firstly, Western fashions are suited to modern working life. Denim
overalls are practical and serviceable for those who work with machines, while
businessmen and retail staff are expected by their employers to wear smart suits or
uniforms based on Western designs. Secondly, the influence of the media
particularly Hollywood films is responsible for the tendency of youngsters to
associate Western clothes fashions with a life of glamour and success. These
images are now universally popularised and the names of brands such as Gucci,
Nike and Versace are known almost everywhere.
I consider that this trend has largely positive consequences. Jeans and T-shirts, and
even baseball caps, are worn by people of all ages everywhere. Such Western
clothes are versatile, and may be worn for many work and leisure activities. They
are usually hard-wearing, although this depends on the quality and price. Another

Page 242
positive aspect is that, because Western styles are now mass-produced by the
international clothing industry, they are therefore affordable, with the added
advantage of offering a wide choice of designs and colours. It is regrettable that
traditional costumes, such as the Ao Dai in Vietnam, are declining in popularity,
since they are part of the cultural heritage of a country. However, in the modern
world, this is an inevitable result of globalisation.
In conclusion, the widespreadadoption of Western styles of clothes is a result of

our modern way of life. As they are practical and affordable, this trend is largely
positive.
293 words
Dch i :
Dn bi vit:
M bi: ng vi bi. C nhiu l do cho xu hng ny. Ni chung, y l
mt xu hng tch cc
Thn bi:
on 2: V sao li c xu hng ny?
[1] i vi li sng hin i, trang phc cng s phng Ty l thc dng v ton
cu VD: cc doanh nhn mc com-l khi giao dch vi i tc
[2] s nh hng ca phim nh v truyn thn, nht l M - th h tr gn lin
trang phc phng Ty vi s li cun, ci p v s thnh cng
on 3: nhn chung l xu hng tch cc
[1] qun o hin i bn v tin li; qun b v o phng a nng v c th c
s dng cho c mc ch cng s v vui chi
[2] cc sn phm thi trang phng Ty c sn xut hng lot cho th trng
ton th gii nn r v phong ph, nhiu kiu cch khc nhau

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[3] trang phc ring ca tng nc ang dn bin mt nh mt kt qu tt yu ca
vic ton cu ha
Kt lun: thi trang phng Ty l mt xu hng tch cc phi chng v thc
dng cho c lm vic v vui chi
P N
Khng th chi ci rng trn khp th gii, phong cch thi trang phng Ty
c u chung hn cc trang phc truyn thng. C mt s yu t quan trng gp
phn vo xu hng ny v theo ti, y l mt xu hng tch cc.
C hai l do chnh cho s ph bin ngy mt tng ca phong cch qun o phng
Ty trn th gii. u tin, thi trang phng Ty thch hp cho cuc sng cng
s hin i. Cc b ym b th thc dng v tin li i vi cc nhn k s in
my, trong khi cc doanh nhn v nhn vin bn hng th c yu cu mc nhng
b com-l hay ng phc da trn nhng thit k phng Ty. Th hai, s nh
hng ca truyn thng c bit l cc b phim Hollywoods l l do v sao cc
bn tr gn lin thi trang Ty phng vi mt cuc sng sang trng v thnh t.
Nhng hnh tng ny c truyn b trn ton cu v nhng ci tn nh Gucci,
Nike v Versace xut hin gn nh khp mi ni.
Bn thn ti cho rng xu hng ny mang li nhng h qu tch cc. Qun b v
o phng, hay c m li chai, c mc bi tt c la tui khp mi ni. Nhng
trang phc phng Ty nh trn a nng v c th c dng cho v s cc hot
ng lm vic v vui chi. Chng thng rt bn, d iu ny cn ph thuc vo
cht lng v gi c. Mt kha cnh tch cc khc chnh l vic qun o phng
Ty c sn xut hng lot trong ngnh cng nghip thi trang quc t, chnh v
vy nn chng c gi c phi chng, thm vo l s phong ph v mu m v
mu sc. ng tic, nhng b trang phc truyn thng, nh Ao Dai ca Vit Nam,
ang ngy cng c u chung t hn v chng l mt phn di sn vn ha ca

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mi nc. Tuy nhin, trong th gii hin i, y l kt qu tt yu ca qu trnh
ton cu ha.
Tm li, s s dng rng ri ca cc trang phc thi trang Ty phng l mt h
qu ca li sng hin i. Do chng thc dng v phi chng nn y l mt xu
hng kh tch cc.
VOCABULARY
growing (ang tng): [adjective] increasing
Example: A growing number of students attended university this year.
suited (hp vi ai / ci g ): [adjective] right or appropriate for
somebody or something.
Example: This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight
denim ( vi b): [noun] a strong cotton cloth, usually blue, and often used
to make jeans.
Example: She lost her blue denim jacket on the train.
overalls (ym, o lin qun): [noun] a loose piece of clothing, made in one
piece, like a shirt and trousers, usually blue and used by workers doing dirty work.
Example: The mechanic was wearing blue overalls.
serviceable (tin li, c th s dng c): [adjective] suitable to be used.
Example: The chairs are old, but still serviceable.
retail staff (nhn vin bn hng): [noun] employees who sell products to the
public.
Example: They are employed as retail staff in a large store.
associate (lin tng): [verb] make a connection in your mind between
people or things.
Example: Nike is a brand which we associate with sports clothing.
glamour (s quyn r, li cun): [noun] an attractive or exciting quality
that makes something or somebody seem special.

Page 245
Example: Footballers have a life of glamour they are rich and famous.
popularised (c truyn b, lm cho ph bin): [verb] made popular, so
that a lot of people know about something.
Example: Holidays in Thailand have been popularised through advertising on
TV.
versatile (linh hot, a nng): [adjective] having many different uses.
Example: Eggs are easy to cook and are a very versatile food.
hard-wearing (bn): [adjective] that lasts a long time and remains in a good
condition.
Example: I use these shoes for work every day they are very hard-wearing.
mass-produced (sn xut hng lot): [adjective] produced in large
quantities, using machinery.
Example: Mass-produced goods now fill the shelves of most shops.
affordable (r, gi c phi chng): [adjective] cheap enough so that people
can buy it.
Example: Thanks to mass-production, computers are now affordable for most
students.
regrettable (ng tic): [adjective] that you are sorry about and wish had
not happened.
Example: The recent increase in the number of road accidents is regrettable.
cultural heritage (di sn vn ha): [noun] the history and traditions that a
country or society has had for many years and are considered to be important.
Example: The long tradition of wine-growing is part of the cultural heritage of
France.
inevitable (khng th trnh): [adjective] that you cannot prevent or avoid.
Example: After the earthquake, it was inevitable that there would be many deaths.
widespread (rng ri): [adjective] existing or happening in many places or
among many people.

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Example: The plan had widespread support in the country.
adoption (s p dng mt k hoch/ tng no ): [noun] the decision to
start using something, especially an idea or plan.
Example: The adoption of a new policy on banning smoking in public places was
supported by doctors.
9. (16/07/2016) In many countries, governments are spending a large

amount of money on improving internet access. Why is it happening and do
you think it is the most appropriate use of government money?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: repeat statement in my own words. Sentence 2: there are several
reasons, but government money could be spent more wisely
Paragraph 2: answer the first question reasons. [1] enables access to a world of
information newspapers, online courses [2] promote government campaigns
example: food hygiene, vaccination programmes
Paragraph 3: answer the second question - not the best use of government money.
[1] money should be spent on providing good school/college buildings and
employing more teachers [2] safety and security of citizens is also a more urgent
priority example tackling terrorism [France].
Conclusion: there are more pressing problems which require government funding
than extending internet access.
ANSWER
It is true that in many countries, governments are investing heavily in extending
internet access. While this policy can be defended on a number of grounds, I
would argue that there are more urgent priorities which require public funding.

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There are important factors which explain why some governments are devoting
significant funds to the improvement of internet access. Firstly, if more and more
citizens are able to access the wealth of information available online, the result will
be a population that is better informed and more highly educated. Online news and
courses will eventually become available to everyone, and the possibilities of
extending distancelearning offer exciting opportunities for the younger generation
in particular. Secondly, authorities have recognised the power of the internet in
terms of providing a medium for running campaigns on a range of issues.
Among these issues, governments have provided online help and advice on such
things as disease prevention, food hygiene and road safety.
However, I believe that there are more pressing issues which call for immediate
government financial assistance. From an educational perspective,in many
developing countries, rural communities and impoverished districts of cities
require more schools and colleges, staffed by capable teachers and administrators.
An educated workforce, vital to national prosperity, will be the product of
investment in education. From the perspective of national security, the safety of all
citizens depends on government expenditure on police and security services. The
increase in terrorist incidents, such as the recent attacks in France, has resulted in
the loss of many innocent lives.
In conclusion, although there are sound reasons why public authorities should
want to invest in improving internet access, I consider that there are more
important problems which demand government funding.
285 words
Dch i
Dn bi vit:

Page 248
M bi: Cu 1 din t li bi. Cu 2: Chnh ph nn chi tiu khn ngoan hn
Thn bi:
on 2: Tr li cu hi u tin l do.
[1] truy cp n th gii thng tin bo ch, kha hc online
[2] qung b cc chin dch ca chnh ph - VD: v sinh thc phm, chin dch
tim phng
on 3: Tr li cu hi th 2 y khng phi l cch s dng ngn sch nh
nc tt nht.
[1] ngn sch nn c u t cung cp c s vt cht trng hc tt hn v b
sung gio vin
[2] an ton v an ninh cho ngi dn l u tin quan trng hn VD: i ph
khng b (Php)
Kt lun: c nhiu vn quan trng cn c chnh ph u t hn l m rng
mng li Internet
P N
Mt s tht chnh l chnh ph cc nc ang u t mnh m cho vic m rng
mng li Internet. Tuy rng chnh sch ny c li v mt s kha cnh, ti ngh
rng cn rt nhiu nhng u tin cp thit khc cn n s h tr ca cng qu.
C mt s l do ti sao nhiu t nc ang u t mt phn ln ngn sch cho
vic m rng truy cp Internet. u tin, nu cng nhiu cng dn c th truy cp
kho tng thng tin in t th dn tr s ngy cng cao hn. Bo mng v cc kha
hc trc tuyn s dn tr nn ph cp; vic tng cng hc t xa cung cp cc c
hi tt, nht l vi th h tr. Th hai, cc chnh quyn nhn ra sc mnh ca
Internet trong thng tin lin lc v vic qung b cc chin dch v nhiu vn
khc nhau. Trong nhng vn , cc chnh ph cung cp s gip v li
khuyn trc tuyn i vi vic phng chng dch bnh, v sinh thc phm v an
ton giao thng.

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Tuy nhin, ti tin rng c nhiu vn cp thit khc cn s h tr kinh t tc th
ca nh nc. T kha cnh gio dc, nhiu nc ang pht trin, cc cng ng
nng thn v cc qun ngho cn nhiu trng hc v trng i hc hn, vi
i ng gio vin dy gii v nh qun l tt. T kha cnh anh ninh t nc, s
an ton ca mi cng dn ph thuc vo chi tiu ca chnh ph cho lc lng cnh
st v an ninh. S lng ngy cng nhiu cc cuc khng b, nh nhng cuc tn
cng gn y ti Php, dn n s thit mng ca hng bao ngi dn v ti.
Tm li, mc d c mt s l do hp l cho vic cc t chc chinh quyn mun
u t pht trin mng Internet, ti cho rng cn nhiu vn quan trng hn cn
n s h tr ca nh nc.
VOCABULARY
investing heavily (u t mnh): [expression] investing a lot of money in
something.
Example: After the recent discovery of natural gas in China, energy companies are
now investing heavily in the country.
devote to (dng tin cho mc ch no ): [phrasal verb] give an amount
of money or time to something
Example: The government is devoting a lot of funds to the construction of a new
hospital in the capital.
distance learning (hc t xa): [noun] a system of education in which people
study at home with the help of internet sites and e-mail work to their teachers.
Example: Distance learning provides a great opportunity for me to study without
travelling to the nearest city to attend college.
medium (phng tin truyn thng): [noun] a way of communicating
information to people.
Example: Many people now use the internet as the most convenient medium to
hear the latest news.
run campaigns (t chc cc chin dich): [expression] conduct campaigns.

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Example: The two candidates are running expensive campaigns for the US
presidency.
food hygiene (v sinh thc phm): [noun] the clean and safe preparation of
food.
Example: Inspectors from the government regularly check on the food hygiene
practices in restaurants.
pressing issues (nhng vn cp thit): [expression] problems which need
immediate attention.
Example: After the earthquake, food and shelter for the victims were the most
pressing issues.
impoverished (ngho): [adjective] poor.
Example: After the war, impoverished citizens demonstrated in the street,
demanding food and jobs.
staff (lm vic cho t chc no ): [verb] work in a company or
organisation.
Example: The advice centre is staffed only by volunteers.
terrorist incidents (nhng cuc tn cng khng b): [noun] violent attacks
conducted by terrorists.
Example: As a result of recent terrorist incidents in the city, the government has
now allocated more funding for increased security measures.
sound reasons (nhng l do hp l): [expression] good and sensible
reasons.
Example: The candidate gave sound reasons for his decision to apply for the job.

Page 251
10. In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food
rather than food produced locally. Why do people buy imported food? What
could be done to encourage people to buy local food? (29/10/16)
Essay Plan:
introduction: agree with the task statement/several reasons/steps can be
taken to encourage people to buy local food
paragraph 2: answer the first question. [1] attractive marketing to make food
products look hygienic and safe [2] international food brings variety to traditional
diet
paragraph 3: answer the second question. [1] local food producers should
make their products look more attractive and appealing to consumers and
governments should impose strict regulations on food hygiene [2] local growers
should try to grow a wider variety of fruit and vegetables
conclusion: there are obvious reasons to explain this trend, but measures can
be taken to promote consumption of locally-produced food.
Dn :
Gii thiu: ng vi kin bi/mt vi v d/cc bc cn lm
khuyn khch ngi ta mua thc phm a phng
on 2: tr li cu hi th nht. [1] cc chin dch tip th hp dn khin
thc phm trng v sinh v an ton [2] thc phm quc t em n s a dng cho
thc n truyn thng
on 3: tr li cu hi th hai. [1] cc nh sn xut thc phm a phng
nn lm cho sn phm ca h trng hp dn hn vi ngi tiu dng v chnh ph
nn p t/lu hnh quy nh nghim ngt v v sinh thc phm [2] ngi trng
thc phm a phng nn c gng trng mt lng a dng cc loi rau c qu
v tri cy hn
Kt lun: c nhiu l do r rng gii thch cho xu hng ny, nhng c th
tin hnh nhiu bin php qung b cho s tiu th ca mt hng thc phm sn
xut ti a phng.
Amended essay:

Page 252
It is true that the consumption of imported food has increased in recent years.
There are some factors which help to account for this trend, but measures can be
implemented to encourage more people to eat food which is grown locally.
In many countries, people are buying more imported food and there are a number
of reasons to explain why this is happening. Firstly, the attractive marketing and
presentation of imported food products gives them an appealing and appetizing
appearance. Consumers then come to expect certain high standards of packaging,
so that food looks tasty, safe, hygienic and in the case of some products easy to
prepare. Secondly, the availability of a wide range of imported food enables
people to vary their diet and experiment with new recipes. This may provide
awelcome change from eating the same meals every day, which inevitably
becomes tedious and no longer stimulates the taste buds.
It is possible, however, to take steps to encourage the consumption of locally
produced food. Local growers should ensure that their products always look clean
and fresh. In Vietnam, for example, all the fruit and vegetables, meat and fish on
display at local markets must be presented in scrupulously hygienic conditions,
protected by plastic wrapping to keep away dust or flies. Government should
enforce strict food safety regulations. Another measure could be to increase the
variety of food produced by local farmers, which would then eliminate the need to
import those foods from other countries. This would stimulate the local economy
and reduce the environmental costs of transportation known as food miles.
In conclusion, while are some obvious reasons to explain the rise in popularity of
imported food, some simple measures should be adopted by local food growers to
meet this challenge.
294 words
Dch bi mu:
ng l s tiu th ca thc phm nhp khu ang ngy cng tng trong nhng
nm gn y. C mt s yu t c th dng gii thch cho xu hng ny, tuy
nhin c th tin hnh nhiu bin php khuyn khch nhiu ngi n thc n do
a phng sn xut hn.
nhiu quc gia, mi ngi ang mua thc phm nhp khu v c mt s nguyn
nhn cho vn ny. Th nht, cc chin lc tip th v gii thiu hp dn ca
sn phm thc n nhp khu khin chng c v rt thu ht v trng ngon ming.
Ngi tiu dng v th quen vi vic trng mong tiu chun cao ca cc loi bao

Page 253
b, thc n trng ngon, an ton, v sinh, v trong mt s trng hp, d chun
b. Th hai, s c mt/tn ti ca s lng ln cc loi thc n nhp khu khin
ngi ta thay i thc n v th nghim vi cc cng thc nu n mi. iu ny
s cung cp mt s thay i ng mong i t vic ngy no cng n cc ba
ging nhau tht nhm chn v khng cn kch thch n v gic na.
Tuy nhin, vic khuyn khch tiu th thc phm a phng l hon ton c th
xy ra. Ngi trng thc phm a phng nn m bo chc chn rng sn phm
ca h lun sch v ti. V d nh Vit Nam, tt c hoa qu v rau, tht v c
by ch dn nn c gi trong iu kin v sinh sch s tht cn thn, bc
bng mng bc nha trnh bi v rui. Chnh ph nn thi hnh cc quy nh
nghim ngt v an ton thc phm. Mt bin php na l tng a dng ca thc
n sn xut bi nng dn a phng, v iu ny s loi tr vic cn phi nhp
khu thc n t cc nc khc. Vic ny s kch thch kinh t a phng v gim
thiu chi ph mi trng ca vic sn xut thc n c bit n nh l ng
i ca thc phm.
Kt lun l, trong khi c mt s l do r rng cho vic tng ph bin ca thc
phm nhp khu, mt s phng php n gin c th c tin hnh bi ngi
sn xut thc phm a phng gii quyt vn ny.
Vocabulary:
account for: (l l do/nguyn nhn ca ci g) [phrasal verb] to be the explanation
or cause of something
Example: The heavy rain accounted for the floods in the city centre yesterday.
marketing: (tip th) [noun] the activity of presenting and selling goods in an
attractive way
Example: The presentation of products to look clean and fresh is a key feature of
marketing in the food industry.
appetizing: (ngon ming, khoi khu) [adjective] smelling or looking attractive, so

that you feel hungry or thirsty
Example: The smell of fresh bread was so appetizing that the bakery always had a
lot of customers.

Page 254
come to: (quen vi) [phrasal verb] to become accustomed to a particular situation
Example: Readers of the newspaper have come to demand a high standard of
journalism.
packaging: (bao b) [noun] materials used to wrap or protect goods sold in shops
Example: Attractive packaging encourages customers to buy products.
availability: (s c mt/tn ti) [noun] the fact that something is possible to get or
to buy
Example: More and more people are travelling by air owing to the availability of
cheap flights.
provide a welcome change: (cung cp mt s thay i ng mong i) [expression]

offer a change which you like and are happy to accept
Example: Going to the cinema provides a welcome change from watching TV at
home every night.
taste buds: (n v gic; b phn cm nhn v) [noun] small structures in your mouth
which allow you to recognise the flavours of food or drink
Example: This delicious new fruit drink will really stimulate your taste buds.
scrupulously: (cn thn, t m) [adverb] with great care and attention to every detail
Example: The teacher scrupulously examined the essays written by her students.
wrapping: (bao b, mng bc) [noun] the paper, plastic or other material used to
cover something in order to protect it
Example: He carefully cut the wrapping and opened the box of apples.
eliminate: (loi b/tr b) [verb] to remove or get rid of something

Example: The government campaign is aimed at eliminating malaria.
food miles: (ng i ca thc phm) [noun] the distance that food has to travel
from the producer to the consumer and the fuel that this uses
Example: The restaurant uses only food grown locally, because the owners have an
environmental policy of reducing food miles.

Page 255
meet a challenge: (gii quyt vn ) [expression] deal with a new and difficult
task successfully
Example: Schools must meet the challenge of using new technology in the
classroom.
11. Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the
case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveler? (24/12/16)
Essay Plan:
agree with the statement more people are travelling now. There are reasons
to explain why this is happening and there are also obvious advantages for
travellers.
paragraph 2: at least 2 important factors help to account for this trend. [1]
people have more disposable income to spend on things like holidays [2]
competition among tour operators has reduced the cost of travelling example:
budget airlines
paragraph 3: clear advantages for travellers [1] people now have more
choice of destinations, discover other cultures. Example: Vietnamese tourists to
Thailand. [2] They can visit family or friends overseas.
conclusion: there are clear reasons why more people are travelling and
enjoying the advantages of discovering the world.
Dn :
ng vi nhn nh hin ti cng ngy cng c nhiu ngi i du lch.

C nhiu l do gii thch ti sao iu ny xy ra v cng c nhng li th r
rng cho du khch.
on 2: c t nht 2 yu t quan trng gip gii thch xu hng ny. [1] mi

ngi c nhiu thu nhp chi tiu vo nhng th nh ngy l [2] cnh tranh gia
cc cng ty du lch lm gim chi ph i li - v d: cc hng hng khng gi r
on 3: li th r rng cho du khch [1] h c nhiu la chn v im du

lch v c th khm ph nn vn ha khc. V d: khch du lch Vit Nam n Thi
Lan. [2] H c th thm gia nh hoc bn b nc ngoi.

Page 256
Kt lun: c nhng l do r rng ti sao nhiu ngi ang i du lch v tn
hng nhng li th ca vic khm ph th gii.
Amended Essay:
It is true that in many countries the number of people travelling has increased over
recent years. There are reasons which can be identified to account for this trend
and travellers undoubtedly benefit from the chance to travel more frequently and to
visit even the most far-flung destinations.
At least two important factors help to explain why more and more people are now
able to enjoy domestic and international travel. Firstly, growing prosperity and a
rise in living standards in many countries has enabled people to enjoy things
which they could never have before. With greater disposable income, family
luxuries such as holidays have now become affordable. Secondly, competition
among tour operators has reduced the cost of travelling. Only a few decades ago,
for example, budget airlines did not exist, but now they are used by millions of
passengers each year.
In my view, in the case of both domestic and international travel, there are clear
advantages for travellers. People now have a wide choice of places to go and things
to see and do. They are now able to experience other parts of their own countries or
to enjoy the richness of unfamiliar and, sometimes, exotic destinations. Thailand,
for instance, is immensely popular with tourists from all over the world, including
Vietnam. Visitors enjoy not only the unique cuisine but also the rich historical
heritage of Thai temples and traditions. Another advantage for many people, now
that travel is less costly, is the chance to be reunited with family members who
have moved abroad because of work, study or simply in search of a better life.
Family ties can be maintained and strengthened thanks to the greater opportunities
to travel.
In conclusion, there are clear reasons why more people are travelling and there are
obvious advantages for travellers.
299 words
Bi lun mu:

Page 257
ng l nhiu nc s lng ngi i du lch tng ln trong nhng nm gn
y. C nhiu l do c th c xc nh gii thch cho xu hng ny v du
khch chc chn c hng li t vic c i du lch thng xuyn hn v n
thm ngay c nhng im n xa xi nht.
C t nht l hai yu t quan trng gip gii thch ti sao ngy nay ngy cng c
nhiu ngi c th i du lch c trong nc v quc t. Th nht, s tng trng
ca s phn vinh v s pht trin trong mc sng ca nhiu nc cho php ngi
dn tn hng nhng iu m h khng bao gi c th c trc y. Vi thu nhp
sn c cao hn, cc chi tiu xa x trong gia nh nh ngy l gi tr nn phi
chng. Th hai, cnh tranh gia cc cng ty l hnh gim c chi ph i du
lch. V d, ch trong mt vi thp k trc y, cc hng hng khng gi r
khng tn ti, nhng by gi h ang c s dng bi hng triu hnh khch mi
nm.
Theo quan im ca ti, c vic du lch trong nc v quc t u to li th r

rng cho du khch. Con ngi by gi c mt nhiu la chn hn v nhng ni
i v nhng th xem v lm. By gi h c th tri nghim cc phn khc ca
quc gia h hoc thng thc s phong ph ca cc im n khng quen thuc v
i khi, k l. V d nh Thi Lan, y l im n v cng ph bin vi khch du
lch t khp ni trn th gii, trong c Vit Nam. Khch thm thng thc
khng ch l cch nu nng c o m cn l di sn lch s phong ph ca cc
ngi cha v truyn thng ca Thi Lan. Mt li th i vi nhiu ngi, khi by
gi vic du lch t t hn, l c hi c on t vi cc thnh vin
trong gia nh chuyn ra nc ngoi v cng vic, hc tp hay ch n gin l
tm kim mt cuc sng tt hn. Mi quan h trong gia nh c th c duy tr
v cng c nh vic c nhiu c hi i du lch hn.
Kt lun li, c nhng l do r rng ti sao nhiu ngi ang i du lch v c

nhng li th r rng cho du khch.
299 t
Vocabulary:
far-flung: [adjective] (xa xi) distant

Example: He is a famous explorer who has travelled to the most far-flung corners
of the world.

Page 258
prosperity: [noun] (s phn vinh, thnh vng) the state of being successful,
especially in making money
Example: The country is enjoying a period of economic prosperity thanks to the
discovery of oil reserves.
living standards: [noun] (mc sng) the amount of money and level of comfort that
a person/people has/have
Example: Full employment and better medical treatment has improved living
standards in many parts of India.
disposable income: [noun] (thu nhp sn c c c sau khi tr thu v ho n)

money that a person is free to spend after paying taxes and bills
Example: After she gained promotion at work, she got a pay rise and now has more
disposable income for holidays and small luxuries.
affordable: [adjective] (gi c phi chng) cheap enough for people to be able to
buy it or pay for it
Example: The restaurant is not too expensive the food is good and the prices are
affordable.
budget airline: [noun] (hng hng khng gi r) an airline which offers cheaper
tickets
Example: Travelling with a budget airline is not always comfortable, but it is
usually affordable.
exotic: [adjective] (k l, mi m, ngoi lai) exciting and unusual because it is

connected with other countries
Example: They have chosen an exotic trip to the Amazon for their holiday this
year.
immensely: [adverb] (cc k, v cng) very much, extremely

Example: We enjoyed ourselves immensely at the party.
cuisine: [noun] (cch nu nng) a style of cooking

Example: The restaurant is famous for its excellent Italian cuisine.

Page 259
costly: [adjective] (t ) costing a lot of money
Example: The furniture in the store was too costly, so I decided not to buy
anything.
family ties: [noun] (mi quan h trong gia nh) family links or connections
Example: He decided not to take a new job in the US because his family ties in
China were too strong.

Page 260
DNG KHC
1. (16/06/2016) Most large companies nowadays operate multi-nationally.

To what extent do multinational companies have responsibility toward local
communities in which they operate?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: introduce topic, agree> multinational companies have a
responsibility.
Paragraph 2: social perspective: a healthy and educated workforce will benefit the
operations of the company employees will be healthier and well-trained.
Example: car assembly factories: Ford/Nissan.
Paragraph 3: environmental perspective: companies which exploit the natural
resources of a local area must do this [1] without polluting the local area as the
economy of people in local communities will suffer example, the oil industry and
marine pollution which affects a local fishing industry - Alaska; [2] in a sustainable
way example: logging companies. .
Conclusion: multinational companies have a moral responsibility and a practical
interest in improving the quality of life of people in the local communities where
the companies are based.
ANSWER
It is true that, in this era of globalisation, most large companies operate outside the
confines of national borders. While it is necessary that companies maximise their
profits, this must not be at the expense of the welfare of the people in areas where
these companies are based.

Page 261
From a social perspective, multinational enterprises should provide jobs for local
people and ensure that workers and their families have adequate salaries and access
to health and education services. The horrors of the industrial revolution in
Europe and America must be avoided child labour, starvationwages and
unhealthy working conditions. It is also in the self-interest of multinational firms
to employ a healthy and educated workforce. Physically fit workers are more
productive and mentally alert to the importance of health and safety at work.
Finally, an educated workforce gives the company more flexibility, as skilled
employees can be switched from one task to another to meet production
requirements, as in the case of car assembly plants like Ford or Nissan.
From an environmental perspective, multinational firms must safeguard the

natural resources of the area in which they operate. Local communities may
traditionally depend on such resources for their survival. Irresponsible oil
extraction by firms such as Shell or Texaco, for example, may result in oil spills
which devastate the local fishing industry, as incidents in Alaska have shown.
Similarly, unsustainablelogging of timber for construction or paper manufacture
may have serious effects on local farmers due to resultantsoil erosion. Thus, it is
essential to re-invest corporate profits into schemes to prevent pollution and to
guarantee the long-term prosperity of local communities.
In conclusion, multinational companies have a moral duty and a practical interest

in improving the quality of life of the local communities in which they conduct
their operations.
298 words
Dch i :

Page 262
Hu ht cc cng ty ln hin nay vn hnh a quc gia. kha cnh no cc cng
ty a quc gia c trch nhim i vi cng ng a phng ni m h vn hnh?
Dn bi vit:
M bi: gii thiu ch , ng > cc cng ty a quc gia c trch nhim.
on vn 2: gc nhn x hi: ngun nhn lc khe mnh v c trnh gio dc s
c li cho s vn hnh ca cng ty cc nhn vin s khe mnh hn v c
hun luyn tt. V d: nh my dy chuyn sn xut xe hi: Ford/Nissan.
on vn 3: gc nhn mi trng: cc cng ty khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin ca
khu vc a phng phi thc hin iu ny [1] nu khng gy nhim khu vc
a phng cng nh kinh t ca ngi dn trong khu vc s chu thit hi v d,
ngnh cng nghip du m v s nhim bin gy nh hng n ngnh nh bt
c a phng Alaska; [2] theo mt cch bn vng v d: cc cng ty khai
thc g.
Kt bi: cc cng ty a quc gia phi c trch nhim o c v s quan tm thc
t n vic ci thin cht lng cuc sng ca nhng ngi trong cng ng a
phng ni m cc cng ty ny t c s.
P N
ng l, trong k nguyn ca ton cu ha, hu ht cc cng ty ln vn hnh vt
ra khi bin gii quc gia. Trong khi vic cc cng ty ti a ha li nhun l cn
thit, iu ny khng c tn hi n phc li ca ngi dn trong khu vc ni
m nhng cng ty ny t tr s.
T gc nhn x hi, cc doanh nghip a quc gia nn cung cp vic lm cho
ngi dn a phng v bo m rng cc cng nhn v gia nh ca h c
lng v tip cn cc dch v y t v gio dc. S kinh khng ca cuc cch mng
cng nghip chu u v chu M phi c trnh khi lao ng tr em, ng
lng cht i v iu kin lao ng tn hi sc khe. cng l t li ca cc
cng ty a quc gia khi tuyn dng nhn lc khe mnh v c gio dc. Nhng
cng nhn c th cht khe mnh c nng sut hn v cnh gic v tm quan trng

Page 263
ca sc khe v an ton ni lm vic. Cui cng, mt ngun nhn lc c trnh
gio dc mang n cho cng ty thm s linh hot, v cc nhn vin gii c th thay
i t vic ny sang vic khc p ng cc yu cu sn xut, nh l trong
trng hp ca nh my sn xut dy chuyn xe hi Ford hoc Nissan.
T gc nhn mi trng, cc cng ty a quc gia phi bo v ti nguyn thin
nhin ca khu vc ni m h vn hnh. Cc cng ng a phng c th c
truyn thng ph thuc vo nhng ti nguyn sinh tn. Lc du v trch
nhim bi nhng cng ty nh Shell hay Texaco, c th gy ra trn du ph hy
ngnh cng nghip nh bt c a phng, nh l s kin Alaska cho thy.
Tng t, vic khai thc g khng bn vng cho xy dng hoc sn xut giy c
th gy nh hng nghim trng n nng dn a phng do hu qu ko theo l
xi mn t. Nh vy, vic ti u t li nhun doanh nghip vo cc k hoch
ngn nga s nhim v m bo s phn thnh lu di ca cng ng a phng
l quan trng.
Tm li, cc cng ty a quc gia phi c ngha v o c v mi quan tm thc t
trong vic ci thin cht lng cuc sng ca cng ng a phng ni m h
hot ng.
VOCABULARY
confines: [noun] [ranh gii] limits or borders.
Example: Animals in zoos cannot go beyond the confines of their enclosures.
maximise: [verb] [ti a ha] increase something as much as possible.
Example: The company reduced the wages of its workers in order to maximise its
profits.
horrors: [noun] [s kinh khng] the very unpleasant nature of something.
Example: The older generation still remember the horrors of the war of
liberation.

Page 264
starvation wages: [noun] [ng lng cht i] the state of suffering and
death, as a result of having no food.
Example: As a result of the starvation wages paid by employers, many factory
workers died at an early age.
self-interest: [noun] [t li] considering only the advantage to yourself,
without caring about others.
Example: Corrupt politicians act only out of self-interest.
alert: [adjective] [cnh gic] aware of something, especially a danger or a
problem.
Example: Firefighters must always be alert to the dangers when they go to fight a
fire.
switched: [verb] [thay i] changed, moved.
Example: I see that you are working in a new school when did you switch jobs?
safeguard: [verb] [bo v] protect somebody/something from danger or
harm.
Example: The boss explained how the employees should safeguard themselves
while at work.
irresponsible: [adjective] [v trch nhim] not thinking about the effects of
what you do.
Example: He has an irresponsible attitude to work, often arriving late and leaving
early.
oil spills: [noun] [trn du] accidents which allow oil to escape into the sea.
Example: Many birds died as a result of the recent oil spills.
devastate: [verb] [ph hy] completely destroy something, such as an area
of land.
Example: The bombs devastated part of the old city during the war.
unsustainable logging: [adjective+noun] [khai thc g khng bn vng]
cutting of trees that cannot be continued at the same rate indefinitely.

Page 265
Example: In Thailand and Malaysia, large areas of rainforest have been devastated
as a result of unsustainable logging.
resultant: [adjective] [hu qu ko theo] caused by the thing which has just
been mentioned.
Example: The country is in crisis and the government is concerned about the
resultant unemployment.
soil erosion: [noun] [xi mn t] the process by which the soil/the land is
gradually destroyed by the action of wind and rain.
Example: When there are no trees to protect the land, soil erosion commonly
results.

Page 266

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