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3,5
A
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3,5
7,0 7,0
A
Created on Wednesday, May 25, 2011
Example: Sway stability
Frame data:
Outer columns HEA 200 S355
Second moment of area I y = 3692 104 mm4
Loads:
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Live loads:
Indoor live load q = 2,5 kN/m2
Snow qsnow = 1,0 kN/m2
Wind, windward qwind1 = 0, 5 0, 75 = 0, 375 kN/m2
Wind, leeward qwind2 = 0, 5 0, 4 = 0, 2 kN/m2
Load factors:
Created on Wednesday, May 25, 2011
Design loads:
The design loads are calculated with the wind load as the principal load. EN1990
q1 = ( G ( g roof + gslab + g s + g I + gsc ) + Q 0 qsnow ) s = 82,1 kN/m 6.4.3.2
In the figure below the structure is shown with these design loads.
q1
qw1 qw2
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q2
1
0 =
200
2
h = where h is the height of the structure in m
h
1
m = 0, 5 1 +
m
where m is the number of columns in a row
1 2 1
= 0, 5 1 + = 3, 09 103
200 7, 0 3
Calculate the equivalent horizontal forces, H1 and H2, due to the sway EN 1993-1-1
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q2
H2
H1 + H2
H,Ed1
H1
H,Ed2
H2
Created on Wednesday, May 25, 2011
H,Ed1 = 0,69 mm
H,Ed2 = 1,23 mm
Example: Sway stability
The second alternative is to use a finite element package for determining cr.
In this case only the vertical loads are considered as concentrated to the joints
of the frame according to the figure below.
VEd1i
VEd1o VEd1o
VEd2i
VEd2o VEd2o
As can be seen the different methods gives different results. The finite
element analysis should give the most correct results since the equation from
EN 1993-1-1 is a simplification. In this case it gives a conservative result
because the columns are uniform and the upper part has less load than the
lower part. However, for large cr values the difference in the contribution
from the sway on the frame is rather small. In this example the cr from the
finite element analysis will be used.
where
NEd is the design value of the compression force and
A fy EN 1993-1-1
= is the in-plane non-dimensional slenderness calculated
6.3.1.2(1)
N cr
for the member considered as hinged at its ends
N Ed > 0, 25 N cr
For the columns the buckling loads assuming hinged ends are:
Outer columns, HEA 200
2 E I 2 210000 3692 104
N cr = = = 6247 kN
l2 35002
Inner columns, HEA 220
2 E I 2 210000 5410 104
N cr = =
Created on Wednesday, May 25, 2011
= 9153 kN
l2 35002
Example: Sway stability
The member that carries the highest normal force is the lower part of the outer
column and the middle column.
The normal force in the outer column, lower part, according to first order
analysis
NEd = 568 kN
N Ed = 568 kN < 1562 kN = 0, 25 N cr
The normal force in the inner column, lower part, according to first order
analysis
NEd =1533 kN
N Ed = 1533 kN < 2288 kN = 0, 25 N cr
Since this two members do not meet the condition then no other member will
and hence, the bow imperfections does not have to be considered.
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H1a q1
qw1a qw2a
9 10
2 4 6
q2
H2a
7 8
1 3 5
Created on Wednesday, May 25, 2011
g
M
Where the horizontal loads marked with a are increased by the factor
y
p
1 1
= = 1,15
1 1 cr 1 1 7, 51
a
o
i.e.
d
H 2a = 1,15 4, 64 = 5,34 kN
s
In the table below the design forces for all members are shown. For shear
d
force and moment the two values corresponds to the two ends of the columns
and the beams. The first value for the columns is for the lower end and the
second is for the upper end and for the beams the first value is for the left end
e
l
Quality Record
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
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