Effective Teaching

The term effective refers to producing the result that is wanted or intended or producing a Topic: Teaching Methodology
successful result (Oxford Dictionary - OALD). Teaching is considered effective when it leads to
successful learning among students. Cognitive, psychomotor and affective are the three
domains of learning (as mentioned in Blooms Taxonomy, 1965).

Teaching Methodology

The term methodology refers to a set of methods and principles used to perform a particular activity (Oxford Dictionary - OALD).
Teaching methodology comprises the principles and methods used for instruction to be implemented by teachers to achieve the
desired learning by students (Westwood, 2008). [The term pedagogy refers to the study of teaching methods (OALD).]

Instructional Technology

The term Instructional Technology and Educational Technology are generally considered synonymous. Educational technology is
the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate
technology processes and resources (Januszewski & Molenda, 2008).

Lecture Method

Lecturing is a teaching method where an instructor delivers all relevant information to students verbally. During a typical lecture, an
instructor will stand before a class and present information for the students to learn. Sometimes, the instructor will write on a board
or use an overhead projector or graphics presentation to provide visuals for students. Students are expected to take notes while
listening to the lecture (https://www.thoughtco.com/lecture-pros-and-cons-8037).

Discussion Method

The discussion method is also called the Socratic Method after the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who would engage his students
with questions and dialogue. The method demands that students come to class well prepared. It compels them to think out their
arguments in advance and to answer their peers questions and counter-arguments (https://thomasaquinas.edu/a-liberating-
education/discussion-method).

Demonstration Method

Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof, explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Put more simply,
demonstration means to clearly show (http://www.yourdictionary.com/demonstrating). The demonstration method of teaching
shows learners how to do a task using sequential instructions with the end goal of having learners perform the tasks independently.
When using the demonstration model in the classroom, the teacher performs the tasks step-by-step so that the learner will eventually
be able to complete the same task independently (Eley, M. & Norton, 2004).

Role-Play Method

Role-Play refers to activities where students simulate a scenario by assuming specific roles. In the classroom, students can work
through a situation and practice behavior for the real world. Alternatively, the role-playing activities may be used to shed light on any
complicated topic. To be effective, students must take on the roles that they are assigned and assume the vantage point of a specific
character. Some students may play themselves while others are given roles that require them to behave in a way that they would not
normally conduct themselves (http://clear.unt.edu/pedagogical-principles-role-play-learning).

Trainer: Sharjeel Ahmed Khan (M.A., M.Ed) Manager R&D, SPECTRUM

0346-2760219 facebook.com/sharjeelak sharjeel@spectrum.com.pk