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(Bozuyuk) Bo
Go 5- {30 June}
Qilich Arslans camp
5
Sari
Qi
su
ayi
Dorylaeum
0 2.5 5 km
Battlefield of Dorylaeum 1097/06/30
(Sogut)
7- {30 June}
Godfreys and Hughs camp
(Bozuyuk) 7
6- {30 June}
Go Bohemonds camp
(Poyra)
9
9a- Distance between the two camps: 6
eight miles (milibus octo) [Gilo 4.191] Bo
two miles (duobus miliaribus) [William 3.13c]
two miles (duo miliario) [Raymond 5a=27]
9b- Note
Latin milibus = thousand [steps] is probably
closer to a modern kilometer than a modern mile. Dorylaeum
Medieval distance terminology was often (Eskisehir)
imprecise, and varied between regions of Europe. Qi
A two mile distance between the camps is
inconsistent both with the time it takes for 8
reinforcements to arrive, and the lack of 8- {30 June}
knowledge of Godfreys division (and presumed Qilich Arslans camp
scouts) of the ongoing battle.
0 1000 m 2000 m
Bohemond Camps on the Plains of Dorylaeum 1097/06/30
4 2- Note
The wadis (creeks) 4- Mountains
flowing into the Sarisu 4 [Robert 9; Gesta 3/9d=19; Gilo
ayi River (medieval
2 4.243-252; Fulcher 1.12.3-4]
Bathys) were probably
largely dry in July
6b- Godfreys Camp
[William 3.13c]
All the other leaders [of Godfreys 2 5- Bohemonds Camp
divsion] kept to the right [road] [Fulcher 1.11.2-3]
(Poyra)
Here, too, there was good pasturage Therefore that night we had our tents protected on all sides by
and a water supply. watchmen. we pitched our tents near a marsh.
[Albert 2.38b]
finding quarters where he might pitch camp, and his companions, who
6a- {30 June} 6c- This means Godfrey is spread out all around on the grass, might attend to the needs of their
Godfreys division is a few camping somewhere in the bodies with food and other supplies in suitable streams and meadows.
miles west, off map. plains of Dorylaeum, and not up [William 3.13b + 3.13d]
in the hills to the north following Here, about the ninth hour, they made camp by the bank of a running
the route Bohemond took.
6 stream [Bathys/Sarisu ayi], where they had the advantage of pasturage
5 and grass. They surrounded the camp with guards and, although
somewhat anxious in mind, passed a quiet night.
u ayi Bathys R
Saris ive r
1 Bathys R
ive r
(ukurhisar)
7- {30 June}
1 Qilich Arslans camp; it may
(Inonu)
3 (Oklubali) have been further east where
1- Note Sa
ris
u the plains are broader, and there
The exact path of the Sarisu ayi 3- Marsh
a
yi
is more water for their horses.
River (medieval Bathys) has [Fulcher 1.11.2-3]
changed through time, and has we pitched our tents near a marsh.
been partly canalized in modern [There were probably several marshy
times for irrigation. spots along the river.] 7
Qi
2
4 4
0 1000 m 2000 m
Turkish Scouts and Skirmishers 1097/06/30
u ayi Bathys R
Saris ive r (ukurhisar)
Bathys R
ive r
8- {1 July}
10 Qilich Arslans camp; it may
(Inonu) (Oklubali) have been further east where
Sa
ris
u a
the plains are broader, and there
yi
is more water for their horses.
Qi
0 1000 m 2000 m
Crusader Army 2: Numbers 1097/06/30
3- Note on numbers.
Most the numbers for combatants given in the crusader sources
indeed most medieval sourcesare exaggerations or hyperbole. 3- Number of Crusaders
There was generally no way for the crusaders to determine the size
of the armies in this period. Modern scholars use various methods [Letter 2 (Symeon) (HE 6)]
to estimate medieval armies. We comprise 100,000 mounted knights and
men in armour. [Meaning in both divisions]
Using such methods, France (Victory in the East, 122-142)
concludes that the crusader army that left Nicaea was about 50,000 [Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490} 134=L-635]
(including 7000 knights = c. 15%), including non-combatants. [Franks had] forces not to be reckoned for
(Poyra)
Since the division of Bohemond was smaller than that of Hugh/ multitude.
Godfrey [Letter 3d (Anselm) (HE7); William 3.13c], it seems
likely that Bohemonds division was around 20,000, and Godfreys
30,000.
Division 1: Bohemond Bo
Grand Total = 20,000 3
(non-combatants = 5000 = 25%) RN
Total combatants = 15,000 (75% of grand total)
knights = 3000 (20%) SB
infantry = 9,000 (60%) ri s u ayi Bathys R
Sa ive r (ukurhisar)
archers/crossbowmen
Bathys R
iver 3000 (20%)
Ta
Division 2: Godfrey and Hugh
(Inonu) (Oklubali)
Grand Total = 30,000 Sa
ris
(non-combatants = 7500 = 25%) u a
yi
Total Combatants = 22,500 (75% of grand total)
knights = 4500 (20%)
infantry = 13,500 (60%)
archers/crossbowmen = 4500 (20%)
Qi
Note: the percentage of archers and crossbowmen may have been
higher in the crusader army, but they are not mentioned frequently
in the sources, and dont appear to be very effective or decisive.
0 1000 m 2000 m
Turkish Army 1: Composition 1097/06/30
1a- Composition of Turkish Army 1c- Notes 2a- Composition of Turkish Army 2b- Notes
[Fulcher 1.11.4] Turks: An ethnic/language group [Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490} 134=L-640-45] Turkmen = General term in the Middle
There were the Turks, those pagan pagans: Some of the Turks were probably still The king, [Qilish Arslan] Daud b. Sulaiman Eastern sources referring to Turkish
Persians whose amir and prince was technically pagan, or quasi-pagan, but they had converted b. Qutulmish, whose dominions lay nearest to nomads. There were sedentary Turks in
that Soliman [= Qilich Arslan ibn (son to Islam some three or four generations ago. In crusader [the crusaders], having received confirmation Central Asia. The Turks in the Middle
of) Sulayman (=Solomon)] who had terminology, however, pagan means non-Christian, rather of these statements, set about collecting East generally referred to Turkish military
held the city of Nicaea and the country than polytheistic. forces, raising levies, and carrying out the aristocracy and rulers who were
of Romania in his power. 6 They had Persians: The Turks had migrated from Persia into obligation of Holy War [jihad]. He also sedentarized.
at Soliman's command collected about Anatolia (which the crusaders call Romania). Hence summoned as many of the Turkmens [= The term Turkic generally refers to
him, having come to his aid for a they are sometimes called Persians.
(Poyra) Turkish nomads] as he could to give him ethnic groups which speak Turkic
distance of more than thirty days. Soliman: Arabic Sulayman = Solomon. The crusaders assistance and support against them, and a languages and dialects.
There were present with him many consistently call Qilich Arslan Soliman because he is large number of them joined him along https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
amirs or princes, viz., Ibn [son of] Sulyman with the askar of his brother. Turkic_peoples
Amircaradigum, Miriathos, and Romania: The land of the Romans. Byzantines called
many others. themselves Romans. Romania in early crusader sources
generally refers to Anatolia (= modern Turkey). The Turks
called Romania Rum. Hence the Rum Seljuqs are
1b-Composition of Turkish Army the Seljuqs of Romania.
Bo
[Gesta 3/9f=20] amir: Amir [sometimes emir in English] is an
the Turks, Arabs, Saracens, Agulani Arabic term meaning commander, sometimes prince or
Turks, Persians, Paulicians military commander; equivalent of bey/beg in Turkish RN
[publicani], Saracens and Agulani, Amircaradigum: Perhaps Amir Kara Dogan? =
with other pagans, not counting the u
Prince
ayi Black Hawk; traditional Turkish names were often SB Bathys R
Saris iver
Arabs, Bathys R
iver
based on animals and weapons. (Qilich Arslan = Sword (ukurhisar)
i SB
ay Bathys R
Sarisu ive r
Bathys R (ukurhisar)
ive r
Ta
(Inonu) (Oklubali)
Sa
ris
u a
yi
3 Qi
0 1000 m 2000 m
Turkish Army 3: Tactics 1097/06/30
5a- Turks all Mounts Archers 5c- Notes 6- Fighting Qualities of the Turkish Army
[Fulcher 1.11.4] common stock with the Franks = either the Turks are thinking of [Gesta 3/9g=21]
[The Turks were] bowmen, for it was the Turkic peoples of eastern Europe, such as the Pechenegs and The skill and prowess and courage of the Turks,
their custom to be armed in that Cumans, or they are establishing a fictional genealogical relationship who thought that they would strike terror into the
manner. All were mounted. with the Franks, as was often done between nomadic tribes. Franks, as they had done into the Arabs and
[William 3.13f] Turkish cavalry lancers = Askar = (( ) askr, askir) Saracens, Armenians, Syrians and Greeks, by the
only cavalry was to be seen. Arabic for army, referring during the crusades to the personal menace of their arrows? Yet, please God, their
professional household troops of Turkish and Arabic warlords. Many, men will never be as good as ours. They have a
5b- Turkish Askar = heavy but not all, were mamluks/ghulams. They were heavily armored and saying that they are of common stock with the
cavalry archers/lancers armed with bow, sword, lance, mace, and/or axe, each weapon for a
(Poyra) Franks, and that no men, except the Franks and
[Raymond 5b=28] different range and purpose. themselves, are naturally born to be knights.
thrusts of Turkish lances [lanceis] This is true, and nobody can deny it, that if only
[Ralph 22a] they had stood firm in the faith of Christ and
The latter also were struck by spears holy Christendom, you could not find
[lanceis] and skewered just as if on a stronger or braver or more skillful soldiers;
spit over a fire.
Bo
RN
i SB
ay Bathys R
Sarisu ive r
Bathys R (ukurhisar)
ive r
Ta
(Inonu) (Oklubali)
Sa
ris
u a 6
yi
5 Qi
0 1000 m 2000 m
Turkish Army 4: Parthian Shot 1097/06/30
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