Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Removal of Overburden
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1. Gradation and size 5. Cleanliness and Aggregate Gradation and Size
2. Coarse Aggregate Particle Deleterious Materials
Shape and Surface Texture 6. Toughness and Abrasion Distribution of particle sizes
Resistance expressed as percent of total weight
3. Fine Aggregate Particle Determined by sieve analysis
7. Durability and Soundness
Shape and Surface Texture
8. Frictional Resistance
4. Porosity or Absorption
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Particle Shapes
Rounded
Coarse Aggregate Particle Shape
and Surface Texture Sub-Rounded
Sub-Angular
Angular
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Surface Textures Consider Shear Strength
Shear Forces
Smooth
Asphalt Film
Rough
Smooth Surface Texture Rough Surface Texture
Very Rough
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Flakiness Index Elongation Index
Flakiness Index and Elongation Flakiness index is percentage by weight of
particles whose least dimension (thickness) is less
Elongation index is the percentage by weight of
particles whose greatest dimension (length) is
Index (BS 812) than 0.6 of the mean particle size more than 1.8 times the mean particle size of that
particle
Test conducted on aggregate size greater than
6.5 mm Aggregate is split into different sizes
Metal thickness gauge with slotted openings used Gauges with pins set with appropriate gaps for
to identify flat particles specific sizes are used to identify elongated
Total amount of particles passing slotted gauge is particles
weighed and expressed as percentage of the total Those particles which exceed the appropriate gap
sample to report flakiness index for specific size are identified as elongated
Lower flakiness index values are desirable particles
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measured
uncompacted voids =
mass
V - M / Gsb
M x 100%
V
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Asphalt mix containing absorptive aggregate particles
clay reading, mm
flocculating
solution
sand reading, mm
suspended clay
sedimented aggregate
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Toughness and Abrasion Resistance
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Aggregate Soundness and Durability Aggregate Soundness Test
Aggregate should remain sound when exposed Aggregate sample immersed in sodium or
to environmental factors such as wetting-drying magnesium sulphate solution for 16-18 hours at
21 C
and freezing-thawing
Sample removed, drained, and dried to constant
Sulphate Soundness test simulates freezing- weight and then re-immersed
Durability and Soundness thawing in lieu of refrigeration equipment Subjected to 5 cycles of immersing and drying
which was not readily available in the past
Finally dried aggregate sieved over a set of
Aggregate is immersed in sodium or sieves which are somewhat smaller than the
magnesium sulphate solution and then dried. sieves used originally in grading the sample.
On drying the salt crystallizes and exerts Resulting weighted average loss for each sieve
pressure in internal pores of aggregate similar size is the Sulphate Loss
to what happens when water freezes and forms Lower the loss, sounder is the aggregate
ice which has increased volume
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Polishing British
Frictional Resistance aggregate with
Pendulum
British wheel
Tester
(ASTM D 3319)
(ASTM E 303)
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Questions ?