Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BGP Fundamentals
BRKCRT-2601
Introduction to Virtualization
VRF-Lite
MPLS & BGP Free Core
Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
Conclusion
Q&A
Cisco Spark
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3 networks walk into a
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What is a VRF?
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Enterprise Network Virtualization
Key Building Blocks
Si
VRF
VRF
Global
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Device Partioning
Layer 2 vs. Layer 3 Virtualization
VRF VRF
VRF
Global
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Path Isolation
Functional Components
Per VRF:
Device virtualization Virtual Routing Table
Virtual Forwarding Table
Control plane virtualization
MPLS-VPN 802.1q
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VRF-Lite
What is VRF-Lite? Per VRF:
Functional Components Virtual Routing Table
Virtual Forwarding Table
WAN/Campus
VRF VRF
VRF VRF
VRF VRF
A VRF supports its own Routing Information Base (RIB) and Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
Leverages Virtual encapsulation for separation:
Ethernet/802.1Q, GRE, Frame Relay
Routing protocols are VRF aware
RIP/v2, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, static (per VRF)
Layer 3 interfaces can only belong to a single VRF
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VRF-Lite
Things to Remember
VLAN 10
VLAN 20
End-to-End segmentation is done on a per VRF
and per hop basis VLAN 11 VLAN 12
VLAN 21 VLAN 22
VLAN 14
VLAN 13
VLAN 24
VLAN 23
Labels are not required (i.e. MPLS)
VLAN 16
VLAN 15 VLAN 26
VLAN 25
Scaling should be limited to a small number of
VRFs
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VRF-Lite Per VRF:
Virtual Routing Table
Sub-interface Example Virtual Forwarding Table
Locally Significant
Lo1 R1 R2 Lo1
.1 .2
VLAN 12
VRF-R VRF-R
1.1.1.1 Lo2 VLAN 112 Lo2 2.2.2.2
VRF-E VRF-E
VLAN 212
VRF-O VRF-O
Lo3 .1 .2 Lo3
F0/0.X IGPs:
VLAN X
VRF-R = RIP
VLAN 114
VLAN 214
VLAN 223
VLAN 123
VLAN 14
VLAN 23
10.1.X.0/24
VRF-E = EIGRP
Sub-interface/VLAN/VRF Mapping
VRF-O = OSPF
.4 .3
Lo1 Lo1
VLAN 34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo2 VRF-E
VLAN 134
VRF-E Lo2 3.3.3.3
VLAN 234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo3 R4 R3 Lo3
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VRF-Lite Sub-interface Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-R
rd 1:1
interface FastEthernet0/0.12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-R
interface Loopback1
ip vrf forwarding VRF-R
ip vrf VRF-E
rd 2:2
interface FastEthernet0/0.112
ip vrf forwarding VRF-E
VRF
interface Loopback2
ip vrf forwarding VRF-E VRF
ip vrf VRF-O VRF
rd 3:3
interface FastEthernet0/0.212
ip vrf forwarding VRF-O
interface Loopback3
ip vrf forwarding VRF-O
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VRF-Lite Sub-interface Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review VRF Definition Example
vrf definition VRF-R
rd 1:1
address-family ipv4
interface FastEthernet0/0.12
vrf forwarding VRF-R
interface Loopback1
vrf forwarding VRF-R
interface Loopback3
vrf forwarding VRF-O
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Multiprotocol VRF Conversion Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
vrf upgrade-cli multi-af-mode {common-policies
| non-common-policies} [vrf vrf-name]
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VRF Aware RIP Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
Leverage what you already know!
router rip
version 2
network 1.0.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
router rip
!
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-R
network 1.0.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
version 2
exit-address-family
VRF
RIP leverages address-family ipv4 vrf ______
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VRF Aware EIGRP Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
Leverage what you already know!
router eigrp 10
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.112.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
router eigrp 10 (AS can be the same or different as one of the VRFs!!!)
auto-summary
!
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-E
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.112.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
autonomous-system 10
exit-address-family
VRF
EIGRP leverages address-family ipv4 vrf ______
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VRF Aware OSPF Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
Leverage what you already know!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 10.1.212.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
VRF
OSPF leverages vrf ______ after the unique
process number
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Live Exploration
No Sub-interface Support? No Problem!
GRE Example
VRF-Lite can also leverage GRE tunnels
Lo11 R1 R2 as a segmentation technology Lo1
.1 .2
Tunnel 12
Each VRF uses a unique GRE tunnel
VRF-R VRF-R
1.1.1.1 Lo12 Tunnel 112
Lo13 .1 .2 Lo13
Tunnel X
Tunnel 114 10.1.X.0/24
Tunnel 214
Tunnel 223
Tunnel 123
Tunnel 14
Tunnel 23
Tunnel/VRF Mapping
.4 .3
Lo11 Lo11
Tunnel 34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo12 VRF-E
Tunnel 134
VRF-E Lo12 3.3.3.3
Tunnel 234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo13 R4 R3 Lo13
Configuration Note: Each GRE Tunnel Could Require Unique Source/Destination IP (Platform Dependent)
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VRF-Lite Tunnel Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-S
Leverage what you already know!
rd 11:11
interface Tunnel12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-S
ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
tunnel source Loopback101
tunnel destination 22.22.22.22
ip vrf VRF-S
rd 22:22
VRF
interface Loopback102
ip address 22.22.22.22 255.255.255.255 (Global Routing Table)
interface Tunnel12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-S ip route vrf VRF-S 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.12.1
ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
tunnel source Loopback102
tunnel destination 11.11.11.11
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Layer 2 Serial Link? No Problem?
Back-to-Back Frame Relay Example
VRF-Lite can also leverage Frame Relay
Lo111 R1 R2 Sub-interfaces
Lo1
as a segmentation
.1 .2 technology
Serial1/0.12
Serial1/1.223
Serial1/1.123
Serial1/1.14
Serial1/1.23
10.1.X.0/24
FR VC/VRF Mapping
.4 .3
Lo111 Lo111
Serial1/0.34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo112 VRF-E
Serial1/0.134
VRF-E Lo112 3.3.3.3
Serial1/0.234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo113 R4 R3 Lo113
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VRF-Lite Back-to-Back Frame Relay Configuration
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-B
Leverage what you already know!
rd 111:111 router bgp 1
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-B
interface Serial1/0 neighbor 10.1.12.2 remote-as 2
encapsulation frame-relay neighbor 10.1.12.2 activate
no keepalive no synchronization
network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
Interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point exit-address-family
ip vrf forwarding VRF-B
ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
ip vrf VRF-B
rd 222:222
interface Serial1/0
encapsulation frame-relay VRF
no keepalive
router bgp 2
Interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-B
ip vrf forwarding VRF-B neighbor 10.1.12.1 remote-as 1
ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 neighbor 10.1.12.1 activate
frame-relay interface-dlci 201 no synchronization
network 2.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
exit-address-family
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Live Exploration
VRF-Lite
Summary
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MPLS & BGP Free Core
What Is MPLS?
Most
Painful
Learn
Study
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What Is MPLS?
Multi-Protocol: The ability to carry any payload
Multi
Have: IPv4, IPv6, Ethernet, ATM, FR
Protocol
Uses Labels to tell a node what to do with a
Label packet; separates forwarding (hop by hop
behavior) from routing (control plane)
Routing based on IPv4/IPv6 lookup.
Switching Everything else is label switching.
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MPLS
Component Overview
SP advertises CE routes to other CEs * Labels are not exchanged with the SP
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IP Routing
IGP vs. BGP
Exchange of IP routes for Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
Loopback Reachability In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix Iface Label Label Prefix Iface Label Label Prefix Iface Label
OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, etc. 10.2.1.1 F0/0 10.2.1.1 NA 10.2.1.1 F0/0
iBGP neighbor peering over IGP
transport
F0/0 10.2.1.1
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MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Setup with LDP
Assignment of Remote Labels
Local label mappings are sent to Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
connected nodes In Address Out Out
Label Prefix IfaceLabel
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix IfaceLabel Label Prefix IfaceLabel
- 2.2.2.2 F0/0 20 20 2.2.2.2 F0/0 30 30 10.2.1.1 F0/0 -
Receiving nodes update forwarding -
table
Out label
F0/0 10.2.1.1
F0/0 VRF
LDP label advertisement happens in F0/0 PE2
parallel (downstream unsolicited) PE1
P
Label Distribution
BGP Update:
Protocol (LDP) You Can Reach 10.2.1.1 Thru Me
(Downstream By routing towards 2.2.2.2
Allocation)
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MPLS Traffic Forwarding with LDP
Hop-by-hop Traffic Forwarding Using Labels
Ingress PE node adds label to Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
packet (push) Label Prefix IfaceLabel Label Prefix IfaceLabel Label Prefix IfaceLabel
- 2.2.2.2 F0/0 20 20 2.2.2.2 F0/0 30 30 10.2.1.1 F0/0 -
Via MPLS forwarding table
- -
Downstream P node uses label
for forwarding decision (swap) F0/0 10.2.1.1
Outgoing interface F0/0
PE2
VRF
F0/0
Out label PE1
P
Egress PE removes label and 10.2.1.1 Data 20 2.2.2.2 Data 30 2.2.2.2 Data 10.2.1.1 Data
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BGP Free Core
Component Overview
Site 1
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship Site 2
10.1.1.0/24 10.2.1.0/24
CE1 CE2
P1 P2
PE1 PE2
P3 P4
OSPF Area 0
Redistribute Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP IGP/Static Into BGP
End-to-End BGP and redistribution of routes into OSPF core not necessary!
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Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
Bringing It All Together
10.1.1.0/24 10.2.1.0/24
Site 1 Next-Hop=CE1
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
Next-Hop=CE2 Site 2
10.1.1.0/24 10.2.1.0/24
CE1 CE2
VRF VRF
10.2.1.0/24 P1 P2 10.1.1.0/24
Next-Hop=PE1 PE1 PE2 Next-Hop=PE2
P3 P4
OSPF Area 0
Redistribute Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP IGP/Static Into BGP
VRF A P1 P2 VRF A
PE1 PE2
Cust B Site 1 VRF B VRF B Cust B Site 2
10.1.1.0/24 P3 P4 10.2.1.0/24
CE1 OSPF Area 0 222:1:10.1.1.0/24 CE2
10.1.1.0/24 10.2.1.0/24
222:1:10.2.1.0/24
VPNv4 prefixes are the combination of a 64-bit RD and a 32-bit IPv4 prefix. VPNv4 prefixes are 96-bits in length
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Why are Route Targets Important?
Use Case VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
VRF A
VRF B
Cust A Site 1 Import 222:1 Cust A Site 2
Import 333:1 Import 111:1
10.1.1.0/24 Export 222:1 10.1.2.0/24
CE1 Import 444:1 CE1
Export 111:1
VRF A P1 P2 VRF B
PE1 PE2
Cust A Site 3 VRF C VRF D Cust A Site 4
10.1.3.0/24 VRF C P3 P4 10.1.4.0/24
CE1 VRF D
Import 111:1 OSPF Area 0 CE1
Import 111:1
Export 333:1
Export 444:1
Route Targets are a 64-bit value and are carried in BGP as an extended community
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MPLS VPN and MP-BGP
Command Line Interface (CLI) Review
CE
Customer 1 VRF VRF-1 P P VRF VRF-1
PE PE CE
EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, BGP, Static
VPN Backbone IGP
CE P CE
Customer 2 P
VRF VRF-2
VRF VRF-2
VRF Configuration (PE)
! PE Router Multiple VRFs MP-iBGP VPNv4
ip vrf VRF-1 MP-iBGP Configuration (PE) Label Exchange
! PE router
rd 65100:10
router bgp 65102
route-target import 65102:10
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
route-target export 65102:10
ip vrf VRF-2 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 65102
rd 65100:20 !
route-target import 65102:20 address-family vpnv4
route-target export 65102:20 neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate
! neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
Interface FastEthernet0/1.10 exit-address-family
ip vrf forwarding VRF-1 !
Interface FastEthernet0/1.20 address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-1
ip vrf forwarding VRF-2 redistribute rip
exit-address-family
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Live Exploration
MPLS VPN Technology Summary
MPLS VPN Connection Model
Global Address Space
CE P P
VPN 2 VRF Green PE
PE
EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, BGP, Static
VPN Backbone IGP
VPN 1 P P
VRF Blue
CE
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Continue Your Education
Demos in the Cisco campus
Walk-in Self-Paced Labs
Lunch & Learn
Meet the Engineer 1:1 meetings
Related sessions
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What Is MPLS?
Master
Share Practice
Learn
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Thank you
Live Exploration Diagrams
VRF-Lite Per VRF:
Virtual Routing Table
Sub-interface Example Virtual Forwarding Table
Locally Significant
Lo1 R1 R2 Lo1
.1 .2
VLAN 12
VRF-R VRF-R
1.1.1.1 Lo2 VLAN 112 Lo2 2.2.2.2
VRF-E VRF-E
VLAN 212
VRF-O VRF-O
Lo3 .1 .2 Lo3
E0/0.X IGPs:
VLAN X
VRF-R = RIP
VLAN 114
VLAN 214
VLAN 223
VLAN 123
VLAN 14
VLAN 23
10.1.X.0/24
VRF-E = EIGRP
Sub-interface/VLAN/VRF Mapping
VRF-O = OSPF
.4 .3
Lo1 Lo1
VLAN 34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo2 VRF-E
VLAN 134
VRF-E Lo2 3.3.3.3
VLAN 234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo3 R4 R3 Lo3
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No Sub-interface Support/No Problem
GRE Example
VRF Lite can also leverage GRE tunnels
Lo11 R1 R2 as a segmentation technology Lo1
.1 .2
Tunnel 12
Each VRF uses a unique GRE tunnel
VRF-R VRF-R
1.1.1.1 Lo12 Tunnel 112
Lo13 .1 .2 Lo13
Tunnel X
Tunnel 114 10.1.X.0/24
Tunnel 214
Tunnel 223
Tunnel 123
Tunnel 14
Tunnel 23
Tunnel/VRF Mapping
.4 .3
Lo11 Lo11
Tunnel 34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo12 VRF-E
Tunnel 134
VRF-E Lo12 3.3.3.3
Tunnel 234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo13 R4 R3 Lo13
Configuration Note: Each GRE Tunnel Could Require Unique Source/Destination IP (Platform Dependent)
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Layer 2 Serial Link/No Problem
Back-to-Back Frame Relay Example
VRF Lite can also leverage Frame Relay
Lo111 R1 R2 Sub-interfaces
Lo1
as a segmentation
.1 .2 technology
Serial1/0.12
Serial1/1.223
Serial1/1.123
Serial1/1.14
Serial1/1.23
10.1.X.0/24
FR VC/VRF Mapping
.4 .3
Lo111 Lo111
Serial1/0.34
VRF-R VRF-R
4.4.4.4 Lo112 VRF-E
Serial1/0.134
VRF-E Lo112 3.3.3.3
Serial1/0.234
VRF-O VRF-O
.4 .3
Lo113 R4 R3 Lo113
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Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
Bringing It All Together
R8
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Course Description Cisco Certification
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Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Configure, implement and troubleshoot local and wide-area IPv4 and IPv6 CCNA Routing & Switching
Part 2 (or combined) networks. Also available in self study eLearning format with Cisco Learning
Lab.
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Installation, configuration, and basic support of a branch network. Also CCENT Routing & Switching
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