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@. o, &ssY, H|D_e~ b~ \H $u>+, j>, q &.

E-mail: srija.a@nic.in

jq 2017 @| 11
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Hd{ |t mH$T >Y, q &. E-mail: pradeep@iegindia.org

14 jq 2017 @|
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HsTT. <X+ sT<>+, n_e~
ksTT\MT< L& $<H\ m+|
=+es <s|& +T+~.
<X+ n_e~ #+~q<, d+|Ps b~
\ q < > Z s +& , =~ e T+~
sT<>T\ eyT eT<d d]bjT
d +f d+eT $<H\y|
m e> y T T> T Z # | > \ < T . ,
b]X$T_e~ sTD<X +&,
|+ n~X+ |\T |P] b~
< u<jT b~ysq |+
keTs d++~ n+X\| me>
<w k]+#* +T+~. n<$<+>
m> T eT T \bT $< o |
|T & T \qT ] +# + < T n~
b<q+ # d# ] eed\Tq
<X ||+# m>TeT $|DT\
b{ | & > * > e T ] X
keTs eT]+ |+# T y*
+T+~. n+<Te\ n$ L& deTs
n+X n~ beTTK+ y*
+T+~.
||+#+H n|< jedT
m>TeT<sT> q #HqT b*dTq~
] |jH\ |]sD <jT+>
$s $ +q e Td T b .
nsTTq|{ ]X keTs+, |P]
< \k<q|s+> yd$
] $<H\qT <X+ nqTd]dT+
jq 2017 @|
& + > e THs + . ] e T D , < X q d k s TT =
<> +<q\ \+|Tq, $<T ek\TH <<| +{ ]
s+ < \+#>=+&q+ e+{ re # { neT\T HsTT. ]
n e TD\ b\& XX eed\T \|&=B j <X\T eT
<>T\HH =\+#+<T n& ] # { \ qT eT]+ | +
#{\T nqTeTksTT. B #XsTT. < eTT+<T>H =\+#
eTTdbjT |+<+ <>*# | + n & T e] | ~q+H{
| < +& y T > B s yq+ deq+> y] ddT
=qk+#b >+|\ yq+ @&~ H \ J + e+ T q
#*+#*q neds+ <T. @<H d+d >+|\ yq+ #*+# <X\T
< < sVD|s+> (\ |&T #+ #XsTT. nsTT, y]
|q]sD+, ybs+ be&+ < ddT (< 20 @) \+ $T+
m> T eT $| D & T <=& T \e\ +& ~ >]w+> 8 qT+ 12 H\\
Z + | ) re +< T \T J deq+> eyT +&*.
m<Ts=+Tq |+ >DjT d+K d+>|PsY #+ |s+ eT&H
<>T\qT =\+#+<TL nqTeT e +{ | <
+~. nsTT , n+{ ~ @< H j T $T T \j T y] < y T H s
nedsyT d+ HeTT+<T> ksTT |#dy] >+|\ yq+
H{dT e&+bT @&~ ddT #*+#qs<T. nH sT dj
H\ J+ e+Tq >+|\ yq+ <X\ H\\=B yq+ deqyTq
#*+#* +T+~. n> eTD u yTT bV+ (uqdt) +<
sV+ < re |< b\& # * + # d + | < j T + L & +~.
=\+| q > T s q ys T $TqV nsTT, ~ ds+> d<sT d+d
e>+> =\+# <>T\L > u<jTq, s# ]\
# * + #*. m> T eT | j T e > | u eT+ q +q
eT+& ] # { \ T eT]+ eTT&|& +T+~. ~ ]\ eT<
d s + > +& . .. j eH\ dVs <sD |+b+~+#&yT>
cqTks+ jeT, <dq\ d+d deTs+>, k|> q&#+<T
|P] V*ksTT. m>TeTT\ n~ <V<|& T T+~.
n, y $ < + d + nH sb < X L &
k\u + < c H > $< o | +{ # { HsTT (sb
|T & T \ s D d y T +{ =\T sb+~q ] sD #+
$< H\T n & neT\e T HsTT. qT+# \ e T+ s T d j
y T T + MT< e T D > \ , d e Ts <X\T j #{\qT nqTe]+|CdT
]X sb+~+#&+ #{\T HsTT). nsTT , sb < X \T
dVjT|&TTHsTT. eT]+ n_ e ~ # + ~q$ > q T
sT, >jd +&H sT<> deTd # e e&+
wj, <jYT+&, eTwj, yH, ] #{\T =+yTs <>T\
< D =]j e+{ nH s m e nqT L \+> +{sTT.
15
nsTTq| { ] \ e T D
sV +, nd e Ts < s V D
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Z + #* se& + e+{ re
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L & # { n~ X +
nqTeTksTT. us<X+ nqTd]dTq
#{\T 19e X+ _H (UK)
sb+~qy >, <X+ neT\T
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@ |]dT\ =\+#e#Tq+f: (i)
=\+| q d e TT s D \T
q| & T ( ii) y T s bs < s
dVT |jT neT\eT+~.
# + + < < T (5) s D \qT
<> T \ =\+| q d e TT y T
q$> |]>DksT. (i) neds+H
n~+ (s u<\T < s
| |<X+ <>T\T neds
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nd e Ts (| rs T d e Td \T <
$< T \T s ] + # nX ) ( iv )
#< u< u+>+ *+#
<> + =qk+| (< ns
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\yTq sD+ eTs<H q|&T.
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L& =\+|>H |]>DksT. ,
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ddT @&~ ys| J+
e+Tq >]w+> 3 H\\ yH
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+< #*+# $<q+ neT\T +~.
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n_ e ~ # + ~qy nsTTH` y{
16
n~ <jT+, d+|Ps ke H|<+ <>T\ =\+| n&
u < eed > \ < X \T L & n + ns T < . , XX
sT<>T\ deTT u L& b~ *dTH ] deTs,
n+<CdT+&+ >eTHs+. es> <\qT ds+> sV+#&+
>eT+#*q n+XyT$T+f... ] bH q<q |qT \uT+~.
s D +< q \ s | + > \ n d+d u<jT <s+> 3`4 H\\
#{\q j <X ] sT\T J d e qy T q bV \qT
< <sdH\<s eyT neT\T n+<CjT&+ n& dsk<sD+.
#ksT. n+<Te\ usY> +& B+bT < e> |uqT
(100 eT+~ <>T\Tq d+d ] L & +< T b| ~ >
=\+#\H | u T nqTeT |]>D+#&+ |]b{. <s d+d
rd T y* nsTT , ] d + | \ u < j T ] \ L y{
es |<q ujT+ dV+>H \_+#&+, <qT>TD+> ]\
, @ s j T Hj T & +< T bT d+d L& deTs+> |#jT&+
n+^]+#&T) <X+ ] #{\ k< eTesTT.
nqT>TD+>H <>T\qT =\+ usY e+{ eseq... u
qT j d+d\T sT\qT |+#* sT<>, *<> dq+>\ <X+
+T+~. nyT] ]w ] ] d + e T $< H\y | y T T> T Z
d + | T | +<\T neT\T +& , #|&+ =+ XssyT. yTs
y{ wsT\qT b{+#* +f d+|T{ s+>+ ]\ d+
| j eH\T c q Tks + | | + # + H n + s D
<>T\qT =\+#+<T (m+{ # { \ qT neT\T# k + ~. s T <>
>+|\ yq+ #*+#+&!) n& d e Td es e q < X L &
] #{\T nqTeTksTT. nsTT, +{ | ] d | + # < T . f
<X+ #> |#d ke u< usY d\ (z @&~ n+H
eed neT\T +& +bT e) ns sjT ee~ (buwH)
s T <> ] \ @&~bT s <> + XX e Te T +~.
JequbT nedsyT n<q| d + d q T q& | & + d e Ts j T +
D L& *ksT. bsTTH <>T\qT =\+#+<T
bH B |P]> _qyTq | u T nqTeT \_ + # & + ns T <
]q ] #{\T+&+ eTs bs+. (] d+|\ >V @ sjT
s +& | | + # j T T< + s Hj T & s T & T > q T ) .
| q]sD+ k> T T q =* |uTs+> <>T\ y] |u,
d+es\ n& +|\| |uT |rsT $T+ +&H J
& +<T d>+ sD+. n> y] |+| jT<$~> kbT+~.
k] <>+ #] J$++ w + | # j T & , keTs +
=qk> <X| d+|<jT+ eTs y T s T > T bV + nH <
d > + s D +. ] # { \ T, |*+> < HD |+,
d+|<jT+ |<q b bwdTq n~ < s \ T, m> T eT T \ D
jq 2017 @|
<]rk + ~. n+eT+> ~ d \ eTDqT L& sdT+~. <s m+H +~. yTs +< |s=q
<>eX\T, e y H \T, b]X$Ty\T ]\qT jT$T+#T sT dj ] deTs |+|
n~ sT< sDeTe+~. e& yTT>TZ#|sT. n+eT+> $<H\qT eTq <X+ e]+|CdTy*.
<qT, deTsqT |D+> |{... n~ y>e+yTq e~ L&q b~ $< + > b~ \ q, yd e
n+< T H eTq k s TT n_ e ~ & T \q, yH\ <V<|&TT+~. y H \ e~ k~ + # & + <s
deTsTq \~ jTTe <>\ bH nqTd]dTq ds yq $<H usrjT ]\ Bs* d+e
d + m< T s T # d T q | ] d T \ =]j, yH, eTwj, d+>|PsY yTsT>T|s# *:
+{ sD duH nq~ eTq+ L & neT\T # d T H sTT. + |\ (1) ]\ deTT <> u<
s #&*q neds+ +~. #H, u<jT| =+yTs <s|& yd y > T ] d H y]
sT dj, usY\ |]dT\qT <>T\ bV\T e&+e\ $j+#Te&+ jeH
| ] o*d n + s D ] ys T eT]+ u< j T T + >, \ y d T \TuT * +#*.
$< H\T ] \ Bs * dVs+> eeV]+# neX+ eTqT> & k+# d + d \ qT
|jH\T *+#&+H me> +T+~. bV+ (|ywqT ssTTr\ b|~q =qk+#&+
y] V #kjT \T+~. ] dV) |rsTqT eTT&|&+e\ | Bs\+ u]+# k<+<q~
<qT <rd, edTe\ <s\T <^ q keTs q dw+. b{ m<Ts=H eT+
|s>& $<H\T sDeTe bV+ b+<T&T. bH sV k+ | qs ed s D <
sTT. e~ && m>TeT >DjT <> u< q <Xq Z + #* se& + e+{
$|DT\ eTq T\T b{|& ksTT bV\qT neT\T #jT&eTq~ |]dT\Tq|&T eqe D+
$ e&+ m>TeTT\T DksTT. eT |rsTqT s&TT+~. es>, <>T\ <dq |*+<T
*+> < e~ ~>Hd\ sT dj <X\ eT ]\ d + d \ qT nqTeT+#*. n<
& y T > b~ \ q L & < k<sD ne>Vq, D se\qT d e Tj T + $< T \T d ] >
+T+~. s + > y T s T > T | s # & + ys T s]+#, <Twesq b\&
sT dj <X ] eT]+ < q T k~ + # + < T <> T \qT =\+# & +
#{\T k<sD+> deTs, ds ] &&+~. jCeH =+ d#y*.
$j> eT<#$> +{sTT. #H, bHdV sT dj <d q | j T < T ]j > +
# < X \T | X + b]X$T < X \ n + e T D , +& # & + u > + >
d++<\T>\ yesD+ +&$<+> d]<jT, ds>\ dT ] =\+| d s D y T q d < s T
# k s TT. < q T> T D+> d y T X dw+#&+ d|\eTjsTT. d+d\T HjTkH s|+#
|\T|# eTT+<T d#+<, s+< , us<X+ deTs, d+eT+ |deT |< nqTd]+#
eT<e] M\T> |XeTq ee~ (s D ) \ q& T eT d e T + e# T . <+bT <d q
(<<| H \ ) n & # { \ T b{+# sD+> deTs+X\ neTeT *q|+ n<q|
sksTT. { <X dyT\T, | d \ | e < s D y | qw| ] Vs+ < ] jT$T+#
d + _ + # & + e+{ $ # ns T < T . CsTTHsTT. deTs |+| \+ (eT w j s V ) +< q
n+ +& <d q # * + | s T d j < X \T k~ + q $~+#e#T. n |]dT\q
(d d T \+ @&~ H \ J + e~HH n+<Te&+ usY>\ | P ] <> u < e\ ]
e+Tq) #j* q|{ d+d\T $_ q #] , ke H | < + eTDqT sV+#&+ #
] \qT =\+# V * nes<+> +&=#T. nsTTq|{ w+ e&yT> ]\ d]
+{sTT. $< q+ ] ]X deTsqT yTsT>T|]# ~X> q+ < L& <+
$j>+ dsbT ]\ <X+ q+ w #j*q neds+ T+~.

jq 2017 @| 17
(2) < =\+| M\T \ b<q$Ty*. +<T yTT<{ n_ e ~ | s # +& ] eqs T \
ee~ 240 sE\ qT+ n+X+ Bs\+ dTds ] eed $|y #|syTq C+
eT& |+#*. + |\ e~ n+ eX+. n> | nk<+. n+<T# us |uT+
u < j T (] \T, ]& \d] u eT\<q+ |]XeT\qT d+| |s#& ]
yTHs) y{ *+# bH n+< T uTqT |+#*. < o j T + # { = +< q \qT d e ]+#
sV ds yq |<, eT+ >H> $<ojT+>q b<T|qT, * |jT =qk+#+&
| rs T < s + > | y w H |T&T\qT bV+# $<H\T eTT+<T> ] n+X\ | CrjT
e& |yX|{*. ]\T +<T u>+> +{sTT. $<q eed| @_bjT k<q ~X>
eT H|D yTsT>T|s#T, ] $<q+ n+X\qT <w k]+#*. > 20 @ nH
<qT |+#&+ eT]+ #=| +# & + <s u s ] X n<jTH\T, d+|~+|\T, d+dsD\T
dV]+# bV\T> e keTs >DjT+> |+#e#T. n< ]q+< T q y{<s T \+< ]
<V < | & sTT. u s Y e+{ deTjT+ m>TeT b<q, ] | j H\ b< + * d . .
<X+ <> u<\qT \yTq deTs b]X$T $<H\ XD B CrjT ] $<H sb+~+#&+
d+|<jT+> eT\, <qT * | b~ \ q e~ d T \u s y T ne T +~. n T q
|+# eT+, s j T +>q <dTbe&yT> <>T\ \d] {y T f & j eed
y < j > es Z + > B yd e y q + L & |] $T* n_e~#+<TTq H|<+ <X+
|]>D+ #e#T. | j H\T d ~ k s TT. m> T eT sT<> |sT>T<\qT <w |T=
(3) eT]+ dsyTq ] $<H\ b<q b]X$TsD ~X> usY us |uT+ qq neX\qT
eTq+ | j > + # j *. < |{ nH d+dsD\qT |yX|{q dw+#&+ |d].yT H +&j
VsD m>TeTT\ |]eD+ H|<+ ] d+dsD\<sq | { s D j T |T & T \qT
|sT>T<\, deTs`ds ] > D j T \_ b +< > \ d +~. s&+ bs+_+q|{ n+<TqT
X neds+ ~X> m>TeT |jT b~ \q, <>T\ d>T yde >TD+> j s+>+ <>\T
eT+& $<H\qT neT\T#d s q e~ s | + < X |s>&+<T. qT us |uT+
# & e # T . eTq+ $< o | d+dsD\ \_ deTLsTT+~. n~ X + j T Te | P ] X
|T & T \qT ] +# + < T L keTs\ dys+>+ |y+#
|=dT+~. m>TeT eT+& 10e |J sTysTT... <> neX\ \q| <w |{*.
b~ neX\ dw y>+ |+E ] d+dsD\T : dy... q $< L&q dMT e D
e& + e\ eT]+ keTs + neX\T <s B k~+#*. jeH\
b| ~ > > \ ] # { \ | n<T #+ sh |uT\ <s+ # <|& >TseTHeTq ujT+
] \T, ] d + | \> \ y*. sh |uT\T +< #{ +& n+ H|D+ >\ jTTe
u j +< q \T | X $ T+# nqsTT+| # d T e# T < k j, dys+> |ydH ]
M\T+T+~. b<q\, =~b{ esT\ < d+dsD\ ndq ns+, |ses+
sV #{\qT #Te#T. |> @s&sTT. ] #{ esT\
(4) ]\qT eT]+ <+>
Te+{ #+ <Xy|+> d+|T{, ~X> us |uT+ {e\ #|{q
eT\# + < T M\T> y]
nd+|T{ s+>\ ]\+<] # s \T k> +# < qy nsTTH..
ne>Vq, D yTsT>T ~X>
$< + > neT\T] H n~ d e Ts keTs \ |+| <s ] X
eT]+ w neds+. |\\+<]
e+yTq #+ neT+~. k~ s d e q b< q+
10e s > r s q T d
*+#&+ <s m+H neds+.
$<s > s s TT+# & + bT $d b| ~ L & q
e $ < D eT]+ deT>yTq CrjT ] $<H

18 jq 2017 @|
 eTV\ u>keT+
eTV <>T\T
| yd+

eTV\ b~ : dVjT qq X

eTV <>T\ u>keT X+ deTjT+ ~ =+#+ njeTj

( WPR) n e> q < X \ <]rd+~. 2004-05 eTV
us<X+ {. | | K+&+, <>T\ u>keT sT 28.2 X+
eT< b# <X\ # <X\ +f +&> - n~ 2011-12 21.7
L& ~ e> +~. |sTw\ X k]> |&bsTT+~. ~
u>keT X+ +f ~ # e n|{ =qk>TTq d+u+ |
( ILO, 2016) . eTV <> T \ |ue+ #|+~. >TZ<\ -
$$< |uT \T mH b~ eTV <> T \ u > k eT s T
u > k eT s T $w j ed -
\H |< \T #| & + <s sH, bkH, kB ns_j dV - |s+> #d - 2010 83 <X\
- eTV\ b~, | e\+ = <X\T eyT - us 68e kq+ q us<X+-2012
|]d T \qT yTsT>T|s# & + < X + f n< q+> HsTT. 87 < X \ 84 e k H
d+ rdTq #s \T, 2013 <D dj sT e\+ bZ sTT+~.
$<H\ m+ #] +~. 30.5 X + > +& > - # eTV b~ b&\ T, qeTH\T :
eTV\qT djT+ b~ b+\T, <X sT |]qT >D+ $<q+ due,
]\T> r]~<& + - q&T+~. nsTT us <X+ n+sZ+> = deTd\T, +<T\T
deTjT+ rdTq eTTKyTq k]> >Z&+ - <D dj HsTT. n+f eTV\ || $es\T
#s {. nd+|T { sT u> |&bsTT+~. ]_e~ deT>+>, dw+> e. nsTTq|{,
s+>+ eTV b]X$T n~+> q deTjT+ - eTV $es\T b&\T, qeTH\ deT>
y\ , $d yT q es{ nsd X+, $< qy<T X+ dsb *jTCksTT. 1990-2000
eT< d++<\qT $d] +#&+ kqT L \+> |s T > T T q| { - qT+ 2004-2005 eT< \+
ds sD |u e+ |j H\qT eTV b~ dy\T>H +& eTV b~ =+ yTs e~ #+~qT
eTV\ #sT e #j \H bsTT+~. eTTK+> eTV >+B q&T+~. deTjT+ eTV\
<X + #s rdTe&+ CrjT >MTD b~ VMT |<+ u>keT sT dTesT> eT&T X+
]+~. (MGNREGS) e+{ u ksTT >MTD |]+~. 2004-2005 esL eyT
b~ s e \qT bs + _ + # e~ q & + ~. eTV \

mH, djTsY | (b|dsY), eTV\ n_e~ n<jTq d+d, q &.

E-mail: neethapillai@gmail.com

jq 2017 @| 19
d++~+q s |s> $sT<+> eTV \ T | P ] d e Tj T + b~ s+>\ >T]+ $d+>
- s ~ eT]+> ZqT bZq bTHsT. yTT+ eTV #dqsTT 2011-12 eekjT
q&T+~. | bZH sT e\+ ] nTe+{ nqT+< ]\ s+>+ 62.3 X+ eTV\T b~
eTV e> +&yT +& - d+K 2011-12 L& <<| 22 b+<>, nqT+< s+>+ e\+
|D eTV ~ \&> +&>, X + +~. nqT+< ] \T, <<| > 20 X + eTs~, de\
>MTD eTV ~ > D j T +> |<q ]\T - s+&T esZq s + > + 18 X + eT+~ b~
|&b sTT+~. >TZ<\qT >T]+q|{ - |<q b+<sT. nqT+< s+>+ $wj
ed \+ #d | { sD
|{ 1 : |sTw\T, eTV - | bZH sT b&\T - UPSS s + > + eTV \ w |]+~.
s+&T yTT+ >MTD b++ |D b++ eekjT s+> d+u+ e\ <q
|sT w\T eTV\T |sT w\T eTV\T |sT w\T eTV\T # eT+~ ]\T - dssD
1993-1994 54.4 28.3 55.3 32.8 52.1 15.5 nq+s deTjT+ ]jT md{
1999-2000 52.7 25.4 53.1 29.9 51.8 13.9 H\=q n_e~ <V<|&q sD
2004-2005 54.7 28.2 54.6 32.7 54.9 16.6 s+>+, < d++<yTq |qT\ d+
2007-2008 55.0 24.6 54.8 28.9 55.4 13.8 |sT>T\T rXsT. H|<+ s
2009-2010 54.6 22.5 54.7 26.1 54.3 13.8 >MTD, |D b+\ m+ e<
2011-2012 54.4 21.7 54.3 24.8 54.6 14.7 e\d bsTTq +{ |qT\T #d y]
eT\+ : CrjT qeTH ds $es\T, $$< s+&T $es\qT >T]+, |P]> qy<T#jT
&eTsTT+~. T {\ e+{ y{
] e ed n ~ yd e ] H ~ m e> +~. k<sD |qT\T #d =+ eT+~ re
yH\ kqTL\ <jT |ue+, eTV\ u>keT+ me> q XeT <|& >TsTHsT. n|\
$< se\ kqTL\ |*\T - n & T > T esZ - $w j T + LsT bsTT, TTD ud >Ts -
eTV \ b~ > Z & | < q m e> | u $ y T q T ke +{s nBq+ eT J$\qT,
sD\T> kV+ #|+#sT. +<\ $XwD <s \Tk+~ (, XeTqT <sbdTHsT. me] yq+
nsTT , $< s + > + eTV \ 2014). y] e+& C& (+ <
u>keT+ |s>&+ , T++ |{ 2 : $d b]X$T $u> ]\ $uq - 1999-2000 qT+
yde <jT+ |sT>T<\ 2011-2012 es
u >TZ<\ sD\qT $e]+#
|]XeT 1999-2000 2004-05 2011-12
bTHsTT. |#d eTV me
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20 jq 2017 @|
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22 jq 2017 @|
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<sT\T, Xj _w\T | e# yk\| eT d+<V \T, d#q\T, d+<qqT
K\T, `yTsTT (yojana_telugu@yahoo.co.in), {sY
(@TeluguYojana)\ <s *jT#jT >\sT. jq HDqT eT]+ yTsT>T
|s# & MT d+<q e m+ |] dT+ ~.
The Editor,
Yojana (Telugu), Room No. 205,
Second Floor, CGO Towers;
Kavadiguda, Hyderabad - 500 080. ` m&sY, jq

24 jq 2017 @|
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E-mail: helensekar@gmail.com

jq 2017 @| 25
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E-mail: Rnath@vigyanprasar.gov.in

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E-mail: rajanala.bk@gmail.com

44 jq 2017 @|
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E-mail: santoshmeh@gmail.com

jq 2017 @| 47
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ksTT e$< DqT 2005 qT+ $< ddt qT |P]> myd yTs w <s+> | ~ @sT
<X+ >MTD |D b+\ & k<sD &{ <T\qT+# keTT #XsT. +<T d+u~+q _\TqT sh
+& n+<sT $<sT\ |P]> {sTT+#\|uT+ u$dTq~. eT+ esZ+ y~++~.
+ > n+< C d T H s T . n+ > 2. |uTBq+ <T\ sVD ds |+#q $wjT+ L&
>MTD b+\qT+ |D\ e rsT |\e+> +T+&> <T\
| u T + eTs eTT+< & > T y d + ~.
D b+< |<$<sT\ ed KsT\ | < s | & X$T D
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=> |qT $~+ CrjT D ~ |]>D+#*q n+X+. <X | < e] + | # j \ | u T +
@sT # j T & + | = $eTs \T Crj T D d + d < T \ s s TT++~. | E sTT+sY
edTHsTT. sVD u sV |y{ s. 1,939.93 T {sTT+#sT.
d+d\ u>keT+ *+#e#T. s dseT |<\ d+> b
1. ] e +< + e\ > =~ jTT\T dV $$< esZ\ deTT
d+es\T> |T&T\T Zb = s + > d + +~ + q
| ] X e T\T d + +~ D <T\qT {sTT+#sT. @
Tq sTD+ |&T => eTs
s e \d + | < T \ D+ qT+ # d H \ +>D
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m<Tse\d edT+< |]XeT\T
js+> |DTq =+<sT d\ qT\ d+eTyT \+> +~.
esdTHsTT. ~es b<$T
$< ddt +&> {e\ q | e\ <s+ <T\
$< ddt yXs, |&T k+ sVD d++~+q usT\qT
D d+ eTs |qT b]X$T @sT #jT e#T.
d#q
jq #+<<sT\ | H {, s+&e B s+#qT> y] d+ bdT y[bT+~. me]H
n+<b y] bdTeHqT ds|~+ sTHeqT d]#dTy*. d+ n+< b jq u<
eV+#<T. s<T s |Ts\, f*bH d+uwD\ neX+<T. >eT+#>\sT.
` djTsY m&sY
jq 2017 @| 49
 ] k~s
kqTL\ |ue+

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u$T, sT, |#<q+ e+{ b e+< | ~H\qT *+#&yT \+>

eqs T \qT $k s + >, Bs * + > 7, d|+sY, 2005 eTV>+B
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|<]+, sT<>+ |s>&+ k>T ||+#+H n |< |C
$ds+ ZbsTT, eekjT ]\ |qT\ |<+> ]sT dw++~.
d+K |s>& <] rd+~. 1981 @&~ e+< sE\ | VMT
] es|H , e\d\ 7.08 $T*j T qT q eekj T # #+ C qT\ +qT
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u> qT $Xw D 70 X e TT+f , 2001 H{ 82 ~X> ]|q |]X<q =
y\& + ~. |sT>TTq X |]+~. d e Td qT n+ s \qT + ~ $< + > e& +
|<]+, sT<> & n~ > $ T+# & K y T q # s \T ]+~.
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sD+> eekjT L\ yq+
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|C+ ne>Vq |+# >+B CrjT >MTD b~ VMT deTjT+ L\ \u Z+<?
|<+ L& {> +~. | ]
$<+ > +&*. * b~ & >Tsq e\d|
d + e s + < X + >MTD
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b+ | T+u d+>
+<?
jTT. VeT+Y esY, nkdjT{ b|dsY, CrjT >MTD_e~ d+d, V<su<.
E-mail: hemanthakumar2010@gmail.com
_. dTC, |]X< dVjT\T, CrjT >MTD_e~ d+d, V<su<.
E-mail: bottugalla.sujatha@gmail.com

50 jq 2017 @|
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sc m+| #dT=q >e eTs\& =* <X >T]d, n<
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n< j T q+ d + 50 qeTHqT nqTd + < qy T +{sTT. s +& T
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|< n<jTq+ #jT&+ d+ & dV jT|&sTT.
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sT |T {d\ <HeT] 50 e\d\T eT]jTT b~ VMT |< +
d+>yT T] |yT > sTy\ 50 T+u ] e nH

jq 2017 @| 51
sD\THsTT. b~ VMT |<+
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yH\ #*+| C|+ sD+>
u> &e+& q|{ b~ VMT
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Crj T b~ V MT | < + + <
sT>TTq |qT yH\ #*+| sD+> yH\T #*+#&+ <T.
<sYqT nqTd+<+q =* sh+
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| # d T q s s \ T # T T Hs T . +T+~.
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n< s nsTT b~ |<+ myTsY q +&H |sT
neT\T #dTq <>T deTqjT +&&+ eTs sDeTe+~.
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| + f + & my T sY |
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d+ +{+{ ds #jTbe&+,
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dMT sb\ $T, |<+ b <=s b + | P sY
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]|q n<jTH\ |s+ d\+ |#dq ]& yq+ n+<<T.
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#jTbe&+: yH\ C_ <
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& L\qT b~ VMT |<+ # j T q| & T my T sY q
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jq 2017 @|
yH \T #*+ | |P] +& $es\qT myTmdt d]>Z qy<T b+<C\&T. B+bT, { H
myTmdt |< s<T #jT &+: #jT&+ neds+. #\TuT me u+ n+T q ]&
|P] nsTTq |qT\ d+KqT n+{ H + sY qy < T # d H <sY nqTd+<q+ $+ deTd\T
|+#\ eT+XK qT+ |< |< #*+|\T sks >TsesTT. m<TsjT neX+ L& +~.
< X \T y [ H , =ks T k nsTT | & T n+{ $es\qT b~ sT qT+ ]& |sT
sV\T n+<] yH\T #*+#s d]#dT=H neX+ +&&+, #*+|\ =\+#&+ :
|P]> s]+#T+&H mmdt d + y H \ C_qT eTsk] y q *jT+&H
|< #seT ^+ b&sT. k] sb+~+#&+ k<yTH <+ m\ Cu s T q |s T
| < # s e T ^ + b& , $dT>+# dTBs |jT e&+ =\+ +f n|&T myTsY
my T mdt my T sY qT+ e\+ =+ e T+~ b~ V MT ]& |sT qy<T #jT&+ k<+
nf+&H $es\qT qy<T #jT&+ sV\T eyT $wjT+ X< < T . +{ =\+| \ | \ T
k<+ <T < sd]+q m|t{z #|dTHsT. < +&, y sD\T+{sTT. <VsD, mmdt
y<M\qT ] jsT #jT&+ M\T qy<T nsTTq n+{ H+sY ys=] <sY q+sY < b{ n|t&
| & < T . | < \qT sh k s TT #+~q<q|&T, n|&T yH\T #jTq|&T ]\ |sT =\+#
my T mdt H <s e y T e n+{ eT nesTT. |&T neX + +~ < |
|q:|bs+_+#&+ sT>TT+~. n+{ eT nsTTq yH\qT ] d + +~ + | ] $T d + KH
|<\ #seT ^+ b&&+ b+<&+ L& |< deTd> jse ] \qT rd T y* eq| & T
yH\T #*+|\T s>be&+| T+~. L& sT>TT+~.
>MTD_e~ XK |\T |s<T\T myTmdt | &T <sY q+sY ] e s { , e\d \ T,
n+<TTHsTT. qy<T e&+: yH\| djT+ dVjT +<\
u+, bk|d T n+{ +& b~ VMT |<+ ]\ | u e+, b | & e +&
|#jT &+: yH\qT <sY <s+> #*+#\ d w + # & + , | q T\T # s TT+# & + ,
+< |uT+ qT+ sh |uT\| | q T\qT > T ] + # & + , b~ V MT
2008 HsT> q><T #*+|\ | < q s \ m+| ,
rey T q & +{+~.
n\yTqT u+\T < bk|dT\ sV\T eTTksTT< ejT |{
$<q+ #*+|\ |jH\| +
<s #*+#& es&+ ]+~. dw sy* q H|<+ +<T jsT #jT&+, |qT\T |]$T d<+
n|{ qT+ u+ < bk|dT L& = deTd\THsTT. mmdt #jT&+, m+ eT+~ ]\T neds+
n+{ ] \ y H \T ] & < sY H + sY | > nes >TD+#&+, j |qT\
# * + # b T Hs T . nsTT qy<e, <sY <s+> ]| d++~+q n+#H\T sb+~+
deTdqT sTy \+ CrjT #*+| ]&T < ]s\T #&+, L\ <jT ej\ j
b~ V MT | < + sV \T q yq+ b+<sT. u > k eT+, bC d e y X
n~ > $ T+#s T . bk | d T , u+ bZq&+, eTdsY C_ |s+ |qT\T
n+{ y] | q T\T e& + ds q n+{ < <sY # | & + , k s TT ned s y T q
eHjT&+ deTd # es nqTd+<q+ e&+: k s \qT * +# & + d j T +
|]csyT+< #b*. ]& <sY H+sY d]>H
mmdt qy < T nsTTH < sY dVjT +<\T \ b bwksTT.
myTmdt ds q n+{ H+sY <] #*+|\ n~ f d]b<T. e L&Tq e\d\qT |&+,
qy<T be&+: < sY H + sY mmdt | > eekj T , eekj T s s + >
u+ < bk|dT n+{ qy < q n+{ H + sY yH\qT |u$+ #jT&+ djT+
{ +f e+ d]b<T. n+{ nqTd+<qyT ]&T q yq+ dVjT +<\T |ue+ dw+>
+T+~.
jq 2017 @| 53
eTV\T, ] dMT+: ne>Vq < *+~. b~ |<q+> yH\ #*+|
eTV \ T e > + >q, VMT |<+ >T]+ $ksyTq \k sDeTesTT. M{
+<\T>q u+ n+T * ne>VH se\T sV+# bT, k+ nqTue sV+
+&&+ sD+> y] ] ksTT be&yT B sD+> >T]+#&+ L& eTs sD+> +&&+,
|s T > T T +~. my T mdt | + < ]+~. n+#H\qT sb+~+#&+, _\T\T
j s T # j T & + # s D
s j X > eeV ]+# & + * ke F\qT e T+
deTd\T> HsTT. B+bT,
k< eTe T +~. X+| >e |+& sV+#be&+
d\+> ] es{| eTV ] B bj | j q+ pj T sY +s T , k+
k\+u q $k s y T q | u y < q& + | C | j q+ d V j T \T # | f | q T\
#|++~. ]\ es{| b~ L& Hsys&+ <T. B+bT, |]eD eT+ |+& dsq
VMT |<+ |ue+ HeTe+> s |eD\ |s+ ke >D+#bTHsT. |qT\
q|{ e\d\qT Z+#&+ yH\ F\T s V +# b e& + | ] eD+ $T + +&H
usks\ X n$T+> |+#&+ |*\T +q $<+> se&+ ]\+<s |P]ksTT yq+
e+ \ b bw++~. <T. ksTT q+ |#s+ b+<*. # * + | Cb\T,
eTT+|: be&+ L& B sD+> b\qT d]~<&, n+<]
#b*. n+<TuT +& j++>
] e s | H , e\d \ sb+~+#*.
Z + | q b~ V MT | < + * +q | * \ , k~ + q
& eTs d s y T q
| u e+ HeTe + > q| { $j\ eT< n+sj
yH\ |+| u> qT >D+ q < T \ {sTT+| n+X y T ++f , b~ | < +
dV $XwD y\&+~. $u>\ be&eT sD+> +, myTmdt| nqTd+<qyTq | #
<s s+&T X+| sc b~ eTsy | , nH < X < T \T kqTL\ |ue+ |++~. CrjT
VMT |<+ |sT>TTq |<]+, s T | j > + +& & + bT, b~ V MT | < e s + #
sT<> & #d ksTT < sc \ T, bC neT\T # d k+|T+> \+> q +{sT,
\Tk+~. b~ VMT |<+ |ue+ @C\T q <T\qT b>T eT< <\ #s qT+ L\T jT
e> +& & nH H #dTe&+ eTs sD+> #b*. |&& eTV djT+ dVjT
#sD deTd\T sD+> HsTT. +<\T dVjT |&&+ |< $jT+>
* | s < T \ | ] cs j T ++> +
u $+#*. ] k~ s , ]
* b~ VMT #+ |s+ eT]jTT \+> b e& + < d ] >
dMT+ nq$ *+> deq,
u s | u T + es Z < s \ | # j T be& + eTs s D +>
k~sqT k~+#&+ \+>
| s + d s b\qT u$+#* edT+~. dsq |#s+
+{sTT. rd T q s +& T X+|
b~ VMT |< b#Ts+ be&+ |+ |qT\T d+
sc $d k s TT k+| T ,
* +# s V d >MTD #dysT, |<\ jT++>+
sjT s+> ] k~s
b+, k<sD |C+ n+<TuT +&&+ <T.
qT+ HjT+ es djT+ dVjT
ne>Vq |+# $<+> +&*. |< eT]+> bs<s+>
+<\T \ b eV +# & +
m& b~ VMT |<+ >T]+ es&, eT]+ |ue++>
>eTHs+.
dsq ne>Vq < >T]ks neT\T #d jT++>+ neds+
n & + | # s b< q m+H +~.
y*. sc s T |< * # d q | q T\ n+# H \qT
\_<sT\ |<+ >T]+ dsq s b+~+# & + b

54 jq 2017 @|
 e\d ]\T
d+eT+

CrjT e\d $<q+ y|> n&T>T\T

n+sZ <ojT e\d\ d++~+ V\ |]sD ne>Vq |+<+

eTq <X $<q+ n+ <T. d V | \ T sw | u T \T e\d
, n+{ $<q+ neds+ e+ ]\ V\ |]sD rdTq
+~. n+sZ e\d $<q+ e\q #s +<T <sq+. ]w
yd neds\T, ] |jH\T #+ n+ @B bsTTH |
< | | \ ~ e+{ nH d+es+ \~ eT+~ ]\T
d e Td \ | ] cs + \_ d T + ~. sw + b+ + qT+ eTs
us bsT\T <X+ m& H + e s eTq < X + e\d \ b+ < sh+ qT+ eTs
y e#TqT, m&H yd+ d + +~ + q @< H # + , $< q+ sc XX+> < *+>
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E-mail: chandra@igidr.ac.in

jq 2017 @| 55
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58 jq 2017 @|
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