PURE SUBSTANCES

VS.
MIXTURES
PENTONEY 2016
 WHAT IS A PURE SUBSTANCE?

A pure substance is a classification of matter that includes elements, molecules and

compounds

Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation, filtration,

or sifting.
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Pure substance:
1. Element
2. Molecule
3. Compound

Not one of those? NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE!

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SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT:
One or more of the same type of atom.

Ex: N N2

Both of these examples are called an element as we only have the element Nitrogen (N) and
nothing else.
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
COMPOUND:
Two or more atoms chemically combined, at least one is different.

Ex: CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) NaCl (salt)

Both of these examples are types of compounds.

 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES

MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms chemically combined.

Ex: N2 N3 H2O
 *CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES

Ex: N2 N3

(The first 2 examples of a molecule are more specifically called an

Element because they are made up of only 1Type of atom.)
 *CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES

Ex: H2O

(This 3RD example is also a molecule, as it has 2 or more atoms

combined. But a more specific name for this type of molecule, is a
compound. )
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES

The words ELEMENT and COMPOUND are specific types of

molecules.
 *ALL OF THE BOXES BELOW SHOW AN
EXAMPLE OF A PURE SUBSTANCE

ELEMENT (C) MOLECULE (O2) COMPOUND (CO2)

 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCES
Examples of pure substances:
Salt (NaCl)
Sugar
H2O (Water)
C6H12O6 (Glucose = Sugar)
ELEMENTS (like gold, silver, oxygen, nitrogenany on the periodic
table)
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE

MIXTURE: two or more pure substances thrown together. All

substances keep their own identities.

*Example: When I mix sugar and water, I get the mixture sugar-water. The sugar still
has its own identity (it is sweet), the water still has its own identity (its still water).
Nothing new is created, and both can be separated physically (boiling).
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
There are two types of mixtures:
1. Homogenous
2. Heterogeneous
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SUBSTANCE
Homogenous Mixture: Evenly mixed mixture

Examples:
Milk
Air (a mixture of gases you breath in)
Soda
Juice
 WHAT IS A HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE?

A mixture that is evenly distributed

Commonly called solutions.
Solution = Solute + Solvent
Solute: stuff being dissolved
Solvent: stuff doing the dissolving

The solvent is present in greater quantity

The solute is present in the lesser quantity

Ex: Salt water: Salt = solute, Water = solvent

 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE

Heterogeneous Mixture: Unevenly mixed mixture.

Example:
Salad
Legos
Cookie dough ice-cream
Chicken noodle soup
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE

ALL MIXTURES ARE PHYSICALLY COMBINED AND

CAN BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED.
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE
Ways to physically separate a mixture:

Boiling: evaporates liquid

Sifting: Picking out pieces (like in cookies dough ice-cream =) )
Filtering: Just like a pool filter, it takes out unwanted things.
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SUBSTANCE
What is the biggest differences between a mixture and a pure substance?

Mixtures Pure substance

Are physically mixed Chemically combined
together (bonded)
Can be physically Must be chemically
separated separated
 CLASSIFYING MATTER

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Elements Compounds
milk, tea Rocky Road ice
Molecules cream, muddy
water
Fe, O
Fe2 H2O, CO2
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 1:
Which substance is not a compound?
a. Ne c. SiO2
b. HCN d. H2O2
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 1:
Which substance is not a compound?
a. Ne c. SiO2
b. HCN d. H2O2
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 2:
The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described as
a. inseparable c. chemically bonded
b. evenly mixed d. unevenly mixed
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 2:
The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described as
a. inseparable c. chemically bonded
b. evenly mixed d. unevenly mixed
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 3:
Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way to
separate this mixture?
A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
B. Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 3:
Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way to
separate this mixture?
A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
B. Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 4:
A substance contains two components joined by physical means. Which
best describes the substance?
A. element
B. compound
C. mixture
D. molecule
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 4:
A substance contains two components joined by physical means. Which
best describes the substance?
A. element
B. compound
C. mixture
D. molecule
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 5:
Which best describes water?
A. a compound
B. an element
C. a heterogeneous mixture
D. a homogeneous mixture
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW
Question 5:
Which best describes water?
A. a compound
B. an element
C. a heterogeneous mixture
D. a homogeneous mixture
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW

Question 6:
Which image below is a mixture?
A B C D
 CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
SUBSTANCE REVIEW

Question 6:
Which image below is a mixture?
A B C D

Element Compound molecule mixture of elements +

compounds