Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Thesis proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice
University of Cebu
Cebu City
In partial Fulfillment
Of the requirements of the Degree of
Bachelor if science in Criminology
By
EDISON J. VILLARBA
October 2017
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale Study
Philippine Mining Service Corporation mines and processes dolomite and limestone. The
company was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in Cebu City, the Philippines. Philippine Mining
Of the 30 million hectares total land area of the country, about a third or nine million hectares
have been identified as having high mineral potential, and nearly four percent of these lands (1.14
million hectares as of Jan. 2012) are covered with mining tenements. These areas are still subject to
mandatory relinquishment provided under the law, the MGB said. It simply means there are still
furious and bloody struggles over these lands that the government has approved for mining. Over half
of these lands are ancestral domains of indigenous tribes in the Philippines, the Katribu Partylist said.
Militarization is happening over these lands such that cases of human rights violations ranging from
forced evacuation, harassments and massacres of locals opposing mining operations are being
reported.The Philippines metal deposit is estimated at 21.5 billion metric tons and non- metallic
minerals are at 19.3 billion metric tons, as of 2012.According to MGB, there are 236,000 workers in
the mining industry in 2016. The mining industrys contribution to the countrys GDP is at 0.6%
in 2016. The contribution of minerals and mineral products to the countrys total exports is at 4% and
0.3% for non-metallic mineral manufacturers in 2016Mining tax is low at 2% for metallic and non-
metallic minerals. During the Aquino administration, amining reform bill was drafted to increase
revenues of the government. In the bill, companies will either pay 10% tax on gross revenues or 45% to
55% tax on adjusted mining revenues plus a percentage of windfall profit, whichever is higher. As
of August 2016, mining companies have already committed P13.1 billion for the development of their
host and neighboring communities under their Social Development and Management Programs, the
MGB reported. The Philippines is the fifth most mineral-rich country in the world for gold, nickel,
copper, and chromite. It is home to the largest copper-gold deposit in the world. The Mines and
Geosciences Bureau has estimated that the country has an estimated $840 billion worth of untapped
This topic Public Views on the Philippine Mining Service Cooperation in Pugalo, Alcoy, Cebu.
To know how the people react about in the Mining in Pugalo, Alcoy, Cebu, how they work from
Mining and to know the effect of this situation. And to know the disadvantages and advantages in this
This study is anchor by Gordon Boyce and Jeremy Mouat on July 6, 2005. They study about the
Introductions of the Mining Industries, like the mining industry in the Philippines is controversial again
after Environment Secretary Gina Lopez ordered the closure of about 23 mining operations and
cancellation of a total of 75 mineral production sharing agreements (MPSAs) in watersheds earlier this
year.
This issue appears as the worlds mining industry is booming, with minerals fetching record
prices and takeover activity increasing. The rise of China and India as major markets for minerals of all
types invites reflection upon how patterns of trade and investment shifted at times in the past when new
emerging countries became significant forces in the world economy. The current surge in acquisition by
foreign companies raises concern for economic sovereignty and brings questions of identity to the fore.
These issues remind us of the global nature of the mining industry, a characteristic that dates from the
mid-nineteenth century gold rushes around the Pacific Rim, events that were facilitated by significant
Despite minings global reach, the industry tended to develop in particular ways, adapting to
unique contexts. And as the example of the gold rushes suggests, mining was always a complex process
involving far more than simply the removal of a particular mineral or ore from the ground. Some of
that complexity is hinted at in the following questions: How was the price of a particular base or
precious metal determined? What legal structures determined who could engage in mining? What sort
of secondary treatment was necessary before the metal could be won from the ore? What investments
would prove attractive to those who became wealthy from mining? None of these questions had a
Broken Hill. Silvers price declined steeply once India closed its mints, and the American government
followed with the repeal of the Sherman Act, events far removed from western New South Wales.1
Similarly, the question of minings legal structure reveals linkages that crossed oceans and linked
continents. New South Wales regulatory regime for gold mining, for example, reflected the English
doctrine of the Royal Metals, a doctrine that came with the English to the colony, tucked in among their
various pieces of cultural and legal baggage, although the regulations that were devised to govern gold
mining were also informed by the precedent of the California gold rush and by existing regulations for
managing the colonys extensive Crown lands.2 Questions of secondary treatment became the subject
of newspaper headlines during the World War I when Australias lead/zinc concentrates vital for the
The abundance of minerals also provides a method of creating wealth. Minerals can be
marketed on the open market,enabling the countries that possess them to obtain valuable currency from
countries that do not. This generally results in the minerals-rich countries being the great civilizations
of the world while the have-not countries generally suffer from a lower standard of living n a
particular mineral,that is,to create an economic cartel in that mineral. In 1973,the Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) attempted to control oil prices in a bold maneuver to obtain
windfall profits from the oil they produced. Although successful in the short run,the cartel eventually
lost effectiveness because of increased oil production elsewhere and difficulty in controlling their own
member countries. For a few years,OPEC was successful at regulating petroleum prices in an awesome
display of the value of possessing and producing some of the worlds most valuable minerals. Other
cartels have likewise been attempted. However,the greater freedom in international trade now makes
This study axis to investigate the Public views of the Philippine Mining Service Cooperation in
Pugalo, Alcoy, Cebu. Based on the the findings of the study, an elaboration plan will be proposed.
1. What is the most severe experiences encountered by workers in the Philippine Mining
Greetings!
May you share your time to accomplish the survey questionnaire? Confidentially
EDISON J. VILLARBA
researcher
1. As a citizen of this country, what can you say about POLICE BRUTALITY.
4. On your own views, what are the actions needed to prevent police brutality?