Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXAM
SKILLS
Proficiency
Longman
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world
Acknowledgements
Edited and designed by Gecko Ltd
Photo acknowledgements
We are grateful to the following for their permission to
reproduce copyright photographs: Camera Press for
58 top left; Colorsport for 58 bottom right and
Rex Features for 58 top right.
CONTENTS MAP
Section Page
Paper 4 - Listening
m^m^ groups
three or four sections making up a total of 25-30 items. Unlike the First
Certificate, there is no set format for the different tasks. They could take the
form of:
multiple choice questions
true-false questions
. . * - " *
by giving one mark for each correct answer. Each candidate's raw score is
converted to a final score out of a total of 20 marks.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking TaacfeMjSg Bpflfc
Paper 5 - Interview
kmartnd by awarding marks out of five for each of these six areas.
The raw score out of 30 is adjusted to a final score out of a total of 4 0
marks.
Recording vocabulary
Proficiency students can very usefully spend time recording and revising vocabulary at home.
This assists them with all aspects of exam preparation, not just paper 5. Many learners, however,
are not sure how best to go about this, so you can do this the first time together in class.
Example: recording vocabulary by topic
1 Put this blank chart on the board
health and medicine
2 Ask learners to go through the unit, adding vocabulary they find in the correct section.
3 The completed chart could be:
health and medicine
Pronunciation
In total, pronunciation makes up one third of the marks in the Proficiency interview. Some common
pronunciation errors are highlighted in the unit-by-unit notes.
However, as pronunciation errors tend to be particular to individual students, it is not possible to
predict which areas will cause most difficulty. The following ideas may take up a little more time in
class, but will pay dividends in making learners more aware of their pronunciation of individual
sounds and of complete sentences.
Play selected sentences from listening passages in Proficiency Listening & Speaking and ask the
students to repeat them, reproducing the sounds and intonation patterns as closely as possible. You
could even record the students' pronunciation of the target sentence for them to compare and
correct against the original.
Record students talking in the classroom while carrying out any^of the tasks in the Speaking
sections of this book. Two to three minutes per student should be a sufficient sample. Play the
recording back to let them hear and analyse their typical intonation patterns and/or pronunciation
difficulties. Provide a correct pronunciation model for them to practise on their own. This could be
done two or three times in the school year.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
Listening 2, page 5
Man and the environment
Answer key
1 Orange County, Osceola County, Volusia County
2 Orange County, Osceola County, Volusia County
Listening A 3 Orange County
4 Orange County, Osceola County
5 Orange County
Before you listen
6 Orange County, Volusia County
Answer key 7 -
1 b 2d 3a 4c 8 Osceola County
9 -
Listening 1, page 4
Listening 2 - Tapescript
Answer key
\ The news bulletin you heard in Listening 1 continues.
a a past participle of a verb 4 5, a figure 2, an
adjective describing geographical location 3, ; Local correspondent Well, the scene here in central
a service or organisation 6, a day or date 1, Florida is one of total devastation. T h r o u g h o u t the
a noun relating to people 7 disaster-stricken area, trees have b e e n
u p r o o t e d and p o w e r lines d o w n e d . Here in
b 1 Monday (or Monday morning) 2 200 : Orange County, three people have died and about
3 central 4 died 5 injured 6 Weather Service ; 100 mobile h o m e s a n d an a p a r t m e n t complex
7 local residents have b e e n severely damaged or destroyed. In
t Winter Garden, a suburb of Orlando, the rrtnf of a
convenience store was ripped off and several
Background information cars in t h e p a r k i n g lot t h r o w n skyward by the
A tornado and a hurricane are both violent winds. A ; force of the wind. Luckily, however, the three
tornado, however, is characterised by the circular movement theme p a r k s in the county -Walt Disney World,
of its funnel-shaped centre. Universal Studios Florida and Sea World - have all
escaped damafie. The death toll has been heaviest
in neighbouring Osceola County - so far twenty-
Listening 1 - Tapescript : five deaths have been reported. Many of the victims
; You will hear part of a radio news bulletin about a natural were residents of a campsite near Kissimmee which
I disaster in Florida. " has n o w been reduced to n o t h i n g b u t rubble.
Announcer Severe storms ripped across Florida in the : Also near Kissimmee, a 27-store s h o p p i n g centre
J early hours of Monday morning, stirring u p has b e e n t o r n to pieces, leaving only the facade
; deadly tornadoes that knocked out power and J standing. A woman up in Volusia C o u n t y had a
; damaged or destroyed scores of buildings. It is : lucky escape - she heard the tornado approaching
: estimated that some of the t o r n a d o e s h a d w i n d and ran next door for safety. Unfortunately, her
; speeds close to 200 miles per hour, which ' boyfriend refused to join her. She was gone for just
represents an intensity of f3 on the six-point Fujitsa three minutes when the tornado struck, destroying
; Tornado Intensity Scale. The areas affected, all in I their mobile h o m e and killing her boyfriend.
* central Florida, are Seminole County, Osceola : Meanwhile in Seminole County ... (fade)
County, Orange County and Volusia County. Reports
; are still coming in of casualties, but current Before you listen
estimates place the death toll at at least 36
: people alid another 21KJ are believed to have Answer key
; sustained injuries. Although the National
1 e 2a 3b 4c 5d
" Weather Service issued tornado-watch
; warnings o n Sunday evening, by the time these
* had been upgraded to full-scale tornado warnings
J many Florida residents had already gone to bed. Listening 3, page 5
; Ironically, Monday was to have been the start of
Florida Hazardous Weather Awareness Week, an Answer key
* event which would have included a state-wide 1 December 2 three to seven years
; tornado drill. Instead, local residents a n d 3 higher (or warmer or about ten degrees higher)
' emergency-management officials find 4 from east to west 5 Eastern
; themselves facing an e n o r m o u s clean-up
operation. Now, we'll go over to our correspondent 6 arid conditions or droughts
l in Orlando, Florida for an on-the-spot report on the 7 Guano 8 anchovies
tornado damage.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
* " *
Proficiency Listening and Speaking TaacnarVtlMft
I
incidence of asWma among children who live in areas
with a lot of traffic, very few people realise that noise
Speaking B
I can be almost as damaging. I myself only realised
it when my doctor discovered I had very high
I Wood pressure.
Photographs
"- Presenter Indeed. : Answer key
Ms Kerr I'd never suffered from that before and, as c They are all environmental problems which have
I far as I knew, was under no more stress than been caused by man.
; usual. Luckily, my doctor questioned me
about changes in my environment. I mentioned
". that construction work had started a few months
; before on a new supermarket opposite my house and
Discussion points
; since then I'd been living with the continuous noise of_
Suggested answers
: bulldozers and other heavy machinery.
2
: Presenter Nasty! C'bttl ,t(oU.2-dS
traffic
Ms Kerr The doctor said that was_probably the
source of the problem and indeed, once the members of the public - use public transport instead
: construction work was over, my blood pressure of driving, use bicycles, campaign for the reduction
gradually dropped to a more normal level. of car traffic in towns
: Presenter What other health problems are caused by governments - ban car traffic in town centres, reduce
noise? car traffic in town centres by means of the
alternating number plate system (Athens) or by
Ms Kerr Well, depression is a common problem, imposing tolls (Singapore), build more car parks on
especially when long-term exposure to noise the outskirts of towns, improve public transport,
is combined with other stressful factors such increase road taxes and petrol prices
as job or relationship problems. And one study
done by researchers in Dusseldorf showed that there
forest fires
was a higher incidence of premature and underweight
babies among mothers who lived near airports. members of the. public - be more careful about
disposing of cigarettes, be more careful about
Presenter Airports?.
extinguishing cainp fires
Ms Kerr Then, of course, frequent exposure to noise, say
governments - impose harsher penalties for arson,
eighty to ninety decibels for six hours a day, can
appoint more forest wardens
result in deafness in the long term.
Presenter What is an acceptable noise level? rubbish * - ^ * }
Ms Kerr Well, that varies very much from person to members of the public - recycle more rubbish,
person. Some sensitive people start to suffer at levels campaign for recycling schemes and facilities,
as low as thirty-five decibels. Others actually enjoy the dispose of used household goods in dc^gnated areas
noise level at a rock concert, though of course that's only __ te&^ltMaidC.
for a limited period only. The World Health
governments -Oct:upjXnorc recycling schemes and
Organisation recommends maximum levels of fifty-five
facilities, impose^harsher penalties lor dumping
decibels in residential areas. But, in practice, many city-
rubbish TTTcgallv
dwellers are subjected to much higher levels than that.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
everyone has his or her opinion about what Alec Well, it's not something that we planned,
I you should do. I've been used to making my ; you know. We didn't sit d o w n one day and
\ o w n decisions since I left home and started say, 'Let's try a spot of role reversal!'. Right
: my first job at eighteen and I resent other from the start of our marriage eight years ago, it was
; people getting involved in my business unless clear that Penny was the ambitious one - she was
I specifically ask for help and advice. But the the one w h o did overtime if there was work
other side of the coin is that if you need practical ', still to be done, while Tw^s strirtly p niqe to
; help, it's always available. I five guy. And she took special marketing classes and
: Interviewer Such as ... ? exams in her spare time in order to work her way up
: the company ladder, while I wanted to keep my
I Kathy Well, I work part-time as a hotel receptionist and
I spare time for my friends, and our daughter
', my schedule changes every week, which would
' once she was born. Then I was made redundant
make finding a childminder virtually
; three years ago. I spent six months slogging around
" impossible if I lived in Britain. But here, if
lookingJQr_a new job and getting more and more
Dimitris is at work too, I just take our son
I "oppressed until one day Penny pointed out that
upstairs to his grandmother or across the hall
; we didn't actually need two salaries, so why
to his aunt, and they're happy to babysit until
didn't I take over running the home. The very
o n e of us gets home. I really appreciate that. I
: next day we paid off the cleaning lady and gave
think the system works well for old people, too.
notice to the childmindex_and I've never looked back
: Dimitris' brother's mother-in-law moved in with them
since.
I several years ago when her husband died. She's quite
old, well over eighty, and she suffers a lot of pain Presenter So, you enjoy what you're doing?
: from arthritis, but she still cooks lunch for them all ; Alec Enormously, yes! OK, vacuum-cleaning's not a lot
every day. I was a bit shocked at that when I first of fun, but I get great pleasure out of planning and
' came here. I thought, you know, that they were ', cooking our meals - I've always been a bit of an
: exploiting her, but now I think that's actually ; amateur chef - and going shopping in a leisurely
what keeps her going. She feels she's doing fashion instead of racing round a supermarket in the
"something usetul for the~farn~flv. that she's ' after-work rush. But the best thing is the chance to
really needed and that gives her the will to ; spend more time with my daughter - she's just
; _ live. Sometimes I think about my own grandmother, I turned four, and she's very good company, so we
: who spent the last five years of her life in a nursing i have lots of fun together.
; home. All she ever wanted to do was go back home Presenter Penny, how about you? H o w has having
; again, but that wasn't possible as she was too ill to : Alec at home affected your life?
; cope alone. Mum and Dad were at work all day and
Penny Very positively. As Alec said, we used to pay
: I was at school, so we couldn't have her at our
; for a cleaning lady and a childminder and they did
] house. At the time I thought the situation was
their jobs well enough, but it wasn't the same.
I perfectly normal, but now, when I see the way things
Nowadays, if I have to stay late at work or go
I are here, I feel really sad to remember that.
away on a business trip, I do so in the
complete confidence that our daughter and
Listening 3, page 13 our house are in safe hands.
5 Presenter What about the thorny issue of money? Does
Answer key ; that present any problems?
1 Penny 2 Neither 3 Alec 4 Alec 5 Penny 6 Both Penny Well, I pay the mortgage and the bills, like
7 Penny 8 Neither 9 Alec : the phone and electricity, then I leave a float
: of cash for Alec for the shopping, petrol and
so on. I make sure he's always got plenty to
Listening 3 - Tapescript : hand, so he doesn't have to come and ask me,
". You will hear a radio programme in which a couple discuss which might be embarrassing for him.
; their unusual relationship. ; Presenter And you, Alec? Did you find it difficult to get
'. Presenter And now for our weekly spot on relationships. I used to the idea of Penny as the breadwinner?
; In the studio today we have Alec and Penny Stewart. ; Alec Not really. You see, she's always earned
Penny is a marketing manager with a more than me, so I got over any male pride
; computer company and Alec, a former bank '. about money and earning power a long time
; clerk, is what w e might call a 'househusband'. ; ago. But it does rile me a bit when friends
* I'll be asking them about their relationship then, as make jokes about me being ^pkept manpAfter
t usual, there'll be time for you to phone in with your ; all, it's not as if I sat around doing nothing all day, or
questions for the couple at the end of the um...
* programme. Let's start with you, Alec. I hope you : Penny ... or painting his toenails and waiting for me to
; didn't mind me referring to you as a 'househusband'. come home! Yes, it's true that other men seem to feel
'. Alec Not at all. It's the best word I know to describe my threatened by how we live, while most women think
; role in our family. I cook, I clean, I do the shopping, ; it's great. In fact, my female colleagues are jealous of
collect our daughter from nursery school and so on - me - they're run off their feet trying to manage a
" all the things a traditional housewife does, so why I career, a home and a family.
not call me a househusband? Presenter One more question from me, then we're going
; Presenter Fine. So how did it come about that Penny C to open up the phone lines. Penny, what do you
* became the breadwinner and you took on the think... (fade)
> household duties ? '
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teaca*Er8)ftaJif
very well then, he should go on trial. But it's not Listening 3, page 17
for other people to take the law into their own
hands, like this MLF, or whatever you call them. Answer key
Derek It's ALF - Animal Liberation Front. 1 1000 2 their mothers sit on them (or their
Mike Right. And this latest episode shows just how hare- mothers squash them or they are squashed)
brained they are - they call themselves animal 3 their natural habitat 4 poaching 5 an egg cell
lovers, but most of those newly-liberated mink will 6 an adult tell 7 a host mother 8 a different
get shot by farmers protecting their own animals, species 9 276 attempts 10 restoring the panda's
and those that aren't shot will kill off a few hundred natural habitat
other innocent animals into the bargain. It's
madness!
Derek Well, when you put it that way, I suppose you've Background information
got a point... Oh, look, it's nearly nine already. I'd Dolly the Sheep: the first mammal to be successfully cloned
better go or I'll be late for football practice. Will you _frpjTi_an adult cell in 1997 by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues
be coming down the pub?... of the. Roslin Institute, near Edinburgh.
and the first one is exploited three times. This is because this should be doing in our schools and
is the first listening passage in the book to deal with rather universities is to encourage inventiveness,
abstract and complex issues and so the learners are led more creativity and original thinking - these are the
gradually towards the final exam-style task. traits that will be needed to cope with life in the
twenty-first century. At the moment all we're
Answer key doing is churning out obedient conformists
who've succeeded in getting bits of paper.
a 1 Anne. Quentin 2 Quentin, Phil 3 Anne
4 Anne 5 Quentin, Phil 6 Phil Presenter Phil, you look as if you wanted to comment
on something Quentin just said.
b 7 the aims of education 8 exams and
qualifications 9 literacy Phil Yes, indeed. I agree that creativity and
c 10 B 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 D originality are important, but not at the expense r /
of basic skills, such as literacy. I am aghast at the
low standard of literacy displayed by many
students at the university where I lecture.
Listening 1 - Tapescript About a third of my students have to attend remedial
J You will hear a radio debate on education. classes because they can't spell properly or construct
Presenter Good evening and welcome to our weekly a grammatically correct sentence. Frequently their
I debate. Our topic this evening is 'Education Today' writing skills are so bad that they are incapable of
; and we have three guests with us - Anne Tanner, a producing an essay - instead they present a list of
I former secondary school teacher w h o returned to bulleted points and hope to get away with it. And,
; university as an undergraduate last year; Phil no matter how creative and original the ideas
might be, if a student is unable to put those . f,
J North, a disillusioned university lecturer; and
ideas across coherently, in speech or in i k0[k)/>/3rfi)hr/()
I Quentin Lewis, a psychologist specialising in children
: with learning difficulties. Anne, you've seen education writing, then he or she" does not deserve to be
from both sides of the fence, as it were, so let's start described as a well-educated person.
: with you. What do you see as the main problems in ', Anne Hear, hear!
: education in Britain today? * Phil Nor do I agree with Quentin's contention that we
; Anne Well, as everyone knows, there's been a lot of focus too much on qualifications nowadays. In fact,
discussion in recent years about the university entrance requirements are much
curriculum, discipline in schools and so on. " more lenient than they used to be - some
: But, in my view, that's putting the cart before the university courses are prepared to accept
I horse and concentrating on details instead of dealing * students without any A-levels at all; that would
with the key, underlying problem, which is have been unthinkable twenty years ago.
: that we no longer have an ideal model of Presenter Well, perhaps we could go back to the point
; what an educated person should be and : that Anne made earlier about... (fade)
therefore of what our education system
should be aiming to achieve.
Listening 2, page 21
I Presenter Mmm... perhaps you could elaborate on that
idea a little.
Answer key
: Anne Well, up until about the end of the 1960s everyone
; was fairly clear about what it meant to be well- IT 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T
' educated: not only did an educated person 6T7T8T9F10T
I k n o w his or her subject thoroughly and have
an understanding of method and a desire to
", seek knowledge for its o w n sake, but he or Listening 2 - Tapescript
: she was also articulate, tolerant and well- : You will hear a conversation between two women, Elaine
" mannered. Now this concept was swept away as \ and Jane. They are discussing the school that Jane's
: being elitist after the student revolution of 1968. : daughter, Patricia, goes to.
I Presenter Right. ; Elaine How's Patricia getting on at her new school,
; Anne But nothing has really appeared to fill the gap; the : Jane? Are you pleased with the choice you made?
J current emphasis in Britain on education being a Jane I'm absolutely delighted. They use something
means of developing skills is too narrow and they call a 'personal review scheme' there -
commercially-based - it implies that a qualified it's like the appraisal schemes they use in
plumber is as well educated as a university professor. j management nowadays. Do you know the type
: In fact, nowadays people bend over backwards to ; of thing I mean?
avoid being seen as 'too' educated.
: Elaine Well, being self-employed, I haven't experienced a
: Presenter Right, now, Quentin, what do you feel about scheme like that, but my husband has an appraisal at
I the current emphasis on skills development? work every year - he sets targets with his boss, they
I Quentin Well, like Anne, I feel that the aim of discuss achievements over the last year, that sort of
I education in Britain is too narrow nowadays. thing.
: I also think that there's far too much focus on Jane Yes, that's exactly the kind of thing they do at
r passing exams and gaining qualifications. In Patricia's school too, but in their case it's twice a
: fact, exams do nothing but test a candidate's ability year. Each pupil gets a report and then has an
; to please the examiner - intellect and knowledge individual consultation with her form teacher
have nothing to do with the process. What we in which they talk about her strengths and
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Tsacher'a Book
Interviewer Perfect. So, I don't know if you've heard, I school students. For example, the latest statistics
but one state in Germany has granted sixteen and : show that nearly 72 percent of tenth-graders
seventeen-year-olds the right to vote in local elections. ; (that's 15 and 16-year-olds) have tried alcohol
Boy 1 Oh no, I hadn't heard that. It's brilliant! j at least once in their lives and just over 60
; percent have smoked tobacco, compared to only
Interviewer So, what we'd like to know is if you think
; 42 percent who've tried marijuana and slightly
that's a good idea, and if it should be introduced
I less than 6 percent who've ever taken Ecstasy.
here too.
; Accordingly, the programme we've
Boy 1 I think it's great. I mean, there are loads of implemented in our schools over the las^twp -
decisions that are taken at municipal level %JD
; decades covers not only illicit drugs, but also the
that affect young people - things like banning or ; use of alcohol and tobacco. During that period,
allowing open-air concerts in parks, creating : we've identified which strategies work and which are
pedestrian areas in town centres and so on, so it's ; largely ineffective. Nowadays we've developed a six-
absolutely right that we should have a say in who ^ point curriculum which seems to be getting positive
gets on to the town council to make those decisions. : results, at least as far as drug abuse is concerned - in
Interviewer OK. And you? ; 1997 the use of illicit drugs leveled off; this
Girl I don't know really. My Mum and Dad argue was the first year that didn't show a rise since
about politics all the time but the topic leaves I 1991.
m e pretty cold - it's all about taxes and boring
things like that. There's time enough to think Listening 3, page 25
about those sorts of things when you're
older. Answer key
Boy 2 I don't agree at all. You're never too young to I T 2T 3T 4 I- 5 I- 6T 7T 8F 9T
take an interest in politics. After all, it's our
future that's at stake, isn't it?
Interviewer Right. So my next question is: Would you
exercise your vote if you had a chance to do so now Listening 3 - Tapescript
in local elections? : The lecture you heard in Listening 2 continues. During
Boy 2 Definitely. ; this extract the speaker uses the term ATOD to refer
Girl I might do. But I wouldn't really know which was collectively to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
the best candidate to vote for. ; Speaker So, the six-point programme covers these areas.
Boy 1 Oh, come off it! Don't you watch television or I First, normative education - in other words, by
listen to the radio? There's no excuse nowadays ; means of student surveys and opinion polls we help
for ignorance - there are hundreds of youth students realise that substance abuse is not the norm
programmes that discuss important political ", among teenagers. Students generally over-
issues, at national and local level. Or maybe : estimate the numbers of their peers w h o are
you just follow the pop music and fashion using alcohol, tobacco or other drugs - ATOD
programmes. I for short - and so it's easy for them to be pressured
into doing so themselves by thejnyth that everyone /
; Girl How dare you! Anyway, it's one thing to get your
opinions pre-packaged from a radio or TV
does it. Next w^belrvl em developyocial and
communication skills - this is especially important for'
yW h
programme, and quite another to develop them younger teenagers. Around the time of puberty,
based on your own experience. I don't feel I've they face big changes in their social
been out on my o w n in the world enough yet interactions, both with peers and with adults,
; to have strong opinions about lots of issues, and this can lead to communication
and I'm sure plenty of my friends would feel problems. Another very important area is learning
the same. to recognise social influences - for example the
Interviewer Ehm, coming back to my question of would ways that advertising, role models and peer
: you vote... what about you? group attitudes can promote ATOD use. Next,
J Boy 1 Yes, definitely. And the sooner the better. what we call perceived risk of harm. In other words,
if young people believe that by using a
; Interviewer OK. Thank you all for your participation. certain drug or substance they risk harming
themselves, the chances of them taking it
Listening 2, page 24 decrease. And so this part of the programme
focuses on explaining the short-term and long-term
Answer key consequences of ATOD use; it is important here
that the information comes from a credible
1 15 to 16 year-olds 2 nearly 72 3 just over 60
source and does not use over-dramatic scare
4 4 2 S slightly less than 6 6 20 7 1991 8 1996 tactics, a strategy which was used in earlier
ATOD programmes but proved to be
ineffective. The fifth area is that of protective
Listening 2 - Tapescript factors; in other words, supporting young people by
: You will hear part of a lecture about substance abuse helping them to realise their potential in life, to set
among high school students in America. goals, and to make friendships with positive peers -
; Speaker Although it is drug abuse that generally causes anything that builds up self-esteem and a~
most concern to parents, alcohol and cigarettes are in positive view of life. Finally, we teach them refusal
fact far more frequently used by American high skills - the art of saying 'no' when offered
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
I to finish work pretty late too and my husband and will also be internal windows opening onto
; children were getting more and more upset about it, the central atrium, as illustrated in this cross-
so I thought something had to change. John and I section drawing here. When the windows are
.putijur headjsjogether and decided we could share opened on both sides, a natural cooling
; my job between us. Luckily I had a boss who was breeze will flow across the working areas. In
much more flexible than John's and, after some addition, for very hot and sultry days, we
I initial reservations, he was keen on the idea plan to incorporate large vents in the atrium
; of two happy employees rather than one roof which can be opened to allow hot air to
irascible over-worked one. escape.
Presenter How do you divide your working hours Now let's look at the ground floor plan. The
between you? shaded areas on the plan represent office
| Gaye I do mornings, we overlap for about half an hour areas - as you requested these will be open plan
for liaison, then John takes over from me after lunch. working spaces equipped with individual work
I The liaison period is not paid for, but we both accept stations for employees. The large area in the
that's a small price to pay for a better quality of life. north-east corner will house your showroom
and library. The enclosed rooms along the
; Presenter What practical difficulties have you had to east wall are, respectively, the post room, the
; overcome? shop, and the fitness centre for the
; John I think communication was the biggest problem. At employees. You will notice that the cafe opens ^ ,
the start we'd forget to pass on important information directly onto the central atrium, The thinking ... . I -'
t at hand-over time, then waste half our time phoning behind this is that employees, clients and visitors can
; each other up at home to check on details. We've take their refreshments with them and move out into
ironed most of those difficulties out now, though, and the atrium for informal chats and meetings.
: job-sharing actually makes you more, rather
than less, efficient: I'll deal with tasks I don't
i enjoy and would otherwise have put off
; rather than face the embarrassment of telling Speaking A
Gaye I still haven't done them yet!
; Gaye I think for me the main difficulties have been
psychological rather than practical. You have to Discussion points
I trust each other completely and back up each
other's judgements. It's no use John going into a Suggested answers
meeting with a client one day and my reversing all b 1 International communication is faster and
; the decisions they've made the next morning. Even if easier.
it's not exactly the decision I would have made, I Information can be more efficiently stored and
have to stand by it, and vice-versa of course. retrieved.
Presenter Any regrets? It is possible to work from home.
; Gaye None at all. 2 People are under pressure to deal with
problems or questions more rapidly.
", John Only when my pay cheque comes in! No, seriously,
It can make work more complicated for people
; it's been a good move for me, though I will have to
who are not technically-minded.
have a re-think once I've finished my degree course.
Jobs have been lost because many tasks are
now performed by computers or robots.
Listening 2, page 29 3 Perhaps they have a deadline to meet.
It might be a means of appearing keen and
Answer key impressing the boss.
1 C 2 D 3 office area (or open plan offices) They may be workaholics.
4 showroom and library 5 post room 6 -
7 atrium (or central atrium) 8 cafe 9 office area (or
open plan offices) 10 fitness centre 11 office area Communicative activities
(or open plan offices) 2 Discussion
Suggested answer
Listening 2 - Tapescript a We work to live means that work is a means of
; You will hear an architect describing his initial plans for a earning money and thus buying the essential
* revolutionary new office building to the clients who things that we need; if someone lives to work, all
: commissioned him to design it. his time, enthusiasm and energy is spent on work.
* Architect This then is the site plan. As you can see, the
* building is long and narrow and is aligned
: along a north-south axis, with a narrow side
facing south. This means that it presents the ListeningB
* smallest area to the midday sun, which helps to keep
* temperatures down in summer time. In accordance
: with your request for natural ventilation, all outside Before you listen
I windows will be able to be opened. The unusual Note
: features that we plan to incorporate are that there Learners could do this exercise in pairs and use English-
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Bgpk
English dictionaries to help them if necessary. Alternatively, if medals. But for the past three years she's been getting
not all the items are familiar to them, use the technique : up at six to go to the pool for training before school,
suggested in the Introduction under Dealing with and she's back there for another two hours after
unfamiliar vocabulary. school. Mind you, it's her own choice. Her mother's
; not too happy about it as her schoolwork's suffering,
Answer key but the girl's dead set on making the national team.
danger or risk: dice with death, scared out of your Would you rather Timothy was like t h a t ?
wits, your heart in your mouth : Father Absolutely n o t . I'd just like to see him taking an
b o r e d o m or lack of interest: a jaded appetite, : interest in something.
blase, mope around, time on your hands, turn your Sarah Like I told you, he's got plenty of hobbies - he's a
nose up at bit of a computer wizard, too. Any time I need
enthusiasm or happiness: in si-u-nih heaven, it I to d o a bit of research for o n e of my articles, I
went down well, passionnii' iilmui ' get Timothy o n t o it a n d he finds m e the
: information o n the Internet in next to n o
time.
Listening 1, page 32 ; Father Hmm.
" Sarah Look, Dad, two generations a n d a world of
Answer key : new technology separate the p a i r of you.
1 Father 2 Neither 3 Father 4 Neither Could you just take my word for it that everything's
: OK?
5 Both 6 Neither 7 Sarah 8 Sarah
I Father Well, if you say so, Sarah. I guess I am a bit out of
; touch.
Common errors
The word athletics in English refers only to track and field Listening 2, page 33
sports, such as running, jumping, javelin-throwing etc. It is
not used as a general term to describe all sports.
Answer key
I T 2 T 3 T 4 F 5F<
Listening 1 - Tapescript 6F 7T 8T 9T 10F
: You will hear a man and his daughter having a
conversation. They are discussing her children, Timothy and
I Rebecca.
Background information
Father What on earth is the matter with Timothy? It's
The Victorian era refers to the period in the middle and late
| n o t healthy for a young lad like that tO_be.
nineteenth century (1837-1901) when Queen Victoria was on
; m o p i n g a r o u n d i n d o o r s all day.
the British throne.
' Sarah I don't know what you're talking about, Dad.
; There's nothing the matter with him at all, and he's
certainly not moping - he's got lots of interests. Listening 2 - Tapescript
; Father Such as? You will hear a radio interview with the author of a new
i book on leisure time and activities.
Sarah Well, sports for one. He's crazy about football.
: Interviewer My guest this evening on the book
Father Bah! W h e n I was a boy if you said you
I programme is Mary Greenaway, author of the best-
: were keen o n sports that m e a n t you went o u t
j selling handbook 'FreeTime, Free Fun'. Mary, what
a n d played them. It didn't m e a n you sat
: prompted you to write the book?
a r o u n d and watched t h e m o n TV.
" Mary G Well, personally, I've never suffered from
; Sarah Yes, well, they hadn't invented TV in your day,
: boredom, but I began to notice t h a t there were
: Dad.
a lot of people a r o u n d w i t h time o n their
Father Come on, I'm not that ancient. But seriously, : hands w h o didn't k n o w h o w t o fill it. At the
< Sarah, I'm worried about him. I m e a n his sister's ; same time the press was full of advertisements
: not like that - she was at tennis last night for n e w h o m e entertainment technology,
; and she told m e she's going off camping with ; holiday packages to suit all tastes, s u p e r b
some friends at the weekend. That's the sort ; sports a n d fitness centres a n d so on, a n d I
; of thing he should b e doing. started to w o n d e r what was going wrong.
| Sarah Honestly, I don't think there's anything to worry Interviewer You mentioned the people around you
; about. H e does athletics at school, so it's not : started you thinking. Can you give me some
as if h e doesn't get any exercise. He was in the ; examples?
: football team for a while, but they kicked him out
; Mary G Well, my kids for a start - every time the
; because he wasn't very talented. A pity, when he's so
summer holidays came a r o u n d they'd b e in
I passionate about it.
: seventh heaven for two weeks, t h e n spend the
; Father You see, that's the modern world for you. It's rest of the time whining a b o u t b e i n g b o r e d .
I not enough to have some fun kicking a ball Then a friend of mine was made redundant and
: around, but you've got to b e trained a n d : panicked about money. She immediately gave u p
coached a n d bullied into being the best. ; all the glamorous things she used to d o like
; Sarah That's true. Rebecca's got this schoolfriend "- dining out, going to fancy health clubs, taking
who's a really good swimmer - she's won all sorts of : holidays in the Seychelles. Then, apart from going
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's kloofe
out job-hunting, she fell into a cycle of doing nothing our jaded appetites. For quite a while now it's
but watching television all day. Not long after that been very uncool to spend your summer
my uncle died within a year of retiring - he'd been a holiday lying on a beach, even if it's in an
man who lived for his work, and he just couldn't exotic location. Even travel to far-flung places no
stand the strain of all those unstructured longer inspires jealousy or reluctant admiration at
hours in front of him when he woke up every dinner parties. With round-the-world flights available
day. And I realised all these people lacked resources from around 800, most people nowadays are quite
- either the financial resources to get access < blast; about walking on the Great Wall of China,
to the fantastic leisure opportunities that are "sleeping on the beach in Samoa or seeing the sun
available nowadays, or the personal resources come up in Macchu Picchu. To stay ahead of the
to amuse themselves. game you now have to go abroad to learn
: Interviewer And, in fact, that's the two-part structure something new or indulge(ln)unusual
; you've built the book on, isn't it? activities, preferably dangerous or unpleasant
ones. For the next five weeks in the holiday
; Mary G That's right. Part one is basically a listings
programme we'll be reporting on the latest in activity
section of leisure activities that you can do free, or
holidays and short breaks. So first a report from Don
; almost free, and there is still a host of those available,
Blunt, who went to Lake Geneva in search of
; from museums to public lectures, open air conceits in
adventure.
I parks, and so on. The second, and to my mind, far
; more interesting part, concerns personal D o n Blunt Yes, you heard it right. Lake Geneva
resources - motivating yourself, creating your may sound to most people like the ideal
: o w n entertainment, setting up leisure projects destination for old ladies with a penchant for
: and so on, all of course with the criterion of costing blue rinses, pink gin and elegant hotels, but
nothing, or next to nothing. hidden in the mountains above the peaceful shoreline
of the lake is the wild side of the Swiss Riviera.
; Interviewer Where do you think you yourself got your Ballooning and paragliding are two of the adventure
resources from? sports/<5rLbffer here, but I decided those were too
; Mary G Ah, that's a good question. Maybe because I tame for me and opted/~f5r~fcanyoning instead. The
was an only child and that certainly forces following day, as I stood dressed in a wetsuit at the
; you to learn to amuse yourself. Then, top of a waterfall, I began to regret my decision.
; unusually for the period, my parents were Canyoning is an adventure sport pioneered by the
anti-television, so I grew up without one, and Swiss; for most people, climbing down a sheer rock
; that also encouraged me to create my o w n face on the end of a rope would be adventure
entertainment. enough, but they have added the refinement of ,
; Interviewer Wouldn't you say that some of the doing it over ice-cold alpine waterfalls. 'Don'|_3^ hainl
ideas and values expressed in the book are worry, it's only a twenty-metre drop' said the
". rather old-fashioned? guide, as I looked down with my heart in my
mouth. I shut my eyes and jumped into the
Mary G Oh, absolutely. I mean lots of people would turn waterfall. 'Don't forget tc^ho]d2232-i ne r o P e ' he
I their noses up at the idea of using a public library shouted as I leapt. If my moutti hadn't been full of
nowadays. And things like creating your own board spray, I would have pointed out that the last thing on
games and party games go right back to the Victorian earth I was likely to do was to let go of the rope.
; era. That's why no-one was more surprised Having safely negotiated the waterfall, the next
than me when the book turned out to be such challenge was to jump off a tiny ledge of rock into a
a success. I hadn't expected it to go down quite so pool of freezing water while avoiding any protruding
: well in a world full of off-the-peg entertainment. rocks that you might collide with on the way down.
This done, sliding on my back down areas of smooth
Listening 3, page 33 rock was easy in comparison. At the end of my first
day of canyoning I was stiff, aching and very, very
cold, but as we celebrated our survival with a bottle
Answer key of Swiss wine cooled in canyon waters I had to
1 A 2C. 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 11 admit that, despite being scared out of my wits most
of the time, I felt exhilarated by the experience.
: GP Exactly. But the Germans have another, rather classmates, rejection by members of the
? nifty^idea; apparently many health insurance opposite sex when they reach their teen years and
I schemes pay^for^people to take a two-week so on. But the risks for their long-term physical health
: rest cure in a spa once a year. are much more disturbing. The longer a child
remains fat, the greater the statistical chance
; Wife Really! of suffering from heart disease, diabetes or
', GP The idea is that by getting the chance to high blood pressure later in life. And the really
; unwind they will avoid stress-related illnesses bad news is that if a child is fat at seven years old, he
\ which might cost the insurance company or she is likely to stay that way.
: much more in the long run. Presenter So how has this^ome about?_j '/-
Wife That's a great idea! I can't see the National Health
; Service going for it, though, can you? Dr Stein The reasons are two-fold. The most obvious is
eating habits, of course. Children today eat
" GP I doubt it. Too expensive for a state-run healthcare
too much fatty food and not enough fruit and
: system. vegetables. Ten years ago a take-away hamburger
: Wife So what else? might have been a once a week treat; now it's/ff staple,
' GP Well, the French worry constantly about their livers, of many children's diet. Many consume excessive
I so they're given tonics and vitamins ^y^he bucketful. quantities of protein as well, which can
Wife Yes, I've noticed that when we've been sitting in contribute to obesity. This might not be so
: cafes on holiday in France. You see people harmful, however, if the other factor didn't come into
" disappearing into the chemist's shop looking anxious play, which is that many European kids have an
and emerging ten minutes later with a carrier bag full alarmingly sedentary lifestyle. An interesting
of medicines and a satisfied smile on their faces. piece of research done at Exeter University set out to
discover how many children in the five to sixteen age
: GP That's right. It seems that French patients feel range were getting at least three twenty-minute
they haven't got their money's worth if they bouts of activity per day that raised their heart
leave the surgery without a prescription, rate above 140 beats a minute - that's the rate needed
whereas we British are relieved if we don't. 'If to produce health benefits. Almost none did, so they
the doctor hasn't prescribed anything, then it dropped the criterion to three ten-minute
i can't be that serious' is our way of thinking. bouts, but very few children in the study were getting
My French counterparts spend much longer even that much exercise. This is very, very worrying.
:; o n consultations too - apparently twenty
; minutes per patient is the norm! They said
; their patients would have a fit if they were
; fobbed off with the classic British six-minute
", consultation.
Wife Thank goodness we don't live in France, then. You'd
Speaking A
never get home from work!
Photographs
Listening 3, page 37 Common errors
Exercise (uncountable noun) refers to any form of vigorous
Answer key -^
physicalactivity. It is used with the verbs get or take. It is
1 doubled 2 tease and bully them 3 rejects them usually confused with an exercise (countable noun).
4 stay that way 5 eating habits 6 sedentary
An exercise is a specific movement, which is repeated
7 30 minutes several times in order to strengthen specific parts of the
body, e.g stomach muscles. It is used with the verb do.
I cynic, Louise. So you preferred the other surrogate, 'voluntary' euthanasia, and also 'assisted suicide'. I
I the one who admitted that she took money for think it would be helpful.if you could start off by
having the baby? clarifying these terms for us, and the current legal
: Louise It's not a question of preferring one or the other. position as far as each is concerned.
I mean, I don't know either of them personally, do I? Dr Grange Certainly. First of all, let me make it
But I thought she was more honest. absolutely clear that in all the situations I will
Jane Well... describe I am talking about voluntary euthanasia
- that means it is the patient w h o makes the
; Louise She did it because she needed the money and, as choice to die. I am not talking about issuing
far as I could see, she treated it like any other doctors with a 'licence to kill' at their own discretion.
: kind of job - she signed a contract, adhered At present the practices known as active
; to the terms of it, including all, um, you euthanasia and assisted suicide are against the
know, going for all the necessary health law here in Britain. The difference between
checks, giving up drink and cigarettes, eating them is whether a doctor or nurse
: healthily and so on, and at the end of the administers the drugs or lethal injection, or
contractual period she delivered the goods, took her whether the doctor prescribes the means of
payment and left. What's wrong with that? death and it's the patient w h o administers it.
Jane Well, it all seems a bit clinical to me, you know. Although suicide has not been considered as a crime
I And like the professor said at the beginning of the in the UK since 1961, assisting in a suicide is illegal.-.
programme it's usually poor women having the Consequently, a doctor either administering or
babies for wealthy couples, so it's a form of prescribing lethal injections or drugs is guilty of a
: exploitation really. criminal act. The anomaly is that passive euthanasia
is not against the law. This means that a doctor who
' Louise That's absolute nonsense! If the women don't get
allows death to happen is not committing a crime.
I paid for their services, then that's exploitation. Why
on earth should anyone give up nine months of her Interviewer Could you clarify what you mean by
I life in exchange just for travelling expenses and a bit 'allowing death to happen'?
; of cash to pay for any extra medicines she needs?
D r Grange For example, with the patient's or the
", Jane Well, out of human kindness and the pleasure of family's consent, it is not against the law to
; helping someone. withdraw mechanical life support to a
", Louise Well, human kindness doesn't pay the bills, Jane. terminally ill person when it is merely
; You wouldn't expect the doctor w h o helps to prolonging the process of dying. Nor is it
I deliver the baby not to get paid, would you? illegal to give such high doses of pain relief
that death is hastened. This, of course, has
; Jane No, I suppose not.
exactly the same moral and practical result as actively
Louise So why shouldn't the person who's bringing giving a lethal injection on request.
: so much happiness to a couple by providing
them with a longed-for child not get paid too? Interviewer What are the main arguments in favour of
de-criminalising euthanasia?
; Jane Mmm... well... perhaps you're right.
D r Grange I think these could be divided into legal
arguments and moral arguments. A survey done in
Listening 3, page 41 1994 showed that ten percent of British doctors have
helped patients die, despite the risk of prosecution,
Answer key and nearly half of all the doctors surveyed said they
1 C 2D 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 C would give active help in dying if it were legal. By
legalising voluntary euthanasia, strict and rigorous,
guidelines for carrying out euthanasia could be laid
Background information down. This would be infinitely preferable to
having it going on furtively,- as now, in
Passive euthanasia a doctor allows death to happen by situations where it is impossible to
withdrawing help that is keeping a terminally ill patient alive determine whether it really was the patient's
artificially (legal in Britain and many other countries) o w n decision. The moral arguments are more
Voluntary euthanasia - a terminally ill patient chooses to complicated. Of course, a doctor's primary purpose
die (legal, in certain legally prescribed circumstances only, in is to sustain life, cure illness and, when that can no
the Netherlands and the American state of Oregon) longer be done, reduce a patient's suffering as far as
Active euthanasia - a form of voluntary euthanasia in possible. Most physical pain in terminal illness can
which a doctor administers the means of death be alleviated, if not completely eliminated, by means
of drugs. However, there are cases where a
Assisted suicide - a form of voluntary euthanasia in which terminally ill patient is suffering unbearably
a doctor prescribes the means of death but the patient and a compassionate doctor would want to
administers it agree to the request for a quick end. The other
main argument is that if a patient feels their body
Listening 3 - Tapescript has been so destroyed by disease that life is no
longer worth living, then that is an intensely personal
: You will hear a doctor talking about euthanasia.
decision which should not be thwarted.
Interviewer Dr Grange, a lot of different terms are used
' in the media when talking about euthanasia. I've
heard people talk about 'active', 'passive' or
F
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
B Listening 1, page 44
Answer key
Photographs 1 competitive 2 make money (or a profit) 3 the
best Internet account (or the best Internet Service
Answer key Provider) 4 know and trust 5 more profitable
6 brand name 7 special offers 8 new products
b They all show ways in which human beings use
medical science in order to improve upon nature
(1 - cosmetic surgery; 2 - monitoring or Background information
diagnosis of disease; 3 - a surrogate mother and
client). Electronic shopping is a new method of shopping in which
shoppers order goods over the Internet. The goods are
usually paid for by credit card and are delivered to the
customer's home.
Communicative activities Web store - a shop or supermarket's site on the Internet
1 Discussion where goods can be ordered.
Background information
BSE> stands for bovine spongiform encephalopathy, better Listening 1 - Tapescript
known as 'mad cow disease' ". You will hear a radio programme about British supermarket
Rickets - an illness in children whose diet lacks vitamin D. It : chains becoming Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
lih' inhibitsjhe growth and hardening of bones. : Presenter For over a year, shoppers in some parts of
Scurvy - an illness in people whose diet lacks vitamin C. It Britain have been able to buy their groceries over the
causes stiffness of joints, bleeding under the skin, slow Internet. Now some supermarket chains have
wound healing and ajTaernia. ^ ' f t i ' /I2) launched their own Internet services. I spoke to Peter
Frankley, a consultant to retail businesses and an
expert on electronic shopping, about this new trend.
2 Discussion
Peter, I understand that there are already more than
a hundred Internet Service Providers in the UK, so
Answer key why should supermarkets want to get
1 F 2F 3 A 4F 5A 6A 7F 8A involved in what is already a very
competitive business?
: Peter Frankley As you say, there is already a lot of
Note competition among Internet Service Providers -
Both communicative activities in this section provide extensive : even well-established ISPs find it difficult to
support on the student's page. This is because young ; make money out of dial-up Internet access. I
learners frequentlyjack both theJspowledqe and the think it is clear, therefore, that retailers are not
vocabulary to talk about topics.^ofajriedicaljTature. entering the market primarily because they want to
sell Internet accounts. The main reason is that this is
the most powerful way of encouraging on-line
shopping - up till n o w a customer w h o was
interestedin having tne convenience of
choosing and ordering groceries on-line
would have had to shop around to find the
best Internet account before he or she could
The consumer society visit the Web store.
Presenter So, in other words, it's easier for people,
especially perhaosjhose who are not very
kiio^vJbd^eabk(abouKconiputers and the
ListeoMgA Internet, to sign up foflnternet access when they
happen to be in their favourite supermarket.
Peter Frankley Exactly. Or they might pick up a leaflet
Before you listen about it one day when they're in the shop, read it at
Answer key home, and sign up for the service the next time they
visit the store.
1 chains 2 economies of scale 3 merchandise
4 retailers 5 basic necessities 6 groceries 7 brand Presenter Right.
Peter Frankley It makes it very simple for customers. It
also means they're using a company that they
already know and trust, rather than having to
Background! information choose an Internet Service Provider that they may
Economies of scale is a business term which means that a never have heard of before.
company can sell or produce goods more cheaply when
Presenter I can see the benefits to the customer, but I
dealing with large quantities.
still don't see what the supermarkets stand to gain
out of doing this.
^^^V^(^^^^^P
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
Peter Frankley Well, it's basically a question of * If, as consumers, you find this sort of
I expanding their market for on-line shopping. ; exploitation unacceptable, is there anything you can
Electronic shopping is not very profitable for do about it? Indeed there is. In response to
", retailers as yet, but if more people can be consumer pressure, many supermarkets in the
; encouraged to shop this way, economies of ; UK are n o w supporting fair trade practices.
scale will come into play. Another benefit for the This means they adopt codes of conduct which
: supermarket chains is that, from a marketing point of * ensure that the goods they import are produced in
I view, 'owning' a customer's Internet account is very safe conditions, and the prices they pay for those
'. powerful. Customers may pass their favourite : goods represent a fair return for the labour put into
; supermarket only once a week, but if they use the their production. As a result, working adults
supermarket's Internet service, they will see should be able to support their families
; the brand name every time they access the without their children having to work too.
Internet. : To find out if your favourite supermarket
: Presenter I see. supports fair trade, and what to do if it
'. Peter Frankley In addition, retailers will be able to ; doesn't, call us n o w for a free information
; use their Internet services to inform pack.
customers about special offers or n e w
1 products, and to build up information about Listening 3, page 45
people's shopping patterns.
Answer key
Listening 2, page 45 1 B 2 B 3 D 4 A S C 6 D
Answer key
1 F 2 F 3T 4T 5 F 6T 7F Listening 3 - Tapescript
; You will hear an interview with a compulsive shopper.
Background information Interviewer Today, in our series on addictions, I'll be
: speaking to a lady whom I will refer to as Shelley,
The idea of fair trade is dealt with in Listening 2 and : since she would prefer to remain anonymous. Shelley,
Speaking A - text 3, though the term itself is not used. Fair you're f5c^n2nuJ^e_shDppJj!', aren't you?
trade involves paying a fair price for produce or raw materials
to the suppliers or growers, and avoiding sources which Shelley That's right. Though I'm happy to say that,
exploit workers or farmers. : thanks to professional counselling and a
: support group, I've nowi got my compulsion-
\under control.,
Listening 2 - Tapescript ; Interviewer What are the typical symptoms of
: You will hear an appeal from a charity. \ [Compulsive shopping?
Speaker Nowadays, we have an incredible range of fresh Shelley The most obvious one is that you shop
; fruit and vegetables available to us all the year round. when you're feeling down, you know, a bit
: But have you ever thought about what's involved in depressed or anxious, and then when you've
getting those products to our supermarket shelves? bought something you feel really good, like
; Perhaps that fruit wouldn't taste so sweet if you knew t youiye got a sense of euphoriaJ h e problem is
how bitter life was for the people who harvested it. : that the feeling wears off .pretty fast, so then
: Let's take fifteen-year old Benedicto as an you've got to go out and buy something else
example. He lives on a banana plantation in the in order to feel good again.
Philippines. For the last three years, he's worked Interviewer Is it important what you buy and who you
: before and after school every day, and for eleven buy it for?
hours every Saturday tying up banana trees. The pay - Shelley Well, typically compulsive shoppers will buy
; is so bad that an hour's work would earn him : something for themselves when they're g_hit down.
enough to buy one can of cola in the like clothes or jewelry or make-up. But it isn't
I plantation shop. But Benedicto doesn't work : exclusively things for yourself - 1 used to really go
: to buy luxuries like soft drinks. Without his ; over the top at Christmas time buying gifts for
contribution, his family wouldn't be able to everyone I knew.
: afford to send him and his three brothers to
; school at all. :; Interviewer You mentioned jewelry and make-up. Is
> this a^typically female addiction, then?
; Unfortunately, Benedicto's situation is far from
; unique. Throughout Asia, Latin America and Africa, ; Shelley Not necessarily, though it tends jojbe
the use of child labour in food production for the more common in women. And it]s more
: export market is commonplace. Frequently, employers widespread than you might imagine. I don't know
"- any exact figures, but in the support group they've
prefer to take on children rather than adults, because
I children will work as many hours as they're : told us that somewhere between five and ten percent
asked to and do not get involved in labour I of the population indulge in out-of-control shopping.
I disputes. 1 Interviewer What are the main problems that
: In many cases, children as young as five work : compulsive shopping causes?
I and, unlike Benedicto, some never get the chance to : Shelley Well, obviously,^f you shop till you drop,, you get
: go to school at all. through an awful lot of money. Most compulsive
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's-Booh
Listening 2 - Tapescript
Listening B __._ I The lecture you heard in Listening 1 continues.
' Lecturer So, up to now we have seen gender-based
Before you listen differences with regard to favourite possessions and
; favourite purchases, with men's preferences tending
Answer key towards functional and activity-related products that
; reflect their identity, and women's tending towards
1 livery 2 utility 3 logos 4 impulse purchlases
goods that give them enjoyment or have emotional
significance. Does this dichotomy also affect
: advertising, both in terms of the type of
Listening 1, page 48 :
products advertised and the type of approach
: taken? Indeed it does. Flick through the pages of
Answer key any men's special interest magazine and you will
1 Women 2 Men 3 Women 4 Men 5 Neither " notice that the types of products advertised are
6 Men 7 Women 8 Women 9 Men 10 Neither : largely functional and activity-related - watches,
trainers, electric razors, sports equipment, and of
; course, cars. If you skim a comparable magazine for
women, you will find a higher proportion of
Listening 1 - Tapescript advertisements for cosmetics and body care products,
; You will hear part of a lecture given to first-year university clothes, and jewelry. (I'm not giving you any
students on a marketing course. statistics here, by the way, as one of your
: Lecturer Today I shall be giving you a brief overview of assignments will be to carry out your o w n
J gender differences in purchasing patterns and analysis of the frequency of advertisements
; advertising approaches. Reading lists and individual for different categories of products.) In the
assignments will be distributed at the end of the past decade or so, however, there has been a
". lecture. notable rise in the number of advertisements
for men's clothing and beauty products,
; There isfa considerable body of evidence^from
reflecting an increasing preoccupation with
: research in social psychology that men and women
personal appearance. I will come back to this
relate differently to their possessions. Several studies
point later in the lecture.
found that, comparatively speaking, women tend to
value possessions because of how they make Now let's look at the approaches taken in
; them feel, while men value items which are advertisements aimed at men or at women. Although
:
useful or work well. Thus a woman might cherish real men and women do not usually look or behave
: an old piece of jewelry that she associates with happy ". like those who appear in advertisements, the power
memories, while a man might rank his top-of-the of advertising is that it offers idealised models
range CD player as one of his favourite possessions and identities for consumers. Typically,
because of the excellent sound quality. In addition, advertisements aimed at women are based on
; women also say that they value possessions narcissism and passivity. The feminine model in
J which belonged to people they loved or were advertising encourages a woman to please herself,
; given to them by loved ones. In contrast, men : but the implication is that by pleasing herself,
value possessions which enable them to do : she will also attract male attention, and that
something, such as play sports or carry out l she will be chosen. The masculine model,
; hobbies such as DIY or gardening and so on. : however, emphasises that it is men who do the
: It's reasonable to assume that^rmlar_gender- choosing, whether the object of his choice be a car, a
based distinctions will also affect what goods people ; watch or a woman. Let's look at two examples of
L
buy and why they choose to buy them and, indeed, these modes. (First slide, please.) Here we have a
; recent research into buying considerations in impulse I fairly typical car advertisement from a men's
; purchases supports this hypothesis. The most magazine. Note two features: firstly, the
favoured impulse purchases by women were clothes, emphasis on precision engineering and on
: jewelry and cosmetics, while men tended to go more performance - the words precision,
; for electronic and sports equipment. The buying performance and power are typically
J considerations most frequently cited by ; masculine terms which crop up time and
; women for selecting the goods they did were time again in advertisements for men.
the responses 'It gives me enjoyment' or 'It Secondly, the headline 'It stands out from the crowd'
I cheers me up' while men's most usual buying - the implication of course being that the
: considerations were 'It expresses what is qualities of the car will reflect the qualities of
unique about me' and 'It is useful and the owner. We can see here a strong link with
", practical'. ; the previous research I mentioned on buying
; considerations, which showed that men base
their decisions on considerations of utility and
Listening 2, page 48 : personal identity. (Next slide, please.) Here we
have an ad for perfume from a women's magazine.
Answer key I The woman is pictured close-up and alone, as
1 Yi-s 2 No 3 No 4Yis 5 No 6 Yes 7 Yes 8 Yes : is very often the case, and the mere nine words of
text include the word 'feeling' twice, reflecting the
9 \\> IOYI-S
feminine predilection for goods that bring enjoyment
and allow her to please herself. We will be looking at
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
these features in greater detail later, but now let me remember they're not the only players in the
; return to a point I made earlier in the lecture - the t sponsorship game. A lot of the logos you see on
". fact that there has been a higher incidence of the cars are from firms in related industries - many
: advertisements for men's body care products in ; sponsors provide free tyres, engines, fuel or
recent years. Interestingly, many of these, like this lubricants instead of, o r as well as, cash. And
; example, (Slide, please.) turn the old roles upside- t nowadays companies from fields as varied as dairy
J down. Here the advertisement is implying that the ; products, computers and air travel put money into
; correct choice of hair product will make the man the sport.
: irresistibly attractive to women. The main difference Presenter Now, moving on to the question ... (fade)
J from women's ads for similar products is that the
: m a n is usually pictured in close contact with
an admiring female.
Speaking B
Listening 3, page 49
Answer key Photographs
1T2T JF4T ST 6 F 7 T 8 T Answer key
a They all show methods of advertising products,
services or shops.
Listening 3 - Tapescript
I You will hear a radio programme about sponsorship in
: Formula 1 racing. Common errors
I Presenter In this evening's programme in the series 'Has The word advertising should be pronounced with the stress
; sport become too commercial?' we'll be discussing on the first syllable, while the word advertisement is
Grand Prix racing. My guest this evening is Graham pronounced with the stress on the second syllable.
: Swift, a sports journalist who specialises in Formula
1 coverage. Graham, I may be showing my age here,
Communicative activities
- but I remember the days when Formula 1 cars
lined u p on the track in their o w n team 1 Discussion
livery, not the livery of a tobacco company You may want to check that your students are using
and a patchwork of logos. Is all this appropriate phrases, such as:
advertising really necessary? I would imagine that...
: G r a h a m Swift It certainly is. It costs over 4 0 million Judging from ... I would assume that ...
dollars to put a team of only two cars and
1 should think it's probably ...
their drivers o n the track for one season.
N o b o d y can raise that kind of money without It might/could be aimed at/promoting ...
sponsorship.
: Presenter I see. But don't you think that this has a Note
b a d effect o n young people? I mean, for This communicative activity has been included here as:
example, boys a n d young men w h o are very
attracted by the glamour of m o t o r racing may it recycles ideas about advertising presented in Listening
B, Listening 2
I feel that some of that glamour will r u b off o n
them if they smoke the cigarettes that are it allows for useful practice in the language of speculation
; advertised o n the cars. it provides practice in dealing with some of the more
I Graham Swift Well, of course, that's exactly why enigmatic photographs which sometimes appear in
: tobacco companies sponsor motor sports - they're Proficiency interviews
not giving away money for the fun of it. This was
illustrated very clearly by the split between Marlboro Answer key
cigarettes and the McLaren team in 1996. After the b Advertisement 1 - headline c - a women's
; golden years between 1988 and 1991 w h e n perfume named Soulful
; Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna became world Advertisement 2 - headline b - a line of men's
; champions in McLaren cars, the team lost its
all-purpose clothing
d o m i n a n t position in the sport. Marlboro
: made it clear they were not happy with what was Advertisement 3 - headline a - an anti-dandruff
going on and that they wanted to renegotiate the shampoo for men
'. terms of the deal - they were sponsoring
McLaren to the t u n e of 32 million dollars per 2 Selecting
year, so they wanted good media coverage in
return. Soon after that the partnership b r o k e Background information
; u p a n d Marlboro switched its sponsorship to
The word brand is used for smallish products which are
Ferrari.
supplied in packages and which you throw away when they
Presenter I see. Is it n o t possible for teams to have been used - e.g. cat food, toothpaste, shampoo etc.
t raise money from other sources? The word make isjjsed for consumer durables^ products
G r a h a m Swift Of course tobacco companies are which you use for a long time before they wear out - e.g.
the really big spenders, b u t you must trainers, radios, cars etc.
Proficiency Listening and SpeaKing Teacher's Book
of our images caught on security videotapes. decline in respect lor religion and murals
Imagine, for example, that you are filmed crossing a
public square in the company of someone to whom rise in materialism (it the more consumer
you are not married. Since there are no laws to goods you own, the happier you wiii be;
protect our visual data from misuse, the videotape increase in use of illicit drugs
could be used as evidence in future divorce racial tensions caused by rise in immigration
proceedings. Be very careful what you do in
public - Big Brother really is watching you! insufficiently harsh penalties for criminals
numbers on them. In clothing shops you are Parthenon came to end up in the British Museum?
pounced uponiby assistants eager to, fulfil, ; Colin Forsyth Certainly. The process began in 1801
j o u r every wisfTand w h o centreat you to when the seventh Earl of Elgin, w h o was the
'have a nice day' as youjstagger out laden British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire,
with garments their zeal has persuaded you obtained authority from the Sultan to remove
to buy. Pubs no longer throw you out in the sculptures and inscriptions from the
afternoon and in some parts of Britain even ; Parthenon, which was, at that time, largely
stay open until louche post-midnight hours. ruined as the result of an explosion during a
Public telephone booths are n o w ; siege by the Venetians more than a century
functionally modern and unremarkable, but previously. Even at that time, there seem to have
; they work. : been doubts about Elgin's motives - some
: There is no doubt about the fact that life in ; supported his claim that he was a lover of the
Britain has become easier and, in some ways, arts w h o wanted to preserve Pheidias's
nicer. But it has also become rather sanitised I sculptures from destruction and to make his
and characterless. While I wouldn't Bketo see the ; fellow-countrymen more aware of the beauties of
' return ofboilecTcabbage and stodgy puddings, I Greek art. Others deplored his actions, the most
; neither would I want all our traditional transport ; famous of these being Lord Byron who described
cafes and greasy spoons to be replaced by slick Elgin's removal of the sculptures as 'the last poor
; burger bars. Nor do I want to see corner shops plunder from a bleeding land'. The French consul
where you can have a chat with the ; fin Athens at that time protested against the
proprietor while a queue builds up behind removal of the marbles and was consequently
; you entirely pushed out of the market by ; imprisoned by the Turks, so there seems little
large, efficient, impersonal chains. These things ; doubt that the plunder was indeed sanctioned by the
: are aspects of Britain's heritage, quite as much as I Turkish authorities.
; Shakespeare, the Tower of London, unarmed Presenter So did Elgin in fact buy the marbles
policemen and strawberries and cream on warmish from the Turks?
summer days. At least for the moment, however, one
Colin Forsyth There is no evidence that that is
thing won't change - our perpetual fascination with
the case, though many people claim that he bribed
I the weather. '
; Turkish officials heavily in order to obtain the
permission to remove them.
Listening 2, page 65 ; Presenter What happened thereafter?
: Colin Forsyth The marbles were transported by ship to
Answer key ; Britain and Lord Elgin sold the entire
1 T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6F 7T 8F 9F collection to the British government in 1816
; for the sum of 35,000. The government in turn
entrusted the collection to the British Museum, where
Background information it has remained ever since.
Parthenon was the chief temple of the Greek goddess
Athena on the hill of the Acropolis in Athens. Work began in
447 BC and was completed by 438 BC
Listening 3, page 65
Pheidias was the Athenian sculptor responsible for Answer key
supervising the decoration of the Parthenon.
1 B 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 A 6 C
Listening 2 - Tapescript
: You will hear part of a radio programme about the Listening 3 - Tapescript
sculptures from the Parthenon which are known in Britain ". The radio programme you heard in Listening 2 continues.
'.as the Elgin Marbles. They are now in the British Museum.
Presenter So, what are the main arguments on both
Presenter In answer to the question 'If there were a I sides of the case?
: referendum on whether or not the Elgin Marbles
; should be returned to Greece, how would you Colin Forsyth Well, the Greek argument, and it is a very
; vote?', a recent opinion poll showed that 39 '. powerful one, is that the sculptures belong back on
percent of Britons would vote in favour of a : the Acropolis, where they came from, and that they
returning them, compared to only 15 percent were in fact stolen from Greece.
" who would vote for them to be kept in : Presenter Surely, there's no arguing with that?
; Britain. However, the poll also showed substantial I Colin Forsyth Morally, no. But legally, it is a question
apathy about the issue - 18 percent of the people of whether the papers Elgin obtained from
: polled would not vote at all, and a further 28 I the Sultan should be considered legitimate or
percent were undecided. In the light of the fact that not. The Greek position is that the Turks were an
" the don't-knows and the don't-cares occupying power and that it is not right for an
represent nearly half of the respondents, it is occupying country to give away the national treasures
perhaps timely to re-examine the history of the Elgin of the occupied country. The British Museum's
' Marbles and the arguments on both sides of the argument is that, at the time, Greece had been part
I case. My guest is the art critic and historian Colin : of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 350 years and that
I Forsyth. Colin, could you refresh our memories on the papers Elgin obtained were legitimate in that they
I how such a vast body of sculptures from the : were issued by the government of the period. The
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
other legal complication is that the British Museum Presenter Won't that set a precedent for returning
is governed by a statute set up in 1753, which almost all of the other exhibits in the British
prohibits them from disposing of any items in their Museum and other museums around the world too?
collection and it is thus impossible for them to Colin Forsyth It could indeed. We're certainly not the
return the Marbles without the British government only ones with other people's art treasures in our
passing a new law allowing them to do so. So, as possession. If it does set a precedent, it could
you can see, the position is rather more complicated become a landslide and completely alter the
than it first appears. content and concept of museums as we know them
Presenter Indeed. Apart from the legal and moral now. At the moment the appeal of world-class
arguments, what other issues are involved? museums like the B_ritish Museum and the Louvre is
That they transcend nationalJx>undaries and present
Colin Forsyth Well, there's been a lot of ammunition
opliorUanitiestSL study and compare the development
fired on both sides concerning the question of
of different cultures throughout the ages all under "
preservation of the sculptures. One of the British
one roof. If all art treasures are restored to their
Museum's other arguments against returning
country of origin, those opportunities will be lost.
the marbles is that, by staying in London, they
However, new methods and technologies might
have been preserved from potential decay caused by
replace them - greater use of casts and replicas, for
pollution. This is true to the extent that the West
example, and virtual reality reconstructions of
frieze of_the Parthenon*, which remainedin place,
ancient sites and monuments.
until J5931 was so badly damaged by pollution that
modern casts could not be made from it. Presenter Well, a fascinating insight into ... (fade)
Consequently, a Greek restorer came to London to
make new casts deriving from casts in the
possession of the British Museum taken from
^moulds made bxElginy On the other hand, a
recent book has unveiled a horrible error,
Speaking B
which took place in the British Museum in
the 1930s. Were you aware that classical statues Photographs
were in fact brightly coloured?
Presenter No, I tend to associate ancient Greek art Answer key
with a kind of chalky whiteness. c The first picture illustrates both the artistic
Colin Forsyth You're by no means alone in that, but heritage of classical Greece, which has influenced
nowadays most scholars accept that the marble was art throughout Europe, and the philosophical ideal
in fact painted. Unfortunately, this fact was not of 'a healthy mind in a healthy body' which has
known to the millionaire art dealer Lord inspired many cultures. The second illustrates
Duveen, who was paying for a new gallery in the musical heritage and also shows how traditional
museum to house the Elgin Marbles. He took costume and customs survive and thrive from
exception to the honey-coloured patina that generation to generation. The last photograph
the marbles had and ordered them to be depicts the political heritage of democracy, again
scrubbed to whiteness. It was only when the inherited from the ancient Greeks.
director of the museum happened to take a walk
through the workshops in the basements that he
discovered what was going on and put a stop to it Common errors
immediately. Unfortunately, by that time, some The words ancestors and predecessors are frequently
of the sculptures had been irreparably used interchangeably, but are not in fact synonyms.
damaged. So, to coin a ghastly pun, one could Ancestors are the people from whom you, or your nation,
say that neither side has a whiter than white are descended. Predecessors are people who performed
image where preservation is concerned. the same job as you before you.
Presenter The plot thickens. In the light of what you've
told us tonight, I think I would actually find it harder Discussion points
now to make a reasoned choice about the fate of the
marbles. Where do your sympathies lie? / Suggested answers
Colin Forsyth Well, I tend to think there is not much 1 yjt shaprfi rmnmptionfi nhnnt wha* i g ' nf>TT nal' in
point now in arguing about whether Elgin's actions society - eg attitudes to the role of the family,
really did preserve the sculptures from neglect at the the role of women in society, the amount of
hands of the Turks or whether they represented theft. freedom given to children etc
Since then the tide of history and public opinion has vit affects attitudes to foreigners.- eg historical
changed. For example, the Stone of Scone, where the
enemies
ancient kings of Scotland were crowned, has recently
been returned to Scotland following a long sojourn |it affects political and philosophical ideas
in Westminster Abbey after being stolen by the about civic freedom and ngnts, power
English . ^ s a j c o j l I welcomed and approved of the structures, voting systems etc
Stone's return. I therefore have to accept the \ it affects everyday customs, behaviour,
moral argument where the Elgin Marbles are celebrations etc
concerned. After all, nigh on two hundred fit_can foster either patriotism or chauvinism.
years' possession of a large chunk of another
country's heritage is a fair crack of the whip.
We should give up gracefully now.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher'* Batik
: not likely that a future development would be and repetitive tasks carried out by robots and
for computers to be able to control our automated processes, it wouldn't be in governments'
thoughts? This is a prospect which rightfully fills interests to create an underclass of slave labour which
: most people with horror. However, many computing would use up resources for food and jiousing.
experts believe that the potential benefits to However, in the futuref^infertile couples) w h o
". disabled people of this technology are so are unable to reproduce any other way than
; great that public demand will eventually overcome by cloning, are likely to want to choose the
; squeamishness about integrating electronics in the best in terms of genes for their children. As
: human body. What will be needed, of course, is this will be expensive, only a few people will
careful monitoring of the ... (fade) be able to afford to do it. This is where w e
could see the artificial creation of a
genetically-enhanced upper class, rather than
Listening 3, page 73 a deliberately genetically-impoverished sub-
class as postulated in Huxley's novel.
Answer key
Presenter Does this prospect not.aDrjgl you?
1T 2T 3T 4F 5T 6T 7T 8T 9T
Prof. A The idea of genetic engineering is indeed morally
repellent to many people. However, there are a
Background information number of vejxjjosjtivejand.humanitarian, uses to
which cloning and genetic engineering could be put -
Dolly the Sheep and the topic of cloning were first raised for example, they could be used to eliminate inherited
in Unit 2, Listening B of this book - see Tapescript - diseases, _an application which would greatly improve
Listening 3 on page 13. the human condition. But, in ethical terms, it is very
The novel Brave New World was written by the British hard to know where to draw the line between what
author Aldous Huxley and published in 1932. It describes a constitutes a legitimate and useful genetic
futuristic society in which there are five classes of people - improvement, as in this example, and what is
alphas, betas, gammas, deltas and epsilons. Gammas ,deltas morally unpalatable, such as genetically
and epsilons have been genetically engineered to have low engineering in an attempt to enhance
intelligence and carry out menial tasks. intelligence or character. As a scientist, however, I
am not in favour of blanket legislation against
research into human cloning, as this could
Listening 3 - Tapescript hinder the development of many useful applications.
; You will hear part of a radio programme about cloning.
Presenter What other benefits do you see cloning having,
Presenter Since the birth ofXtofly the Sheep, the then?
I question of the morality of cloning, and of human
; cloning in particular, has caused tremendous Prof. A There is enormous potential in the cloning of
controversy; In fact, Britain has banned human individual human cells. Let's take an example of a
cloning since 1990, and a further 18 European patient requiring a kidney transplant: at
nations have signed an anti:clpnijig treaty. present some of these die before a donor can
I Nevertheless, many scientists believe that the clock be found. Even if a donor is found, there is a
risk of rejection and the patient has to take
; cannot be turned back and that certain forms of
powerful drugs to suppress the immune
human cloning are inevitable in .the future. My guest
system. If cloning were allowed, however, it's
: today is Angela Armstrong, a professor of molecular
possible in the future that a new kidney could
; biology at Cambridge University. Professor
be grown from the patient's o w n healthy cells
I Armstrong, for many people the prospect of
and there would be no danger of rejection
: human cloning ^onjures up images of a world
: after transplantation. In cases like this, one could
populated by multiple copies of Hitler, as in
; the film "The Boys from Brazil', or of a world say that it's unethical not to allow research into these
; with a rigid caste structure of superior : potential applications of cloning.
humans in positions of power and an under-
: class of genetically-engineered sub-beings , as
described in Aldous Huxley's novel 'Brave B wmm^vw^^sw^^m^
New World'. How close is either of these scenarios
; to what may happen if research on human cloning is
> allowed to go ahead? Photographs
I Prof. A Let's deal with the fear of armies of power-crazed
despots first. For a start, pressure to use cloning to Model answer
: reproduce humans is most likely to come from the 1 The first photograph relates to the theme of body
private sector. It's people who want to have children, and mind in that the two children are
; not governments. Even if government demonstrating a skill, which requires the physical
; programmes were set up to clone multiple qualities of dexterity and a good ear for music. At
copies of one person, they wouldn't all end such a young age, this also demonstrates talent,
I up the same, as development is affected by which some people believe is an inherited
; chemical and hormonal changes in the womb, characteristic.
which would be different in the case of each
In the second photo, I would imagine that the
; foetus, and by subsequent life experiences.
metal boxes attached to the wheelchairs are
The second fear is perhaps more justified, though
computers and so this photograph illustrates how
I again developments are unlikely to be government-led
; - with the capacity nowadays to have many manual
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher'* Boob
technology allows people who have physical source: extract from an article in a serious
disabilities to communicate their thoughts to the newspaper or magazine article (actual); extract
outside world. from an academic paper or journal possible)
O r If I'm not mistaken, the man shown in the
second photograph is Stephen Hawking, and so
this image illustrates the fact that although people
may be severely physically disabled, they may
have brilliant minds.
Media and communication
The third photo is meant to bring out the idea of
character being linked to physical appearance; for
example, some people believe that you can judge
whether someone has criminal tendencies just
from looking at him/her. Listening A
Listening 1, page 76
Background information
Stephen Hawking is a British physicist and author of 'A Answer key
Brief History of Time', a best-selling book on the origins of
1 content and pacing 2 language capabilities
the universe. He suffers from multiple sclerosis, a
degenerative neuromuscular disease and uses a computer 3 respond (rapidly) to danger
and voice box to communicate. 4 impulsive and inappropriate
5 developing rational thought 6 aggressively
Discussion points 7 desensitisation (or emotional numbness or
numbing of the emotions)
Suggested answers
1
thai physically disabled people arc also menially
Listening 1 - Tapescript
impaired : You will hear part of a radio debate on electronic media
; and their effects on young people.
that you can judge someone's character from their
facial features ; Presenter Good evening and welcome to our weekly
that people who wear glasses arc studious and ; debate. This evening's topic is 'Electronic Media and
intelligent Young People' and our guests tonight are Mike
; Marshall, a specialist in child development, Tom
that black people are good dancers Gates, an educational psychologist, and Ruth
that people who have tattoos or body piercing are Bowker, a concerned parent. Mike, to start off with,
mentally disturbed/drug users/unreliable etc ; could you tell us something about the effects of
that people with long, thin hands are sensitive/ electronic media on a developing human brain?
creative/ artistic ; Mike Certainly. First of all, let me say that these are not
that fat people are greedy/self indulgent/ all bad. It depends very m u c h on_the content
undisciplined I and pacing of the game, computer
that people from a different ethnic group to your p r o g r a m m e o r TV p r o g r a m m e in question. So
own are inferior/untrustworthv/lazv if t h e game o r p r o g r a m m e is relatively slow-
: paced a n d h a s a narrative form, it can
actually help t o develop a form of long-term
memoryjthat w e call declarative memory,
Passages which is related t o language capabilities.
However, many p r o g r a m m e s a n d games are
Suggested answers : very frenetically-paced a n d contain violent o r
1 Iheme: describes how you can improve your ; bizarre elements which serve t o trigger the
thinking by learning how to use the whole of your 'fight or flight^rgsponse, priming your
brain I reflexes to r e s p o n d rapidly t o danger. It is a
useful response in that it helps to enhance survival,
style: informal - the personal pronouns you and ", but w h e n it is triggered in situations w h e r e n o
your frequently used; incomplete sentence (Your ; real threat exists, it can cause us to act
brain...): informal, non-specialist vocabulary
impulsively a n d inappropriately. Too m u c h
source: extract from an article in a popular ", stimulation of this kind could inhibit t h e
magazine (actual); extract from an advertisement ; development of rational thougnTTn^Hildren.
for a seminar or training course on thinking skills : R u t h I'm glad you brought up the point about violence,
(possible) ; because I think that's the main thing that worries
2 theme: discusses to what extent criminality is I parents. Research shows that regular e x p o s u r e t o
inherited or learned ; violent scenes can trigger^ggretii>lve attitudes
style: formal - personal pronouns and personal "and behaviour In children. It can also lead t o
opinions are avoided; some formal vocabulary : desensitisation - in other words, it h a s a
(innate, homicide statistics) ; n u m b i n g effect o n the emotions, so that in the
end young people come to accept violence as a way
: of solving problems.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
Background information
If you have your mind in cyberspace, you are deeply
engrossed in exploring computer networks and data banks.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher'-a Book
Surfing the Net involves seeking and finding information surfing, but to no avail. He's got n o concept of
on the Internet, often more for fun and entertainment than time passing when he's on-line. Last night I
with any specific purpose in mind. called him when I went to bed at midnight. 'I'll be
there in a minute,' he said - the usual response. I
: woke up at 4.00 a.m. for a glass of water, and he
Listening 1 - Tapescript was still hunched in front of the computer screen. If
: You will hear a radio programme about women whose ", anyone out there's got any suggestions, let me know,
partners are very keen on the Internet. ; because I'm at my wits' end.
: Reporter Once upon a time women complained of
being Golf Widows, but now the age of technology
', has created a new kind of widowhood for women.
Listening 2, page 80
; Unlike golf, this one is not limited by dusk
falling at the eighteenth hole or by closing Answer key
; time in the club house bar. Tonight we report on 1 Yes 2 Yes 3 No 4 Yes 5 No
Net Widows - the growing legion of women whose 6 No 7 Yes 8 Yes 9 No
I boyfriends, fiances or husbands just can't resist the
: lure of the Internet. Shona Harrison from Coventry
has an all-too-typical tale to tell. Background information
; Shona I met Steve three years ago in a club. He was To beep someone means to call them on a pager, so that
really good-looking and a fantastic dancer, so I they will call you back.
t couldn't believe my luck when he asked me to dance.
; We started going out together, and the first year and
I a half of our relationship was great fun. Then Steve Listening 2 - Tapescript
I bought a computer. Soon after that he started : You will hear a radio phone-in programme on the subject
showing up late for dates. I'd try to phone him up to of mobile phones.
' find out what was going on and his line was *. Presenter I'm going to open up the phone lines now.
: always busy, so I assumed he was chatting to Remember, the topic today is mobile phones, so no
another girl. But one evening when he showed up t calls on any other subjects, please. Yes, we have our
I two hours late for dinner at my house - a special ; first caller. Your name, please?
: meal I'd spent all day cooking - I finally got the
". Mr Smith Smith, Rodney Smith.
message. He spent all night telling me in excruciating
t detail about how he'd been tracking down a guy in Presenter Yes, Mr Smith. What did you want to say on
the States who'd got a rare recording of some pop : the subject of mobile phones?
". concert back in the seventies - Steve's a big seventies Mr Smith Absolutely ridiculous things, if you ask me.
; music fan - and didn't even realise h o w tedious : My daughter gave me one as a present last week for
he was being. Two weeks later he forgot to show my birthday, then got all hurt when I told her I'd
' up for a date at all - 1 phoned him eight times at J given up playing with toys over fifty years
; half-hour intervals and the line was always engaged, I ago. She said it was so I could keep in touch with
I so I knew what was going on. I thought I'd give him her when I went out, in case I had an accident or
; one more chance, but when he took me out to dinner : something.
to make up for it, he couldn't stop talking about Presenter Well, that seems very thoughtful of her.
I all these so-called friends he'd made on the
; Mr Smith Humph! It's not as if I went anywhere
: Internet and the apparently fascinating
anyway, except down the pub sometimes for a pint at
conversations they'd had on-line, so I just
; lunchtime with my friend Sid.
; picked up my handbag and walked out of the
; restaurant and out of his life. Presenter I take it you're not calling from your mobile
I phone now then, Mr Smith?
: Reporter Shona got off lightly, but what if you're
married to a computer nerd? Mary from Manchester Mr Smith Certainly not! I'm a pensioner; I haven't got
is in despair. : money to burn. And I'll tell you another thing. I
> was in the pub with Sid the other day and we saw
Mary My husband used to work as a sales rep and I
: this bloke talking to himself. We assumed he must
J missed him when he was on the road, so when
be a loony though he looked perfectly
: his office gave him a promotion and agreed
I normal in every other way, you know, he had a
he could spend part of his hours tele-working
: suit on and all that. We felt sorry for him at first.
'. from home, I thought it would mean I'd see
: Then it turns out he'd got a mobile phone with
; more of him. Little did I know that though he
earphones on! I mean why would someone want
might be here more often in body, his mind would be
to draw attention to himself in public like
I in cyberspace most of the time. On the days he's
that? He could use the public phone in the bar like
working at home, he gets up extra early to get
: anyone else.
\ the office work over and done with, then he
; spends the rest of the day surfing the Net. Yes, Presenter Well, he may have been protecting his health,
I admit he comes up with interesting titbits of : Mr Smith. As we heard earlier in the programme,
'", information now and again, but I don't really people are worried about possible links
; need or want to know the number of UFO between mobile phone use and brain
sightings in Scotland this month, or that we ; tumours.
; could have got last year's house insurance for Mr Smith I still say it's just showing off.
17 less if we'd researched the market Presenter Well thank you for sharing your opinions with
\ properly. I've tried to limit the hours he spends us, Mr Smith. Next caller, please.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Molt
' Karen Hello, this is Karen. I'm an Area Sales Manager Caroline Thank you, though I'm not sure if I really
and I'm calling you from my car. qualify as a celebrity. After some of the experiences
Presenter Hello, Karen. What did you want to talk I've had with the press, I'm not sure I'd want to be
; about? more famous - it must be awful being hounded 24
hours a day. That incident at my father's funeral was
Karen What you were saying about the health risks of traumatic enough. There you are in the middle of a
: mobile phone use. I would certainly fall into a high deeply personal, sad, and what should be private,
risk category as, because of the nature of my job, I'm event when up pops some cretin and asks you to
', frequently out of the office and I spend up to three pose for him. I mean, w o u l d n ' t you have been
; hours a day on my mobile phone. tempted to use a four-letter w o r d in the
: Presenter Do you use earphones? circumstances t o o ? And then the next day it's
Karen In the car, yes, but not otherwise. splashed all over the tabloids that I've used foul
language during my father's funeral, as if I was the
; Presenter Then use them all the time, and try to limit one who was guilty of disrespect. There was a lot of
| the amount of time you spend on the mobile. Get talk about curbing the press at the time of Princess
". people to beep you and call them back from a Diana's death, but I don't see any evidence that
; standard phone instead. things have improved since then. I'd like to see
: K a r e n OK. But - sorry, I missed the first part of the Britain introduce a privacy law, such as America has.
; programme, so you may have said this already - 1
" thought mobile p h o n e s w e r e engineered to Presenter Jason, what's your reaction to that?
: meet existing safety standards. Jason Firstly, any suggestion of introducing a law against
I Presenter They are, b u t the p r o b l e m is that those invasion of privacy comes dangerously close to
: standards were set back in 1992 w h e n limiting the freedom of the press which, I think most
people would agree, is not acceptable in a
mobiles were generally used for very short
democratic country. Secondly, privacy laws are quite
: periods only. W h a t w e have nowadays is a
difficult to enforce, especially for public figures.
; pattern of frequent, quite long, conversations
Under American law that includes past and present
o n mobiles. All the research d o n e so far o n
government officials, political candidates, sports
: the effects of being exposed to electro-
figures and entertainers such as yourself, Caroline.
magnetic fields h a s b e e n carried out in
They are considered to have voluntarily
situations of high exposure for very short
exposed themselves to public scrutiny a n d
; periods, n o t in situations of prolonged
thus to have waived m u c h of their right of
exposure, as in your case. privacy. And despite the existence of legislation,
; K a r e n I see. Well, thanks for the information - 1 must there have been quite as many, if not more, scandals
say you've really scared me, though. caused by outraged celebrities protesting about
; Presenter It is scary. That's why w e need to press invasion of privacy as here in Britain. You no doubt
for further research studies a n d u p d a t e d remember when Alec Baldwin hit a photographer
t standards. Like I said, write a letter to your who...
; M P about it. Caroline Come off it! It's the photographers who cause
: K a r e n I will. Thanks. the scandals, not the celebrities - they're trying to
protect themselves. Isn't that just typical of a
Listening 3, page 81 n e w s p a p e r m a n to twist the facts r o u n d like
that!
Answer key : Presenter Please Caroline, let's not get personal. Jason,
; you were saying.
1A2B J D 4 C 5 B 6 C 7 D
: Jason Basically, I was making the point that laws don't
really change anything. They may allow celebrities off
Background information the hook when they are provoked to violence, as
Baldwin was. Or they m a y allow certain very
Caroline Carey, Jason Wyatt and The People's Voice
; aggressive p h o t o g r a p h e r ' s activities to b e
are fictitious. All the other characters, facts and events
I curtailed, as in the case of Princess Diana,
mentioned in this listening passage are real.
; w h o successfully took o u t a court injunction
A tabloid newspaper is another term for a popular against a paparazzo ordering h i m to stay at
newspaper (e.g. The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Daily Mirror). ; least 300 metres away from her. But no law is
The term derives from the size of the pages, which are going to stop these activities completely because the
relatively small. I paparazzi and the press are delivering what the
: public want - they want gossip and photos of stars.
Listening 3 - Tapescript I Caroline Oh, here we go again - the usual
; You will hear a radio programme about invasion of privacy. ; argument that you're just supplying what the
I m a r k e t wants. Certain people in the market
". Presenter Good evening. Tonight we will be discussing also want to b u y heroin or stolen cars, b u t
; the question of invasion of privacy and I have two ; that doesn't stop supplying those being
guests in the studio with me - Caroline Carey, star of against the law.
: the popular TV series 'Battersea Babes', and Jason
Wyatt, editor of the tabloid newspaper 'The People's Jason I'm afraid the facts speak for themselves, whatever
I Voice'. Caroline, I know you've h a d some ; you think personally. After the death of the Princess
b r u s h e s with paparazzi recently, so perhaps : of Wales in September 1997 national newspapers
", you'd like to give the celebrity's point of view first. ; sold an extra ten million copies. Big n a m e s a n d
\$tf>*
Proficiency Listening and Speaking Teacher's Book
exclusive photos sell papers and without Independent etc). The term derives from the size of the
them the papers wouldn't be able to stay in pages, which is double that of tabloid (or popular)
business and bring other, more serious, news newspapers.
to their readers. And what's more, many celebrities
are not above using the press for their own ends Discussion points
when it suits them. I seem to recall, Caroline, that
'Battersea Babes' had been suffering from a slump in
Suggested answers
the ratings not long before you went on a supposedly
secret holiday to St Lucia. 2 Popularity
Caroline That's true. they are status symbols
Jason And that was the same holiday during which they have become cheaper to buy in recent
photographs of you sunbathing topless were shot, years
apparently without your knowledge, and later they help children to keep in touch with
published in several of the tabloids, including my parents while they might not be confident
own? about using a public telephone
Caroline Right again. we live in a fast-paced environment, so it's
necessary to be always available/in touch
Jason Am I also correct in saying that the show's
ratings soared after the publication of the Functions
photographs? they allow you to keep tabs on someone's
Caroline Yes. whereabouts at all times
Jason A happy coincidence, perhaps. Or maybe they allow you to be contacted even when not
you didn't keep that holiday quite as secret at home/in the office
from the paparazzi as you later claimed. they are useful for rapid contact with people in
Caroline I...! emergencies
Presenter Hold on, please, Jason. This is a radio debate, they allow you to pretend to be somewhere
that you are not
not a court of law. Can we bring the discussion back
to the point you were making before about... (fade) you can call people from isolated places where
public phones are not available
3 Advantages
; rights organisation, when medical assistance is not Steve That's right. We're very concerned that often
j enough to save lives, our doctors will speak out l the infrastructure developed for tourism
: against human rights abuses. ; impoverishes communities instead of helping
Interviewer What action do you take when a crisis them. Quite frequently precious water supplies are
; strikes? : depleted to fill hotel swimming pools or water golf
; courses. Local people can lose their traditional
MSF worker We have developed a unique system of
I livelihoods by being moved off their agricultural land
" pre-packaged medical kits which allow us to supply
; or, in the case of fishermen, denied access to beaches.
: our medical teams rapidly with the equipment they
And frequently food prices become inflated,
need in the field. Thanks to these, and a
I thus causing hardship to local people. This
: sophisticated logistics organisation, we are usually
: ^ development usually takes place wirhour any
able to deploy in twenty-four hours or less.
consultation with the people whom it will most
" Once emergency medical aid has been provided, we
: affect. For example, in Zanzibar several British
: also help with providing clean water supplies and
: companies are involved in an enormous development
sanitation, organising immunisation programmes,
scheme, which will include 14 luxury hotels, a cruise-
I monitoring nutrition levels, and if necessary, setting
; ship harbour, three golf courses and a world trade
: up isolation units. We always recruit, train and
centre. The area where these are due to be sited is
work alongside local medical and
home to 20,000 people, but no local community
: administrative staff so that medical care can
; groups have been consulted about the project.
; be sustained once a crisis is over.
I Presenter I understood that several tour operators were
'. Interviewer Where does your funding come from and
now initiating programmes to minimise the negative
; how is it spent?
I impacts of tourism. Is this not in fact the case?
I MSF worker As I mentioned before, the majority of
: Steve On the environmental front, yes. Several tour
our medical staff, although all skilled and
operators have introduced schemes to review the
I experienced professionals, work as
; environmental policies of hotels they work with -
: volunteers. In order to maintain independence of
they audit areas like sewage treatment, water and
action and to retain direct control over the
". energy management and award seals of approval to
t management and delivery of aid, we try to raise at
; those that meet the required standards. A few also
: least half of our funding from private
consider the questions of fair trade - such as
sources. One common criticism aimed at
I are supplies being purchased from local people at fair
: charities is that much of the money they raise
; prices - and community relations, but there's
: is wasted on administration, but we're very
room for a lot of improvement. When it comes
proud of our record on that score. At least 80
; down to it, the most important issue is h o w
: percent of our income is spent directly on
local people are treated, not whether a hotel
operations in the field.
I has a sewage treatment plant. Some of the
: hotels that w i n awards may be
Part three, page 86 environmentally sound internally, but have
caused enormous problems when they were
Answer key ; built and may have infringed o n people's civil
19 No 20 No 21 Yes 22 No 23 Yes ; rights. The basic problem is h o w to reconcile
: sustainable and ethical tourism with
2 4 No 25 No 26 Yes 27 Yes
development, and when development actually
t means unfettered growth, as in the case of
; Zanzibar that I quoted before, I'm not sure
Part three - Tapescript that it can be done.
: You will hear a discussion about tourism and its effect on
countries which are tourist destinations. For questions 19 -
: 27, write YES next to those views that are expressed by Marking procedure
either of the speakers, and NO next to those which are not
expressed at all. You now have 30 seconds to look through 1 correct answer x 1 point = Total points
Part three. Total points / 27 = Scaled score
". Presenter According to the World Tourism Organisation Scaled score x 20 = Final mark
: about 550 million people cross international
I boundaries every year, and this figure is expected to
: double by 2010. Tourism is now the world's Marking procedure explained:
biggest industry, and it is growing fast. Award one point for each correct answer.
: Unfortunately, few of the profits made in (E.g. student A achieves 22 correct answers, i.e. 22 points.)
; tourism benefit local economies - the World Divide the total number of correct answers by 27.
I bank estimates that as little as ten per cent of every (Eg. 22 points/27 = 0.81)
: tourist pound or dollar spent actually reaches the
Then multiply by 20 to obtain a final score out of 20
pockets of local inhabitants. In the studio I have
marks.
: Steve Culley of the pressure group Action for
(Eg. 0.81 x 20 = 16.2)
; Responsible Tourism. Steve, I believe your group is
" working to inject fair trade principles into tourism,
; especially in developing countries.
Proficiency Listening and Speaking TeacherTi Boolv
Speaking
('pw mm i iiiiiijii'iu IIIUJIIIII pjiiu wHHuiaiipiimpiiim
Photographs Marking
Mark each candidate on a scale of 1 to 5 points for each of
Suggested answers
these areas:
Aspects (if contrast that the photogrftphs.show:
fluency
Photographs I a and l b show ihcuontrast between
modern and traditional lift* in Mediterranean grammatical accuracy
societies. vocabulary resource
Photograph 2 shows a contrast between tradiLinti.il interactive communication
and modern styles git architecture. pronunciation of individual sounds
Photograph 34depicts die culture dash between pronunciation of sentences
tourists and local inhabitants of ihe countries (see Preface, pages 2 - 5 for further details)
tourists visit.
Remember that points should be awarded on the basis of
linguistic performance, not on the candidate's general
knowledge or informed opinions.
Communicative activities Add the total marks for all six areas.
2 Discussion (E.g. student A achieves the following marks:
fluency - 3; accuracy - 3; vocabulary - 3; interactive
Suggested answers communication - 4; pronunciation, individual sounds - 4 ;
I low people become exceptionally wealthy; pronunciation, sentences - 4; Total marks: 21)
hv inlioritini; wealth Divide the total marks for all six areas by 3.
by .'i uimbinaliiin of hard work and good lurk (Eg. 21 / 3 = 7)
through astute imeMinenis Then multiply by 4 to obtain a final score out of 40 marks.
(Eg. 7 x 4 = 28)
by inventing something m> one else has thought of
bv exploiting the people who work for them
by hating a unique talent oi extreme beamy
a combination of somi- of the above
Passages
Comment on one of the passages, saying where you think the extract may have been taken from
and how it relates to the general theme of role models.
Communicative activities
I Describing
Role models are not necessarily public figures. Describe how a person from one of the categories
below has influenced your thoughts or behaviour, either as a positive or as a negative role model.
2 Simulation
If you were able to travel through time, which two of these people would you like to meet, and
why?
J Selecting
You work for a television company and have been asked to make a shortlist of people to be
interviewed on a programme about role models aimed at the youth market. Which three people
would you include in the shortlist and why?
*V-7fl Pearson
Education