Civil ENGINEERING CLUB

Faculty of engineering
University Malaysia sabah

Effect of seawater and lime in the geotechnical properties of stabilized soil which related to sustainability.
Title

Maizatul Akma Binti Abidin Bk11110165 Problem statement:

Chin Yen Ru Bk11110056
Group member

Adie Zulfadlie Bin Joe @ Mohd. Azmi Bk11160412

Yusdie Bin Yasimil Bk11110342
Leong Ming Choong Bk11110139 Can we replace tap water with seawater for stabilized soil during construction?
Siti Nurasleha Binti Sekol Bk11160411
Siti Fazilah Binti Tarazi Bk11110279
Diana Sela Augustine Bk11110067
To compare optimum water content, maximum dry
Objective
density ( ), coefficient of consolidation, void ratio,
specific gravity, shear strength parameters, and
Experiment Standard used permeability coefficient for both standard (lime + tap
1. Sieve analysis ASTM C136-06 water) and modified (lime +seawater) soil sample.
Methodology

2. Atterberg Limits ASTM D4318-10

3. Consolidation ASTM D2435 Sustainable Factors
4. Compaction ASTM D698 & D1557
5. Specific Gravity(Gas Jar) BS 1377-2:1990
6. Permeability(Constant Head) BS 1377-5:1990 The advantages of using seawater
1 2
7. Direct Shear Strength Test BS 137-7:1990 instead of tap water:

It is abundant and cost free

Construction at seaside will
reduce transportation fee
Timesaving
4 5 6 7 Save man work
3

1. Sieve analysis & Atterberg Limit 2. Rate of Cconsolidation

Percentage Passing VS Sieve Penetration vs Moisture

Percentage Passing, %

Size Content
100.00 25
Penetration, mm

20
50.00
15
0.00 10
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 27.00 29.00 31.00 33.00
Sieve Size, mm Moisture Content, %

Properties Value Standard Type Of Soil

No. 10 (% passing) 87.74 Classification Soil sample Coefficient of consolidation, Cv Void ratio
No. 40 (% passing) 65.67 Standard 0.017 0.032 0.194 0.033 0.475 0.467 0.466 0.464 0.453
USCS Prooly graded sands with silty-
No. 200 (% passing) 8.74 Modified 0.020 0.048 0.474 0.233 0.475 0.459 0.458 0.451 0.428
sands. SP-SM
Liquid Limit, LL 29.8%
AASHTO Silty or Clayey gravel and sand
Plastic Limit, PL 28.58%
Plastic Index, PI 1.22% USDA Sand
4. Permebility

3. Specific Gravity k1 (cm/s) Average k1 K2 (cm/s) Average Kave Average

(standard) (cm/s) k2 (cm/s) (cm/s) Kave (cm/s)
Soil 1 2 3 4 Average 0.448 1.045 0.627
Standard 2.2722 2.3798 2.4596 2.3699 2.37 0.505 0.489 1.774 1.626 0.787 0.745
Modified 2.2965 2.4078 2.3109 2.3746 2.35 Result & 0.514 2.06 0.822
Discussion
k1 (cm/s) Average k1 K2 (cm/s) Average Kave Average
5. Compaction test (modified) (cm/s) k2 (cm/s) (cm/s) Kave (cm/s)
0.082 0.123 0.0984
0.151 0.142 0.201 0.195 0.172 0.164
0.194 0.260 0.222

Graph dry density vs water content

6. Direct Shear Test
Graph Dry density vs water content
2500.00 MDD= 2350 kg/m3
1800 Shear stress vs normal stress
dry density (kg/m3)

standard modified Linear (standard) Linear (modified)

Dry density (kg/m3)

1700
Shearing stress (kN/m2)

10 y = 0.0635x + 5.0233
2000.00
1600 8
6 y = 0.0404x + 2.1461
4
OPT. WATER CONTENT=17.5% 1500
2
1500.00
0
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 1400
water content (%) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10 15 20 25 30
original sample AV=0% Normal Stress (kN/m2)
water content (%)

Parameters Standard Modified

OPT max Angle of friction 2.31 3.633
Soil MDD(kg/m3) standard sample (lime + tap water) Cohesion 2.1462 5.0233
w/c at Av 0% Reference:
modified sample (lime + sea water) Shear strength 4.4562 8.6563
original 2350 17.5 % 2300
Av 0%
Standard 1580 22 % 1650 1. F.D Bell Journal
Modified 1645 21 % 1680
2. Sustainability
Conclusion Based on the objaective and problem statement, we found that seawater is sustainable for stabilized soil in construction. state issue by ASCE