Saint Louis University

School of Nursing

For the
completion of the
requirements
in basic statistics

Short Term 2016 2017

By:

CASEM, KARL PHILLIP N.

WACAL, AL NASSER K.

To:
Prof. RAFLYN MANUEL-GUILLERMO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 i. SINGLE POPULATION

A. 5 Sample problems for Z-test:

1.
1.1) Blood glucose levels for obese patients have a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of 15. A
researcher thinks that a diet high in raw cornstarch will have a positive or negative effect on blood
glucose levels. A sample of 30 patients who have tried the raw cornstarch diet have a mean glucose
level of 140. Test the hypothesis that the raw cornstarch had an effect.

1.2) Hypothesis Testing:

a. Ho: The mean blood glucose levels for obese patients is 100.
Ha: The mean blood glucose levels for obese patients is not equal to 100.

b. Let = 0.05; 0.05/2 = 0.025

Critical Value: Z 0.05 = 1.96

Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Zc Z= 1.96 or Zc Z-1.96

c. Computation (using Z- test)

Zc = 140-100
15/ 30
= 14.61
Zc = 14.6

d. Decision:
Since Zc = 14.6 > z = 1.96 , the null hypothesis is rejected.

e. Conclusion and Interpretation:

The null hypothesis is rejected. Which means alternate hypothesis is now implies that
the mean is not equal to 100.

Reference: Hypothesis Testing. (2017). Statistics How To. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from
http://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/hypothesis-testing/
2.
2.1) The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences states that the recommended
daily allowance (RDA) of iron for adult females under the age of 51 is 18 milligrams (mg). A sample of
iron intake in was obtained during a 24-hour period from 45 randomly selected adult females under
the age of 51. It revealed that the sample mean was 14.68 mg. At the 1 percent significance level,
does the data suggest that adult females under the age of 51 are, on average, getting less than the
RDA of 18 mg of iron? Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.2 mg.

2.2) Hypothesis Testing:

a) Ho: The recommended daily allowance of iron for adult females under the age of 51 is 18mg.
Ha: The recommended daily allowance of iron for adult females under the age of 51 is less
than 18mg.

b) Let = 0.01
Critical Value: Z0.01 = -2.33
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Zc Z0.01 = -2.33

c) Computation (using Z-test)

Zc = 14.68 18
4.2/ 45
Zc = -5.30

d) Decision: Since Zc = -5.30 < Z0.01 = -2.33, the null hypothesis is rejected
e) Conclusion:
At the 1 percent significance level, the data provides sufficient evidence to conclude that
adult females under the age of 51 are, on average, getting less than the RDA of 18 mg of iron.

Reference: A Solution Template to Help in Hypothesis Testing. (2017). Isixsigma.com.

Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/hypothesis-
testing/solution-template-help-hypothesis-testing/
3.
3.1) Here are the birth weights, in grams (1000 grams = 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds), of a
random sample of 44 babies from Brisbane, Australia.
3837 3334 3554 3838 3625 2208 1745 2846 3166 3520 3380 3294
2576 3208 3521 3746 3523 2902 2635 3920 3690 3430 3480 3116
3428 3783 3345 3034 2184 3300 2383 3428 4162 3630 3406 3402
3500 3736 3370 2121 3150 3866 3542 3280

Health care officials are interested in whether there is evidence that recent prenatal
nutrition campaigns are working. Formerly, the mean birth weight of babies was
3200 grams. Assume that the population standard deviation of 528 grams. The
sample mean birth weight is 3276 grams. Is there evidence that the population
mean birth weight of Brisbane babies now exceeds 3200 grams? Use technology to
perform the appropriate hypothesis test, with level of significance a = 0.10.

3.2) Hypothesis Testing:

a) Ho: The population mean birth weight of Brisbane babies is 3200 grams.
Ha: The population mean birth weight of Brisbane babies is more than 3200 grams.

b) Let = 0.10
Critical Value: Z0.10 = 1.28
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Zc Z0.10 = 1.28

c) Computation ( using Z-test)

Zc = 3276 3200 x = 3276 Sx = 528.03272115 n = 44
528/ 44
= 0.9547859245

Zc = 0.95

d) Decision: Since Zc = 0.95 < Z0.10 = 1.28, the null hypothesis is accepted.
e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is accepted, which means in the alternate hypothesis, there is insufficient
evidence that the population mean birth weight is greater than 3200 grams.

Reference: file:///C:/Users/Genette%20Solis/Downloads/LaroseCh9%20(1).pdf
4.
4.1) When the level of hemoglobin in the blood is too low, the person is anemic. Unusually high levels of
hemoglobin are undesirable as well and can be associated with dehydration. A study by the Harvard
Medical School Cardiogenomics Group recorded the hemoglobin levels, in grams per deciliter (g/dL)
of blood, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A random sample of 20 male cardiac patients
yielded a sample mean hemoglobin level of 12.35 g/dl. Assume that the population standard
deviation is 2.8 g/dl. Test whether the population mean hemoglobin level for males undergoing
cardiac surgery differs from 13.8 g/dl using the p-value method at level of significance a = 0.05.

4.2) Hypothesis Testing:

a) Ho: The population mean hemoglobin level in male cardiac patients is 13.8.
Ha: The population mean hemoglobin level in male cardiac patients is not equal to 13.8.

b) Let a = 0.05; 0.05/2 = 0.025

Critical Value: Z0.05 = 1.96
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Zc Z= 1.96 or Zc Z = -1.96

c) Computation (Using Z-test)

Zc = 12.35 13.8
2.8/ 20

Zc = -2.32

d) Decision: Since Zc = -2.32 < Z = - 1.96, the null hypothesis is rejected.

e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is rejected, which means There is evidence that the population mean
hemoglobin level in male cardiac patients is not equal to 13.8 g/dl.

Reference: file:///C:/Users/Genette%20Solis/Downloads/LaroseCh9%20(1).pdf

5.

5.1) The recommended daily calorie intake for teenage girls is 2,200 calories/day. A nutritionist at a state
university believes the average daily caloric intake of girls in that state to be lower. Test that hypothesis,
at the 5% level of significance, against the null hypothesis that the population average is 2,200 calories/day
using the following sample data: n = 36, x-= 2,150, s = 203.
 5.2) Hypothesis Testing:
a) Ho: The Recommended daily calorie intake for teenage girls is 2,200.
Ha: The Recommended daily calorie intake for teenage girls is less than 2,200.

b) Let a = 0.05
Critical Value: Z0.05 = -1.645
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Zc Z0.05 = -1.645

c) Computation:
Zc = 2,150 2,200
203/ 36
Zc = -1.477

d) Decision: Since Zc = -1.477 > Z0.05 = -1.645, The null hypothesis is accepted.

e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is accepted, which means there is insufficient evidence that the recommended
daily calorie intake for teenage girls is less than 2,200.

Reference: Large Sample Tests for a Population Mean. (2017). Saylordotorg.github.io. Retrieved 2
August 2017, from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s12-02-large-
sample-tests-for-a-popul.html#fwk-shafer-ch08_s02_n03

b. 5 Sample problems for T-test:

1.
1.1) In the population, the average IQ is 100. A team of scientists wants to test a new medication to
see if it has either a positive or negative effect on intelligence, or no effect at all. A sample of 30
participants who have taken the medication has a mean of 140 with a standard deviation of 20.
Did the medication affect intelligence? Use alpha = 0.05.
1.2) Hypothesis Testing:
a) Ho: The mean average IQ is 100
Ha: The mean average IQ is not equal to 100
b) Let a = 0.05; 0.05/2 = 0.02
Critical Value: t (0.05,30-1) = 2.045
Critical Region:
 Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Tc t (0.05,30-1) = -2.045 or
Tc t (0.05,30-1) = + 2.045
c) Computation:
T = 140 100
20/ 30

Tc = 10.96

d) Decision:
Since tc = 10.96 > t (0.05,30-1) = 2.045, the null hypothesis is rejected

e) Conclusion:
The Medication significantly affected intelligence, it changed differently on expected value of
100.

Reference: One Sample t-Test. (2017). Statisticslectures.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from
http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/onesamplet/
2.
2.1) Suppose a random sample of 20 cells suspensions are chosen for which oxygen uptakes (in milliliters)
during the incubation are recorded. The results are the following:

14.1 12.2 13.2 12.5 12.4

13.6 14.5 15.4 14.2 13.6
13.9 14.8 12.3 14.5 12.4
12.8 13.1 14.5 14.1 12.9
Do these data provide sufficient evidence that the population mean is equal to 12.5 ml? Test at the
5% level of significance. Assume that the sample was drawn from a normally distributed population.

2.1) Hypothesis Testing:

a) Ho: The population mean is equal to 12.5 ml

Ha: The population mean is not equal to 12.5 ml

b) Let a = 0.05
Critical Value: T(0.05, 20-1) = 2.093
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Tc T(0.05, 20-1) = -2.093 or

Tc T(0.05, 20-1) = 2.093
 c) Computation:
Tc = 13.55 12.5 x = 13.55 n = 20 Sx = 0.9539392014
0.95/ 20
Tc = 4.94

d) Decision: Since Tc = 4.94 > 2.093, the Null Hypothesis is rejected.

e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is rejected, which means there is insufficient evidence that the population
mean is equal to 12.5 ml.

Reference: Garambas, Z. (2011). Basic probability and statistics (1st ed., p. 276). Baguio City:
VALENCIA EDUCATIONAL SUPPLY.
3.
3.1) Researchers wish to test the efficacy of a program intended to reduce the length of labor in
childbirth. The accepted mean labor time in the birth of a first child is 15.3 hours. The mean length of
the labors of 13 first-time mothers in a pilot program was 8.8 hours with standard deviation 3.1
hours. Assuming a normal distribution of times of labor, test at the 10% level of significance test
whether the mean labor time for all women following this program is less than 15.3 hours.

3.2) Hypothesis Testing:

a) Ho: The mean labor time in the birth of a first child is 15.3 hours
Ha: The mean labor time in the birth of a first child is less than 15.3 hours

b) Let a = 0.1
Critical Value: T(0.1, 13-1) = -1.356
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Tc t(0.1, 13-1) = -1.356

c) Computation:
T = 8.8 15.3
3.1/ 13

Tc = -7.56

d) Decision: Since Tc = -7.56 < t(0.1, 13-1) = -1.356, the null hypothesis is rejected.
e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is rejected, which mean, there is sufficient evidence that the mean labor
time in the birth of a first child is less than 15.3 hours.

Reference: Small Sample Tests for a Population Mean. (2017). Saylordotorg.github.io. Retrieved 2 August 2017,
from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s12-04-small-sample-tests-for-a-popul.html
4.
4.1) A dairy farm uses the somatic cell count (SCC) report on the milk it provides to a processor as one
way to monitor the health of its herd. The mean SCC from five samples of raw milk was 250,000 cells
per milliliter with standard deviation 37,500 cell/ml. Test whether these data provide sufficient
evidence, at the 10% level of significance, to conclude that the mean SCC of all milk produced at the
dairy exceeds that in the previous report, 210,250 cell/ml. Assume a normal distribution of SCC.
4.2) Hypothesis Testing:
a) Ho: The mean somatic cell count of all milk is 210,250
Ha: The mean somatic cell count of all milk is more than 210,250

b) Let a = 0.1
Critical Value: t(0.1,5-1) = 1.53
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Tc t(0.1,5-1) = 1.53

c) Computation
T = 250,000 210,250
37,500/ 5
Tc = 2.37

d) Decision: Since Tc = 2.37 > t(0.1,5-1) = 1.53, the null hypothesis is rejected.

e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is rejected, which mean that the data provide sufficient evidence that the
mean SCC of all milk is exceeds or more than 210,250.

Reference: Small Sample Tests for a Population Mean. (2017). Saylordotorg.github.io.

Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-
statistics/s12-04-small-sample-tests-for-a-popul.html
5.
5.1) The average number of days to complete recovery from a particular type of knee operation is 123.7
days. From his experience a physician suspects that use of a topical pain medication might be
lengthening the recovery time. He randomly selects the records of seven knee surgery patients who
used the topical medication. The times to total recovery were:
128 135 121 142 126 151 123

Assuming a normal distribution of recovery times, perform the relevant test of hypotheses at the
10% level of significance.
5.2) Hypothesis Testing:
a) Ho: The mean average number of days to complete recovery is 123.7 days
Ha: The mean average number of days to complete recovery is more than 123.7 days

b) Let a = 0.1
Critical Value: t(0.1,7-1) = 1.44
Critical Region:

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if tc t(0.1,7-1) = 1.44

c) Computation:
T = 132.29 123.7
10.98/ 7

Tc = 2.069 or 2.07

d) Decision:
Since tc = 2.07 > t(0.1,7-1) = 1.44, the null hypothesis is rejected.

e) Conclusion:
The null hypothesis is rejected, which means that these data provide sufficient evidence that use
of topical pain medication might be lengthening the recovery time more than 123.7 days.

Reference: Small Sample Tests for a Population Mean. (2017). Saylordotorg.github.io. Retrieved 2
August 2017, from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s12-04-small-
sample-tests-for-a-popul.html