Must know!

Dont reposition the person if you suspect a head,

Vital Signs: neck, back, or leg injury.
Norval Values:
Cover with coat or blanket.
Blood Pressure: 110/70 mmHg
Calm the person as much as possible until medical
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
help arrives.
Respiration: 16-20 cpm
3. Clean and Protect Wound
Temperature: 36.5 37.5 C

Wrap or cover the injured area with sterile dressing

First aid is the assistance given to any person or clean cloth.
suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care
4. Save Amputated Part
provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
In some cases, the amputated part can be
worsening, and/or promote recovery.
reattached.

Accidental Amputation If possible, rinse with clean water to remove dirt or

debris. Do not use soap or scrub.
Place in a clean, plastic bag.
Pack the bag in ice. Take it with you to the hospital.

Animal Bite

1. Stop the Bleeding

Wash your hands with soap and water, if possible.

Have the injured person lie down, if possible, and
elevate the injured area.
1.Stop Bleeding
Dont reposition the person if you suspect a head,
neck, back, or leg injury. Apply direct pressure until bleeding stops.
Apply steady, direct pressure to the wound. If
2.Clean and Protect
theres an object in the wound, apply pressure
around it, not directly over it. For a wound or superficial scratch from an animal

If blood soaks through, apply another covering over bite:

the first one. Dont take the first one off.
Use a tourniquet or compression bandage only if
bleeding is severe and not stopped with direct
pressure.
2. Check for and Treat Shock
With the person still lying flat, raise the feet about
12 inches.
Gently clean with soap and warm water. Rinse for
several minutes after cleaning
Get Help
Get medical help immediately for any animal bite
that is more than a superficial scratch or if the
animal was a wild animal or stray, regardless of the
severity of the injury.
 If the animal's owner is available, find out if the Insect Bites
animal's rabies shots are up-to-date. Give this
information to your health care provider.
If the animal was a stray or wild animal, call the local
health department or animal control immediately.

Burns

For mild reactions

To take care of an insect bite or sting that causes a

mild reaction:

Move to a safe area to avoid more bites or

1. Stop Burning Immediately
Put out fire or stop the person's contact with hot
liquid, steam, or other material.
stings.
If needed, remove the stinger.
Wash the area with soap and water.
Apply a cool compress. Use a cloth dampened
with cold water or filled with ice. This helps

Help the person "stop, drop, and roll" to smother reduce pain and swelling. If the injury is on an
arm or leg, elevate it.
flames.

Remove smoldering material from the person.
Snake Bite
Remove hot or burned clothing. If clothing sticks to
skin, cut or tear around it.

2. Remove Constrictive Clothing Immediately

Take off jewelry, belts, and tight clothing. Burns can

swell quickly.

Then take the following steps:

For First-Degree Burns (Affecting Top Layer of Skin)

1. Cool Burn

Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running

water or immerse in cool water until pain subsides.
Use compresses if running water isnt available.
2. Protect Burn
Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean
cloth.
Do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause
infection.
If you are bitten by a venomous snake, call 911 or
your local emergency number immediately,
especially if the area changes color, begins to swell
or is painful. Many hospitals stock antivenom drugs,
which may help you.
If possible, take these steps while waiting for
medical help:
Remain calm and move beyond the snake's
striking distance.
Remove jewelry and tight clothing before you
start to swell.
 Position yourself, if possible, so that the bite is
at or below the level of your heart.
Clean the wound, but don't flush it with water.
Cover it with a clean, dry dressing.
Caution
Attempt to suck out venom
Apply tourniquet, ice, or water
Give the person alcohol or caffeinated drinks or any
other medications.

Don't use a tourniquet or apply ice.

Don't cut the wound or attempt to remove the

venom.
Don't drink caffeine or alcohol, which could
speed the rate at which your body absorbs
venom.
Don't try to capture the snake. Try to remember
its color and shape so that you can describe it,
which will help in your treatment.

1. Note the Snake's Appearance

Be ready to describe the snake to emergency staff.

2. Protect the Person

While waiting for medical help:

Move the person beyond striking distance of the

snake.
Have the person lie down with wound below
the heart.
Keep the person calm and at rest, remaining as still
as possible to keep venom from spreading.
Cover the wound with loose, sterile bandage.
Remove any jewelry from the area that was bitten.
Remove shoes if the leg or foot was bitten.

Do not:

Cut a bite wound