Thermal Engineering-1

Assignment -2

1. A six-cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four-stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder is 80
mm and the stroke is 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70 cc. At the speed of 4100
rpm, the fuel consumption is 5.5 gm/sec and the torque developed is 160 Nm. Calculate: (i) Brake
power, (ii) The brake mean effective pressure, (iii) Brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value
of the fuel is 44000 kJ/kg and (iv) The relative efficiency on a brake power basis assuming the
engine works on the constant volume cycle r = 1.4 for air.
2. Describe the method commonly used for measuring the air supplied to an IC Engine. Discuss
briefly performance parameters of SI and CI engines with the help of performance curves.
3. In a test for four-cylinders, four-stroke engine has a diameter of 100 mm, stroke = 120 mm, speed
of engine = 1800 rpm, fuel consumption of 0.2 kg/min, calorific value of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg.
Difference in tension on either side of brake pulley = 40 kg, Brake circumference is 300 cm. If
the mechanical efficiency is 90%. Calculate (i) Brake-thermal efficiency, (ii) Indicated thermal
efficiency, (iii) Indicated mean effective pressure and (iv) Brake specific fuel consumption.
4. Discuss with suitable sketch the rope brake dynamometer and Hydraulic dynamometer.
5. The following readings are taken during a test of a four-cylinder, two stroke gasoline engine.
Diameter = 10 cm, Stroke = 15 cm, Speed = 1700 rpm, Area of positive loop of the indicator
diagram = 5.75 sq.cm; Area of the negative loop of the indicator diagram = 0.25 cm2; Length of
indicator diagram = 5.5 cm, Spring constant = 4.0 bar/cm. Find the indicated power of the engine.
6. a) What are the conditions for obtaining maximum efficiency in the case of a two-stage
reciprocating air compressor
b) It is desired to compress 17m3 of air per minute from 1 bar and 21OC to a delivery pressure of
7 bar in a single-stage, single-acting air compressor. Calculate the power required to drive the
compressor and the heat rejected during compression to cooling water if the compression is (i)
Isentropic ( = 1.4 for air) and (ii) Isothermal. Neglect clearance effects.
7. A two-stage, single-acting air compressor for a Diesel engine runs at 250 r.p.m. and takes in 6 m3
of air per minute at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 15 OC. It delivers the air at 70 bar and
compression is carried out in each cylinder according to the law pv1.3 = constant. Assuming
complete intercooling and mechanical efficiency of 80 per cent, determine the minimum power
required to drive the compressor. Calculate also the cylinder diameters and common stroke, if the
average piston speed is 170 metres per minute. Neglect clearance effects and wire-drawing losses.
8. The axial flow compressor with an overall isentropic efficiency of 85% draws air at 20OC and
compresses it in the pressure ratio of 4:1. The mean blade speed and flow velocity are constant
throughout the compressor. Assuming 50% reaction blading and taking blade velocity as 180 m/s
and work input factor as 0.82, calculate i) flow velocity ii) Number of stages. Take angle making
with velocity of fluid at inlet is 12O and blade angle at inlet is 42O.
9. Give the short note on any two positive displacement rotary compressors.
10. A centrifugal compressor handles 520 kg/min of air. The ambient air conditions are 1 bar and
20OC. The compressor runs at 20000 r.p.m. with isentropic efficiency of 80%. The air is
compressed from 1 bar to 4 bar total pressure. The air enters the impeller eye with a velocity of
145 m/s with no prewhirl. Assuming the ratio of whirl speed to tip speed is 0.9, calculate i) Rise
in total temperature during compression if the change in K.E. is negligible. Ii) the tip diameter of
the impeller iii) power required iv) eye diameter if the hub diameter is 12 cm
11. (a) Explain the effect of clearance on the performance of air compressor.
(b) Explain that volumetric efficiency depends on clearance volume and pressure ratio for a
single-stage compressor.
12. (a) Differentiate between a fan, a blower, and a compressor.
(b) List out differences between centrifugal and axial flow compressors?