Geometry Definitions

Line:Isdeterminedbytwodistinctendpointsandextends
indefinitelyinbothdirections.
PerpendicularLines:
Intersectinglinesthatformrightangles.
ParallelLines:Linesthatneverintersector
crosseachother.
Ray:Apartofalinethathasonlyoneendpoint.
EndPoint:Isthepointatwhicharaystarts.
Angles:Tworaysjoinedatthesameendpoint.
Vertex:Isthepointatwhichthetworaysmeet.
Sides:Whatthesidesoftherayarecalled.

RightAngles:ananglethatisexactly90degrees StraightAngle: Oneanglethatequals180

Basically,astraightangleisastraightline.

VerticalAngles: AdjacentAngles:
Verticalanglesareoppositeangles.Theywillformtwoacuteanglesand AdjacentAnglesaretwoanglesthatshareacommon
twoobtuseangles. side.Theyarealsosupplementaryangles,which
means,themeasureofthesumsoftheiranglesmust
d and b are vertical obtuse angle. They have the same measure equal180degrees.
a and c are vertical acute angles. They have the same measure
AdjacentAngles
a and d
a and b

b and c
d and c

AcuteAngles: ComplementaryAngles:
oneanglebetween0and90degrees. Twoangleswhosemeasures
addupto90o.

ObtuseAngles: SupplementaryAngles:Twoangleswhose
Oneanglebetween90and180degrees. measuresaddupto180.

Transversal AlternateInteriorAngles
Twoparallellinesintersectedbyatransversalformcorresponding Foranypairofparallellinesintersectedbyathird
pairsofanglesthatarecongruent.Severaltypesofanglesare line,thetransversal,alternateinterioranglesare
formed:alternateinterior,alternateexterior,correspondingand formed.Alternateinteriorangleshavethesame
verticalangles. degree.

o r
p q

Triangles:Thesumoftheinterioranglesofatriangleequal180

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Similar Two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional. Similar Figures have the
same shape, but not necessarily the same size.

For Example: The triangles below are similar. Therefore, the measures of their corresponding
angles are equal, and the corresponding sides are in proportion.

Side AB corresponds to side DE

Side AC corresponds to side DF
Side BC corresponds to side EF

AB AC 6 10

DE DF n 5

6 x 5 10n
3 n {the length of side DE is 3cm}

Alternate Exterior Angles

For any pair of parallel lines 1 and 2, that are both intersected by a third line, such as line 3 in the diagram
below, angle A and angle D are called alternate exterior angles. Alternate exterior angles have the same
degree measurement. Angle B and angle C are also alternate exterior angles.

n o

m t

Corresponding Angles
Corresponding angles are two angles that are on the same side of the transversal. Both are acute angles or
both are obtuse angles. They have the same measure.

Corresponding Angles

Study Tip: To help you remember this rule, think of corresponding angles as top-top and bottom-bottom
Top Angles m q Bottom Angles o s
Top Angles n r Bottom Angles p t

Corresponding Interior Angles

Angles on the same side of the transversal, and inside the parallel lines are supplementary angles, and
therefore the sum of their measures equals 180 degrees.
o q are corresponding interior angles
p r are corresponding interior angles

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