International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)

(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference CONVERGENCE 2017, 09th April 2017

Pulse Oximeter Using Arduino

Ms. Chaitali G. Gavhale1, Ms.Pooja G. Karhale2, Ms.Komal B. Patil3, Ms.Priyanka K. Jadhav4,
Ms.Mayuri R. Pankar5
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,PLITMS,Buldana1,2,3,4,5
Email: chaitaligavhale27@gmail.com1;poojakarhale@gmail.com2;komalpatil0695@gmail.com3;
jadhavpriyanka9995@gmail.com4; pankar.mayuri@gmail.com5;

Abstract-A pulse oximeter system is implemented,
which is used for real time monitoring of various
health parameters of a patient. Oxygen saturation,
heart rate and blood pressure are the vital
parameters calculated and transmitted to a receiver.
This paper relates the working principle of the
pulse oximeter which is an non-invasive medical
equipment which is capable of measuring pulse
rate, arterial blood oxygenation, hypertension and
hypotension. This system uses ARDUINO UNO as
a microcontroller having ultra-power capability
1. INTRODUCTION
Persons health is very vital factor in a world like
ours, so this paper is presented about a biodevice for
health. Non-invasive pulse oximeter is a safe, reliable,
real time and continuous measurement method and it
is widely used in patient monitoring. Pulse oximeter
measure not two, but three very important patient
parameter : blood SPO2, heart rate ,low blood
pressure and high blood pressure. Pulse oximeters
measure such parameters to a high degree of
accuracy. People with heart related or pulmonary
disease have to monitor their blood oxygenation
continuously, especially while jogging or
exercising[1].
In a blood vessels, the hemoglobin with oxygen
are called oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy Hb), whereas
the hemoglobin without oxygen are called
deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy Hb).A low blood
oxygen saturation is a signal of many bodily illness,
specifically respiratory problems. Allow oxygen
saturation can be from poor lung compliance due to
pneumonia, ADRS, fibrosis. It can be signal of airway
restriction or obstacles as a result of asthma chronic
bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, choking secretions from
intubation, or obstructive sleep apnea. A low blood
saturation can even be used to diagnose lead
poisoning and congenital heart disease[2]. The basic
operation of our system depends on the use of LED
light, which is used for computation of the oxygen
saturation. The spo2s in the blood is determine by
using red light took up by the blood and detector. The
second sensor used in the system is the blood pressure
sensor. The pressure exerted on the blood arteries
thats why system power consumption is very low.
We show that the suggested pulse oximetry system
works properly and that it is applicable for
monitoring and controlling a health parameter in
real time.
Keywords Pulse oximeter,non-invasive,oxygen
saturation,arduino uno.
during the circulation of blood over the another body
parts is called as blood pressure.
Currently, there are many different types of pulse
oximeters are present in the market. They differ in
size, quality and cost. The complex ones used in
hospitals are typically large and not portable.
However, there are various hand held pulse oximeters
for home use which are very small and easy to use.
The most familiar model is the finger model, which
displays the blood oxygenation level (SpO2) and heart
rate[3]. A wrist-finger model is very common in the
market.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The measurement of o2 saturation in arterial by
transmiting light through a translucent area of a
patient,is called oximetry[1]. In early days , a painful
arterial blood gas technique is utilized for
computation of oxygen saturation. But this process
was quite time consuming that it took 20 to 30
minutes to obtain the results. This delay is not
acceptable as severe brain damage can occur within 5
minutes of low oxygenation. According to survey,
every year 2,000 to 10,000 patients died because of
undetected hypoxemia and without estimation of
patient morbidity.
In 1935 Karl Matthe have invented the first pulse
oximeter device which is used to measure the oxygen
saturation in blood[4]. At that time the values of O2
saturation is not directly displayed on LCD but
display in the from of graph & that graph one can
calculate O2 saturation.
In 1937 the scientist name Hertzman have made
modification of the pulse oximeter invented by Karl
matthe ,Hertzan have made usage of the photoelectric

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference CONVERGENCE 2017, 09th April 2017
technique & device like photodiode & LED using this
technique the plethsmograph is obtain and from
plethsmograph one can made assumption of the O2
saturation.
Later on in 1972 Takuo Aoyagi have made
modification on pulse oximeter that was developed by
Hertzman.Takuo Aoyagi pulse oximeter measures the
arterial oxygen saturation using pulsatile changes in
absorption of red & infra-red light[6]. when changes
in oxygen in blood then there is a changes in red and
infra-red light intensity & according to that one can
measure the oxygen saturation after 3 years Japan
have introduce their pulse oximeter.
A notice was published by FDA in 2007, in Federal
Registers named as "Draft Guidance for Industry and
Food and Drug Administration Staff; Pulse Oximeters
Premarket Notification Submissions.s;
Availability".Pulse oximeters appeared on the market
after approval of FDA[7].
Recently: Pulse oximeter has become affordable and
widely available for domestic use.
3. SYSTEM DESIGN
Fig.1 gives the schematic of pulse oximeter
system which consist of amplifier unit, finger probe,
pressure sensor, LCD display, buzzer and arduino
uno.
Fig.1 System design diagram.
The amplifier unit uses operational op-amp as a
comparator which compares blood particles and
oxygen and gives voltage difference in the amplified
form.
Finger probe is used to acquired original light
signal reflected from fluctuating blood and tissue.
pressure sensor that can measures a persons blood
pressure and heart rate through an inflatable hand
cuff.
Further signal processing and computing are
done in arduino uno which gets analog input from the
finger probe and pressure sensor. The result can be
showed on the LCD display and buzzer gives the
indication of problem if any. In this paper, we focus
on the description of the pressure sensor, finger probe
and arduino uno.
3.1 FINGER PROBE:
The sensor probe contains the Light Emitting
Diode and a photo-detector to receive the light
coming from our finger.
Fig. 2 Finger Probe
In particular, the required condition of red LED,
is because of its place on the light extermination
curve, unpredictability in the Light Emitting Diode
wavelength can vary the exactness of the final SPO2
computation. In that case, having a narrow bandwidth,
or high intensity, is necessary. Having a wavelength
of 660nm is important, because almost all the
investigation has been concluded with this
wavelength, as its the easy way work with. Behind
the finger touch, there should be a photo-detector used
to convert the light signal into electrical signal. The
amplitude of these electrical signal is extremely low.
Therefore, an amplifier is added directly after the
photo-detector, to form the reading detectable. This
amplifier is called as comparator amplifier that is used
not only to amplify but also to convert the current into
voltage[7].
3.2 PRESSURE SENSOR:
The pressure exerted by the blood upon the
walls of the blood vessels specifically the arteries is
known as blood pressure. After pulsation of heart, it
contracts and pull down blood over the arteries to the
remaining parts of your body. This force causes
pressure on the arteries. Blood pressure is of two
types as systolic pressure (as the heart beats) and
diastolic pressure (as the heart relaxes between beats).
The unit which measures this is
called Sphygmomanometer.
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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference CONVERGENCE 2017, 09th April 2017
Fig.3 Pressure Sensor
Normally when the physician takes the patient's
blood pressure, he pumps the air into the cuff. Air is
pumped to be above the systolic value at start. Then
the pressure is evolved slowly, at one point, the
pressure in the cuff relates to the systolic pressure.
Then the pressure in the cuff will decreases furthers.
The diastolic pressure will be recorded at a point
when the variation starts to disappear.
4 .FLOW CHART
5. RESULT ANALYSIS
Table 1 gives the combined analysis of pulse
rate, oxygen saturation, high blood pressure and low
blood pressure of device. Fig.4 shows the graphical
analysis of these demonstrated data. Here both oxygen
saturation and pulse rate measured at the same time.
After comparing these values with desired values,
there will be some difference between the measured
values and actual values[6].
To remove these errors, ring sensor and
combination of low pass filter, notch filter and high
pass filter are used in proposed device. These
variations occur due to hand movement and small
portion of ac signal representing the arterial pulse.
Fig.4 Graph between Times v Spo2/Heart Rate
Table 1 Output Comparison of Proposed Device and
Existing Device
Our primary objective in designing a new pulse
oximeter was to reduce its power consumption as far
as possible without sacrificing any of its critical
medical properties. Therefore, we carefully examined
the power requirement of various stages of our pulse
oximeter. Though our produced pulse oximeter
currently dissipates considerably less power than
other actual oximeters, it is possible to reduce the
power dessipation of our oximeter even further to
around 1 mW. Beyond this optimal point, our
comparator amplifiers would have to burn more
power than our LEDs to sense their reduced input
light intensity so that the total power requirement of
the oximeter would rise again[9].
6. CONCLUSION
The reflection oximeter we design can obtain
oxygen saturation and heart rate information
continuously, non-invasively and real-time through a
pressure sensor and finger probe sensor.
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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference CONVERGENCE 2017, 09th April 2017
Our low-power pulse oximeter achieved more
than an order-of-magnitude reduction in power
consumption over the best commercial pulse
oximeters, and yielded similar performance as we Ms.Priyanka K. Jadhav.
confirmed with experimental measurements. Most of Pursuing Bachelors Degree in
this reduction was because of the use of a energy- final year Electronic &
efficient arduino uno and comparator amplifier that Telecommunication. Engg from
was inherently sensitive to the signals required for PLITMS Buldana, SGBAU,
pulse oximetry computations, and which was built
with distributed amplification, adaptive loop gain
Amravati, (MS), India.
control. Consequently, the highest source of power Email:jadhavpriyanka9995@g
dessipation, LED powers could be significantly mail.com
reduced. Our oximeter is suited for use in emerging
portable and wearable medical applications.

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Authors Profile: Email:komalpatil0695@gmail.c
om.
Ms. Chaitali D. Gavhale
Diploma in (E & T Engg) from
MSBTE, Mumbai. Pursuing
B.E. (E&TC Engg) final year
from PLITMS, Buldana.
SGBAU Amravati, (MS),India.
Email:
chaitaligavhale27@gmail.com

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