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EM Welding
Laser Beam Welding
Electron Beam Welding
Laser beam welding

(LBW)

Laser Laser beam welding

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Laser beam welding is a technique in
Radiation manufacturing whereby two or more pieces of
material (usually metal) are joined by together
through use of a laser beam.

Laser beam welding Laser beam welding

The focused laser beam has the highest The laser beam is a source of electromagnetic
energy concentration of any known source of energy or light that can be pro jetted without
energy. diverging and can be concentrated to a precise
spot.

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Generation of laser beam Generation of laser beam

when an electron is in an excited energy state,
it must eventually decay to a lower level, giving
off a photon of radiation.
This event is called spontaneous emission,
and the photon is emitted in a random
direction and a random phase.
An incident photon causes an upper level
atom to decay, emitting a stimulated photon
whose properties are identical to those of the
incident photon.

Generation of laser beam Generation of laser beam

The term stimulated underlines the fact
that this kind of radiation only occurs if an
incident photon is present.
The amplification arises due to the similarities
between the incident and emitted photons.

Generation of laser beam Generation of laser beam

The laser beam is a coherent (single phase)
light of a single wavelength (monochromatic).

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Properties of Laser Properties of Laser

Monochromatic
The light emitted from a laser is monochromatic, that
is, it is of one wavelength (color).
In contrast, ordinary white light is a combination of
many different wavelengths (colors).
Coherent
The light from a laser is said to be coherent,
which means the wavelengths of the laser
light are in phase in space and time.

Properties of Laser Laser beam welding

Directional
Lasers emit light that is highly directional.
Laser light is emitted as a relatively narrow
beam in a specific direction.
Ordinary light, such as coming from the sun, a
light bulb, or a candle, is emitted in many
directions away from the source.

Laser beam welding Laser beam welding

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Laser beam welding
Active Laser Media
Nd : YAG (Rod Laser)
Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
Yb : YAG (Disk Laser)
Ytterbium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
CO2 (Gas Laser)
Types of Laser beam welding
Laser conduction welding
Laser penetration welding
Laser conduction welding
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Laser beam welding
Laser conduction welding
Relies on the conductivity of the material
being welded.
The laser beam is focused on a specific area
on the material which by proximity will
conduct heat into the joint area to be welded.
Laser penetration welding
(Key hole welding)
Laser penetration welding is produced by
focusing the laser beam energy at a single
location until the stacked materials are heated
to a liquid state and some of the material
vaporizes creating a hole within the material
equal to the thickness of the material.
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Laser penetration welding
Electron Beam Welding (EB)
The application of highly accelerated electrons
as a tool for material processing in the fusion,
drilling and welding process.
Electron Beam Welding (EB)
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ELECTRON BEAM WELDING (EB)
Electron Beam Welding (EB)
The electron beam welding machine is made
up of three main components:
beam generator
beam manipulation part and forming
working chamber
These components may also have separate
vacuum systems
Electron Beam Welding (EB)
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Electron Beam Welding (EB)
A tungsten cathode which has been heated
under vacuum emits electrons by thermal
emission.
The electrons are accelerated by high voltage
between the cathode and the pierced anode.
Features of Electron Beam Welding
Highly concentrated very powerful electron
beam will be finely
focused ( approx. 5-10 microns Very high
energy concentration
An inert gas can be used as shielding weld
pool and hot metal
Very high intensive melting of the material.
Automatic and robotic welding.
Electron Beam Welding
Weldable Metals:
Low and medium carbon steels, alloy steels ,
stainless steels, cast iron, aluminium, copper,
Nickel, Ti, Mo,
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Electron Beam Welding (EB)
A modulating electrode, the so called Wehnelt
cylinder, which is positioned between anode
and cathode, regulates the electron flow.
Features of Electron Beam Welding
Welded in vacuum
High processing speed.
Concentrated heat input, low distortion.
Process parameters (power, speed, vacuum
level).
Weld penetration is very high.
Expensive and efficient welding processes