PROJECT : AL NAEEM MALL-33/11 kV SUBSTATION

CONSULTANT : POYRY ENERGY Ltd.,DUBAI

END CUSTOMER : FEDERAL ELECTRICITY & WATER AUTHORITY

CONTRACTOR : SCAN ELECTROMECHANICAL LLC LTD.

DESIGN DATA FOR CT LOOP RESISTANCE

LEAD LENGTH:

CT to 33kV Control & Relay Panel From 33kV Switchgear = 50 m

CT to 33kV Control & Relay Panel From 11kV Switchgear = 50 m

Hence Maximum Length of the CT Lead = 50 m

Total lead length between CT & Relay, L = 50 m

LEAD RESISTANCE:

Temperature co-efficient of resistance, = 0.00393

Lead resistance of 6 sq.mm cable at 200 C, RL20 = 0.00308 /m

(As per Doc.00105B - TPG & Cross Section Details of LV Control Cable)

Lead resistance of 6 sq.mm cable at 750 C, RL75 = RL20(1 + 20 (T2-T1))

= 0.00375 /m

Total lead resistance between CT & Relay, RL = RL75 x L

= 0.19

Lead loop resistance between CT & Relay, RLoop = 2RL

= 0.37
 PROJECT : AL NAEEM MALL-33/11 kV SUBSTATION

CONSULTANT : POYRY ENERGY Ltd.,DUBAI

END CUSTOMER : FEDERAL ELECTRICITY & WATER AUTHORITY

CONTRACTOR : SCAN ELECTROMECHANICAL LLC LTD.

20 MVA Transformer Differential Protection Setting Calculation

A)General Details:

1) Transformer Rating = 24 MVA

2) Voltage Ratio = 33/11 kV

3) Tap Range = +10% to -15% (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

4) Voltage at Highest tap = 36.3 kV (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

5) Voltage at Lowest Tap = 28.05 kV (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

6) Vector Group = Dyn11 (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

7) HV CT Ratio (33kV Switchgear IDT feeder)

= 600 /1A

8) LV CT Ratio (11kV Switchgear Incomer panel)

= 1800 /1A

9) Relay Manufacturer/Type = SIEMENS REYROLLE/Duobias-M (7SR2422)

B)Settings:

B1)
General Data

1) HV Side primary voltage = 33 kV

2) LV Side primary voltage = 11 kV

3) HV Side primary current at nominal tap = 419.9 A (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

4) LV Side primary current at nominal tap = 1259.7 A (As per Doc.NAEEM /SCAN /RAK /E /00019/00137)

B2)
Magnitude Balance- CT Ratio's and Multiplier settings

B2.1 CT Ratio

1) W1 CT Ratio ( HV CT Ratio) = 600 /1A

2) W1 Input = 1 A

3) W2 CT Ratio ( LV CT Ratio) = 1800 /1A

4) W2 Input = 1 A
B2.2 Interposing CT Multiplier:

HV Load current = 419.9

HV CT Ratio (33kV Switchgear IDT feeder)

= 600 /1A
selected

HV CT Secondary Current = 419.9

600

= 0.700 A

W1 CT Multiplier (HV ICT Multiplier) = 1

0.700

= 1.429

Transformer ratio 33 = 3
11

LV Rated current = 420 x 3 = 1259.7 Amps

LV CT Secondary current = 1259.7 = 0.700 Amps

1800

W2 CT Multiplier (LV ICT Multiplier) = 1 / 0.70

= 1.429

W1 CT Multiplier (HV ICT Multiplier) = 1.429

W2 CT Multiplier (LV ICT Multiplier) = 1.429

B2.3 Interposing CT Connection settings (Vector group Correction) :

The phase angle of the Line current flowing through either side of the power transformer may not be same
due to the connections adopted on the transformer windings. This requires an interposing CT connections
to be programmed into the relay to correct this difference in the angle.
As per Manufactures Application Guide Section 2.1.2

W1 CT Interposing connection (HV Interposing CT

= selection)Yy0,0

W2 CT Interposing connection (LV Interposing CT

= selection)Yd1,-30

B3)
Biased Differential Characteristics

B3.1 87 Inrush Element

1) 87 Inrush Inhibit

2) 87 Inrush Bias

3) 87 Inrush settings
B3.1.1
87 Inrush Inhibit

When Transformer is energised it will experience a transient inrush magnetising current into its energised winding.
These current will only flow into one winding and the level would be sufficient to operate Biased Differential relay
to falsely operate. To prevent the relay operative condition for this Non- Fault condition, the presence of
even Hormanics in the wave shape can be used to distinguish between the Inrush current and short circuit faults.

For Transformer application this setting must beENABLED

selected at

B3.1.2
87 Inrush Bias ( Phase, Cross , Sum)

This setting defines the method of inrush inhibit in the relay.

The even Harmonics in each phase is monitored and if it present in any phase and exceeds the set value
then all the three phases are blocked in "CROSS". As per Manufacturer recommendation, "CROSS" this
method will be used for vast majority of the application of the relay used in Power Transformer.

Setting Selected = CROSS

B3.1.3
87 Inrush Setting

This defines the Levels of Inrush used in the above parameter setting i.e Inrush Bias.
The setting applied will determine the level of even Harmonics (second & Fourth) content in the relay operating
current that will cause operation of the relay to be inhibited.

As per Manufacturer recommendation , the setting for "CROSS" methode

= is 0.2 X Id

87 Inrush Setting = 0.2 X Id

B3.2 87 Biased Differential setting

B3.2.1
87 Biased Differential Initial setting

This is a level of differential current expressed as a percentage of the chosen current rating, at which the relay will
operate with the bias current around normal load level.
This setting is selected to match the percentage on load-tap change range.

Unbalanced current checking in regarding with the tap changer position on

highest (-8) and lowest (+12) tap positions.

HV Side Current at Highest tap & Lowest tap position :

3
Rated HV current at highest tap position = 24 x 10

3 x 36.30

= 381.73 A

HV Current at highest tap position = 381.73 A

 3
Rated HV current at Lowest tap position = 24 x 10

3 x 28.050

= 494.00 A

HV Current at Lowest tap position = 494.00 A

Secondary current at Highest tap & Lowest tap position with selected CT Multiplier :

At highest tap position with = 381.730 x 1.43

CT Multiplier 600

= 0.9091

At Lowest tap position with = 494.004 x 1.43

CT Multiplier 600

= 1.177

LV Side Current :

Rated LV side Current = 1259.7 A

LV Side current = 1259.7 A (primary)

Secondary LV side current with selected CT

multiplier = 1259.70 x 1.43
1800

= 1
Differential current on highest and lowest tap position with selected CT Multiplier :

Differential current on highest tap position= 0.9091 - 1.00000

= 0.0909

Allowing 10% safemargin to accommodate CT errors

= 0.100

Differential current on lowest tap position= 1.1765 - 1.00000

= 0.177

Allowing 10% safemargin to accommodate

= 0.1942
CT errors

Available setting = 0.1 to 2 of In (insteps of 0.05 )

Hence, the Selected Setting = 0.2 In

87 Initial Setting = 0.2 In

B3.2.2
87 Differential Bias Slope setting

Some unbalance current will appear in differential (operate) circuit of the relay for predictable reason, for e.g,
due to the transformer tap position, relay tolerance, CT measurement error.
The differential current will increase with the increasing load or through fault current in the transformer, so, to
maintain stability, the differential current required for operation must increase proportionately with bias current.
The Bias slope expresses the current to operate the relay as percentage of the biasing (restraining) current.
The differential Bias slope setting chosen , must be greater than the predictable percentage unbalance.

The setting is based on Tap changer Range and plus CT Error must be made.

Tap change range = +10% to -15%

Hence Overall range = 25%

CT Error assumed = 2%

Overall Requirement of Slope setting = 27%

87 Bias Slope setting = 0.3

B3.2.3
87 Differential Bias Slope Limit setting

To ensure the Biased differential function is stable for through fault, this Bias slope limit is to be set.
It does this by increasing the ratio of differential current to Bias current required to operate relay above this setting.
When a through fault accurs, some CT saturation of one or more CTs may cause transient differential current to be
measured by the relay.
This setting defines the upper limit of the Bias slope and is expressed in multiples of nominal rated current
A setting value must be chosen which will ensure the bias slope limit introduces the extra bias at Half of the
three phase through fault current of the transformer.

Maximum through fault current (Limited by the transformer impedance)

(at lowest tap )

Transformer rating = 24 MVA

IDT - 1 :

Percentage Impedance of the Transformer

= 15.398% (As per Transformer Test Report)
at lowest tap
= 0.1540 p.u

Fault MVA = 24 = 155.864 MVA

0.15398

Considering the Max. fault MVA

3
Maximum through fault current = 155.86 x 10 = 3208.23 Amps
1.732 x 28.1

Corresponding CT secondary current = 3208.227 = 5.347 Amps

600

IDT - 2 :

Percentage Impedance of the Transformer

= 15.397%
at lowest tap
= 0.1540 p.u

Fault MVA = 24 = 155.875 MVA

0.15397

Considering the Max. fault MVA

3
Maximum through fault current = 155.9 x 10 = 3208.45 Amps
1.732 x 28.1

Corresponding CT secondary current =3208.453 = 5.347 Amps

600
IHVtap
CT Secondary HV through fault current on lowest TF (+9) = 5.347 Amps

B3.2.4
2nd Bias Slope Setting &2nd Bias Slope Setting

These settings are chosen to ensure the biased differential function is stable for high through fault currents
coincident with CT saturation.

2nd Bias Slope Setting = LINE

2nd Bias Slope Setting = 1.5X (Default Setting is Addopted)
Maximum through fault current (Limited by the transformer impedance)
(at highest tap )

Transformer rating = 24 MVA

IDT - 1 :

Percentage Impedance of the Transformer

= 13.800% (As per Transformer Test Report)
at highest tap
= 13.800% p.u

Fault MVA = 24 = 173.913 MVA

0.138

Considering the Max. fault MVA

3
Maximum through fault current = 173.913 x 10 = 2766.2 Amps
1.732 x 36.3

Corresponding CT secondary current = 2766.2 = 4.610 Amps

600
IDT - 2 :

Percentage Impedance of the Transformer

= 13.794% (As per Transformer Test Report)
at highest tap
= 0.13794 p.u

Fault MVA = 24 = 173.989 MVA

0.13794

Considering the Max. fault MVA

3
Maximum through fault current = 173.99 x 10 = 2767.4 Amps
1.732 x 36.3

Corresponding CT secondary current = 2767.4 = 4.612 Amps

600

IHV tap
CT Secondary HV through fault current on highest TF (-9) = 4.612 Amps

Maximum through fault current on lowest tap=position

5.347 Amps

Maximum through fault current on highest tap

= positon
4.612 Amps

As per Relay manufacturer recommendation,

Half the maximum through fault current on lowest tap position

= 5.35 = 2.67 A
2

Half the maximum through fault current on highest tap postion

= 4.612 = 2.31 A
2

During the maximum through fault condition, if one side CT saturates,

the differential current seen by the relay is = 2.67 A
 Available setting = 1 to 20 X In (insteps of 1)

2.67 Amps to be set based on half the maximum through fault current.

Hence selected setting of Bias slope limit

= is 3 In

87 Differential Bias Slope Limit setting = 3 X In

B3.3 87HS - Differential High set

This is an unbiased differential setting with a range of setting expresses as multiple of nominal current rating and
is to provide very fast clearing of terminal fault of the transformer.

This setting should consider Maximum through fault current and the level of Magnetising current.
The High set should set as low as possible but not less than:
1) the Maximum through fault current and Less than of the
2) the Half the peak Magnetising Inrush current.

a) Max. Through fault current

As per M/s.FEWAs data, the 3 phase minimum fault current at 33kV side = 21.626 kA

2 phase minimum fault current at 33kV side = 21626 x 1.73

2

= 18728 Amps

HV Side current with CT Multiplier = 18728.1 x 1.43

600

= 45

High set should be = 45 A

b) Magnetising Inrush current

Tranformer Inrush current = 2 p.u

Since Actual Value is not available in Test Report,Approximate Value is considered)
= 2 x 24 x 10 3
1.732 x 33

Maximum Transformer inrush current = 839.8068 A

(HV side )

Maximum Transformer inrush current = 0.840 kA

Corresponding CT Secondary current = 839.807

600

= 1.399678 x 1.43

= 2 In
However, As per relay manufacturer recommendation, for almost all application, 8 x In shown to be a good
compramise between sensitivity for internal fault and stabilty for external fault.
Hence setting selected

87HS - Differential High set = 8 x In

 20 MVA Transformer Differential Protection Setting Calculation

Selected Setting for Differential Protection

SL.No Description Settings

1 W1 CT Multiplier (HV ICT Multiplier) 1.43

2 W2 CT Multiplier (LV ICT Multiplier) 1.43

3 W1 CT Interposing connection (HV Interposing CT selection) Yy0,0

4 W2 CT Interposing connection (LV Interposing CT selection) Yd1,-30

5 87 Inrush Inhibit ENABLED

6 87 Inrush Bias ( Phase, Cross , Sum) CROSS

7 87 Inrush Setting 0.2 X Id

8 87 Initial Setting 0.2 In

9 87 Bias Slope setting 0.30

10 87 Differential Bias Slope Limit setting 3 X In

11 2nd Bias Slope Setting LINE

12 2nd Bias Slope Setting 1.5X

13 87HS - Differential High set 8 x In