fo".

kq [kjs
(tUe lu~ 1940)

fo".kq [kjs dk tUe NnokM+k] e; izns'k esa gqvkA ff'p;u dkWyst]

bankSj ls 1963 esa mUgksaus vaxzskh lkfgR; esa ,e-,- fd;kA 1962&63
esa nSfud bankSj lekpkj esa mi laiknd jgsA 1963&75 rd e; izns'k rFkk fnYyh osQ
egkfo|ky;ksa esa v;kiu ls Hkh tqM+sA blh chp 1966&67 esa y?kq&if=kdk O;kl dk laiknu fd;kA
rRi'pkr~ 1976&84 rd lkfgR; vdkneh esa mi lfpo (dk;Ze) in ij inklhu jgsA 1985
ls uoHkkjr VkbEl esa izHkkjh dk;Zdkjh laiknd osQ in ij dk;Z fd;kA chp esa y[ku laLdj.k
rFkk jfookjh; uoHkkjr VkbEl (gnh) vkSj vaxzskh VkbEl vkWI+kQ bafM;k esa Hkh laiknu dk;Z ls
tqM+s jgsA 1993 esa t;iqj uoHkkjr VkbEl osQ laiknd osQ :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA blosQ ckn tokgj
yky usg: Lekjd laxzgky; rFkk iqLrdky; esa nks o"kZ ofj"B v;srk jgsA vc Lora=k ys[ku rFkk
vuqokn dk;Z esa jr gSaA
vkSipkfjd :i ls muosQ ys[ku izdk'ku dk vkajHk 1956 ls gqvkA igyk izdk'ku
Vh-,l- bfy;V dk vuqokn e: izns'k vkSj vU; dfork, 1960 esa] nwljk dfork laxzg
,d xSj&:ekuh le; esa 1970 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA rhljk laxzg [kqn viuh vk[k ls 1978 esa]
pkSFkk lcdh vkokk osQ ijns esa 1994 esa] ikpok fiNyk ckdh rFkk NBk dky vkSj vofk
osQ njfe;ku izdkf'kr gq,A ,d leh{kk&iqLrd vkykspuk dh igyh fdrkc 1983 esa izdkf'krA
mUgksaus fons'kh dforkvksa dk gnh rFkk gnh&vaxzskh vuqokn vR;fkd fd;k gSA mudks
fiQuySaM osQ jk"Vh; lEeku ukbV vkWI+kQ fn vkMZj vkWI+kQ fn OgkbV jksk ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
blosQ vfrfjDr j?kqohj lgk; lEeku] f'k[kj lEeku gnh vdkneh fnYyh dk lkfgR;dkj
lEeku] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr lEeku fey pqdk gSA budh dforkvksa esa tM+rkvksa vkSj vekuoh;
fLFkfr;ksa osQ fo# l'kDr uSfrd Loj dh vfHkO;fDr gSA
,d de dfork osQ ek;e ls dfo us Lokra=;kskj Hkkjrh; lekt esa izpfyr gks jgh thou
'kSyh dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA vkkknh gkfly djus osQ ckn lc oqQN oSlk gh ugha jgk ftldh
vkkknh osQ lsukfu;ksa us dYiuk dh FkhA iwjs ns'k dk ;k dgsa vkLFkkoku] bZekunkj vkSj

28@varjk
laosnu'khy turk dk eksgHkax gqvkA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd vkilh fo'okl] ijLij HkkbZpkjk
vkSj lkewfgdrk dk LFkku kks[kkkM+h] vkilh [khaprku us ys fy;k vkSj furkar LokFkZijdrk
dk ekgkSy curk pyk x;kA dfo bl ekgkSy esa Lo;a dks vleFkZ ikrs gq, Hkh bZekunkjksa osQ
izfr viuh lgkuqHkwfr Li"V :i ls j[krk gS rFkk oqQN u djus dh fLFkfr esa gksus osQ ckotwn
Lo;a dks ,sls yksxksa osQ thou&la?k"kZ esa ckkd ugha cukuk pkgrkA blfy, og de ls de
,d O;okku rks de dj gh ldrk gS tks fd og djrk gS] ;gh dfork dk lans'k Hkh gSA
lR; dfork esa dfo us egkHkkjr osQ ikSjkf.kd lanHkks vkSj ik=kksa osQ }kjk thou esa lR;
dh egkk dks Li"V djuk pkgk gSA vrhr dh dFkk dk vkkkj ysdj viuh ckr izHkko'kkyh
<ax ls dgh tk ldrh gS] ;g dfork bldk izek.k gSA ;qfkf"Bj] fonqj vkSj [kkaMoizLFk&baniz Lz Fk
osQ }kjk lR; dks] lR; dh egkk dks ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; osQ lkFk izLrqr djuk gh ;gk dfo
dk vHkh"V gSA
ftl le; vkSj lekt esa dfo th jgk gS mlesa lR; dh igpku vkSj mldh idM+
fdruh eqf'dy gksrh tk jgh gS] ;g dfork mldk izek.k gSA lR; dHkh fn[krk gS vkSj dHkh
vks>y gks tkrk gSA vkt lR; dk dksbZ ,d fLFkj :i] vkdkj ;k igpku ugha gS tks mls
LFkk;h cuk losQA lR; osQ izfr la'k; dk foLrkj gksus osQ ckotwn og gekjh vkRek dh
vkarfjd 'kfDr gS;g Hkh bl dfork dk lans'k gSA mldk :i oLrq] fLFkfr vkSj ?kVukvksa]
ik=kksa osQ vuqlkj cnyrk jgk gSA tks ,d O;fDr osQ fy, lR; gS ogh 'kk;n nwljs osQ fy,
lR; ugha gSA cnyrs gkykr vkSj ekuoh; lacakksa esa gks jgs fujarj ifjorZuksa ls lR; dh igpku
vkSj mldh idM+ eqf'dy gksrs tkus osQ lkekftd ;FkkFkZ dks dfo us ftl rjg ,sfrgkfld]
ikSjkf.kd ?kVuke osQ }kjk izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] og iz'kaluh; gSA

fo".kq [kjs@29
 ,d de
1947 osQ ckn ls
brus yksxksa dks brus rjhdksa ls
vkRefuHkZj ekykeky vkSj xfr'khy gksrs ns[kk gS
fd vc tc vkxs dksbZ gkFk iSQykrk gS
iPphl iSls ,d pk; ;k nks jksVh osQ fy,
rks tku ysrk gw
esjs lkeus ,d bZekunkj vkneh] vkSjr ;k cPpk [kM+k gS
ekurk gqvk fd gk eSa ykpkj gw daxky ;k dks<+h
;k eSa Hkyk paxk gw vkSj dkepksj vkSj
,d ekewyh kks[ksckk
ysfdu iwjh rjg rqEgkjs ladksp yTtk ijs'kkuh
;k xqLls ij vkfJr
rqEgkjs lkeus fcyoqQy uaxk fuyZTt vkSj fujkdka{kh
eSaus vius dks gVk fy;k gS gj gksM+ ls
eSa rqEgkjk fojkskh izfr}a}h ;k fgLlsnkj ugha
eq>s oqQN nsdj ;k u nsdj Hkh rqe
de ls de ,d vkneh ls rks fu'pr jg ldrs gks

30@varjk
 lR;
tc ge lR; dks iqdkjrs gSa
rks og gels ijs gVrk tkrk gS
tSls xqgkjrs gq, ;qfkf"Bj osQ lkeus ls
Hkkxs Fks fonqj vkSj Hkh ?kus taxyksa esa

lR; 'kk;n tkuuk pkgrk gS

fd mlosQ ihNs ge fdruh nwj rd HkVd ldrs gSa

dHkh fn[krk gS lR;

vkSj dHkh vks>y gks tkrk gS
vkSj ge dgrs jg tkrs gSa fd #dks ;g ge gSa
tSls keZjkt osQ ckj&ckj nqgkbZ nsus ij
fd Bgfj, Lokeh fonqj
;g eSa gw vkidk lsod oaqQrhuanu ;qfkf"Bj
os ugha fBBdrs

;fn ge fdlh rjg ;qfkf"Bj tSlk ladYi ik tkrs gSa

rks ,d fnu irk ugha D;k lkspdj #d gh tkrk gS lR;
ysfdu iyVdj flI+kZQ [kM+k gh jgrk gS og n`<+fu'p;h
viuh dgha vkSj ns[krh n`f"V ls gekjh vk[kksa esa ns[krk gqvk
vafre ckj ns[krk&lk yxrk gS og gesa
vkSj mlesa ls mlh dk gydk lk izdk'k tSlk vkdkj
lek tkrk gS geesa

fo".kq [kjs@31
 tSls 'keh o`{k osQ rus ls fVddj
u igpkuus esa igpkurs gq, fonqj us keZjkt dks
fufuZes"k ns[kk Fkk vafre ckj
vkSj muesa ls mudk vkyksd khjs&khjs vkxs c<+dj
fey x;k Fkk ;qfkf"Bj esa
flj >qdk, fujk'k ykSVrs gSa ge
fd lR; var rd gels oqQN ugha cksyk
gk geus mlosQ vkdkj ls fudyrk og izdk'k&iqat ns[kk Fkk
ge rd vkrk gqvk
og geesa foyhu gqvk ;k gels gksrk gqvk vkxs c<+ x;k

ge dg ugha ldrs
u rks geesa dksbZ LiqQj.k gqvk vkSj u gh dksbZ Toj
drq 'ks"k lkjs thou ge lksprs jg tkrs gSa
oSQls tkusa fd lR; dk og izfrcc geesa lek;k ;k ugha
gekjh vkRek esa tks dHkh&dHkh ned mBrk gS
D;k og mlh dh Nqvu gS
tSls

fonqj dguk pkgrs rks ogh crk ldrs Fks

lkspk gksxk ekFks osQ lkFk viuk eqoqQV uhpk fd,
;qfkf"Bj us
[kkaMoizLFk ls banzizLFk ykSVrs gq,A

32@varjk
 iz'u&vH;kl

,d de
1- dfo us yksxksa osQ vkRefuHkZj] ekykeky vkSj xfr'khy gksus osQ fy, fdu rjhdksa dh vksj laosQr
fd;k gS\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
2- gkFk iSQykus okys O;fDr dks dfo us bZekunkj D;ksa dgk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
3- dfo us gkFk iSQykus okys O;fDr dks ykpkj] dkepksj] kks[ksckk D;ksa dgk gS\
4- ^eSa rqEgkjk fojkskh izfr}a}h ;k fgLlsnkj ugha* ls dfo dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\
5- Hkko&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,
(d) 1947 osQ ckn ls --------------------------- xfr'khy gksrs ns[kk gS
([k) ekurk gqvk fd gk eSa ykpkj gw --------------------------- ,d ekewyh kks[ksckk
(x) rqEgkjs lkeus fcyoqQy --------------------------- fy;k gS gj gksM+ ls
6- f'kYi&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,
(d) fd vc tc dksbZ ----------------------------- ;k cPpk [kM+k gSA
([k) eSa rqEgkjk fojkskh izfr}a}h ----------------------------- fu'pr jg ldrs gksA
lR;
1- lR; D;k iqdkjus ls fey ldrk gS\ ;qfkf"Bj fonqj dks D;ksa iqdkj jgs gSaegkHkkjr osQ izlax
ls lR; osQ vFkZ [kksysaA
2- lR; dk fn[kuk vkSj vks>y gksuk ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
3- lR; vkSj ladYi osQ varlcak ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,\
4- ^;qfkf"Bj tSlk ladYi* ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\
5- lR; dh igpku ge oSQls djsa\ dfork osQ lanHkZ esa Li"V dhft,A
6- dfork esa ckj&ckj iz;qDr ^ge* dkSu gS vkSj mldh prk D;k gS\
7- lR; dh jkg ij pyA vxj viuk Hkyk pkgrk gS rks lPpkbZ dks idM+Abu iafDr;ksa osQ izdk'k
esa dfork dk eeZ [kksfy,A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj
1- vki lR; dks vius vuqHko osQ vkkkj ij ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A
2- vkkknh osQ ckn cnyrs ifjos'k dk ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k izLrqr djus okyh dforkvksa dk ladyu
dhft, rFkk ,d fo|ky; if=kdk rS;kj dhft,A
3- ^bZekunkjh vkSj lR; dh jkg vkRe lq[k iznku djrh gS* bl fo"k; ij d{kk esa ifjppkZ
dhft,A
4- xkakh th dh vkRedFkk ^lR; osQ iz;ksx* dh d{kk esa ppkZ dhft,A
5- ^yxs jgks eqUukHkkbZ* fI+kQYe ij ppkZ dhft,A
6- dfork esa vk, egkHkkjr osQ dFkk&izlaxksa dks tkfu,A
fo".kq [kjs@33
 'kCnkFkZ vkSj fVIi.kh
,d de
vkfJr & fdlh osQ lgkjs
fuyZTt & yTtk jfgr] cs'keZ
fujkdka{kh & bPNk jfgr] ftls fdlh phk dh bPNk u gks
izfr}anh & foi{kh] 'k=kq] fojkskh
fu'pr & prkjfgr] csfI+kQ
izdk'k iqat & jks'kuh dk lewg
lR;
xqgkjrs gq, & xqgkj yxkrs gq,
n`<+fu'p;h & n`<+ fu'p; djus okyk
fufuZes"k & fcuk iyd >idk,
LiqQj.k & oQidih

34@varjk