Wilvin pateo HUMSS -11-A

Amphibolite-is a coarse-grained metamorphic rock that is composed mainly of green,

brown, or black amphibole minerals and plagioclase feldspar. The amphiboles are usually
members of the hornblende group. It can also contain minor amounts of other
metamorphic minerals such
as biotite, epidote, garnet, wollastonite, andalusite, staurolite, kyanite,
and sillimanite. Quartz, magnetite, and calcite can also be present in small amounts.

Biotite- is a very common form of mica. It is named in honor Jean Baptiste Biot (1774 - 1862), a
French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who researched the mica minerals for their optical
properties. Because of Biotite's abundance, its presence is usually lacking in collections except for it
being an accessory mineral to other minerals. Biotite can come in enormous crystal sheets that can
weigh several hundred pounds. Thin sheets can be peeled off as layers, and the thinner a layer is
peeled the greater its transparency becomes.

Calcite- a white or colorless mineral consisting of calcium carbonate. It is a major constituent of

sedimentary rocks such as limestone, marble, and chalk, can occur in crystalline form (as in
Iceland spar), and may be deposited in caves to form stalactites and stalagmites.
Chalk- is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of
the mineral calcite. Calcite is an ionic salt called calcium carbonate or CaCO3. It forms under
reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite shells
(coccoliths) shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores. Flint (a type of chert) is very
common as bands parallel to the bedding or as nodules embedded in chalk. It is probably derived
from sponge spicules or other siliceous organisms as water is expelled upwards during compaction.
Flint is often deposited around larger fossils such as Echinoidea which may be silicified(i.e. replaced
molecule by molecule by flint).

Feldspar-an abundant rock-forming mineral typically occurring as colorless or pale-colored

crystals and consisting of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium.

Hematite-is colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as
the main ore of iron. Varieties include kidney ore, martite (pseudomorphs after magnetite), iron
rose and specularite (specular hematite). While the forms ofhematite vary, they all have a rust-
red streak.
Limestone-is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the
form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters.
It is usually an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of shell, coral,
algal, and fecal debris. It can also be a chemical sedimentary rock formed by the
precipitation of calcium carbonate from lake or ocean water.

Pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated to Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate

minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. Pyroxenes are silicon-aluminum
oxides with Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Li substituting for Si and Al.

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of

SiO4 siliconoxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving
an overall chemical formula of SiO2. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's
continental crust, behind feldspar.
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay
minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
The ratio of clay to other minerals is variable.