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C. Marine upwelling zones
D. Shallow seas
User Answer :
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Inter-tidal zones are regions between the high tide and low tide area.
They are biologically productive, but foggy weather is not experienced there. So,
option (a) is wrong.
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Marine upwelling zones are rich in nutrients, as nutrient rich water is upwelled to
come to the top. But, again foggy weather is not experienced. So, option (c) is
wrong.
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Learning:
Areas where warm and cold currents meet tend to have regular foggy
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conditions, as the overlying warm and cold air come in contact with each
other.
They also tend to have high biological productivity, because plankton growth
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dense fog is there and it is one of the richest fishing grounds of the world.
2 When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over very long
distances. When such sand is deposited in large areas in a desert, it is called
A. Dune barriers
B. Hemiboreal
C. Dunestack
D. None of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning: You may call sand dunes as Dune barriers. But,
technically dune barrier is not a term. So, option (a) is wrong.
Hemiboreal means halfway between the temperate and subarctic (or boreal) zones.
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So, option (b) is also wrong.
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There is no such term as Dunestack. So, option (c) is also wrong.
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. All of the above
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User Answer : A
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: When air is heated, it expands, becomes lighter and goes up. Cold air
is denser and heavy.Lighter air tends to rise, and denser air tends to sink. Since it
affects air circulation, statement 1 is correct.
Air temperature is one of most important factors affecting its density. Other factor is
moisture. So, statement 2 is also correct.
High air columns (in which Jet streams etc. flow) blow at the height of 2-8 kms in
troposphere. Their characteristics like temperature, pressure or density is not
affected by the near earth air. However, they have a peculiar air circulation pattern.
So, statement 4 is also correct.
Learning: When hot air rises, cold air from surrounding area rushes there to fill in
the gap. That is how air circulation takes place. This can be affected by the factors
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as mentioned above.
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4 Why a higher growth can be reaped, despite a reduction in fixed capital (FC) formation in
the Indian economy?
A. FC is not directly correlated with economic growth rate.
B. FC includes construction of dwellings as a sub-component which may not
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add to the productive capacity of the economy.
C. Long-term growth can still be achieved if resources from FC are diverted
towards consumption.
D. All of the above
User Answer : D
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Option (c) is incorrect, as only short-term growth may be achieved if such diversion
occurs. In the long-term quality and quantity of infrastructure is a major determinant
of economic growth.
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Dwellings form more than 50% of the fixed capital formation in India.
Since dwellings do not add to the productive capacity of the economy, even if its
growth rate reduces, the economy can still grow. So, option (b) is correct.
As per the new formula, there are changes both in the variables included/excluded as
well as the weights assigned to them.
Generally, the higher the capital formation of an economy, the faster an economy
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can grow its aggregate income. Increasing an economy's capital stock also increases
its capacity for production, which means an economy can produce more. Producing
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more goods and services can lead to an increase in national income levels.
5 The earliest Tamil compositions are known as 'Sangam'. Why these texts are called
'Sangam'?
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A. These texts were the meeting of the best of the ancient wisdom and
contemporary values.
B. The poets composing the texts named it so.
C. They were composed in the city of Sangam.
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D. They were composed and compiled in assemblies of poets which were known
as Sangams.
User Answer : D
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Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Option (c) is incorrect as these poet Sangams were held in the city of
Madurai.
Learning: Sangam literature, were composed around 2300 years ago. Sangam
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literature deals with emotional and material topics such as love, war, governance,
trade and bereavement. These poems were later collected into various anthologies,
edited, and with colophons added by anthologists and annotators around 1000 AD.
Sangam literature fell out of popular memory soon thereafter, until they were
rediscovered in the 19th century by scholars such as Arumuga Navalar, C. W.
Thamotharampillai and U. V. Swaminatha Iyer.
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D. All of the above
User Answer :
Correct Answer : D
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Answer Justification :
D. 1 and 2 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
As per the new formula, there are changes both in the variables included/excluded as
well as the weights assigned to them.
Relative to the Thirteenth Finance Commission, the FFC has incorporated two new
variables: 2011 population and forest cover; and excluded the variable relating to
fiscal discipline.
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Q Source:http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/unequal-states/
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8 Consider the following statements about Sangam literature.
1. It is primarily secular in nature.
2. Women poets did not participate in composing the literature.
3. It does not deal with matters of governance.
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Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. All of the above
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User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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society.
Statement 3 is incorrect as it deals with matters of war, governance and trade. It also
deals with ethics, and on the various issues of life like wealth, virtue and love.
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9 Earliest Viharas were built for Buddhist monks and nuns because
A. It was to be the Central place for all monks and nuns for meditation and
contemplation.
B. It served as a permanent shelter for the wandering monks and nuns during
rainy season.
C. It served as a centre for propagation of Buddhist ideas.
D. It was used to organize the Sangha.
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation:All other options (a), (c) and (d) refer to the purposes served by
present-day monasteries, and not earliest Viharas.
Learning:Buddhist monks went from place to place throughout the year, teaching
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people. The only time they stayed in one place was during the rainy season, when it
was very difficult to travel. Then, their supporters built temporary shelters for them
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in gardens, or they lived in natural caves in hilly areas.
As time went on, many supporters of the monks and nuns, and they themselves, felt
the need for more permanent shelters and so monasteries were built. These were
known as viharas.
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Q Source:Chapter 7: Our Pasts-I
10 If you do not gave a GPS, you can still know the latitude of your place by
A. Measuring angle of Pole star from your place
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B. Measuring the angle between Pole star and Big dipper constellation from
your place
C. Looking at the direction of your Compass
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Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning Before we explain it in words here, do watch this video
http://study.com/academy/lesson/using-the-sun-stars-to-determine-latitude-longitude
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.html
Latitude is basically the angle of your place from the centre of the Earth (equatorial
position). Now, you can either find out this angle OR find out the angle of your
place with respect to the North Pole. Finding the latter is easier as Pole Star is
always found vertically above the North Pole.
If you can find your places angle from the Pole star (North Pole), just subtract it
from 90 degrees to arrive at your places latitude.
This cannot be done using a compass, as it merely shows North direction, and not
the direction vertically above towards Pole star. So, option (c) is incorrect.
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1. It occupies a very large geographical area.
2. It is self-sufficient in resources.
3. It is well separated geographically from rest of Asia.
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4. Geographical features and climate vary substantially.
5. It is on a different tectonic plate from the rest of the Asian continent.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 2 and 5 only
B. 1, 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
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D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:Statement 2 is wrong, as being self-sufficient in resources is not an
accepted criterion. Arabian Peninsula is also recognized as a sub-continent, but is
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Answer Justification :
Explanation:If you see a question on Mughal military, look for the keyword fauj.
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If its not there, you can safely remove such option, such as (d) here.
You can also eliminate option (b) as Mughals would have never allowed any
external intervention in the management of treasury.
This system was a failure because bidding was often not related to the actual
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productivity of the land.
The ijaradars were not interested in making improvements in land since the
land was auctioned periodically.
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The peasants were exploited by the contractors to extract more and more
revenue.
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Answer Justification :
Learning: There are three types of mountains- Fold Mountains, Block Mountains
and the Volcanic Mountains. The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold
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mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks.
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Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically.
The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben.
The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of such
mountain systems.
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning : A convex lens converges (bends inward) the light
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generally falling on it. Therefore, it is called a converging lens. On the other hand, a
concave lens diverges (bends outward) the light and is called a diverging lens.
The opposite is true in case of mirrors, i.e. concave mirror will converge light falling
on it, and convex mirror will diverge the same.
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Explanation & Learning: The ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter
wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun,
protecting life on Earth from its potentially harmful effects. Ozone absorbs this UV
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radiation and breaks down to oxygen. Oxygen is different from ozone.
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 only
User Answer :
Correct Answer : A
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Answer Justification :
The GEF also serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:
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The GEF, although not linked formally to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (MP), supports implementation of the Protocol in countries
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with economies in transition.
The GEF also manages two separate adaptation-focused funds under the
UNFCCC the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change
Fund which mobilize funding specifically earmarked for activities related to
adaptation.
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Q
Source:Improvisation:http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/indias-gr
eat-barrier-reef/
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17 As per the Nathpanthis and Siddhacharas, the way to salvation lies in
A. Renouncing the world and meditating on formless reality
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User Answer : C
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Option (c) can also be eliminated as no path prescribes self-inflicted pain to attain
salvation.
Option (d) was the path of the Buddha. So, this can be eliminated too.
The word Siddha in Siddhacharas should then straight lead you to option (a).
They advocated renunciation of the world. To them the path to salvation lay in
meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realisation of oneness with it.
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To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through
practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
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These groups became particularly popular among low castes. Their criticism of
conventional religion created the ground for devotional religion to become a popular
force in northern India.
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : A
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Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning:RE-Invest 2015 was the first Renewable Energy Global
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Investors Meet & Expo. The meet was organised by the Union Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy as a follow-up to the Make in India initiative of the Prime
Minister.
The central theme of RE-Invest is to attract large scale investments for the
renewable energy sector in India.
The aim of the meet is to evolve innovative financial models for funding and to
ensure the partnership of states and the Centre in harnessing renewable energy.
Germany is the partner country for Re-Invest 2015.
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Source:http://www.narendramodi.in/pms-address-at-the-inauguration-of-re-invest-2
015-the-first-renewable-energy-global-investors-meet-and-expo-7260
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C. a biography of the Gautama Buddha
D. a treatise drawing parallels between Buddhist teachings and Vedic ideas
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User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Other options can be eliminated as it does not confirm to the definition of a cartel.
OPEC was formed when the international oil market was largely dominated by a
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group of multinational companies known as the 'seven sisters'. The formation of
OPEC represented a collective act of sovereignty by oil exporting nations, and
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marked a turning point in state control over natural resources.
OPEC's mandate is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies" of its members
and to "ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient,
economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to
producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.
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In 2014 OPEC comprised twelve members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and
Venezuela.
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Q Source:Improvisation:
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/commodities/arab-opec-producers-br
ace-for-oilprice-weakness-for-rest-of-2015/article7600332.ece
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21 Which of the following factors were responsible for the crisis in Mughal empire towards
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The Mughals did not follow any definite law of succession. After the death of
every emperor, there ensued a bloody war of succession amongst his sons.
The successors of Aurangzeb were both weak and incompetent. This reduced
the effectiveness of imperial administration.
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New powers such as the Sikhs, Jats and Marathas came onto the scene.
Gradually they broke off from the Mughal domination and established their
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own independent states.
Governors (subadars) often controlled the offices of revenue and military
administration (diwani and faujdari) as well. This gave them extraordinary
political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal
Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the
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periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined.
The Europeans, especially the British, by way of diwani rights; fortification
etc played an important role in putting an end to the Mughal Empire.
The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali proved fatal for the
Mughal Empire
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22 Indradhanush strategy recently launched by the government relates to
A. improving the vaccination rates in rural India
B. making solar power more accessible to canal irrigated areas
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Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
December 2014. Hence, it is incorrect. Options (b) relates to solar park projects, thus
incorrect.Option (d) is also incorrect as GoI does not have any mission/scheme that
targets increasing rain in water deficient areas through cloud seeding.
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Q
Source:http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-16/news/65525479_1
_public-sector-banks-rating-agency-crisil-raman-uberoi
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23 Consider the following statements.
1. Excessive use of Chemical fertilizers makes the soil basic.
2. If the soil is basic, organic matter is added to rejuvenate it.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
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B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : C
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Explanation & Learning : Excessive use of chemical fertilisers makes the soil
acidic. Plants do not grow well when the soil is either too acidic or too basic.
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When the soil is too acidic, it is treated with bases like quick lime (calcium oxide) or
slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). If the soil is basic, organic matter is added to it.
Organic matter releases acids which neutralises the basic nature of the soil.
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24 Quartz clocks display time more precisely than ordinary mechanical clocks. Which of
the following mechanisms explainsthe working of the quartz clock?
A. Oscillation of the quartz crystal recorded electronically
B. Replacement of ordinary metal gears by more efficient quartz gears
C. Use of an electronic transition frequency in the electromagnetic region
D. Counting radio pulses emitted by quartz crystals
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Option (b) is not used in quartz clocks, hence wrong. Option (c) is
used in atomic clocks, hence wrong. Option (d) is used in pulsar clocks, hence also
wrong.
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with very precise frequency, so that quartz clocks are at least an order of magnitude
more accurate than mechanical clocks.
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Chemically, quartz is a compound called silicon dioxide. Many materials can be
formed into plates that will resonate. However, quartz is also a piezoelectric
material: that is, when a quartz crystal is subject to mechanical stress, such as
bending, it accumulates electrical charge across some planes. In a reverse effect, if
charges are placed across the crystal plane, quartz crystals will bend. Since quartz
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can be directly driven (to flex) by an electric signal, no additional speaker or
microphone is required to use it in a resonator.
The electronic circuit is an oscillator, an amplifier whose output passes through the
quartz resonator, and that is how the clock counts time.
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B. India has a National refugee policy and National Refugee protection law
C. India is a member of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) executive committee.
D. All of the above
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User Answer : A
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation: The Indian government has signed neither the Refugee Convention
nor its Protocol, and Indian law does not offer any special language or provisions for
refugees. So, option (a) is a correct statement, and cant be the answer. This also
means that (d) cant be the answer.
Learning:A possible reason for India not signing the Refugee convention may be
that a protection framework will encourage refugee inflow in India putting pressure
on resources. South-Asian borders are also very porous and any conflict can result in
a mass movement of people.
However, India does protect refugees. The Indian refugee protection framework is
based on executive decisions; judicial pronouncements; and international
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conventions (1984 Convention against torture which prevents forcible repatriation of
refugees). For e.g. under the RTA, even refugees can claim right to education. They
are also entitled to public health facilities; justice systems etc.
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Q
Source:http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/bePZQScFIq1wEWv9Tqt4QO/Why-Indi
a-wont-sign-Refugee-Treaty.html
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26 Tibetan antelope or Chiru is endangered because
A. Tibetan antelope or Chiru is endangered because
B. of illegal poaching for its fur Shahtoosh
C. of disruption in its local food chain due to heavy construction and
anthropgenic activities
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D. many Chirus have failed to survive frequent avalanches in the Tibetan region
User Answer :
Correct Answer : B
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Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning: The exceptionally fine underfur of the Tibetan antelope
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or chiru insulates it against the harsh climate of the Tibetan plateau. Unfortunately,
this fur, known as shahtoosh, also makes the chiru a target for illegal hunters.
Demand for shahtoosh, which is used to make luxury shawls, has pushed the Tibetan
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antelope to the brink of extinction. The wool is so fine, the shawls can be pulled
through a wedding ring.
However, the antelope must be killed for the fur to be collected, and it takes around
4 chiru to make a single shawl.
Shahtoosh shawls were traditionally given as wedding gifts in India. Despite strict
controls on trade of shahtoosh products and CITES listing, there is still demand for
these luxury items. Within India, shawls are worth $1,000-$5,000, internationally
the price can reach as high as $20,000.
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A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
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D. 1 and 2 only
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Burning of Wood is a chemical changes as after burning the
properties and composition of wood change irreversibly. So, statement 1 is correct.
Freezing a mixture is reversible, as well as, its properties does not change. So,
statement 2 is incorrect.
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The same applies to a blotting paper. By absorbing the ink, its physical properties or
composition has not changed. So, statement 3 is incorrect.
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Learning : Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called
its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its
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On the other hand, a change in which one or more new substances are formed is
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28 Which of the following is implied by the Right to Equality given under the Indian
Constitution?
1. All citizens will be treated alike by the state irrespective of their social
circumstances.
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C. 1 and 2 only
D. 2 only
User Answer : B
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Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation : All citizens are not treated alike by the state. For e.g. disabled and
transgender are provided reservation in public jobs and social security. This is much
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greater than that provided to normal public. There are numerous examples of
positive discrimination (SCs, STs, women etc). Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.
The state can discriminate reasonably when it comes to public employment. For e.g.
a state government can prescribe domicile requirement for local jobs. But,
unreasonable discrimination (e.g. on the basis of religion) is not allowed. So,
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statement 2 is correct.
Same legal provisions do not apply to all citizens. For e.g. women cannot be called
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to police station for inquiry in night; men can be. Punishment for sexual abuse is
more severe for a civil servant than for a normal citizen. Take another example, civil
servants cannot be dismissed without giving them a chance to be heard. The same is
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Therefore, Right to equality does not mean complete equality. It simply means
absence of unreasonable discrimination.
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Learning & Q Source: Entire Chapter 10: Social and Political Life -II
29 Which of these modern cities are also important Archaeological Palaeolithic sites?
1. Kolkata
2. Mumbai
3. Mumbai
4. Bengaluru
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 1 only
D. None of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:Statement 1 is incorrect as not even a single Palaeolithic site is found
even 100 Kms around Kolkata.
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Statement 2 is also incorrect as there is no such site in Mumbai, but Inamgaon (an
archaeological site) is close to Mumbai. Hunsgi is a Palaeolithic site near Bengaluru,
but more than 300 Kms apart.
Learning:Archaeologists name the periods that they are studying. They call the
earliest period the Palaeolithic. The Palaeolithic period extends from 2 million years
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ago to about 12,000 years ago. This long stretch of time is divided into the Lower,
Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. This long span of time covers 99% of human
history.
1. Fa Xian
2. I-Qing
3. Xuan Zang
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D. 132
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation:Fa Xian, came to the Indian subcontinent about 1600 years ago. Xuan
Zang (who came around 1400 years ago) and I-Qing, came about 50 years after
Xuan Zang. They came to visit places associated with the life of the Buddha as well
as famous monasteries.
Learning:Xuan Zang carried back with him statues of the Buddha made of gold,
silver and sandalwood, and over 600 manuscripts. He spent the rest of his life
translating the remaining manuscripts from Sanskrit into Chinese.
Xuan Zang, and other pilgrims spent time studying in Nalanda, (Bihar) the most
famous Buddhist monastery of the period. This helped Buddhism spread to China,
and South-East Asia.
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31 Which states/UTs in India have both tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen forests?
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1. Karnataka
2. Chhattisgarh
3. Andaman and Nicobar islands
4. Odisha
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
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B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
User Answer : A
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Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Small patches of evergreen forests are found in Odisha. So, statement
4 is correct.
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Karnataka falls under both leeward (less rainy) and windward (more rainy) sides of
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Western Ghats. So, both types of forests are found here. Statement 1 is correct.
Learning: Evergreen forests are mainly found in the areas recording over 150 cm of
average annual rainfall where the temperature varies between 25C to 27C. North-
East India, parts of Western Ghats, the Andaman and Nicobar, upper Assam, lower
slopes of Eastern Himalayas, Orissa, along the foot-hills of Himalayas, Bhabhar and
Tarai regions.
Decidous can be further found in Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh, AP, Kerala,
Karnataka, MP, TN etc.
32 In a metropolitan city, who is the authority to usually decide where a public park should
be established?
A. CEO, Zila Parishad
B. District Collector
C. Local MLAs Committee
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D. Ward Councillors
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
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Answer Justification :
Learning: The city is divided into different wards and ward councillors get elected.
The complicated decisions that affect the entire city are taken by groups of
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councillors who form committees to decide and debate issues. For example, if bus
stands need to be improved, or a crowded market-place needs to have its garbage
cleared more regularly, or there is a drain that cuts through the city that needs
cleaning etc. It is these committees for water, garbage collection, street lighting etc.
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When the problems are within a ward then the people who live in the ward can
contact their councillors. For example, if there are dangerous electrical wires
hanging down then the local Councillor can help them get in touch with the
electricity authority.
While the Councillor's Committees and the councillors decide on issues, the
Commissioner and the administrative staff implement these. The Commissioner and
the administrative staff are appointed. Councillors are elected.
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A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
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D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:Mauritius is considered a tax haven, but it has signed DTAAs with
several nations. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
DTAA aims at avoiding taxing a company doubly by both the host nation and the
home nation. For e.g. Microsoft is a US based company also operating in India. If
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both countries charge it at the normal corporate tax rates, the company will end up
paying at least 60% of its profits as taxes. To avoid this situation, countries enter
into DTAA and agree for a reasonable mutual division of taxes.
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Learning:The term tax haven has been widely used since the 1950s. However,
there is no precise definition of the term. Mauritius, cayman Islands etc are counted
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typically small countries/ jurisdictions, with low or nil taxation for foreigners
who decide to come and settle there
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Offshore Financial Centres: Some of the old tax havens have adopted the more
benign designation of offshore financial centre (OFC) and tend to describe
themselves as financial centres specializing in non-residential financial transactions.
Q
Source:http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Seychelles-No-Longer-a-Tax-Ha
ven-for-Indians/2015/08/27/article2995261.ece
34 Disinfection of Drinking Water in Rural Areas can be done with the help of which of
the following natural herbs?
1. Neem
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2. Tulsi
3. Garlic
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Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 2 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
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Answer Justification :
These traditional disinfectants can be substituted with natural low cost herbs. There
is now substantial evidence of their effectiveness in treating contaminated water.
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Explanation : Elections take place when State Election Commission organizes it.
So both options (a) and (b) are wrong.
Local bureaucracy cannot dictate terms to a body of voters who elect the Panchayat.
The duty of the bureaucracy is to help the Gram Sabha in the discharge of its duties.
So, option (d) is also wrong.
Learning: The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered
by a Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages. In some states, as
in the example above, a village meeting is held for each village.
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Anyone who is 18 years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of
the Gram Sabha.
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Q Source: Chapter 5: Social and Political life I
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Option (b) can also be eliminated as Pandyas were based on the bank of the river
Thamirabarani in Tirunelveli.
Chera dynasty occupied land between the river Perar and river Periyar. So, you can
eliminate option (d) as it does not related to Kaveri as mentioned in statement 2.
Therefore, you need not know all the statements in order to answer a question.
The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition
to the Ganges in northern India which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the
occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as
by the repeated embassies to China. The Chola fleet represented the zenith of
ancient Indian sea power.
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37 Westerlies and Easterlies are
A. Seasonal winds
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B. Local winds confined to the equator
C. Permanent winds
D. Trade winds
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Since Westerlies and Easterlies blow throughout the year, they cannot
be called seasonal winds. So, option (a) is wrong.
H
Trade winds are confined the area near equator, whereas Westerlies and Easterlies
blow even beyond the sub-tropics. So, both options (b) and (d) are wrong.
G
1. Permanent winds The trade winds, westerlies and easterlies are the
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3. Local winds These blow only during a particular period of the day or year
in a small area. For example, land and sea breeze; Loo in India.
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Option (a) points to Monsoon, and not retreating Monsoon. So, it is
wrong.
The wind flow mentioned in options (c) and (d) do not correspond to any
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Monsoonal activity in India. So, both are wrong.
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Learning: During the onset and advance of monsoon winds blow from Arabian Sea
and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these
winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.
During the season of retreating Monsoon, winds move back from the mainland to
the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra
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Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Along with Afghanistan in the Golden Crescent, it has been one of the most
extensive opium-producing areas of Asia and of the world since the 1950s.
The Golden Triangle designates the confluence of the Ruak River and the Mekong
River, since the term has been appropriated by the Thai tourist industry to describe
the nearby border tripoint of Thailand, Laos and Myanmar.
Source:http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-in-tale-of-drugs-guns-reas
on-why-end-of-war-might-not-mean-peace-for-myanmar/
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Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
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C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 only
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation & Learning:Shrenis or Ancient Indian guilds are a unique and multi-
faceted form of organisation, which combined the functions of a democratic
government, a trade union, a court of justice and a technological institution.
H
Many crafts persons and merchants formed these associations. These shrenis of
crafts persons provided training, procured raw material, and distributed the finished
product. Then shrenis of merchants organised the trade.
G
Shrenis also served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money. This
was invested, and part of the interest was returned or used to support religious
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41 Lithosphere includes
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1. Oceans
2. Mountains
3. Plateaus
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Learning:Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made
up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface
with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
Other spheres include hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the combination of all i.e.
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biosphere.
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Q Source:Page 3: Chapter 1: Our Environment
42 Apart from Statecraft, Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, deals with which of the
following matters?
1. Division of natural resources between states
2. Military strategy
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3. Economic policy
4. Issues of Welfare
5. Ethics
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
H
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 4 and 5 only
C. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
G
Answer Justification :
minerals, wildlife).
Statement 4 and 5 are correct as Arthashastra also explores issues of welfare (for
instance, redistribution of wealth during a famine) and the collective ethics that hold
a society together. It also deals with ethics of economics (e.g. equity in wealth
distribution) and the duties and obligations of a king.
include descriptive cultural details on topics such as mineralogy, mining and metals,
agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine and the use of wildlife.
43 The inscriptions of the Pallavas mention a number of local assemblies. One of them was
'Ur'. It was found in areas where
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A. military and police controlled village assemblies
B. land owners were not Brahmins
C. nagaram (city) was an organization of merchants
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D. Both (b) and (c)
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Learning:The ur was a village assembly found in areas where the land owners
were not Brahmins, and the nagaram was an organisation of merchants. It is likely
that these assemblies were controlled by rich and powerful landowners and
merchants. Many of these local assemblies continued to function for centuries.
H
Other assemblies mentioned in the inscriptions usually include the sabha, which
was an assembly of brahmin land owners. This assembly functioned through
subcommittees, which looked after irrigation, agricultural operations, making roads,
G
C. Mediterranean vegetation
D. Tropical grasslands
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification : Explanation: Mediterranean vegetation is very different from
Tropical deciduous forests. Mediterranean regions are marked by hot dry summers
and mild rainy winters. So, option (c) is wrong. Other options do not come even
close to Tropical deciduous forests.Learning: Tropical deciduous are the monsoon
forests found in the large part of India, northern Australia and in Central America.
These regions experience seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season
to conserve water. The hardwood trees found in these forests are sal, teak, neem and
shisham. Hardwood trees are extremely useful for making furniture, transport and
constructional materials. Tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys are the
common animals of these regions.Q Source: Our Environment: page 40: Chapter 6
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C. an ancient travel route to East Asia taken by the Buddhist travellers
D. the ancient trade route which was spread across China to Mediterranean Sea
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User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
It is also an ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were
central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the
H
West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers
from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time.
G
In June 2014 UNESCO designated the Chang'an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road
as a World Heritage Site.
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Explanation:Option (d) is the answer as the theme mentioned was of WED 2010,
not 2015.
Theme for 2015 was Seven Billion Dreams; One Planet; Consume with Care.
It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 on the day that
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment began.
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The theme for 2014 was:-'Small Islands and Climate Change',
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Q Source:Wikipedia: Improvisation: Page 5: Chapter 1: Our Environment
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Mesosphere, i.e. option (a) cant be the answer as Meteorites burn up
to this layer.
Thermosphere, i.e. option (c) cant be the answer as Ozone is not found here.
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All weather phenomena take place in Troposphere. Thus, option (b) cant also be the
answer.
Learning: Ozone which protects us from UV rays is found here. Stratosphere is also
stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther
down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler
higher up and warmer farther down.
km altitude above the surface, while at the poles it starts at about 8 km altitude, and
near the equator it may start at altitudes as high as 18 km.
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2. Compact Disk
3. Thin film of oil floating on water
The rainbow pattern that you see in the above cases is due to which phenomenon?
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A. Constructive and destructive interference of the light
B. Diffraction and dispersion of light only
C. Refraction and reflection of light only
D. Total internal reflection of light only
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : A
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Answer Justification :
Explanation: Diffraction is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge
of an object. Dispersion is splitting of light into its 7 colour components. These do
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not explain the phenomenon of rainbow formation. So, option (b) is wrong.
Refraction, reflection, and total internal reflection of light do take place in the
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process, but they do not explain the entire phenomenon of rainbow phenomenon. So,
option (a) is the most appropriate.
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http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question52.htm
IN
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/experiments/exp/colours-in-cds/
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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international payment obligations both short and long terms, including sovereign
and commercial debts, financing of imports, for intervention in the foreign currency
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markets during periods of volatility, besides helping to boost the confidence of the
market in the ability of a country to meet its external obligations and to absorb any
unforseen external shocks, contingencies or unexpected capital movements.
India's foreign exchange reserves comprise foreign currency assets, gold and special
drawing rights allocated to it by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)in addition
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to the reserves it has parked with the fund.
Q
H
Source:Improvisation:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indias-fo
rex-reserves-falls-2-billion-to-below-350-billion-again/articleshow/49195937.cms
G
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Periodic expansion and contraction of earths crust may happen due to temperature
changes. But, these are not significant enough to cause large scale movement of
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51 A meander loop cuts off from the river and forms an ox-bow lake. How is the lake
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formed?
A. Lateral erosion of all banks
B. River bed erosion
C. Continuous erosion and deposition on the sides of the meander
D. Deposition on all banks
User Answer : C
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Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Not all banks in a river course are eroded. There is deposition on
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some banks and erosion on some. So, options (a) and (d) are wrong.
For e.g. when a river rushes into a bend, there is likely to be erosion of one bank,
G
and deposition on the opposite one. This is because velocity of water on the two
sides of bank is different. Where velocity is more, erosion takes place, and where it
is less deposition takes place.
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Option (b) is also wrong, as river bed erosion does not solely lead to the formation
of ox-bow lakes. However, it is true that the silt carried by the river is due to this
bed erosion only.
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Learning: As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends
known as meanders. Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the
meander, the ends of the meander loop come closer and closer. In due course of time
the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut-off lake, also called an ox-
bow lake.
Explanation: CO2 does not trap direct solar radiation (as explained below). So,
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option (b) is wrong.
Heat conduction is done by contact of air with surface of earth, not by carbon
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dioxide. So, option (c) is also wrong.
It does not also capture UV rays (that is done by Ozone layer). So, option (d) is
wrong.
Learning: Fossil fuels such as gasoline, methane and propane contain mostly
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carbon. When these fuels are burned, they react with oxygen and produce carbon
dioxide.
Most of the light energy from the sun is emitted in wavelengths shorter than 4,000
nanometers. The heat energy released from the earth, however, is released in
H
wavelengths longer than 4,000 nanometers. Carbon dioxide doesn't absorb the
energy from the sun, but it does absorb some of the heat energy released from the
earth.
G
When a molecule of carbon dioxide absorbs heat energy, it goes into an excited
unstable state. It can become stable again by releasing the energy it absorbed. Some
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of the released energy will go back to the earth and some will go out into space.
So in effect, carbon dioxide lets the light energy in, but doesn't let all of the heat
energy out, similar to a greenhouse.
IN
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Earth's hydrological cycle is only partly responsible for the weather.
For e.g. rainfall pattern, movements of ocean water etc. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Primordial heat inside the earth manifests itself in form of moving molten magma
inside the earth. This however is responsible for tectonic and geo-morphological
processes, not weather phenomenon. So, option (b) is also wrong.
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Rotation of earth does cause wind movements; change of day and night; distribution
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of heat on earth etc. However, it does not explain several other phenomena such as
seasons on earth; extreme heat and cold in Poles etc. So, option (c) is also incorrect.
Suns energy causes all these, and is ultimately responsible for life and activity on
earth, which also subsumes weather phenomena. Hence, option (d) is the answer.
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Learning : sun is the primary source of energy that causes changes in the weather.
Energy absorbed and reflected by the earths surface, oceans and the atmosphere
play important roles in determining the weather at any place.
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Learning:Most of the things that have been found by archaeologists are made of
stone, shell and metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver. Copper and bronze
were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Gold and silver were
used to make ornaments and vessels. Copper was probably sourced from present-
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3. Some oil-based paints
4. Pocket Calculator
5. LCDs(display)
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6. Barometer
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 2, 3 and 6 only
B. 1, 4 and 5 only
C. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only
D. All of the above
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User Answer : B
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Button cell batteries use Mercury, not Laptop batteries. So, statement
1 is wrong.
G
Learning : Mercury is a highly toxic element that can harm the brain, kidney, and
lungs. As the only element or metal that is liquid at room temperature, it is used in
many common household products and fixtures. Mercury can enter our bodies
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56 Burning coal generates fly ash which contains several toxic pollutants. These include
1. Lead
2. Zinc
3. Arsenic
4. Plutonium
5. Cadmium
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 5 only
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C. 1, 4 and 5 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
User Answer : D
IA
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning: Burning coal, whether local or imported, generates large
quantities of fly ash containing toxic pollutants like lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium,
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sulphur, mercury and radioactive uranium/ thorium isotopes, which adversely affect
the health of the people near the power stations, often the rural poor, whose
disadvantage is worsened by these health impacts.
Studies on people residing near coal-based power plants along the border of Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have revealed unsafe levels of mercury in their blood
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samples, at times as high as 110 parts per billion. Similarly, studies around a coal
power plant in the Punjab have indicated widespread radioactive contamination of
the environment, impacting the health of pregnant women and children.
G
Q
Source:http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/07/coal-is-not-the-an
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swer-to-indias-energy-poverty-whatever-tony-abbott-says
57 If you stand at a distance of 1m from a plane mirror, how far will your image form
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Explanation & Learning : In a plane mirror, image is always at the same distance
behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. So, if your distance from the mirror is
1m, image will be formed 1m behind the mirror.
This is because the plane mirror does not bend light as other spherical mirrors do. It
simply reflects and projects it.
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58 Which of the following laws deal with Disaster Management in India?
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1. Wild life (protection) act, 1972
2. Public liability insurance act, 1991
3. Food safety and standards act 2006
4. Forest (conservation) act, 1980
5. Indian Sale of Goods Act 1930
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Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 5 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
H
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
G
Explanation: Both Wild life (protection) act, 1972 and Forest (conservation) act,
1980 have provisions for fire management in forests to protect wildlife. Thus,
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statement 1 and 4 are correct. Public liability insurance act, 1991 provides for
insurance to give immediate relief to the persons affected by accident occurring
while handling any hazardous substance and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto. Thus, it covers disaster management and statement 2 is correct.
IN
Food safety and standards act 2006 prohibits manufacture, storage and use of
products unsafe of human consumption. It also provides for quality standards and
testing so that food consumption does not result in mass poisoning, disease and
death. Thus, it covers disaster management and statement 3 is correct.Indian Sale of
Goods Act 1930 defines buyers, sellers etc. So, statement 3 is incorrect.
Q Source:
https://ndma.gov.in/images/pdf/COMPENDIUM-OF-LAWS-ON-DISASTER-MAN
AGEMENT.pdf
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User Answer :
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Learning:In 1860s, when railway lines were being laid down for the first time in the
Punjab, engineers stumbled upon the site of Harappa in present-day Pakistan.
Then, in 1930s archaeologists found the site, and realised that this was one of the
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oldest cities in the subcontinent. As this was the first city to be discovered, all other
sites from where similar buildings (and other things) were found were described as
Harappan. These cities developed about 4700 years ago.
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification : 19. Kaalapottu, Kannupottu and Maramadi are related to
IN
At the annual Maramadi festival during the post harvest season in the villages of
Kerala in southern India, a peculiar bull race takes place. It usually coincides with
the Onam celebrations.
Q
Source:http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/action-against-cr
uelty-to-animals/article6817768.ece
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Not-just-Jallikattu-Kalapoottu-is-also-
banned-Kerala-HC/articleshow/48875389.cms
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User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
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Answer Justification :
Learning:Lava is fiery red molten magma coming out from the interior of the earth
on its surface. When this molten lava comes on the earths surface, it rapidly cools
H
down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called
extrusive igneous rocks. They have a very fine grained structure. For example,
basalt. The Deccan plateau is made up of basalt rocks.
G
Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earths crust. Solid rocks
so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Since they cool down slowly they form
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62 What would happen if the earth revolved around the Sun, but did not rotate?
1. South Pole would always be in darkness.
2. Half of the population living on equator would freeze out of cold.
3. Heat and wind circulation on earth will be affected.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 only
D. All of the above
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Even if the Earth did not rotate, South and North Pole would be sunlit
for six months each. Same is true of equator. So, both statements 1 and 2 are wrong.
Learning: Seasons on earth are caused due to a) tilt of the earth; and b) revolution
of earth around the Sun. Notice this in the diagram above.
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If the earth stopped rotating, it would affect day and night cycle; coriolis force (thus
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affecting wind circulation). Wind is responsible for circulating heat across the earth.
So, heat distribution will also be affected. Thus, statement 3 is correct.
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 only
User Answer : A
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Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
The other waterfalls are Niagara falls located on the border between Canada and
USA in North America; and Victoria Falls on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe
in Africa. Thus, statements (b) and (c) are incorrect.
State of India.
2. Introduction of new train connections between Jammu and Bhopal.
3. Providing free electricity for all farmers in a particular state.
Which of the above functions can be constitutionally performed by a state
government?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
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C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 only
User Answer : C
IA
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Education comes under concurrent list in 7th schedule. So, a state government may
revise a decision on which the Central government does not have an overarching
decision. So, statement 1 is correct.
H
Irrigation; agriculture; Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity etc come
under the State list; and electricity comes under the Concurrent List in 7th schedule.
So, state government is authorized under the Constitution to provide free electricity
G
to farmers.
65 The decline in inflation during the present financial year has turned out to be much
faster than was anticipated. What factors have led to the decline in inflation?
IN
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Explanation: As crude oil prices declined, Indias import bill fell down, which
reduced fiscal deficit (subsidies) and domestic prices in India. This reduced inflation
to a great extent. So, statement 1 is correct.
Due to competitive global markets, soft global prices led to reduction in Indian
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domestic prices. So, statement 2 is also correct.
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Tight monetary policy contained the growth of money supply in India, which helped
the moderation of inflation and inflationary expectations. Thus, statement 3 is also
correct.
However, rupee did not appreciate. It only became more stable since the beginning
of the year. Therefore, statement 4 is wrong.
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Moderation in wagerate growth reduced demand pressures on proteinbaseditems.
Base effect also contributed to thedecline in headline inflation.
Inflation can also occur when the economy 'overheats' because of excess aggregate
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demand (this is called demand-pull inflation). The causes of disinflation are the
opposite, either a decrease in the growth rate of the money supply, or a business
cycle contraction (recession).
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If the central bank of a country enacts tighter monetary policy, that is to say, the
government start selling its securities, this reduces the supply of money in an
economy. This contraction of the monetary policy is known as quantitative
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tightening technique.
Q
Source:http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/no-proof-required-why-inf
lation-fell/
66 If you travel from Manali to Rohtang, which of the following vegetations are you likely
to come across?
1. Rhododendron
2. Figs
3. Silver oaks
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
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D. 1 only
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
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Answer Justification :
Rhododendron is present in abundance near the Rohtang pass. You can also find at
least 24 species of Medicinal value there.
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Q Source: Improvisation: Our Environment: page 39: Chapter 6
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225385733_Species_diversity_and_populat
ion_status_of_threatened_plants_in_different_landscape_elements_of_the_Rohtang
G
_Pass_western_Himalaya
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Explanation: If you know that Pir Panjal is the further South than both Zanskar and
Karakoram, you can easily choose option (a).
We have marked the ranges in YELLOW and BLUE in the map below.
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User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:Option (b) is vague and unreasonable.
Option (c) is not true as Jaina practices involved asceticism, and not expensive
rituals/sacrifices which farmers could not perform. Moreover, the assertion that
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farmers were relatively poor can be disputed.
Option (d) is also incorrect as most famers rarely belonged to higher castes. Even
some higher castes had welcomes Jain ideas.
themselves.
Option (c) is also wrong as Palaeolithic period corresponds to the earliest periods of
Option (d) is wrong as Bronze age refers to the period 3000-1300 BCE, whereas
PGW refer to 1200-230 BCE also known as Iron age.
Learning:PGW are extremely fine to touch, with a nice, smooth surface. Perhaps
these were used on special occasions, for important people, and to serve special
food. PGW culture is contemporary to, and a successor of the Black and red ware
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culture.
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Q Source:Chapter 6: Page 55: Our Pasts-I
70 In a pure flexible exchange rate system, foreign exchange reserves of India will increase
necessarily if
A. Balance of Payments (BoP) is in surplus
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B. Current Account Deficit (CAD) is in surplus
C. Trade is in surplus
D. Capital account is in surplus
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : A
H
Answer Justification :
So, even if CAD is in surplus, it is possible that foreign debt and capital outflows
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(capital account) are more than CAD. This makes the BoP negative, and there is a
net outgo of foreign exchange reserves in this case. So, option (b) is not always
correct.
Same is true for option (c). Even if trade is in surplus, total CAD and BoP may be
negative. So, option (c) is also incorrect.
Q Source:
Improvisation:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indias-forex-reser
ves-falls-2-billion-to-below-350-billion-again/articleshow/49195937.cms
71 Why is air filled in the special protective suits of the Astronauts visiting moon?
A. There is no air and thus no air pressure at moon
B. To protect them from the extreme heat on the surface of moon.
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C. To overcome the effect of gravity on body fluid circulation
D. To save themselves from harmful radiation coming from the moon
User Answer : C
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Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Option (c) is also incorrect, as the air in the suit will not protect them against the
effects of gravity. The astronauts can floateven after wearing protective suits.
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Moons surface does not emit any harmful radiation as such. So, option (d) is wrong.
Learning: The air pressure is zero at Moon. If astronauts did not wear these space
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suits, the counter pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts would make the
blood vessels burst. The astronauts would bleed.
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72 At the village level there are health centres where there is usually a nurse and a village
health worker. It is known as
IN
A. Sub-centre Health
B. Primary Heath Centre (PHC)
C. Community Health Centre (CHC)
D. Sub-divisional hospital
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Community Health Centre is for a large group of villages usually serving a larger
population of around 15-20,000 people. It is not dedicated to a village. It supervises
3-5 PHCs. So, option (c) is also wrong.
Sub-divisional hospitals exist at the sub-division level, which is one level lower than
the District Hospital. So, option (d) is also wrong.
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Learning: The public health service is a chain of health centres and hospitals run by
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the government. They are linked together so that they cover both rural and urban
areas and can also provide treatment to all kinds of problems from common
illnesses to special services.
At the village level there are health centres (sub-centres) where there is usually a
nurse and a village health worker. They are trained in dealing with common
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illnesses and work under the supervision of doctors at the Primary Health Centre
(PHC).
Such a centre covers many villages in a rural area. At the district level is the District
Hospital that also supervises all the health centres.
H
However, in a monarchy, the monarch (king or queen) has the power to make
decisions and run the government. The monarch may have a small group of people
to discuss matters with but the final decision-making power remains with the
monarch.
Unlike in a democracy, kings and queens do not have to explain their actions or
defend the decisions they take.
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74 Vishakha Guidelines' refers to
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A. Prevention of sexual harassment at workplace
B. Prevention of domestic violence
C. Conducting trial of child sexual abuse or rape
D. Settlement of alimony and inheritance of property between divorced couple
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
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Answer Justification :
Explanation : Option (c) refers to the case of Sakshi vs Union of India (2004); it is
thus incorrect.
H
Option (d) refers to Tulasamma v. Reddi, 1977, and thus wrong.
G
Learning: The Supreme Court in the Vishakha judgment in 1977 has held that each
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her right to live with dignityunder Article 21 and her right to work with dignity in a
safe environment under Article 19 (1) (g) of the Constitution of India.
Refer to this link for knowing about all landmark cases related to women in India.
http://www.livelaw.in/womens-day-special-15-judgments-that-made-india-a-better-
place-for-women/
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User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation : No option given here is an exact definition of fundamental rights.
You should use elimination in such cases.
Option (a) is incorrect as fundamental rights do not envisage a perfect life; DPSP
may do so in a sense.
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Option (b) is also incorrect, as fundamental rights are generally given by the
Constitution.
H
Option (d) is incorrect because fundamental rights can be restricted on grounds of
national security, moral order, safety etc.
G
Learning: The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every
Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of
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personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place
of birth, religion, caste or gender.
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Q Source: Page 32: Chapter 5: Our Environment
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77 Consider the following statements.
1. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of South India.
2. It is an endangered species as per IUCN classification.
3. It is a diurnal rainforest dweller.
4. It is ranked among the rarest and most threatened primates.
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5. Its endangered status became the focal point of the famous Save Silent Valley
movement of the 1970s.
Which species the above statements refer to?
A. Nilgiri Langur
B. Lion-tailed Macquae
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C. Blue-eyed black lemur
D. Slow Loris
User Answer : A
G
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Nilgiri langur is only a vulnerable primate as per IUCN. Hence, option (a) is also
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wrong.
Slow Loris is not endemic to Western Ghats, and instead found in NE India,
Bangladesh and SE Asia. So, option (d) is also wrong.
It is a good climber and spends majority of its life in the upper canopy of tropical
Their range has become increasingly isolated and fragmented by the spread of
agriculture and tea, coffee, teak and cinchona, construction of water reservoirs for
irrigation and power generation, and human settlements to support such activities.
They do not live, feed or travel through plantations. Destruction of their habitat and
their avoidance of human proximity have led to the drastic decrease of their
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population.
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Q Source: Wikipedia: Improvisation: Page 76:Chapter 7: VIIth Science
Options (b) and (c) do not lead to low neap tides. Moreover, it is not possible for
earth to be centred between Sun and Moon.
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Learning: The strong gravitational pullexerted by the sun and the moonon the
earths surface causes thetides. The water of the earth closerto the moon gets pulled
underthe influence of the moonsgravitational force and causes hightide.
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During the full moon and newmoon days, the sun, the moon andthe earth are in the
same line andthe tides are highest. These tidesare called spring tides. But whenthe
moon is in its first and lastquarter, the ocean waters get drawnin diagonally opposite
directions bythe gravitational pull of sun andearth resulting in low tides. Thesetides
are called neap tides.
79 Apart from Carbon dioxide, rain can become acidic due to which of the following?
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C. 3 and 4 only
D. All of the above
User Answer :
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation: Lead cannot mix with water to produce acid rain. Hence, statement 1
is wrong.
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Carbon monoxide reacts with water vapour only at high temperatures, forming
carbon dioxide and hydrogen. So, statement 4 is also wrong, as no acid rain is
formed under normal conditions.
Learning : The rain becomes acidic because carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and
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nitrogen dioxide (which are released into the air as pollutants) dissolve in rain drops
to form carbonic acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. Acid rain can
cause damage to buildings, historical monuments, plants and animals.
G
Explanation: As root hair cells do not carry out photosynthesis they do not contain
Learning : Root hair cells are outgrowths at a tip of the plants roots. The root hair
increase the surface area of the root for the absorption of waterand mineral nutrients
dissolved inwater. The root hair is in contact withthe water present between the soil
particles.
Root hair cells can survive for 2 to 3 weeks and then die off,at the same time new
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root hair cells are continually being formed at the tip of the root.
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Q Source: Page 128:Chapter 11: VIIth Science
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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When you face such questions in the UPSC exam, try to see simple solutions behind
the elaborate scheme of things.
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Also, because Diarrhoea leads to excessive loss of water and fluids, ORS is
recommended.
Even before a doctor is consulted the patient should be given plenty of boiled and
cooled water with a pinch of salt and sugar dissolved in it. This is called Oral
Rehydration Solution (ORS).
82 Measuring land and keeping land records of a village is the main work of
A. Gram Sevak
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B. Block Development Officer
C. Patwari
D. Panchayat Samiti
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User Answer : B
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
Panchayat Samiti is a block level organization and comes in the 2nd tier structure of
PRIs. It oversees issues with Gram Panchayats. It does not measure, keep or
maintain land records. So, option (d) is also wrong.
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Each Patwari is responsible for a group of villages. The Patwari maintains and
updates the records of the village. Measuring land and keeping land records is his
main work
The Patwari is also responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from
the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in
this area.
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C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : A
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
Explanation : Even if both nations are signatory of the Vienna conventions, the
host nation can deny keeping and maintaining of embassy to a foreign nation. Thus,
statement 1 is wrong.
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Learning: 1961 Vienna conventions and the Convention on Consular Relations,
1963 have been ratified by 187 countries, including India. This means, it is a law
under the Indian legal framework and cannot be violated.
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1961 Vienna Conventions says diplomats "shall enjoy immunity from the criminal
jurisdiction of the receiving state and also from its civil and administrative
jurisdiction.
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one embassy per foreign country, usually in the capital, but may have multiple
consulate offices, generally in locations where many of its citizens live or visit.
Diplomats posted in an embassy get immunity, along with his or her family
members. While diplomats posted in consulates too get immunity, they can be
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prosecuted in case of serious crimes, that is, when a warrant is issued. Besides, their
families don't share that immunity.
The Convention was meant to enable diplomats to carry out their duties without
obstruction in the Cold War environment.
Q Source:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/immunity-is-not-impunity/
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User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:: Option (b) is incorrect as the Disinvestment department exists in the
Ministry of Finance.
Q
Source:http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-the-gradual-evolution-of-i
ndias-disinvestment-policy/
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 only
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification : Explanation & Learning: In his autobiography, Gandhi calls
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Gokhale his mentor and guide.In 1912, Gokhale visited South Africa at Gandhi's
invitation. As a young barrister, Gandhi returned from his struggles against the
Empire in South Africa and received personal guidance from Gokhale, including a
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knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians.
Despite his deep respect for Gokhale, however, Gandhi would reject Gokhale's faith
in western institutions as a means of achieving political reform and ultimately chose
not to become a member of Gokhale's Servants of India Society.The Servants of
India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
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The Society organized many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health
care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism,
poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. The publication of The
Hitavada, the organ of the Society in English from Nagpur commenced in 1911. Q
Source: Improvisation:
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http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/i-was-law-officer-no-3/
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Lowering temperature of sea water will reduce formation of water vapour and
increase the pressure of the eye of cyclone. This will reduce the strength instead of
increasing it.
Learning : Before cloud formation, water takes up heat from the atmosphere to
change into vapour. When water vapour changes back to liquid form as raindrops,
this heat is released to the atmosphere. The heat released to the atmosphere warms
the air around. The air tends to rise and causes a drop in pressure. More air rushes to
the centre of the storm. This cycle is repeated. The chain of events ends with the
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formation of a very low-pressure system with very high-speed winds revolving
around it.
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It is this weather condition that we call a cyclone. Factors like wind speed, wind
direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the development of cyclones.
User Answer : B
Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Learning: Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean due to
earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic
eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean. While the earthquake cannot be
predicted in advance, it is possible to give a three-hour notice of a potential tsunami.
Such early warning systems are in place across the Pacific Ocean, but not in the
Indian Ocean as tsunamis are rare here due to less seismic activity.
88 If the US Federal reserve hikes interest rates in the US, how will it impact Indian
markets?
A. It will lead to greater capital flows in India.
B. It may lead to withdrawal of some hot money from India.
C. It may destabilize the banking system in India.
D. It will bring short-term stability to Indian money markets.
User Answer : B
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Correct Answer : B
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Interest rates are the returns that investors enjoy in a particular
country. If the US hikes interest rates, FIIs will get better returns in US (even though
interest rates in India are higher). This is because US is considered a less risky
market than India. Therefore, this will lead to capital outflow from India. It will be
mostly hot money which travels (speculates) around the globe in search of better
returns.
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It will bring short-term instability to Indian money markets.
Learning:The Federal Reserve kept rates near zero since 2008 financial crisis in a
bid to kick-start the US economy. The sustained low interest rate regime led to
outflow of money from US, and inflow of liquidity across the globe.
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If the Fed hikes rates, some foreign investors are expected to book profit in their
holdings in Indian shares and bonds; they will likely repatriate funds back to the US,
where buying high interest rate bearing bonds will become an attractive bet.
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Q
Source:http://www.financialexpress.com/article/markets/indian-markets/deferred-us
-fed-rate-hike-likely-to-soothe-jittery-investor-nerves-arrest-fii-outflow/137562/
89 Which of the following is/are NOT the reason(s) for decline of Blind Dolphin (Susu) in
Ganga river?
1. Inflow of untreated urban and industrial waste in Ganga
2. Loss of habitat due to the creation of dams and irrigation projects
3. Separation of Susu population due to construction of barrages
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Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation: Statement 4 is not correct, because even if average temperature
increases, it will not be so much as to affect marine life. Thermal pollution can sap
out oxygen from water, but not in very large water bodies like Ganga.
90 Consider the following matches of sites with the states they are found in:
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1. Mehrgarh : Punjab
2. Burzahom : Jammu and Kashmir
3. Hallur : Karnataka
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C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
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Answer Justification :
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A. 1, 3 and 4 only
B. 2, 4 and 5 only
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
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D. 2 and 5 only
User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification : TS
Explanation:Ashokan edicts performed an important role in spreading Buddhist
ideas.While Sri Lanka served as a centre for propagation of Buddhist ideas, and
Ashoka also sent messengers to SL for spreading Dhamma, Ashokan edicts could
not be found here. Hence, statement 5 is not correct.
Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of
Buddhism. The edicts describe in detail the Ashoka's view about dhamma. He was
the first ruler who tried to take his message to the people through inscriptions. Most
of Ashokas inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script.
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92 Government has recently banned import of Ammonium nitrate in lose form. This is
because
A. It is an extremely dangerous explosive substance and posed a threat to
national security
B. It was sold without authorization from government
C. Untreated loose ammonium nitrate was excessively polluting the water bodies
D. It was recently classified as a hazardous chemical by the Central Pollution
Control Board
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
AN is so dangerous that the Home Ministry, in its latest order, has made it
mandatory to make provision for two arm guards with GPS system to provide
security for vehicles transporting AN inside India.
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Learning:Ammonium nitrate, or NH4-NO3, is frequently added to improve a
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fertilizer's nitrogen content. It's relatively stable under most conditions and is
inexpensive to manufacture, according to Slate, making the chemical a popular
alternative to other, more expensive nitrogen sources.
Manual handling in loose form has chances of material loss and there is potential
risk to national security. Besides, ammonium nitrate, lying scattered on the wharf,
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also poses risk of explosion like the recent one at port of Tianjin in China.
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Source:http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/govt-bans-import-of-ammoniu
m-nitrate-in-loose-form/article7629926.ece
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Explanation & Learning:The background of Basholi is first dealt, and then its
features.
With the decline of the Mughal Empire, many painters moved out to the courts of
the emerging regional states such as Rajasthan, Deccan and Himachal.
Moreover, Nadir Shahs invasion and the conquest of Delhi in 1739 resulted in the
migration of Mughal artists to the Himalayan foothills to escape the uncertainties of
the plains.
Therefore, the modern-day state of Himachal Pradesh attracted artisans. By the late
seventeenth century this region had developed a bold and intense style of miniature
painting called Basohli.
The most popular text to be painted here was Bhanudattas Rasamanjari. With the
help of patrons, Kangra school of painting was found here.
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94 Which of the following are general characteristics of a tribal society?
1. Common Property rights
2. Absence of any form of political organization
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3. Absence of social hierarchies
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. All of the above
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User Answer : D
Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification :
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Explanation:Statement 2 is wrong as Tribals do organize themselves in political
organizations.
G
For e.g. all tribe members are related by blood, and have their own political
organization with a chief exercising authority over all the members, even
recommending marriage of young boys with girls whom they have found suitable
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for marriage.
Statement 3 is correct as social hierarchies like caste, class are generally not found
in tribes. However, it does not mean that all tribals are considered equal socially and
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economically. For e.g. Tribal societies generally follow the rule of patriliny. There
are many strong cases of organised matriarchy in existence in the tribal zones to this
day. It is the women who organise matters such as relationships and marriages, the
inheritance of land, and the distribution of wealth.
95 Which of the following facts is NOT associated with Indus Valley civilization?
A. They practiced domestication of animals.
B. They used water storage structures.
C. They worshipped rivers and forests as their deity.
D. They practiced pottery and sculptures.
User Answer : C
Correct Answer : C
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Answer Justification :
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explanation. Bones of dog, cattle, sheep were found in Harappan sites in Kashmir.
So, option 1 is correct.
Statement 2 is correct as great bath; and other storage structures were used by the
community.
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Statement 3 is incorrect as there is no such evidence. We do not have any Happran
scripture which can testify the claim. However, they did have deities like Pashupati
which they even inscribed on seals.
Statement 4 is correct as several sculptures such as dancing girl; meditative man etc
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were found in excavations.
User Answer : A
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
This will create gainful employment for lakhs of persons, mostly educated youth,
over the course of next four to five years.
Life Insurance Corp. of India (LIC) will be a partner and co-investor in the fund.
The second fund is a debt fund called SIDBI Make in India Loan for Enterprises
(SMILE), which was announced in the Union budget in February. The fund will
provide soft term loans and loans in the nature of quasi-equity to MSMEs to meet
debt-to-equity norms and pursue growth opportunities in existing MSMEs.
The India Aspiration Fund will have an initial corpus of Rs.2,000 crore
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Q
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Source:http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-19/news/65592281_1
_indian-angel-network-finance-minister-arun-jaitley-startups
97 Consider the following statements about the status of women in Vedic period.
1. Women did not compose any hymns of the Vedas.
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2. Women did not participate in philosophical and spiritual discussions on Upanishads
in Royal courts.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
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C. Both 1 and 2
D. None
User Answer : D
G
Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
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Statement 2 is also incorrect as there were women thinkers like Gargi who was
famous for her learning, and participated in debates held in royal courts. However,
most Upanishadic thinkers were men, especially brahmins and rajas.
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D. All of the above
User Answer :
Correct Answer : B
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Answer Justification :
Explanation & Learning : For e.g. in Andaman & Nicobar, the following functions
have been assigned to Panchayat Secretary (he may be given additional or fewer
responsibilities in other states/UTs as PRIs is a state subject):
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The duties/functions of the Panchayat Secretary:
Visit the sites where works are undertaken by individuals who are granted
loan by the Panchayat and report to the competent authority if the loans are
misused and to cause recovery of loss there of.
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options (b) and (c) can be easily eliminated.
When you face such questions in the UPSC exam, try to see simple solutions behind
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the elaborate scheme of things.
Even if fungi and algae appear in more than one options, as are here, you should
know that Fungi cannot prepare its own food. Therefore, option (d) can also be
easily eliminated.
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The only remaining option is (a).
are algae, other times cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae. Some
enterprising fungi exploit both at once.
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Lichens occur from sea level to high alpine elevations, in a very wide range of
environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen#Human_use
100 Governor is appointed by the Central government to oversee the functioning of state
governments. Which of the following is NOT such a function?
A. Ensuring that state Government works within the Constitutional provisions
B. Ensuring that laws made by State legislature are within the constitutional
framework
C. Ensuring that State governments do not disregard constitutional directions
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framework or if the state government disregards centre's directions, the Governor
can recommend to the Centre the imposition of President's rule in the State. So,
options (a) and (c) are functions of the governor.
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Governor also reserves state bills which a) seem ultra vires the constitution; b) seem
to be breach of Centre's laws; c) seems to endanger the position of High Court etc.
He also has the authority to veto a state legislation. Therefore, option (c) is also a
function of the Governor.
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Thus, the only option (d) can be the answer.