Professional Documents
Culture Documents
E.g. His guilt was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution.
5. Innocent (adj): not guilty of a crime
Innocence (n)
E.g. After thorough investigation, he was ultimately declared innocent by the jury.
E.g. The accused person should always be presumed innocent until proved guilty
by conclusive evidence.
6. Offend (v): to make somebody feel upset because you say or do something that
is rude; to commit a crime.
Offender (n)
Offending (adj)
Offense (n)
First-time offender/First offender (n): a person who has been found guilty of
a crime for the first time
Hardened/repeat criminal
E.g. His status as a first-time offender may help him to reduce the penalty.
E.g. Despite being a first offender, the cold-blooded criminal deserved a death
penalty for his appalling murder.
7. Track down/hunt down (v): search for somebody until you find or catch them
E.g. The police have tried to track down the notorious gang for a long time but to
no avail.
E.g. Prompt actions have to be taken so that terrorists will be hunted down,
assuring public security.
8. Bring somebody to justice: to arrest somebody for a crime and put them on
trial in court
E.g. Public outrage has been expressed over the fact that the murderer has yet to be
found and brought to justice.
E.g. It is the polices duty to hunt the criminals down and bring them to justice.
9. Imprison (v): to put somebody in a prison
Imprisonment (n)
E.g. The notorious criminal had ultimately been hunted down and sentenced to life
imprisonment for murder.
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E.g. The innocent man had suffered false imprisonment for 10 years before the
truth finally came out.
10. Restrict (v): to limit or control something
Restriction (n)
Restrictive (adj)
E.g. The new system of video cameras in public places aims to reduce crime but is
believed by some people to restrict individual freedom.
E.g. Parents should allow children only restricted access to the Internet to reduce
the negative influence of violent contents online.
11. Rehabilitate (v): to help somebody to have a normal, useful life again after
they have been very ill/sick of in prison for a long time.
Rehabilitation (n)
E.g. The new proposals involve rehabilitating even more criminals for life after
prison.
E.g. The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead
normal lives when they leave prison.
12. Lenient (adj): not as strict as expected when punishing somebody
Leniency (n)
Leniently (adv)
E.g. A lenient sentence will have little or no effect on the criminals incentives to
flout the law.
E.g. The police and courts may be more lenient with female offenders.
13. Juvenile delinquent (n): a young person (not yet an adult) who is guilty of
committing a crime.
Juvenile delinquency (n)
E.g. Juvenile delinquency has been on the increase due to the insufficient care
and attention from parents.
E.g. It is believed that juvenile delinquency can be put down to peer association
with ill-behaved adolescents.
14. Impulsive (adj): acting suddenly without thinking carefully about what might
happen because of what you are doing
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Impulsiveness (n)
Impulsively (adv)
E.g. It was his impulsive nature and a complete lack of reasoning power that led
him into crime.
E.g. An impulsive decision may lead to unpremeditated crimes with terrible
consequences.
15. Threat (n): the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster
Threaten (v)
Threatening/Threatened (adj)
E.g. The increasing crime rate poses a significant threat to national and public
security.
E.g. Terrorist threat has become a matter of public concern in many societies
recently after the tragic case of Paris.
16. Deter (somebody) (from something) (v): to prevent someone from doing
something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by
making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they
do it
Deterrent (n) (to somebody/something)
Deterrent (adj): deterrent effect
Deterrence (n)
E.g. Financial penalties are applied to deter people from engaging in activities
against the law.
E.g. Regulatory bodies must implement harsher punishment to deter corporate
crime such as bribery or air/water pollution.
E.g. Longer imprisonment is believed to have a deterrent effect on crime rate.
17. Trauma (n): a mental condition caused by severe shock, especially when the
harmful effects last for a long time.
Traumatic (adj)
Traumatically (adv)
Traumatize (v)
E.g. People with childhood trauma of sexual abuse may have to suffer from a
lifetime of PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), depression and anxiety.
E.g. Victims of emotional and physical trauma stand a higher chance of
contracting autism.
18. Abide by (v): to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, = comply
with
E.g. The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene by
which food production firms must abide.
E.g. Defendants have to abide by the definitive decision of the jury.
19. Rampant (adj): existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be
controlled
Rampantly (adv)
E.g. The government must put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued the
country immediately.
E.g. Prompt actions must be taken in no time to deal with the rampant crime in
the society recently.
20. Prevent (v): to stop somebody from doing something; stop something from
happening
Prevention (n)
Preventable (adj)
Preventive/preventative (adj)
E.g. Preventive measures should be implemented immediately to deal with the
rampant crime.
E.g. In the past years, preventative measures have radically reduced the incidence
of crimes in the country.
SPEAKING PART 2
In my view, there are a number of actions that have been taken to deal with rampant
crimes but I guess the most effective one is the enforcement of security in certain
places. In more details, in crowded spots which are often a potential place for
pickpocketing, the increasing number of security guards can minimize thieves
incentives to commit such a crime. As a result, not only local citizens but also
foreign visitors can enjoy their walk freely without constant worries about such a case.
For instance, in Nguyen Hue walking street, which is a dynamic and energetic
destination in Ho Chi Minh City, security forces are set up to ensure the safety of the
place, which proves to have a deterrent effect on criminal activities. Another point I
would like to add is that under the regular surveillance of the police in deserted roads
which are reported to be the active location of snatch thieves, the incidence of crime
is considerably reduced. The policemen usually ride along these streets at night to
make sure that potential victim will not have to become one. This preventive
measure proves to have certain positive effects on reducing the crime rate.
Nevertheless, I suggest that a more sustainable solution is to set up a close-watch
CCTV system around the city to protect the safety of residents, especially those living
in dangerous neighborhood or vulnerable victims such as children and females.
SPEAKING PART 3
1. What do you think the most common crime in your country is?
In my opinion I guess I would have to say that there are probably a number of
rampant crimes in my country. One prominent act of crime would be
pickpocketing, which is a kind of petty crime to steal something, usually
money, from other peoples pocket in public places. As well as this a
subsequent common crime might be snatch theft for the main means of
transportation in our country is motorbike, which snatches thieves usually
working in a group of two use to steal valuable items such as purses, bags,
mobile phones from reckless pedestrians or vulnerable females. The growing
incidence of crime in the city these days pose a threat to peoples security in
crowded spots, thus requiring prompt actions to be taken without delay.
3. What do you think are the main causes for the increasing crime rate in
your country?
In my opinion I guess I would have to say that there are probably a number of
factors involved. Primarily, one key motivation would be because the criminal
law in Viet Nam does not have a sufficient deterrent effect, resulting in the
increasing numbers of perpetrator violating the legal restrictions. As well as
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this a subsequent incentive might be because of the poor living standards and
the growing unemployment rate. Suffering from their destitute life, poor or idle
people often make impulsive decisions when catching the sight of something
valuable, and to make it worse, they may revert to the crime once getting too
indulged in its seduction.
the rest of their life eaten up by the feeling of guilt and remorse for what they
have done.
WRITING
Topic: Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around the
world. What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions
One of the issues about which sociologists as well as educators have to be seriously
concerned is the topic surrounding the problem of juvenile delinquency in a good
few modern societies. The truth of the matter is that the number of young offenders is
significantly increasing in most cities, and the rate seemingly fails to slow down.
Certain proper actions, from my perspective, needs to be taken in no time.
However, before any measure is taken, it is sensible to look into the main causes. It is
a mere fact that nowadays, people lead a hectic lifestyle in which they are engaged
mostly in professional work and hence leaving little room for family life, especially
their children. Consequently, the latter fail to receive sufficient moral lessons, thus
making impulsive decisions which may lead to undesirable outcomes later on. To
make it worse, children without constant care from parents may get into unexpected
tragic circumstances which lead to childrens suffering from trauma. What is more,
the fact that many young children have a tendency to commit violent crimes does stem
from the adverse impact of various media, among which, violent movies and games
need to be taken in account.
There can be different ways to tackle this issue, but the suggestions as follows can be
of great help. In particular, it proves very important that parents spend more time with
their children, giving them advices or supporting words especially when they have to
encounter psychological problems. It is also worth noting that childrens access to
Internet and other mass media should be restricted to a certain extent to minimize their
exposure to violent contents. At the same time, government, instead of imposing
lenient penalties for the young, should implement stricter preventative measures and
severe punishments to deter teenagers from criminal acts, and hopefully, this can
make them become decent and law-abiding citizens.
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ENVIRONMENT
Road development in the area has been severely affected by the conservation
programmes of the council.
E.g. Its high time for the authority to take measures to protect the environment.
3. Renew (v): change something that is old or damaged and replace it with
something new of the same kind.
Renewable (a)
Renewable resources # non-renewable (a)
Renewables (n)
Renewal (n): the situation in which something is replaced, improved or made
more successful.
Renewed (a) [usually before noun]: happening again with increased interest or
strength.
E.g. Renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power.
E.g. Saving energy is a necessity in case non-renewable types of energy run
out.
4. Deforestation (n): act of cutting down or burning trees in an area
# Reforestation (n)
Deforest (v) # Reforest (v)
E.g...air pollution
E.g. Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards.
E.g. Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further.
9. Disposable (a): made to be thrown away after use / (finance) available for use
Dispose (v)
E.g. Disposable diapers
E.g. Disposable assets/capital/resources
10. Reuse Reduce Recycle (v)
Reusable Reducible Recyclable (a)
E.g. She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.
13. Lack of = Shortage of = Deficiency of/in = Dearth of (n): the state of not
having or having not enough of something
Lack short deficient (a)
14. Poison (v): harm, kill a person/ an animal by giving them poison / have bad
effects on something
Poison (n)
Poisoner (n)
Poisonous (a) = toxic (a)
15. Biodegrade (v) (of substance/chemical) change back to a harmless natural state
by the action of bacteria.
Biodegradable (a) # non-biodegradable
Non-biodegradable garbage = inorganic trash = waste that cannot
decompose
E.g. All active ingredients of this soap powder are biodegradable within three
days.
E.g. The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs
E.g. Destructive acts harming the environment should be condemned rather than
condoned.
20. Fertile (a) (of plants, soil, land) that plants grow well in # infertile(a)
Fertility (n)
Fertilize (v)
Fertilization (n)
E.g. Contamination has resulted in the decrease of soil fertility level in that region.
SPEAKING PART 2
I would like to talk about global warming. In my opinion, it is a big, if not the
biggest, problem that we are facing nowadays. The main reason of global warming is
the greenhouse effect ... Nowadays people are producing excessive amounts of
greenhouse gases, mostly by burning fossil fuels. These gases let sunlight in, which
warms the Earth, and then block that heat from leaving... That breaks the delicate
natural balance and causes our planet to warm... As global warming changes the
climate on the whole planet, it affects all countries in the world and causes many
serious problems... For example, global warming causes melting of glaciers, which in
turn raises the sea-level... Eventually, coastal areas are flooding and agriculture is
damaged unless appropriate measures are taken... As it is a worldwide problem, I
think that only joint efforts will help us to overcome this issue.
SPEAKING PART 3
3. Do you think that governments around the world are doing enough to tackle
the problems?
No, usually I don't think they are doing enough. There are countries that do what
they can do help their people when problems occur and they are trying to come up
with measures to mitigate the effects but when it comes to the major issue of global
warming countries are not doing enough. We see time and again that no agreement
can be made on how to reduce carbon footprints. This is usually because
governments know that to make a serious reduction in carbon dioxide emissions
they will have to sacrifice economic growth and they are not prepared to do this.
Governments think very short-term. They know that if there is economic decline,
then they will be voted out.
It could be for different reasons. In some cases it is simply because not enough care
is taken. Maybe procedures are not good enough. It could also be because the drive
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for profit means that there is cost cutting and that again could mean that good
procedures are not in place. There is usually a situation when a disaster happens
where blame will be deflected and it is difficult to establish exactly who is
responsible. Nobody wants to admit responsibility because it means they will have
to pay compensation. Sometimes a disaster can happen because of a simple mistake
by someone.
I don't think there will necessarily be more. Procedures are always getting tighter so
in theory there should be fewer, but mistakes will always happen so I'm sure they
will continue unfortunately. Governments must continue to prosecute any
companies that do cause environments problems or disasters so that they are less
likely to happen again.
WRITING
An essential problem of the 21st century is world pollution. Currently the environment
is so contaminated that urgent measures should be taken. Although a single
individual cannot be blamed for the world pollution, every person should take care of
his or her habitat. In addition, it is of vital importance that environmental issues are
treated internationally.
Lately, many presentations, conferences and international summits are held to deal
with waste treatment, recycling, and soil and water contamination. For sure joint
efforts and consolidation can only help in the mutual war towards the ongoing
environmental disaster. For instance, governments should offer support to companies
and organizations, involved in manufacturing, industry or agriculture in order to find
environmental friendly approaches. These could be special law regulations,
recycling programs, helping courses in order to implement ISO certificates and many
more.
also have to bring up our children to be conscious citizens of a clean and preserved
planet.
1. The tempo (or pace) of life: the speed at which changes and events occur
E.g. The increasing tempo of life in many societies these days have reduced the
number of time people spend for their family.
E.g. People have a tendency to move to the suburb seeking for a slower pace of
life these days.
E.g. Graduates usually look for a dynamic and active workplace to improve their
practical skills.
E.g. The introduction of new technology into the workplace has largely boosted
its productivity and efficiency.
3. Career path (n): the way that you progress in your work, either in one job or
in a series of jobs.
E.g. I don't know what future career path might suit me but I'm told I relate well
to people.
E.g. Decision on ones career path should be made early and correctly to avoid
any waste of time and efforts.
E.g. Career prospects for students in specialized fields like biochemistry are
comparatively brighter than those for economics students.
E.g. Ones career prospects should not be shadowed by either social status or
religion.
E.g. Fresh graduates often learn most from their colleagues who have gained
valuable work experience, thus can give them reliable and helpful advices in case
of professional difficulties.
E.g. Thanks to the help of current sophisticated technology, people has had largely
reduced workload and become more productive.
7. Alienate (v): to make somebody feel that they do not belong in a particular
group
Alienated (adj)
Alienation (n): create alienation between people
E.g. The growing pace of life has created alienation between people because they
have become so indulged in work that they isolate themselves from others.
E.g. Talented children may feel alienated from the others in their class.
E.g. Workaholics usually have to suffer from sleeplessness due to their constant
reliance on coffee to work night shift.
9. Materialistic (adj): caring more about money and possessions than anything
else
= money-worshipping/mercenary (adj)
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E.g. The increasing dependence on money has made people become more
materialistic than ever before.
E.g. Many people these days have taken a mercenary attitude, resulting in an
emotionless society with no mercy but materialistic purposes only.
10. Sedentary (adj): spending a lot of time sitting down and not moving
E.g. Taking up regular physical exercises is important to escape the adverse impact
of a sedentary lifestyle.
11. Leisure (n): time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working
or studying
Leisured (adj)
Leisurely (adj)
E.g. Even though people can earn more money, they have less leisure time to
spend on their interests.
E.g. Ho Chi Minh is a cosmopolitan city which attracts a large number of tourists
from foreign countries.
13. Affluent (adj): having a lot of money and a good standard of living
= wealthy/well-off/prosperous
Affluence (n)
E.g. The affluent Western countries are better equipped to face the problems of
global warming.
E.g. In most societies currently, there is a growing gap between the wealthy class
and the indigent one.
E.g. Impoverished people are driven to commit crimes such as theft or robbery as
means of living.
15. High-rise building(s) (n): very tall building with a lot of floors
= skyscraper(s)
E.g. Skyscrapers like the Empire State building are a symbol of New York city,
which is a desired destination for numerous emigrates and students.
16. Traffic jam(s)/traffic congestion (n): the state of being crowded and full of
traffic
= gridlock (n)
Congested (adj)
E.g. Traffic congestion has become a matter of public concern in most societies
these days since it can cause a number of problems.
17. A road tax (n): money that you have to pay to the government for the use of
road.
E.g. It is suggested that the government should raise the road tax to discourage
people from owning private cars.
18. Public transport (n): The system of buses, trains, etc. provided by the
government or by companies, which people use to travel from one place to
another.
= public transit, mass transit
E.g. Prompt actions should be taken to discourage unnecessary car use and
encourage the use of public transport.
E.g. Government should make access to public transport easier for people,
especially those living in the suburb.
E.g. Living in the outskirts can help one to escape the hustle and bustle of a city
life in exchange for easy access to hospitals and schools.
20. Telecommute (v): to work from home, communicating with your office,
customers and others by telephone, email
Telecommuter (n)
Telecommuting
E.g. Innovative technology has made it easier for the practice of telecommuting
without much influence on work results.
SPEAKING PART 2
I live in Ho Chi Minh city and this city has a very large population. With the
increasing population, unplanned urbanisation, rapid industrialisation and lack of
proper steps from the authority have led to many different problems here and traffic
congestion, in my opinion, is the worst of all.
Traffic jam in large cities is a common problem; however, this in our city is far worse.
It is a common scenario in our city that cars are stuck on roads and passengers and
drivers have to wait for an unusually long time before they can move forward.
Sometimes cars and buses remain unmoved for more than an hour and people get very
depressed and annoyed due to this. The long lines of cars and buses and their
movement at a snail's pace have become a very annoying yet common scenario in this
city. The rush hours are even more devastating and bad traffic kills a considerable
amount of time each day. The business owners, office goers, students and their parents
and people from all walks of life suffer seriously due to this uncontrollable traffic
congestion. Everyone seems like devastated and vexed about it, authorities know that
as well, and yet there no proper steps to solve this heinous problem.
There are many reasons behind this problem and an increasing number of cars and
vehicles, in my opinion, is the main reason. The number of cars is increasing more
rapidly than the construction of new roads and roads are becoming more congested.
Second, lack of proper traffic control system and scarcity of traffic police could be
another reason for that. Moreover, the public transportations are not as reliable and
updated as they should have been and due to that people are mostly relying on private
cars in my city. Violation of traffic rules is another main reason for this unbearable
gridlock.
Some effective measures must be taken in order to address this serious problem. Since
this is already a grave issue, steps should be taken before it gets worse. First,
government and road authority should invest more money for building new roads and
for the repairing and maintaining of old ones, particularly in areas where traffic jam
is more severe. On the other hand, public transportations should be improved so that
people use them more frequently. Restriction on private car ownership in our city is
also required for the control of increasing traffic jam, probably through a raise in the
road tax. At the same time, it is essential that stricter traffic rules be issued and
violation of traffic regulations should be severely punished in order to reduce the
traffic congestion.
SPEAKING PART 3
Yes, definitely. For the past few years, big cities in my country have witnessed
large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. Especially, the population in
Hanoi has been estimated to reach 8 million, almost one-tenth of the countrys
population. There are various reasons for such a trend. Firstly, people want to
have better job prospects, thus working in a big city like Hanoi is a great
opportunity. Secondly, the cosmopolitan atmosphere in big city is another
attraction, from which emigrates can get exposure and access to different
culture.
3. Do you think there are more problems in a big city compared to a small
town?
There is hardly any denying that people living in big cities these days are likely
to face more problems than those living in small towns. Living in the outskirts
can help one to escape the hustle and bustle of a city life in exchange for easy
access to services such as hospitals and schools. At the same time, citizens in
metropolitan area, despite having an apparently more affluent life, have to
deal with the problem of traffic jam. Security in these cities is also threatened
by increasing crimes caused by the poverty-stricken offenders. For people who
would like to live in a house with garden, it is nearly impossible in big cities
where the main accommodation is apartments in high-rise building.
WRITING
Topic: Some people think that cities are the best places to live. Others prefer to
live in a rural area. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the
city?
Many people consider living in cities and they think that this is more advantageous
while another group prefers living in the countryside as they find it as a better
alternative. Living in a city and in an urban area, from my perspective, both has their
advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, living in a city is very stressful as the life is very busy and competitive
there. The increasing competition in the workplace along with the faster pace of life
have deprived people of their leisure time and personal relationship, even resulting in
their alienation with other people but their colleagues. The heavy workload forces
white-collar workers to lead a sedentary lifestyle, which in turn results in a number of
serious diseases such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Another point worth noting is
it is particularly tough for low earning people as the expenses in living in a city is
always higher. Poverty-stricken emigrates coming to big cities for better job
prospects may find themselves struggling with an even more indigent life due to the
employment competition and unaffordable living expenditure.
On the other hand, city life offers numerous facilities and opportunities compared to
life in rural area. As a matter of fact, employment opportunity is more abundant,
especially if one wishes to run small businesses, cities have better career prospects
than in the countryside. People can easily find a new job in case s/he loses a job and
there are many other earning prospects in a city that could not be found in a village.
For economically affluent people, the city offers many social and entertainment
facilities like Cineplex, sports event in stadiums, amusement parks, museum etc...
with easy access to. Opposite to this, rural areas do not offer many opportunities for
social life and lacks the entertainment facilities. Also, people cannot purchase
everything they need from a village market and markets are very rare in most of the
urban areas.
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To sum up, although it is clear that cities face a range of problems, proper measures
can be taken to solve these issues and improve the quality of life. Governments and
local people must join hands to improve the situation, otherwise it will fall into the
black hole in the near future.
LANGUAGE
E.g. The scale of influence of Chinese is widespread nearly all over the world.
7. Dialect (a) = Native/ vernacular/ indigenous
E.g. That Vietnam has various areas is correlated to plenty of dialect differences
E.g. .. dialect word/ expression
8. Preserve and revive language under threat
9. Languages help communities remain cohesive and to have a strong sense
of identity
10. Retaining a language of a community also means other forms of culture
are maintained.
SPEAKING PART 2
English is spoken everywhere in this world. It is used for different purposes. The use
of the language is so necessary that it has become the first language for the majority of
the developed countries while the developing ones have made it their second
language. The English language is needed to learn newer things or issues, gather
knowledge for everyday use, enjoy movies and television serials, communication with
foreign clients and dealers, travelling in foreign countries and booking for overseas
hotels during the trip, regular conversation in office, responding in classes, appearing
on examinations and many other purposes that could not be described into words. As a
result, the language has become the queen of all language with its outstanding ability
to impress the global people.
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SPEAKING PART 2
Its hard to say because we will never know what the future holds. However,
based on what happening around the world right now Cantonese could
possibly be the language of the future. Therere some reasons for that. First,
Chinese economy has become much more influential. The Cantonese speaking
community is of the largest. Chinese culture and film industry are among the
richest and most loved around the world at present.
WRITING
Topic: Every year several languages die out. Some people think that it is not
important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
It is argued that the annual extinction of many languages is not a problem because
having just a few languages leads to a more convenient life. It is disagreed that the
convenience of using just a few key languages makes the dying out of less spoken
dialects acceptable. This essay will first discuss the importance of language to culture,
and secondly the fact that learning a few common languages is unrealistic, followed
by a reasoned conclusion.
A language is not just a group of spoken words but the key to someones culture.
Language has evolved over thousands of years to reflect what it means to be from a
particular place. For example, the Irish language has one of the widest vocabularies in
the world and reflects their tradition of storytelling. Despite this, English has become
the first language of the Irish, as many feel it makes it easier to communicate with the
world.
By speaking just a couple of languages, such as English and Chinese, you alienate
billions of people throughout the world. English may be common, but it is not the
lingua franca many people think it is and it would take generations for everyone to
learn it. Countries like Korea and Vietnam have been trying to adopt English as a
second language for a long time, but most of their people still cant fully grasp
it. However, English has been the language of business for a long time and it should
be encouraged to help a country become more economically competitive.
To conclude, commonly spoken languages may make life more straightforward, but
this should not be at the expense of less prevalent languages, in order to avoid the
erosion of culture and the alienation of many countries.
MEDIA
1. Update (v): to give somebody the most recent information about something; to
add the most recent information to something
Update (n)
E.g. Our records are regularly updated
E.g. We'll update you on the rest of the travel news as we get it.
2. Follow (v) Track (a person, group, or organization) by subscribing to their
account on a social media website or application.
E.g. If you've been following me on Facebook recently you may have seen a bunch
of different posts about surgery and back trouble
E.g. I don't follow many celebrities on Twitter any more
3. Publish (v): to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the
public
Publisher (n)
E.g. The first edition was published in 2007.
E.g. The author has published six books, five collections of poetry and a volume of
essays.
4. Coverage (n): the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio
and television
Cover (v)
E.g. We watched the latest TV coverage of the election.
E.g. The programme won an award for its news coverage
5. Distort (v): to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer
correct or true
Distortion (n)
E.g. Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.
E.g. The article gave a distorted picture of his childhood.
6. Informative (a): giving useful information
Inform (v)
E.g. The talk was both informative and entertaining.
E.g. Findings suggest that while television is more informative than the press, it is
less persuasive.
7. User (n): a person or thing that uses something
Use (n)/(v)
E.g. Internet users needed to be aware of the cybercrime
E.g. We have carried out a lot of focus groups with bus users and car users
8. Viewer (n): a person watching television
View (v):
E.g. The programme attracted millions of viewers.
E.g. Our presenters are role models for young viewers
9. Broadcast (v): to send out programmes on television or radio
Broadcast (n)
E.g. Most of the programmes are broadcast in English.
E.g. They began broadcasting in 1922.
10. Social networking (n): communication with people who share your interests
using a website or other service on the Internet
E.g. The point of social networking is that people stay in touch.
E.g. Online social networking is an opportunity to rethink the concept of
surveillance
11. Newsworthy (a): interesting and important enough to be reported as news
E.g. Nothing very newsworthy happened last week.
E.g. That is a a newsworthy event
12. Current affairs (n): events of political or social importance that are
happening now
E.g. I began to take an interest in current affairs
E.g. News and current affairs programmes are considered likely to be worst hit
13. Daily (a): happening, done or produced every day
E.g. Invoices are signed on a daily basis.
E.g. Events affected the daily lives of millions of people
14. Up-to-the-minute (a): having or including the most recent information
E.g. Always keep an eye to up-to-the-minute trends for a modern statement.
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SPEAKING PART 2
When it comes to the website that I frequently use, I would like to talk about
Facebook which is one of the most popular website in the world, with millions of
users. It is social networking website which allows people to keep in touch with
friends or find the ones youve lost touch with and it is free of charge.
As a matter of fact, I dont remember exactly how I found out the website but I guess
that due to the all of my friends used Facebook and talked about it , so I wanted to fit
in, I signed up and gave it a try. Then I like it and Ive been using it ever since.
I find Facebook very informative since i can update latest news or current affairs
on a daily basis from the pages that I followed. Moreover, whenever I follow any
page, Facebook always recommend the related pages, which is very convenient.
Facebook helps me to keep up to date with what my friends doing and share with
them unforgettable moments in my life by uploading videos or photos.
SPEAKING PART 3
1. What are some of different reasons that people use the Internet?
Well I guess the reason is that the Internet nowadays surpasses the function of
magazines or newspapers in terms of source of information because the
information is easily go viral on the Internet. Also, it doesnt cost loads of
money like it does for print media. We only need the available of the Internet
access. Another reason is that people all around the world can keep in touch
with each other via Internet despite long distance. It is a superior mean of
communication.
2. Some people say that different age groups have different tastes on internet
content. What do you think?
Well, I think it is absolutely true. I would like to divide users into 2 groups.
The first is young generation who rely on the Internet to search for
information mostly for entertainment and study materials while for older
generation, they tend to use searching engine to look for national or
international news.
3. Do you think parents should control what internet sites their children visit
on the internet?
Certainly yes. Children should be supervised about what they are following on
th Internet because lots of information from the internet is not censored. It
might contain the violent or adult contents which are not suitable for children
age.
For education, there are many online classes. So I guess in the future there
might be more online courses for people to attend without coming the real
classroom.
For economy, people will do more shopping online rather than traditional
shopping because its convenient. Many web-based companies are successful
like Lazada, Ebay. So there will probably more companies who sell online via
the Internet.
5. What people do you think dont use the Internet and what drawbacks they
may experience?
Well, off top of my head, I think about the old generation who could not keep
up with the technology innovation or accustom with using the Internet. It is
quite difficult for them to find out the contacts that they have lost touch with
while just by Facebook, they can find out lots of old friends through mutual
friends.
WRITING
Topic: Although more and more people read news on the Internet, newspapers
will remain the most important source of news. Do you agree or disagree?
It is generally argued that although people tend to rely more on the Internet to update
latest news on a daily basis, print media like newspapers still hold the most
significant role when it comes to sources of news. Personally, I strongly disagree with
mentioned opinion.
There are various reasons why I suppose that the Internet surpasses the newspapers.
Firstly, the news on the Internet can be up-to-the-minute. As long as we have smart
phone or a computer with the availability of Internet access, we can easily get up to
date with the hottest news of current affairs. Secondly, it is almost free of charge to
publish the news on the Internet. Therefore, authors can keep up with providing
viewers with more information. Moreover, it is convenient for visitors to look for
pieces of news relating to any particular topic because they are logically recorded
during the timeline.
In conclusion, for the reasons I mentioned above, I believe that online news is more
popular and newspaper is no longer the major source of news.
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GOVERNMENT
Savings have been disposed of in order to meet the growing gap between income and
expenditure
16. Invest (v): to spend money on something in order to make it better or more
successful
Investment (n)
E.g. The government has invested heavily in public transport.
E.g. The college is to invest $2 million in a new conference hall
17. Allocate (v): to give something officially to somebody/something for a
particular purpose
Allocation (n):
E.g. Large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.
E.g. More resources are being allocated to the project.
18. Objective (n): something that you are trying to achieve
Objective (n)
E.g. You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.
E.g. The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.
19. Responsible (a): having the job or duty of doing something or taking care of
somebody/something, so that you may be blamed if something goes wrong
Responsibility (n)
E.g. Mike is responsible for designing the entire project
E.g. Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be
responsible for their children.
20. Implement (v): to make something that has been officially decided start to
happen or be used
Implementation (n):
E.g. A new work programme for young people will be implemented.
E.g. Steps to protect forest areas should be implemented without further delay.
21. Enact (v): to make law
Enactment (n)
E.g. Legislation was enacted to attract international companies
E.g. In the United States, several states have already enacted genetic privacy laws.
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SPEAKING PART 2
When it comes to law that I like, I want to talk about a law about animal right which
was enforced by Taiwan Government. I have just read about the news on the Internet
on CNN news.
According to the law, its illegal for anyone who trade or eat dogs and cats meat. The
will be fined up to more than 8000 dollars. The amendment also bans the brutal
treatment of the animals. The violators will be 2 years imprison
I believe the law is important because it will protect dogs and cats from being
slaughtered for food. They are our pet and companionship; they are smart and show
affection to us. Its immoral to kill them just for eating or abuse them. I and other
animal lovers were angry after a string of shocking animal abuse cases.
The thing that I like most about the law is the penalties for violators especially
animals cruelty. The law would change the public thinking, making people become
more compassionate and sympathetic with the plight of dogs and recognize the
criminality behind the dog meat industry.
SPEAKING PART 3
1. What new law do you think Government should introduce to improve life
in your country?
Well, I think Government should introduce a law about classifying garbage
into cycle and non-cycle materials before throwing it out. Unsorted garbage
dumps contribute to the air and underground water pollution. So, if the law is
enforced, garbage can turn into good things that we can recycle like plastic,
glass and paper. It is also a way to save labor.
5. What are some ways that the government could use to help educate people
about the environment?
They can use mass media like TV, newspapers and magazines to tell people
about problems regarding the environment and introduce the new policies. In
schools, they can educate children about environment through extra activities
like competitions, voluntary works, recycling at home.
WRITING
Topic: Some people think that it is more important for Government to spend
public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in other to prevent illness than to
spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?
It is generally supposed that more Government spending should be spent to get rid
of diseases by encouraging healthy lifestyle. While this could bring benefits, I am
against the viewpoint that this should be given higher priority than treatment of
patients who are suffering serious diseases.
TOURISM
1. Explore (v): Travel through (an unfamiliar area) in order to learn about it
Exploration (n)
E.g. I spent a lot of time trekking through the jungle, exploring uncharted areas and
meeting primitive tribes, some were friendly but more often than not they were
unfriendly
E.g. The town is small enough to be easily explored on foot
2. Appeal to s.b (v): Attract someone
Appealing (a)
E.g. Nha Trang which is one of the most beautiful cities in Vietnam appeals to a huge
number of tourists for a lot of reasons
E.g Son Doong Cave appeals to the people who are in favor of discovering and
stretch them to the limit with its mysterious beauty
3. Enrich (v): Improve or enhance the quality or value of
Enrichment (n)
E.g. He's going away to some foreign country to enrich his knowledge and
experience of other cultures
E.g. Tourism plays a very important part in Chinese economy and greatly enriches all
citizens' lives
4. Economic (a): Relating to economics or the economy
Economy (n)
E.g. Tourism can provide benefit like direct jobs to the community and economy,
such as tour guides or hotel housekeeping
E.g. The tourism industry generates substantial economic benefits to both host
countries and tourists home countries
5. Cultural (a): Relating to the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a society
Culture (n)
E.g. Cultural Exchange and Community Based tourism attract more and more
adventurous travelers to Kenya, Ethiopia, Nepal and Thailand
E.g. Traveling brings people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an
educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and
provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests
6. Promote (v): enhance
Promotion (n)
E.g. The tourism promote the development of the country that has advantages of
natural scenery
E.g. By traveling people can move to everywhere and promote cultural
communication
7. Expand (v): become or make larger or more extensive
Expandability (n)
Expandable (a)
E.g. Traveling helps people expand their horizons
E.g. An innovative project aimed at easing travel problems for young people in rural
areas is expanding after proving a success
8. Benefit (n): An advantage or profit gained from something
Benefit from (v)
Beneficial (a)
E.g. There is a variety of advantages benefited from tourism
E.g. Tourism has beneficial effect on the economy
9. Attraction (n): The action or power of evoking interest in or liking for someone or
something
Attractive (a)
Attraction (n)
E.g. London is a tourist attraction to many people all over the world
E.g. Cu Chi tunnel which is a tourist attraction of Ho Chi Minh City lets visitors
experience what it must have been like for soldiers who used an extensive network of
tunnels to move around undetected by their enemies.
10. Experience (n): Practical contact with and observation of facts or events
Experience (v)
E.g. All of the young should have first-hand experience of bush walk
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E.g. It argues that observation and experience are keys to widen the horizons of
everyone.
11. Multi-sensory (a): relating to or involving several physiological senses
E.g. Traveling is a multi-sensory activity
E.g. Its almost too obvious to say that we are living in a multisensory world
12. Understanding (n): The ability to understand something; comprehension
Understand (v)
Understandable (a)
E.g. While traveling, people can enhance their mutual understanding of their
partners
E.g. For most of the people, traveling is ties which make a mutual understanding
easier to find.
13. Infrastructure (n): The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities
(E.g. buildings, roads, power supplies)
E.g. Tourism may help country improve the infrastructure of the local area
E.g. Tourism infrastructure is the basis of tourism development and utilization of
existing destination resources
14. Burden (n): A duty or misfortune that causes worry, hardship, or distress
E.g. Tourism might place a heavy burden on the local environment
E.g. Tourism may help the country decrease the burden of economy
15. Local (a): Relating or restricted to a particular area or one's neighborhood
- Local (n)
E.g. Tourism might disturb the daily life of local people
E.g. The Park and Ride would also serve the new center, attracting people from a
wider area and boosting the local economy
16. Commercialize (v): Manage or exploit (an organization, activity, etc.) in a way
designed to make a profit
Commercial (a)
Commerce (n)
E.g. With decreasing budgets and more conservative political philosophies, managers
are under more pressure to commercialize tourism
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SPEAKING PART 2
A few years ago I went on a long holiday to Da Lat city. Its a tourist spot in the
southern parts of the Central Highlands region in Vietnam. I went on my own and had
a wonderful time as well as first-hand experience. I stayed in a youth hostel and met
some really nice local residents who are generous and don't hesitate to help people.
However, the most memorable thing about the holiday was the breathtaking views,
and lovely picturesque villages. Da Lat can get very busy with hordes of tourists,
hence I decided to go out of season in the autumn when the weather was cool and the
shops were full of local crafts. Indeed, it was such a really great holiday. Its certainly
not the kind of short break for someone looking for a busy nightlife but if you want
to relax in the middle of stunning landscape I would certainly recommend a holiday
to this wonderful destination.
SPEAKING PART 3
As tourist attractions that provide entertainment for all ages and reflect the local
culture and history of a place appeal to more visitors, local communities,
understanding the economic benefits of eco-tourism, will motivate to protect
resources and adopt conservationist attitudes. Moreover, revenue derived from
park-entrance fees and similar sources can help finance the protection and
management of environmentally sensitive areas.
WRITING
Topic: Some people believe that tourists should accept social and environmental
responsibility while others believe that tourists should not accept any
responsibility as all. What is your opinion?
It is undeniable that tourism industry has contributed to the many economies of the
world, hence most of the countries are paying attempt to promote their tourism
industry. However, due to the adverse social and environmental effect of tourism,
some people argue that tourists should be responsible for this. From my point of view,
I absolutely agree with this statement and the essay below will clarify my ideas.
The first vital reason why tourists should be responsible is the impact on the local
ecological environment of tourist destinations. One of the most defective
consequence needs considering is pollution caused by the litter of wrappers and plastic
bottles at loads of tourist spots. As a result, it has taken an abundant of time to get
them cleaned up and restore tourism here. That is not to mention the over-
consumption of resources by tourists such as fuel or water, which does not
correspond with the sustainable development and the injustice with the locals. For
example, on contrary to the scarcity of drinking water of the local in Dubai, tourists
stay in five-star accommodation and take two showers a day.
Moreover, the second reason is the negative sequel to the society. Firstly, because of
an increasing number of people coming there, crowding, congestion and social vices
may possibly occur, the daily life of local people may also be disturbed. Last but
not least, if tourists do not respect the local culture, such as they fail to cover their
head and take off their shoes when they get into some religious places, there will be an
erosion of traditional values and the whole purpose of tourism.
1. Developing countries: are countries with little industrial and economic activity
where people generally have low incomes.
E.g. Developing countries are defined according to their Gross National Income
(GNI) per capita per year
E.g. Developing countries comprise a majority of the WTO membership
2. Developed countries: countries with a lot of industrial and economic activity
where people generally have high incomes.
E.g. Though it once reigned alongside the United States as a world superpower,
Russia is not classified as a developed country as of 2015
E.g. Hong Kong has been considered as a developed country since 1997
3. Emerging economy = emerging market economy: a nations economy
progressing toward becoming developed and advanced
E.g. The four largest emerging economies by either nominal or PPP-adjusted GDP
are the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China)
E.g. Vietnam's Economy Is an Emerging Market Standout
4. Global village: the idea that we became a single community due to affordable and
effective transportation, mass media, and electronic communications
E.g. People are afraid that the evolution of a global village will raise conflicts
between cultures.
E.g. Marshall McLuhan once wrote that the new electronic interdependence recreates
the world in the image of a global village
5. Global economy: refers to economy of the world comprising economies of
different countries closely interrelated.
E.g. Thanks to global economy a shirt is now likely to cost roughly the same amount
of money in New York as in New Delhi.
E.g. In 2008, the global economy went into a tailspin as stock markets around the
world faltered
17. Cultural (a): Relating to the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a society
Culture (n)
E.g. Cultural Exchange and Community Based tourism attract more and more
adventurous travelers to Kenya, Ethiopia, Nepal and Thailand
E.g. Traveling brings people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an
educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and
provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests
18. Protect (v): Aim to preserve
Protection (n)
Protected (a)
Protecting (a)
E.g. They are also involved in improving public access, protecting agricultural lands,
and restoring urban waterfronts
E.g. In partnership with the Department for Culture Media and Sport, the British
Council has launched a 30 million fund to protect cultural heritage overseas at risk
19. Time-honoured (a) = ancient
E.g. Grease, in time-honored Hollywood fashion, helps us forget hardship to focus
on the good times
E.g. If your family has a 20-year tradition of decorating the Christmas tree on
Christmas eve, this tradition is an example of something that would be described as a
time-honored tradition
20. Harmony (n): Balance
E.g. Which attitude works best for achieving harmony between different ethnic
groups in a country?
E.g. Harmony and peacefulness are at the core of Chinese traditional culture
SPEAKING PART 2
Different cultures and nations have their own custom, way of living and many
distinctive characteristics. Some of those are common across different countries and
some of those cultures are quite different. Finnish culture is one such culture that I
like very much. Finnish culture is a rich culture that has a time-honoured heritage
and has gone different changes over time. Finland is located in Northern Europe and
has more than 6,000,000 populations. Finnish is their main language and Evangelical
Lutheran is the main religion of Finnish people. Finnish culture is composed of Finn,
Swede, Sami, Roma, Tatar ethnic group and Finn is over 90% of the total population.
Finnish people have an egalitarian society, which is reflected in their language that
employs gender-neutral words. Finnish people are very modest in behaviours, they
give very importance on modesty and humbleness and always try to preserve their
traditional values.
SPEAKING PART 3
2. How will your country's culture have changed in fifty years' time?
We are becoming more and more multicultural, so I'm not sure that all of our time-
honoured traditions will survive in their current form and how we can preserve
them. For example, can we continue to regard Christmas as our major annual
celebration if perhaps half of the country does not have Christianity as its religion? It
would be a shame to lose our traditions. However, if that is indeed the case,
something new will have replaced them in fifty years' time. And maybe it is better to
develop new customs and celebrations that more accurately reflect modern society and
show the harmony between traditional culture and modern culture.
product which is now likely to cost roughly the same amount of money in other
countries. Overall, yes, I think its a good thing.
WRITING
Topic: The advantage of the spread of English as a global language will continue
to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The widespread usage of a single language, English in this case, attracts foreign
investors and tourists from developed countries; promoting globalization, and it has
both advantages and disadvantages. Firstly, in the globalization economy, it is
improved through the profitable businesses of multi-national companies. In addition to
this, the tourists arrivals increase due to hospitality enjoyed when spoken to in a
common language. Moreover, this influx increases the governments revenue
generated from the hospitality industry. On the other hand, the promotion of
international trade can harm the local business expansions. Furthermore, due to the
increasing use of the English language, many local languages are getting less priority
and thus impacting the cultural identity of many nations.
English provides a solid foundation for people seeking quality education in developed
countries and equips them to secure a high paying job in a multinational company,
which can help them obtain a high standard of living. Firstly, it is the only medium
of teaching instruction in the worlds top universities; an active command of the
language secures an admission to a university. To add, knowledge of the language
place candidates a step forward in the job hunting pool; the chances are high that the
desired position is earned.
In conclusion, while the increasing usage of English attracts foreign businesses and
tourists in underdeveloped nations, local businesses may be stifled, and natives may
be undermined. However, the benefits it brings to these nations through globalization,
and their people by laying a foundation for quality education eclipse its drawbacks,
which in my opinion, is a positive trend.
EDUCATION
2. Youth (n): the period of your life when you are young, or the state of
being young
Youth (n): young people
Youthful (adj)
Youthfully (adv)
E.g. I was a fairly good football player in my youth.
E.g. He looks like a man who's found the secret to eternal youth.
3. School (n): a place where children go to be educated
Schooling (v)
E.g. They're building a new school in the town
E.g. She drives the kids to school every morning.
Awareness (n)
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Recognition (n)
Recognitional (adj)
E.g. I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately.
E.g. Do you recognize this song?
Creation (n)
Creativity (n)
Creative (adj): producing or using original and unusual ideas.
Creatively (adv)
E.g. She's very creative on the design front .
E.g. Like many creative individuals, she can be very bad-tempered.
8. Educate (v): to teach someone, especially using the formal system of school,
college, or university
Education (n)
Educational (adj)
E.g..: As a child he received most of his education at home.
E.g. I'm very fortunate to have had such a good education.
9. Obtain (v): to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it,
working for it, or producing it from something else
Obtainable (adj)
E.g. First editions of these books are now almost impossible to obtain.
E.g. In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.
Contribution (n)
Contributive (adj)
E.g. Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute.
E.g. Her family has contributed $50,000 to the fund.
Motive (v)
Motivation (n)
E.g. Like so many people, he's motivated by greed.
E.g. He is genuinely motivated by a desire to help people.
Improvement (n)
E.g. He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers.
E.g. I thought the best way to improve my French was to live in France.
Memorise (v)
Memorial (adj)
Memorisation (n)
Memorable (adj)
Memorably (adv)
E.g. After the accident he suffered from memory loss.
E.g. She has an excellent memory for names.
Adaptation (n)
Adaptability (n)
Adaptable (adj)
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Adaptably (adv)
E.g. We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.
E.g. We live in a changing world and people must learn to adapt.
15. Subject (n): the thing that is being discussed, considered, or studied
Subjection (n)
Subjective (adj)
E.g. Our subject for discussion is homelessness.
E.g. She has made a series of documentaries on the subject of family
relationships.
16. Qualification (n): an official record showing that you have finished a
training course or have the necessary skills, etc.
Qualify (v)
Qualifier (n): a team or person who has won part of a competition and is
therefore competing in the next part of it
E.g. You'll never get a good job if you don't have any qualifications.
E.g. Do you have any academic qualifications?
17. Theory (n): a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is
based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or,
more generally, an opinion or explanation
Theorise (v)
Theoretical (adj)
Theoretically (adv)
E.g. It was Ptolemy who propounded the theory that the earth was at the centre
of the universe.
E.g. This new evidence lends support to the theory that she was murdered.
18. Nurture (v): to take care of, feed, and protect someone or
something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it
to develop
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Nurture (n)
E.g. She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
E.g. As a record company executive, his job is to nurture young talent.
19. Pressure (n): the force you produce when you press something
Pressure (v)
E.g. Be nice to him - he's been under a lot of pressure recently.
R.g. He put too much pressure on the door handle and it snapped.
Knowledge (n)
E.g. Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive.
E.g. He has a limited knowledge of French.
SPEAKING PART 2
Describe a period of time from your studies that was the most difficult for you so
far.
You should say:
When it was
Why was it hard
What you were doing at that time
Well, when it comes to the most pressure time during my school years, the first thing
comes to my mind is my last semester, which is the period that I never want to recall.
Like, it was really difficult due to enormous amounts of homework that had to be done
and knowledge that had to be memorised... Em, but the worst thing is that, well, I lost
motivation in, you know, obtaining any subject at that time. So, consequently, I
decided to stop whatever I was doing and spent some times to rest with my friends and
family, sharing my problem to them in order to receive their advices and joint in some
extracurricular activities to, you know, find out what I wanted ... And fortunately, in
the end, everything seems to work out really well as I managed to pass all the exams
and at the same time was fully aware of what I want, what I desire to And now,
thinking back about that harsh time, although it was not very pleasure, I must admit
that, well, I had improved, growth up a lot thanks to that period.
SPEAKING PART 3
like, you know, video games or chatting, then I dont think in that case
computers are educational or even healthy.
WRITING
Topic: Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates
get better jobs. Others believe there are much wider benefits of university
education for both individuals and society. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.
The topic of the purpose of education has never ceased to attract public attention from
the past until now, among which the components of university education seem to be
controversial. Even though it is definitely directed towards generating lucrative
employment opportunities for the advanced students; there are additional arrays of
associated benefits of tertiary education that are worth mentioning. This essay will
examine both sides of the argument.
Those who hold graduate degrees are regarded as highly qualified individuals since
they own a means of better employability. The first benefit can be seen through the
attractive incomes they obtain. Market researches in developed countries have shown
that post graduates are able to command a considerable higher salary at workplace
when compared to graduates or simple high school diploma holders. Moreover, the
specialist world of certain white collared highly respected professions. In detail, those
of physicians, engineers, scientists can only be pursued, after graduating from the
respective university courses. Furthermore, in certain fields like management,
employees have a better chance of promotion based on their qualifications.
In this context it is worth mentioning that, apart from generating lucrative jobs for
students, universities also contribute to the nation by creating educated societies,
containing an immense pool of forward thinking individuals, who can contribute
towards social development by their respective expertise. For example, doctors and
scientists research day and night with unwavering aims of finding cures for cancers,
asthmas and muscle dystrophies, or engineers and architects craft and construct
buildings that can withstand floods and earthquakes. Individuals graduating from
universities also additionally benefit from the multicultural environments that promote
intercultural tolerance and brotherhood. The process of tertiary education also
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promotes teamwork and collective development amongst individuals. Over and above,
numerous long lasting friendships, business partnerships and courtships also bloom
from the university campus life.
Finally, to sum up, it can be confidently stated that apart from generating respectable
employment, there are numerous associated positive aspects of university education. I
believe that it opens people to better career opportunities but most importantly, it
immensely aids in improving for a better society.
TECHNOLOGY
Network (n)
E.g. Our computer system consists of about 20 personal computers networked to
a powerful file-server.
E.g. I don't really enjoy these conferences, but they're a good opportunity to
network.
6. Automatic (adj): An
automatic machineor device is ableto operate independently of human control
Automatically (adv)
Automation (n)
Automotive (a)
Automaton (n)
E.g. These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism.
E.g. The state legislature passed an act banning the sale of automatic weapons.
7. Machine (n): a piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power
to do a particular type of work
Machinery (n): a group of large machines or the parts of a machine that make
it work
E.g. The different sizes of eggs are sorted by a machine.
E.g. I got some chocolate from a vending machine.
8. Produce (v): to make something or bring something into existence
Product (n): something are made to be sold
Production (n)
Productive (adj)
Productively (adv)
E.g. France produces a great deal of wine for export.
E.g. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
9. Advance (v): to go or move something forward, or to develop or improve
something
Advance (adj): happening, done, or ready before an event
Advantage (n)
Advantageous (adj)
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Advantageously (adv)
E.g. The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.
E.g. Despite the twin advantages of wealth and beauty, she did not have a happy
life.
10. Promote (v): to encourage people to like, buy, use, do, or support something
Promotion (n)
Promotional (adj)
E.g. Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote
products.
E.g. It has long been known that regular exercise promotes all-roundgoodhealth.
11. Facilitate (v): to make something possible or easier
Facilitation (n)
E.g. The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
E.g. The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow.
12. Inform (v): to tell someone about particular facts
Information (n)
Informative (adj)
E.g. Do you have any information about/on train times?
E.g. I read an interesting bit/piece of information in the newspaper.
13. Innovate (v): to introduce changes and new ideas
Innovation (n)
Innovative (adj)
Innovational (adj)
E.g. Technological innovations designed to save energy.
E.g. Innovation is crucial to the continuing success of any organization.
14. Damage (v): to harm or spoil something
Damage (n)
Damaging (adj)
Damaged (adj)
E.g. Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
E.g. It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations.
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Isolated (adj)
E.g. A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village.
E.g. They tried to isolate the cause of the problem.
SPEAKING PART 2
When it comes to a useful means of technology, the first thing comes to my mind is
my iPhone, which is given to me on my 18th birthday. My parents bought it so, yeah, it
became more precious to me Besides from functioning as a normal phone, which
helps you make a call or text message to others, I can also surf the Internet and send
email. Moreover, you can buy or download several applications on the online app
store, which includes some really useful ones like maps, games, social networking
apps, music, videos and books. These apps, you know, at some point, facilitate
everything in my life. More important, iPhone has the great security system, so I do
not need to worry about my private information been leaked out. So, um, for so
many thing rolled into just one small electronic device, this phone is really crucial, at
least to me.
SPEAKING PART 3
3. In what ways have these developments changed society for the better?
Well, like I have mentioned before, they have bought people closer in many
ways. But there are also pros and cons. First of all, some people seems to
believe or even imitate, what they read, see online, which is obviously
dangerous. Then, many people spend too much time surfing the Internet instead
of going out and socializing. This leads to the losing of not only, um, the ability
to communicate probably, face-to-face of that person, but also affects heavily
on their health.
friend gather around, although we do still talk to each other, we was distracted
several moment to use our phone.
WRITING
Topic: Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed
because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of
relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative
development?
Due to the rapid development in the digital world, it is true that new technologies
have had an influence on facilitating the way people communicate with each other.
Yet, there is still an argument of whether that impact will bring back benefits or
drawbacks to human relationship. In my opinion, there are both positive and negative
effects.
Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life.
Firstly, workers can take full advance of equipment like the telephones and the
Internet in business by interacting with people in different countries without ever
meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for
relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take
video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use
social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share
common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.
of this trend is probably users health. Spending more than eight hours per day
looking at the screen will do no good but weaken your own physical condition.