GENERIC NAME: Essential Amino acids

BRAND NAME: Ketosteril

DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Ketoanalogs; Essential amino acids
INDICATION:
Protein energy malnutrition
Prevention and treatment of conditions caused by modified or insufficient protein
metabolism in chronic renal failure
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Normalizes metabolic process, promotes recycling product
exchange. Reduces ion concentration of potassium, magnesium and phosphate
SIDE EFFECTS:
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Give with food if GI upset occurs

Frequently assess for hypercalcemia

GENERIC NAME: Calcitriol

BRAND NAME: Rocaltrol
DRUG CLASSIFICATION:
INDICATION: used to treat calcium deficiency (hypocalcemia) and metabolic bone disease
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Calcitriol is vitamin D3. Vitamin D is important for the
absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body
SIDE EFFECTS: weakness, headache, drowsiness; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain,
constipation; loss of appetite; dry mouth, increased thirst; metallic taste in your mouth
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
Assess calcium level prior to administration Dont give if ca level is too high
GENERIC NAME: Spironolactone
BRAND NAME: Aldazide
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Diuretic
INDICATION: Essential hypertension, edema and ascites of CHF, nephritic syndrome
MECHANISM OF ACTION: competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal
tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and
hydrogen ions, may block the effect of aldosterone on arteriolar smooth muscle as well
SIDE EFFECTS: lethargy, headache and thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis,
cutaneous eruptions, pruritus, mental confusion, paresthesia, acute pancreatitis, jaundice,
orthostatic hypertension, muscle spasm, weakness, fever, ataxia
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Educate patient to avoid hazardous activity

Take with meals or milk; avoid excessive ingestion of food high in potassium or use
of salt substitutes
Diuretic effect may be delayed 2-3 days and maximum hypertensive may be delayed
2-3weeks; monitor I and O ratios and daily weight, BP, serum electrolytes (K, Na) and
renal function

GENERIC NAME: Amiodarone

BRAND NAME: Pacerone
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Antianginal/anti-arrythmic
INDICATION:
MECHANISM OF ACTION: The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone may be due to at least
two major actions. (1) it prolongs the myocardial cell-action potential (phase 3) duration
and refractory period by acting directly on all cardiac tissue Decreases AV and sinus node
function and acts as a noncompetitive a- and b-adrenergic inhibitor
SIDE EFFECTS: Constipation, headache, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, paresthesias,
photosensitivity, muscular incoordination, Hypotension, nausea, fever, bradycardia.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess BP and apical pulse immediately before drug is administered (if pulse is
60/min or less or systolic B/P is less than 90 mm Hg, withhold medication, contact
physician)
Restrict salt, alcohol intake
GENERIC NAME: Potassium Chloride (KCL)
BRAND NAME: Kalium-Durules
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Mineral and electrolyte supplement
INDICATION: For replacement of K+ related to lasix usage, treatment/prevention of K
depletion.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Principal intracellular cation; essential for maintenance of
intracellular isotonicity, transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and
smooth muscles, maintenance of normal kidney function, and for enzyme activity. Plays a
prominent role in both formation and correction of imbalances in acidbase metabolism
SIDE EFFECTS: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
weakness, GI ulceration, arrhythmias
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess for S/SX of hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. (weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias,

polyuria)
Do not give the drug if K level is >5.5 mEq/l
Advise to report dark, tarry stool utilizes a wax matrix as carrier for KCl crystals
that passes through the digestive system

GENERIC NAME: Ketoanalogue

BRAND NAME: Ketosterile
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Supplement
INDICATION: Supplements indicated for patients ha"ing urologic problems like chronic
kidney disease
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
SIDE EFFECTS: Hypercalcemia
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Before: Assess electrolyte levels, VS

During: Administer with food to prevent GI upset
After: Instruct to report S/SX of hypercalcemia (muscle weakness, constipation),
Monitor VS especially cardiac changes
GENERIC NAME: Carvedilol
BRAND NAME: Coreg
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Antihypertensive (-a and b adrenergic blocker)
INDICATION: Hypertension
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Carvedilol causes vasodilation by blocking the activity of -
blockers, mainly at alpha-1receptors. It exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing
total peripheral resistance and vasodilation. It is used in patients with renal impairment,
NIDDM or IDDM
SIDE EFFECTS: Bradycardia, AV block, angina pectoris, hypervolemia, leucopenia,
hypotension, peripheral edema, allergy, malaise,
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Baseline weight, skin condition, neurologic status, P,BP, ECG, respiratory status,
LFTs, renal and thyroid function tests, blood and urine glucose
Give with food to decrease orthostatic hypotension
Monitor patient for any sign of hepatic impairment(pruritus, dark urine or stools,
anorexia, jaundice, pain);

GENERIC NAME: Furosemide

BRAND NAME: Lasix
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Diuretics
INDICATION: Edema due to cardiac disease, HTN
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Inhibits the reabsorption of Na and H2o in the ascending limb of
the loop of Henle by interfering with the Chloride binding site of the Na+, K+, and Cl-
cotransport system Increases the rate of delivery of tubular fluid and electrolytes to the
distal sites of Hydrogen and K+ ion secretion, while plasma volume contraction increases
aldosterone production promotes Na reabsorption at the distal tubules, thus increasing the
loss of K and H ions
Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, thus increasing
renal excretion of sodium, chloride and water.
SIDE EFFECTS: low BP, photophobia, diarrhea, Increase blood sugar and uric acid level
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess fluid volume status (urine, color, quality and specific gravity)
I & ), skin turgor
GENERIC NAME: Levofloxacin
BRAND NAME: Levan
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Antibiotic, Fluoroquinolone
INDICATION: Pneumonia
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Bactericidal: Interferes with DNA by inhibiting DNA synase
replication insusceptible gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, preventing cell
reproduction
SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, insomnia, musculoskeletal effects,
pain, reddening of the infusion site, phlebitis, increase in liver enzymes, eosinophilia,
leukopenia
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Obtain baseline assessment of patient signs and symptoms of infections and reassess
during treatment: characteristics of wound, sputum, urine, stool, fever and WBC
count
Assess renal function: urine output. Monitor BUN, creatinine, serum electrolytes:
potassium, sodium, chloride

GENERIC NAME: Zynapse

BRAND NAME: Citicoline
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Neuro protectant agent (CNS Stimulant, Peripheral Vasodilators,
Cerebral Activators, Nootropics)
INDICATION: Long term blood circulation problems in the brain, Stroke recovery, Age
related memory loss
MECHANISM OF ACTION: activates the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids in the
neuronal membrane, increases cerebral metabolism and increases the level of various
neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine and dopamine.
SIDE EFFECTS: insomnia, headache, diarrhea, low or high BP, nausea, blurred vision, chest
pain
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Monitor BP prior and after administration of drugs

Note if there are signs of slurring of speech
GENERIC NAME: Rebamipide
BRAND NAME: Mucosta
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Antacid
INDICATION: Peptic ulcer, Gastritis
MECHANISM OF ACTION: It is a mucosal protective agent and is postulated to increase
gastric blood flow, prostaglandin biosynthesis and decrease free oxygen radicals
SIDE EFFECTS: Rash, pruritus, constipation, diarrhea, nausea
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

GENERIC NAME: Tramadol

BRAND NAME: Ultram, Dolcet
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Analgesic
INDICATION: management of moderate to moderately severe pain
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
SIDE EFFECTS: nausea, constipation, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and vomiting
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess BP & RR before and periodically during administration

Assess bowel function routinely. Prevention of constipation should be instituted with
increased intake of fluids
GENERIC NAME: Bacillus Clausii
BRAND NAME: Erceflora
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: antidiarrheals
INDICATION:
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Contributes to the recovery of the intestinal microbial flora
altered during the course of microbial disorders of diverse origin.
-Produces various vitamins, particularly group B vitamins thus contributing to correction of
vitamin disorders caused by antibiotics & chemotherapeutic agents.
-Promotes normalization of intestinal flora
SIDE EFFECTS: No side effects have been reported, up to the present time
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Administer drug within 30 minutes after opening container

Dilute drug with sweetened milk, orange juice or tea

GENERIC NAME: Omeprazole

BRAND NAME: Prilosec
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Proton pump inhibitor
INDICATION: Gastric ulcer, GERD
MECHANISM OF ACTION: An anti-secretory compound that is a gastric acid pump
inhibitor. Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme system
[the acid (proton H+) pump] in the parietal cells.
-Suppresses gastric acid secretion relieving gastrointestinal distress and promoting ulcer
healing
SIDE EFFECTS:
CNS: Headache, dizziness, fatigue. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, mild transient
increases in liver function tests. Hematuria, proteinuria.
Skin:Rash.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Monitor urinalysis for hematuria and proteinuria

Report any changes in urinary elimination such as pain or discomfort associated
with urination, or blood in urine
GENERIC NAME: Paracetamol
BRAND NAME: Biogesic
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Analgesic, antipyretic
INDICATION: Fever, relieve mild to moderate pain
MECHANISM OF ACTION: inhibiting CNS prostaglandin synthesis. The mechanism of
morphine is believed to involve decreased permeability of the cell membrane to sodium,
which results in diminished transmission of pain impulses therefore analgesia
SIDE EFFECTS: hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

GENERIC NAME: Salbutamol

BRAND NAME: Ventolin
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Bronchodilator
INDICATION: Quick relief of bronchospasm
MECHANISM OF ACTION: It relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles allowing maximum passage of air.
It decreases intracellular calcium which will relax the smooth muscles of the lungs by mobilizing kinase through
activation of cyclic-35-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

SIDE EFFECTS: Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, CNS stimulation, vertigo, headache,
weakness, tremors, drowsiness CV: Cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations, tachycardia

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
Raise side rails up because client might be restless and drowsy because of this drug
Provide oral care or let patient gurgle after inhalation to get rid of the unpleasant aftertaste
of the inhalation
Auscultate lungs for presence of adventitious breath sounds that may signal pulmonary
edema, airway resistance or bronchospasm.
Inspect clients nail bed and oral mucosa for pallor.
Place client in position of comfort to facilitate optimum rest and sleep
GENERIC NAME: Bactoran
BRAND NAME: mupirocin
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: anti-infectives
INDICATION: Secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions(dead skin)
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
SIDE EFFECTS:
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess lesions before and daily during therapy

GENERIC NAME: Acetylcysteine

BRAND NAME: Fluimucil
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Mucolytic agent
INDICATION: Treatment of respiratory affections characterized by thick and viscous
hypersecretions: acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and its exacerbations; pulmonary
emphysema, mucoviscidosis and bronchiectasis
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Exerts mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group which
opens up the disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins thus lowering mucous viscosity. The exact
mechanism of action in acetaminophen toxicity is unknown. It is thought to act by
providing substrate for conjugation with the toxic metabolite
SIDE EFFECTS: bronchospasm, angioedema, rashes and pruritus, may occur. Other adverse
effects reported include nausea and vomiting, fever, syncope, sweating, arthralgia, blurred
vision, disturbances of liver function
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Monitor effectiveness of therapy and advent of adverse/allergic effects

GENERIC NAME: Ca + Vit D
BRAND NAME:
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Multivitamins
INDICATION:
MECHANISM OF ACTION: adjunct in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Vit D3
is a fat soluble sterol, it aids in the regulation of calcium and po4 homeostasis and bone
mineralization
SIDE EFFECTS: Constipation, flatulence, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Monitor VS especially BP and HR (ca)

GENERIC NAME: Lipidem

BRAND NAME:
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Parenteral Nutritional Products; fat emulsions ; Belongs to the class
of solutions for parenteral nutrition used in I.V. solutions.
INDICATION: Supply of fats including essential omega-3 & omega-6 fatty acids as part of
TPN in adults if oral or enteral nutrition is impossible, inadequate or contraindicated
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
SIDE EFFECTS: Hypercoagulation, allergic reactions, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia,
metabolic acidosis, ketoacidosis, drowsiness, HTN or hypotension, shortness of breath,
cyanosis, nausea, vomiting, headache, inflammatory, raised body temp, bouts of sweating,
shivering, chest & back pain, fat overload syndrome
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
GENERIC NAME: Simethicone
BRAND NAME: Alka-Seltzer Gas Relief, Mylicon
DRUG CLASSIFICATION: Antiflatulent
INDICATION: Treatment of flatulence, gastric bloating
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Changes surface tension of gas bubbles, allowing easier
elimination of gas. It prevents formation of gas pockets in GI tract
SIDE EFFECTS:
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Assess for flatulence and abdominal bloating prior administration

GENERIC NAME:
BRAND NAME:
DRUG CLASSIFICATION:
INDICATION:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
SIDE EFFECTS:
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: