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Incio do Treinamento: 17:05h

Inspire 2016 Training

Karen Silva
Treinamentos, WEBINARS e Parcerias Acadmicas

T +55 11 3884-0414 (Extension line: 67)


M +55 11 9 6793-5981
karen@altair.com
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Formato deste Treinamento

Perguntas podem ser feitas a qualquer instante (via chat)

Em caso de dvidas fora do treinamento, entre em contato atravs do e-mail: karen@altair.com

Testes para verificao do entendimento, sero feitos durante o treinamento

Ao final do treinamento ser realizada uma pesquisa de satisfao.

O Certificado somente ser entregue mediante a 100% de presena


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Training Objectives

Learn how to use Inspire to generate and analyze design concepts

Understand how to incorporate Inspire into traditional design processes to efficiently create
optimal designs
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Course Outline
1: Overview............................................................... 5 4: Analysis.. 48
Inspire Introduction FEA 101, Why Analysis?
Design Examples Analysis Tool Overview
Demonstration Loads and Supports
Exercise #1: Generating Your First Design Concept Load Cases
Overview of Parts/Material
2: Inspire Interface................................................... 19 Demonstration
Inspire GUI: Icons, Model Browser, Units, Navigation Exercise #4: Running A Simple Analysis
Measure, Configure, Translate/Rotate and View tools
Exercise #2: Rebuild Model 5: Simplify Tool and Optimizations..... 74
Simplify/Patch Tools
3: Sketching/Solid Edit 28
Overview of Sketching Tools, Push/Pull/Snap Overview of Optimization Functionality
DesignNon Design Space Shape Controls
Demonstration Demonstration
Exercise #3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid
Edit Tools Exercise #5: Simplification Tools for Redesign
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Course Outline

6: Re-Analysis............................................................ 97
Analysis and Results Tools
Results Comparison Tool, Callouts
Demonstration
Exercise #6: Reanalysis

7: PolyNURBS.......................................................... 114
PolyNURBS Overview
Demonstration
Exercise #7: PolyNURBS
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Chapter 1: Overview

6
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Inspire Introduction

What is Inspire?
solidThinking Inspire enables design engineers, product designers, and architects to create and investigate structurally
efficient concepts quickly and easily. Traditional structural simulations allow engineers to check if a design will support the
required loads. Inspire enhances this process by generating a new material layout within a package space using the loads
as an input. The software is easy to learn and works with existing CAD tools to help design structural parts right the first
time, reducing costs, development time, material consumption, and product weight.
Why use Inspire?
Faster:
Produce efficient designs the first time
Eliminate several iterations of downstream redesign
Smarter:
Understand material, geometry and loading effects
Explore and study multiple design options
Lighter:
Efficient material distribution reduces weight
Material removal = reduced part costs
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Why Inspire?
Original Design *

Inspire Design Proposal

Final Design: - 55% mass!

*Source:. Hoepke, S. Breuer (Hrsg.),Nutzfahrzeugtechnik, Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden 2013


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Why Inspire?

23% weight savings compared to initial design


casting constraints to ensure manufacturability
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How Does Inspire Fit into the Design Process?

Traditional Design Process


Validation & Prototyping
Product Develop Detailed
Production
Definition Concept Design
Documentation

Inspire Design Process

Product Inspire Detailed


Validation &
Prototyping
Production
$
Concept Design
Definition Documentation

Start with the solution and shorten time to market


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Enhancing Concept Development

Sketch or Import a Defeature the Part Assign Materials


Part/Assembly and Loads

Confirm Performance Export Concept as


Generate Ideal Shape
(optional) Geometry to CAD
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Navigation Mouse
Left button Middle button Scroll wheel Right button

Select Trackball rotation Zoom about mouse Turntable


No modifier
pointer rotation
Shift Remove from selection Pan Pan

Ctrl Add to selection

Alt Zoom about screen center


Note: Pressing the C key allows the center of Note: Pressing the Left + Right mouse
rotation to be changed. You can then pick the button is another option for panning your
center of rotation on the model in the modeling model.
window.
Inspire offers two types of camera rotation:
Use the right mouse for turntable rotation, which is useful if your model's vertical direction is aligned with
the z-axis. This rotation style helps rotate the model about the z-axis.
Hold down the middle mouse button for trackball rotation, which is useful for tumbling your model in any
direction.
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Exercise 1: Generating Your First Design Concept

Goal:
In this exercise, you will learn how to import existing geometry and generate your first design
concept. Original Design
Inspire Results Final Design
20% mass
savings!
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Exercise 1: Generating Your First Design Concept Step 1 of 4

1. Start Inspire.
2. Click the Open icon.
3. Browse and select C:\..\Exercise_1.stmod.

2 Note: You may also click the


folder icon to open a file.

3
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Exercise 1: Generating Your First Design Concept Step 2 of 4

1. Click the Structure page. 4. Click Run.


2. Select Optimize. Note: Due to the larger minimum thickness
constraint, this run should only take a few minutes.

5. Once the optimization is complete a green


flag will appear. Clicking the green flag
3. Review the optimization imports the results.
constraints in the Run
Optimization window
and make sure the
Minimum Thickness is 6. You may also import the results by clicking
set to 0.03 m. View Now in the Run Status window.
Note: The parameters seen in 3
the Run Optimization
Window will be covered in
depth later in the training. 4
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Exercise 1: Generating Your First Design Concept Step 3 of 4

1. Use the Topology Slider in the Shape Explorer window to explore the results.
Note: If the Shape Explorer window is not visible, double-click on the
optimized region of the part and the Shape Explorer window will reopen.
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Exercise 1: Generating Your First Design Concept Step 4 of 4

1. Reposition the Topology Slider to the center mark. 4. You may also import the results by clicking
View Now in the Run Status window.

2. Select the Analyze icon in the Shape Explorer.

4. Explore the various analysis results in the


Analysis Explorer.
3. Once the Analysis is complete a green flag will
appear. Clicking the green flag imports the results.
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Chapter 2: Inspire Interface

18
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Inspire User Interface


1. Pull Down Menus include the File,
1 Edit, View and Help menus
2. Toolbar provides access to tools
for modeling, optimization, and other
basic operations
3 2
3. Model Browser shows all of the
parts, assemblies, load cases, shape
8 controls and connections in your
model in a tree structure
4. Property Editor allows you to edit
the various properties of a selected
4
object
5. Compass displays the global axes
5 of the imported model and provides
limited model navigation
6 9 6. Display Controls are used to fit
7 and rotate the model, switch
projection angles, change model
views or create cut sections
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Inspire User Interface


7. Snap Options allow you to enable
1 and disable various snapping
options
8. Modeling Window is where you
can manipulate the model using the
3 2
mouse and keyboard shortcuts
9. Unit Selector is used to change
8 the default unit system

6 9
7
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Model Handling

In this section we will review the following user interface controls:

1. Navigation Display controls


2. Measure
3. Move
4. Configure
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Navigation Display Controls


Show Holding Shift allows the user to show any models hidden. Hidden parts will be transparent when this feature is active.
Hide To hide an object, either select the object and activate the Show/Hide icon or active the Show/Hide icon and select the
object in the view

Note: Objects can also be shown or hidden by clicking the icon next to them in the Model Browser.

Additional Show/Hide options are available in the View menu or by using keyboard shortcuts:
Press the H key to hide selected objects.
Press the I key to isolate selected objects.
Press the A key to toggle between showing and hiding all objects.
Press the R key to reverse the visibility of all parts in the model.

Objects that are hidden do not appear in the modeling window, but are still included in all calculations such as analysis,
optimizations, static weight calculations, mass computations, etc.

To exclude an object from these calculations, you must deactivate it with the Configure tool.
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Navigation Display Controls


Fit Selected Adjusts the camera zoom to fit selected Store/Recall View Allows you to Store
geometry or multiple geometries in the modeling window. your current view or recall a saved view for
Adjusts the camera zoom to fit all geometries in the future use.
modeling window if no geometry is selected.
Note: When hovering the mouse over any
Note: You can also press F on the keyboard to fit the view. icon, a short description of the icons
function will be displayed after a few
seconds.
Toggle between Perspective/Orthographic Projection

Rotate to Closest Principal Axis Rotates the camera view normal to the closest global axis.

Clicking on the red, green, or blue (X,Y, or Z) axes automatically rotates the camera view
normal to the selected axis.
Clicking the circular enclosure rotates the model clockwise or counterclockwise in the
plane depending on which side of the circle you select.
Clicking the outer arrowheads rotates the model in the selected direction about the origin.
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Measure

3 1. Measure Length Measures the distance between any two points. A point is placed when
you left-click any location on the model.
4 2. Measure Box When active, creates a box that fully captures the selected parts volume with
2 dimensions.
1
3. Measure Angle Measures the angle between any three placed points on a part.
4. Measure Weight Measures the weight of any selected part(s). When active, several options
are available such as showing the CG or showing a bounding box about the assembly.
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Move

Move You can select objects either before or after you activate the Move tool, and then translate them by
clicking-and-dragging either the object or the tool itself. The table below shows which objects can be moved
directly with the Move tool.

Object Type Translates Rotates


Part
Assembly
Force
Torque
Pressure
Support
Displacement Constraint
Symmetry Planes Note: Pressing the T key activates the Move tool.
Cyclic Repetition
Draw Direction
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Chapter 3: Sketching / Solid Edit

26
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Exercise 2 Model Handling

1. Start Inspire
2. Using the File Open icon, open the Exercise_2.stmod and practice rotating, zooming, panning, fitting,
hiding, and showing.
3. Rebuild the model using translation and snaps.
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Chapter 3: Sketching / Solid Edit

28
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Sketching / Solid Edit

In this section we will review the following user interface tools:

1. Sketching Geometry

2. Push/Pull

3. Revolve

4. Mirror

5. Scale

6. Boolean operations

7. Design space
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Sketching Geometry

1
1. Create Point 1 1. Create Rectangle by Corners
3 2 2. Create Line 2. Create Rectangle by Center and Corner
2
3. Create Polyline 3 3. Create Rectangle by 3 Points

1 1. Create Circle by 2 Diametric Points


2. Create Circle by Center and Point
3 2
3. Create Circle by 3 Points

1 1 1. Create Arc Tangent to End


1. Trim
2. Create Arc by Center and Ends
2 2. Break
3 2
3. Create Arc by 3 Points
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Sketching Geometry

1. New Part Allows you to create a new part before you start sketching. Any
existing sketch curves will be imprinted onto the current part before the new
one is created. Note: While sketching, you can
apply geometric relationships
2. Transfer Sketch Allows you to retroactively move your current sketch to a such as tangency and
new part. perpendicularity to lines, arcs,
3. Convert Lines Allows you to create sketch curves from reference and circles using sketch
geometry. constraints. As you sketch,
Inspire automatically applies
4. New Plane Allows you to create a new sketch plane by selecting a new many sketch constraints for
face. you. This behavior can be
disabled using the Preferences
5. Move Plane Allows you to move the sketch plane by opening window, which can be used to
the Move tool. modify the default angle
6. Options Allows you to modify your grid and snap settings. measurements for certain
constraints.
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Push/Pull

When Active, the Push/Pull tool can be used to modify faces, curves or radii.
To use the tool, click-and-drag a selected face/curve/radius in the direction
of the desired location. Or you can manually input displacement values.
Note: The push/pull tool can be activated by manually clicking the
Push/Pull Radius Push/Pull Face icon or by double-clicking on any feature in your model.

The reference point or base of the push/pull operation can be dragged or


modified as well. For example, you may want a face modified with respect
to another feature in your model. In this example, the base was snapped to
the corner of the rectangular cutout and modified accordingly.

Note: To disable snaps while in push/pull mode, hold the alt key
during the operation.

Note: Use CTRL or Shift when dragging the face to create a new part.
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Revolve

The Revolve tool to revolve a planar face around an edge, a line, or a cylindrical hole using an axis of
revolution.
Note: Use CTRL or Shift when dragging the revolve to create a new part.
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Mirror

The Mirror tool reflects selected parts across a symmetry plane. You may keep or replace the original part, and can link the
mirrored part to the original as an instance.

Note: If you want to merge two mirrored faces that are coincident, box select them and then apply the
PolyNURBS Bridge tool.
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Scale

The Scale tool is used to resize selected parts. This tool is useful when working with an imported model that is associated
with a different default unit system. It allows you to select the objects to be scaled, position the scaling center, and define the
scaling factor.
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Boolean Operations

1 2 3
1. Combine creates the union of two objects or sets of objects by merging them with
one another, retaining all of the material in both

2. Subtract uses one object or set of objects as a tool to carve out a portion of
another object or set of objects

3. Intersect takes two objects or sets of objects and retains only those portions that
are common to both
Note: Intersect is often used to separate design and non design space regions.
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Boolean/Cut - additional

Combine - When combine is active, left-clicking any combination of parts in the assembly will combine
the selection.

Subtract - When subtract is active, the targets are defined as the objects you are wishing to modify. The
tools are defined as the modifiers to these targets. You have the option of keeping the tools in performing
this operation by selecting the Keep tools checkbox.

Intersect - Once in intersect mode, left-click one part or multiple parts as your targets, or the part(s) you
are wishing to modify. Next left-click the Tools button and select another intersecting part(s) as your tools,
or modifier(s). You have the option to keep either or both of the targets or tools when performing this
operation. With all Solid Edit tools, a preview of the operation will be shown; to proceed click the forward
arrow.

Cut - When in cut mode, the targets are defined as the parts you are performing the cut on. The plane, or
cutting plane, can be defined by selecting a face or feature based on existing geometry and
translating/rotating accordingly with the move tools in the sub-icon.
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What is Design/Non Design Space?

Note: Try to avoid applying loads/supports


directly on a design space. It is good practice to
always apply your loads and supports to non-
design spaces.

Design Space The volume the optimization process carves away


from, creating the most efficient material distribution capable of
withstanding the forces applied to model.

Non Design Space The region within the model in which material
will not be removed. This area is still included in the simulation, but not Note: In order to get an optimal solution,
modified. always try to give your model the absolute
maximum amount of design space possible.
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Demo of Sketching and Solid Edit Features


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Chapter 3: Sketching / Solid Edit

40
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools

Goal: In this exercise, you will learn how to generate a basic design concept using the Solid
Edit tools to break up and simplify a model.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 1 of 7

1. Click File>Open> C:\..\Exercise_3.stmod. 4. Right-click any contour highlighted in red and select
2. Double-click on the side face of the bracket to enter Create Curves from All Reference Lines.
push/pull mode. Double-click again on the same face to
enter sketch mode on the selected surface.
4
Note: To exit any activated mode and return to the
default browser, press the Esc key.

2 3

Note: You can change your view Normal to Grid in


the lower left Display Controls toolbar to have a
better view of the sketch plane (see image above).
3. Click Create New Part icon.
Note: If you do not see the Create New Part icon, you can select the Transfer Sketch icon in the upper left side of
the modeling window at any point in sketch mode to achieve the same results.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 2 of 7
1. Delete the curves as shown below by selecting the 2. Right-click once to exit Sketch mode and enter
curves individually or holding the left mouse button down Push/Pull mode.
and selecting multiple curves to delete with a box 3. Hold Left-click and drag the face seen below to the
selection. Once you select a curve, pressing Delete on opposite edge of the model. When the mouse hovers
the keyboard removes the selected curve.
over existing features in the model, the snap function
activates. The snap feature in Inspire will
automatically place the extruded geometry coincident
with the opposite existing edge labeled End in this
case.
Note: To ensure you are push/pulling the newly
1 created shape and not the existing geometry, it is
crucial you drag the face indicated below with the red
arrow in step 3.

Note: When capturing features with the left mouse button,


dragging from left to right creates a box that captures any
touched features with the area, dragging from right to left
creates a box that captures only enclosed features within
the box area.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 3 of 7
4. Draw rectangle on surface.
1. Delete Existing Design folder from Model Browser. Tip: Use Rectangle by Center and Corner, placing the center
2. Double-Click on Hole Imprint and Push to remove material. at the midpoint of the vertical line shown below.

3. Orient your model as shown and create a sketch on the 4. Exit sketch mode and enter Push/Pull mode. Pull
indicated plane. Double-Click on a surface to enter each end of the rectangle you just created to exceed
Push/Pull and double-click again to enter in Sketch mode, the original geometry.
Create a new part. Note: You must
push/pull each
side of the
rectangle
separately to
achieve this
shape.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 4 of 7

1. Select the Boolean icon and select Subtract.

5. Select the plane indicated below as your sketch plane


and enter sketch mode. Create a new part.

2 3 4
1. The Targets tab is active by default. Select the larger part
labeled Design Space as the Target.
2. Select the Tools tab. Select the newly created intersecting
box part as your Tools. A preview of this operation should
be shown.
3. Select the Subtract tab. Right-click to exit out of Boolean.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 5 of 7

1. Select the Circle by Center and Point icon. Create a circle 3. Select the Boolean icon and select Intersect.
centered on the existing hole whose edge is coincident with
the existing geometry radius by using the snap feature. 4. Select your Targets as larger geometry.
5. Select your Tools as new cylinder.
1 6. Check the Keep Targets box.
7. Select the Intersect icon to perform the operation.
8. Right click to exit out of Boolean.

2. Exit sketch mode and pull the new geometry completely


across the existing geometry. 7

4 5 6

Note: Rename parts easily by right-clicking on a


part in graphics area or in the model browser.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 6 of 7
Note: Forces can be
1. Right-Click on the modified part to designate it as a rotated by either
Design Space. manually dragging
them along the
indicated rotate plane
or parametrically by
selecting the rotate
plane and entering a
value.

2. Click the Structure page. 5. Select the Draw Direction icon in the Shape
3. Select the Apply Forces icon in the Loads/Supports Controls group on the toolbar and select Extrusion.
group on the toolbar.
4. Create a -Z direction 14,500 N force inside BOTH of the 6. Select the design space. Select the Y-Z Plane as the
0.025 m holes. plane in which the extrusion manufacturing constraint
5. Using the Translate/Rotate tool in the Forces mini- will be applied identical to exercise 2.
toolbar, Rotate EACH force +45 degrees in the Y-Z plane.
Note: For steps 3 and 4, ensure you orient the force
5 FIRST in the -Z direction and SECOND in the +45
4
degree orientation in the Y-Z plane.
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Exercise 3: Concept Design with Sketching and Solid Edit Tools Step 7 of 7

1. Select the Run Optimization icon. 4. Use the Topology Slider in the Shape Explorer
window to explore the results.
2. Enter 0.030 m for the Minimum Thickness.
3. Click Run. 1

3
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Chapter 4: Analysis

49
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Introduction to Analysis

Analyze
The Analyze button is used to access the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) capabilities of Inspire. The primary applications are
to:
evaluate performance of existing designs to help in target setting.
evaluate new concepts developed from the Inspire results.

What is Finite Element Analysis (FEA)?

FEA is a numerical method that allows the designer to calculate the responses of a structure to combinations of applied loads
and supports. With this information the designer can determine if the proposed design meets the design requirements.
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What Inputs are Required?

Materials
Defined by using the Parts and Materials browser, the Property Editor, or by
right-clicking on a part. Note: In addition to materials, you may also apply
concentrated masses to your assembly for Analysis

Loads
Forces, torques and pressures

Supports
Fixed, sliding and pinned connections

Load Cases
Combinations of loads and supports to represent specific operating conditions
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Introduction to Analysis

1 1. Run Analysis Launches the run submission dialog where details of the run can
be defined.

2. Element size The element size required to achieve accurate results is


2 calculated internally. This can be overridden if required. Typically this would be to
3 (a) do a convergence study by running at different element sizes (b) force a larger
element size to reduce run time.
4
5 3. Normal modes A Normal mode analysis can also be requested from the run
dialog.

4. Buckling Modes A Buckling mode analysis is used to predict when a part will
6 bend or collapse under load.
7
5. Speed/Accuracy Faster helps when testing a model to ensure that loads and
8 supports are correct. Once the results are good, More accurate is used to rerun
the analysis to achieve more precise stress and displacement results.
1
9
0
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Introduction to Analysis

1 6. Contacts - The Contacts option allows the behavior of parts that are contacting
to change.

2 7. Gravity Gravity can be added in a given direction for all load cases.
3 8. Load Cases If multiple load cases exist, active load cases for a run can be
4 selected.
5 9. Restore Recalls existing values from previous analysis runs.

10. Export Exports a .fem file of the current analysis setup.


6

7
8

1
9
0
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Introduction to Analysis

2
1. Show Analysis Results Used to show previously loaded analysis results.
1 3
2. Run History Contains a history of analysis and optimization results which
you can recall at any time.

3. Run Status - When Inspire is calculating the results, the run status dialog
will appear.

On completion, a green checkmark will show as will a green flag on the analysis
icon.

To load results you can:


Double click the run name
select the run and select view now
click the green flag
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Analysis Results Overview


1. Result Type Selector Determines the results to be displayed 1
2. Restore - After making changes to the legend parameters, this restores the legend default values
3. Result Options Menu Allows the legend color maps and the basis for the maximum legend
values to be selected
4. Global Maximum Legend Value Displays the overall maximum value in your assembly, 4 2
including hidden parts
5 3
5. Maximum Legend Value Can be directly edited to aid in results viewing, based on parts
shown in the modeling window
6. Contour Threshold Slider Hides result values below a threshold to aid result viewing 6
7. Minimum Legend Value Can be directly edited to aid in results viewing, based on parts shown
in the modeling window 7
8. Global Minimum Legend Value Displays the overall minimum value in your assembly, 8
including hidden parts
9
9. Animation Control Allows start/stop/speed/scaling of animation to be controlled
1
10. Display Control Turns entities off and on in results mode 11
0
11. Contour Control Toggles blended/discrete contours and interpolation during animation 1
12. Callouts Shows analysis results at a point of interest on the model. 2
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Analysis Results Overview


Displacement Shows how much your model displaces or deflects when loads and supports
are applied. The areas of the model that are the darkest orange have the most displacement.

Factor of Safety Shows which areas of a model are in danger of yielding due to stress. A
factor of safety of 1.0 or lower means your part may fail. By default, areas that are approaching
a minimum safety factor of 1.0 are shown in red and indicate where the part is most likely to
fail.

Percent of Yield Shows which areas of a model are in danger of yielding due to stress. It is essentially the inverse of factor of safety and
is expressed as a percentage. A percent of yield of 100% means your part may fail. By default, areas that are approaching a percent of
yield of 100% are shown in red and indicate where the part is most likely to fail.

Tension and Compression shows which areas of the model are in tension and which are in compression. These results are derived
from the von Mises stress results.

Maximum Shear Stress One of three failure criteria Inspire displays, this predicts failure in shear.

von Mises Stress One of three failure criteria Inspire displays. The von Mises failure criterion is typically used to assess the structural
performance of ductile materials. A material is said to start yielding which in many instances is considered failure - when the von Mises
stress reaches the yield stress.

Major Principal Stress - One of three failure criteria Inspire displays. The major principal stress criterion is often used to predict the failure
of brittle materials.
Note: The appendix shows the explanation of these concepts in detail.
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Analysis Results Overview

Inspire calculates results for the following responses:


Displacement how much the structure deforms
Factor of Safety ratio of calculated stress to yield stress
Percent of Yield inverse of factor of safety expressed as a percentage
Tension and Compression regions of tensile and compressive stress
Maximum Shear Stress particular stress state criteria
von Mises Stress a failure criterion for ductile materials
Major Principal Stress a failure criterion for brittle materials
Normal Modes the natural frequencies at which a structure vibrates
User output controlled:
von Mises Stress
Maximum Shear Stress
Major Principal Stresses
Displacements
Default output:
Factor of Safety
Percent of Yield
Tension and Compression
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Comparison Tool

Compare the results of multiple analysis or optimization runs. The Compare Results button is located at the bottom of
the Analysis Explorer.

For analysis:
Compare results across all runs and load cases for the selected result type.
Compare result types at a point of interest where you have placed a callout.
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Masses Create Concentrated Mass Part

4 Concentrated masses are used to represent larger assemblies in a model


2 3 without modeling actual geometry, and can be applied to:

1. a cylindrical hole
1 2. a face
3. an edge
4. a point
Mini-toolbar options:

5. Set Magnitude input any standard mass value


5 6. Add Connector connect a mass to any face or combination of faces when
active
6 7. Move Tool using the translate/rotate icon, you are able to move masses on
7
or off a part
8 8. Center of Gravity Coordinates Input specific X,Y, and Z values for the
location of the concentrated mass with respect to the global axis system
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Loads/Supports - Supports

1. Apply Supports Used to hold a part so it doesn't displace when loads are applied to it. A support can be applied
at a single point on the model, to an edge, a face, or at the center of a hole. You can apply any number of supports
to a model.
1 Note: Supports can also be applied at a distance. This will be discussed in advanced topics.

Face Support Edge Support

Hole Support Point Support


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Loads/Supports - Supports

1. Apply Supports You can edit individual supports to allow translation in one or more directions.

Translation locked in all Note: Freeing translation in 3


1 directions directions is equivalent to
having no support at all.

Free in 1 direction

Free in 2 directions

Free in 3 directions
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Loads/Supports - Loads

3 4

2. Apply Pressures Applies a distributed force that acts perpendicular to every point along the face. Pressures typically
arise from gases or liquids pressing on a face, and can act in either the inward or outward direction on a solid.
3. Apply Torques Applies a torque, or a twisting force. Torques can be applied either to a face or to the center of a hole,
in which case it acts on the interior face of the hole.
Note: Torques and Forces can also be applied at a distance. This will be discussed in advanced topics.

4. Apply Forces Applies a force, push, or a pull in a particular direction on the model. Forces can be concentrated at a
single point or distributed evenly across an edge or a face. A force can also be applied at the center of a hole, in which
case it is applied as a distributed force on the hole's inner face.
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Load Cases

Load Case a set of loads and displacements that act on a model at one time. A model can experience different load cases
at different times; for example, consider a building that is subjected to gusts of wind. At one moment the wind pressure on the
side of a building may come from the east, and the next moment it may change and come from the west. If you want to create
a building that will resist wind blowing from either east or west, you would create two different load cases: the first containing a
pressure from the east direction, and the second with a pressure from the west direction. This allows you to generate one
shape that is optimized to handle any number of different load cases.
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Load Cases

Load cases can be managed in two different ways:

Model Brower Method:


List Load Case Method:

Note: The name of your load case can be edited


at any time by double clicking on the default
name provided.
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Materials Parts and Materials

Parts You have the option to change the material of


any part in an assembly by simply clicking on the default
material and choosing a new material from the drop-
down menu. Any material created will be included in this
drop-down selection.

Material Library Inspire has a built-in material


database with some basic materials. Any material
created will be included in this material library.

My Materials Create your own material by selecting


the plus icon. Clicking on the default values for the
Elastic Modulus or Youngs Modulus (E), Poissons Ratio
(Nu), Density, and Yield Stress enables the user to input
their own values. Double-clicking the Materials name
Note: You may also apply a material to any part in an enables you to edit the name as well.
assembly by right-clicking the part in the assembly and
choosing a material in the material tab at the top of the
menu.
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Fasteners

Fasteners are used to connect parts together using bolts and screws.

To create the fasteners, click the Fastener icon.

Inspire will automatically find the holes within a default size range calculated based on the geometry.

The fastener type is selected from the guide bar or


auto can be used to automatically create the
fasteners based on the hole type.

Fasteners can be created individually by


selecting the hole or all at once by using the
Fasten All selection in the guide bar.
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Joints

Joints are used to connect parts together using pins or sliding pins.

To create the joints, click the Joints icon:

Inspire will automatically find the holes within a default size range calculated based on the geometry.

The joint type is selected from the guide bar or


auto can be used to automatically create the
joints based on the hole type.

The joints can be created individually by selecting


the hole or all at once by using the Fasten All
selection in the guide bar.
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Contacts

The Contacts tool finds neighboring parts and designates whether they should be bonded, contacting, or have no contact.

To create contacts click the Contacts icon:

The Contacts Tool shows the areas in contact. Bonded contacts are in red, areas
where parts are contacting are shown in green. The contacts can be automatically
assigned or selected in the guide bar.

All contacts can be redefined by selecting Redefine All, or


individual contacts can be selected to change the contact
type.

An Auto Search Distance can be entered when finding contacts. This is the distance at which parts will be considered in
contact, which by default is set automatically. Deselect Auto Search Distance and enter a value in the text field to change the
search tolerance.
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Chapter 3: Sketching / Solid Edit

69
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis


Goal: In this exercise, we will look at the process of running a baseline analysis while
exploring the various analysis options available.
Load Case 2
Load Case 1 Fs - 45 angled = 2435 N
Fs vertical = 810 N
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis Step 1 of 5


1. Click File>Open> Model_Location/Exercise_5.x_t.
2. Apply an 810N Force in the +Y direction on each upper pivot boss.

3. Apply an 2435N Force on each upper pivot boss, and rotate -45 degrees off the positive Y-Axis.
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis Step 2 of 5

1. Select the Fasteners icon. On the guide bar, left click the drop-down menu
which says Aligned Holes and select Single Holes. Left click the two holes
at the bottom of the fork to add a nut and bolt fastener to each.

2. Select the Joints icon. Left click on the two holes of the rocker which have no
forces acting on them to add pin connections.

3. Select the Contacts icon. Left click on the red surfaces near the pins where
the rocker meets the seat tube and the fork. Select Contacting to redefine
the contact types.
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis - Step 3 of 5

1. Select the Supports icon. Apply supports to the two nut and bolt connections on the fork. Apply another support to the
one cylindrical hole through the seat tube. Apply one final support to the surface at the end of the seat tube.

2. Right-click Load Case 1 and select New>Load Case.


3. Organize the Loads and Supports into the respective load cases.

Tip: Right-Click each individual Force/Support in the model browser to Include/Exclude it from particular Load Case.

The supports should go in both load cases and the 45 degree loads should go in Load Case 2.
4. Assign Titanium (Ti-17) to the two pins, and Aluminum (7075) to all other parts.
Tip: Right-click on each part to assign materials
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis Step 4 of 5


1. Select the Run Analysis icon. 4. Import the results by either clicking the green flag or
2. Set the element size to 0.003 m. by selecting View Now in the run status window.
3. Select Run.

3
Note: Its a best practice to run a pre-run
checklist:
Materials assigned
Model correctly supported
Realistic loadings
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Exercise 4: Running a Baseline Analysis Step 5 of 5


Note: Hiding parts in your assembly
Explore the analysis results of both load cases by: will affect the result type values. The
global maximum and minimum legend
Isolating the rocker component.
values will be unaffected.
Toggling through the different result types
Zooming in on analysis results by editing the max and min legend values
Exploring the animation shapes Note: The stress values shown below are with the other parts in
Masking analysis values and geometry options the assembly hidden.
Note the Maximum von Mises Stress values for each load case. These will be our baseline analysis values:
Load Case 1 (vertical load) Load Case 2 ( -45 angled load)
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Chapter 5: Shape Controls


and Optimization

76
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Simplify

Imprints Used to find and remove imprints such as scratches and trimmed points. When active, the number of
imprints found in your assembly is displayed above the icon. You can use the arrow keys to scroll through the imprints
found in detail. To reset the search, press the back icon. To remove all found imprints, press the remove icon.

Rounds Finds and removes any rounds (concave) or fillets (convex) in your assembly. While the arrow, reset, find
and remove icons are similar to the other Simplify/Patch icons, Simplify has a Find Options menu (left icon) where you
can find all that are larger, smaller, or similar (+ or - 5%) in size. You can also filter your results to find rounds only,
fillets only, or all.
Note: It is recommended to remove small fillets first,
then larger fillets, then rounds.
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Simplify

Holes Used to find and remove holes and pockets. It will also find raised areas, such as lettering. The
operations are similar to the Rounds tool in that you can find smaller, larger or similar holes with the Find
Options menu.

Plug Finds holes and pockets in your assembly and plugs them by filling the area with a new part. The Plug
feature operates identically to the Holes feature except the Plug tool creates a new part to fill the hole or
pocket, while the Holes tool absorbs it into the surrounding part.
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Patch

Patch Used to fill in missing surfaces in order to create a solid. It also allows you to remove and remake bad
or problematic surfaces. Click on a selected red edge to attempt a patch. If the patch is successful, the new
patched surface is shown in red.

Note: To change the continuity of the patch where it meets an


adjacent surface, click on the edge. The continuity will toggle
between linear and tangent with successive clicks.

Note: A model with an open surface will appear as a zero


mass part in the Model Browser. Such parts will need to be
patched in order to be analyzed or optimized.
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Shape Controls

2
1. Draw Direction Applied when you intend to manufacture the model in a specific type of way.
Draw directions can be applied to any plane, global or translated/rotated. Only one draw direction
1 can be applied to a design space, and four types of draw directions are available: single draw,
split draw, stamping, and extrusion.

2. Symmetry You can generate symmetric shapes, even under asymmetric conditions, by defining
symmetry planes in the design space. You don't always get a perfectly symmetric shape, but you
do get a result that is very nearly symmetric.
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Shape Controls - Draw Direction

Single Draw Used when the parting plane between the halves of the mold lies outside the design space.
Only one half of the mold is pulled away from the design space in the direction of the arrows leaving a
shape without any negative draft angles in the specified direction.

Split Draw Used when the parting plane between the halves of the mold lies inside the design space.
Both halves of the mold are pulled away from the design space in two different directions. When defining a
split draw direction on a design space, the optimizer determines the best location of the parting plane
along the draw direction.

Extrusion - Similar to a single draw, but the profile of the resulting shape maintains a constant cross-
section along the draw direction. The No Hole option is not available with extrusion. You cannot use the
Extrusion draw direction with any symmetry constraint.
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Shape Controls - Symmetry

Symmetric You can apply up to three symmetry planes to a design space. The planes are
always orthogonal to one another, and can be rotated as a group in any orientation relative to the
design space.
Note: Symmetry planes are valid for optimization but not analysis.

Cyclic Cyclic repetition with asymmetric sectors. The red shaded area is a single sector.

Cyclic Symmetric Cyclic repetition with symmetry creates self-symmetric sectors that are
symmetric about the red radial planes. The red shaded area is a single sector
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Why Shape Controls?

Note: Without shape


No Shape Controls controls Inspire may want
to create hollow, non
Split Draw
manufacturable
structures.

Single Draw Extrusion


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Why Shape Controls?


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Displacement Constraints

Apply Displacement Constraints When active, can be applied to a model to limit deflections in desired
locations and directions. These constraints should only be applied to non-design spaces, and while they can
be used as the sole constraint for an optimization, we recommend using them alongside a stress constraint.
You can choose to limit displacement in one direction or in all directions, as shown in the images below. A
displacement constraint in one direction can have an upper bound, a lower bound, or both.

Constraint in One Direction Constraint in All Directions


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Enforced Displacement

Apply Enforced Displacements- Applied when you don't know the magnitude of a force applied to a part,
but you do know how much the part displaces as a result of that force
Enforced displacements essentially act as a force, and can be applied to a point, edge, or face. When applied
to a hole, they are applied to the hole center rather than the face. They are represented as blue arrows and
can be included in one or more load cases.
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Optimize

1. Name of Run Enables the user to uniquely name each optimization run.
1
2. Optimization Objective Can be toggled to either Maximize Stiffness or Minimize
2 Mass. Maximize Stiffness produces a result that will resist deflection, essentially giving
you load paths for a particular analysis. On the other hand, Minimize Mass produces
3 the lightest resulting shape.

3. Mass Targets When the Optimization Objective is set to maximize stiffness, mass
targets are used to specify the amount of material to keep. This target can be defined
either as a percentage of the total volume of the design space, or as the total mass of
4
the entire model. If you have more than one design space, you can set targets for each
design space individually. When the Optimization Objective is set to minimize mass, a
global stress constraint can be set.
5 4. Frequency Constraints Allows the user to control the frequency at which an
optimized part vibrates. You may choose to either maximize frequencies or set a
6 specific minimum frequency.
7
8 5. Thickness Constraints You can control wall thicknesses and the diameters of
9 beam-like members in a shape by specifying a minimum and/or maximum thickness.
1
The default maximum thickness is 2 times the value entered for minimum thickness.
0 11 This value directly correlates to run times.
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Optimize

1 6. Speed/Accuracy The option is set to Faster by default. In the vast majority


of cases, this setting is sufficient to obtain good conceptual designs. The More
2 Accurate setting is really only necessary when a great degree of accuracy is
required for frequency constraints. Selecting More Accurate will significantly
increase total run time.
3
7. Contacts - Allows you to change the behavior of parts that are contacting. This
option is set to Sliding only by default. Changing it to Sliding with separation
will produce more accurate results, but will also significantly increase total run
time.
4
8. Gravity If the weight of a structure is a significant portion of the load it is
bearing, then you should include gravity when running an analysis or
optimization.
5 9. Load Cases Allows you to toggle which load cases you would like to run an
optimization for.
6 10. Restore Restores the default values of any previous optimization you ran
7 during your saved session.
8
11. Export Allows you to export your optimization as a .fem file for further
1 9 analysis.
0 11
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Optimize Topology Slider

Use the Topology slider on the Shape Explorer to analyze the quality of your results. If the topology of your shape
doesnt change much when you move the slider, this means youve arrived at a good solution and may even be
able to make your design targets a bit more aggressive. If the topology changes significantly when you move the
slider, you should consider relaxing your design targets and re-running optimization until the topology remains
consistent when the slider is moved.

The topology slider serves different functions depending on if you are running a Maximize Stiffness or a Minimize
Mass optimization:

Maximize Stiffness When your optimization objective is to maximize stiffness, the optimal shape is generally found near the
center of the slider marked by the star. Increasing or decreasing your mass target can have a significant effect on the point on the
slider at which all structures are connected.

Note: Typically a good starting point for maximize stiffness is


with a 30% mass target.

Minimize Mass When your optimization objective is to minimize mass, the optimal shape is often found to the far right of the
slider. Once all structures are connected, you have an optimal design that is sized according to your stress constraint.
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Optimize Topology Slider


Maximize Stiffness
Bad Design Good Design

Solution: Since regions are shown that have structure beginning All structures are complete while the topology slider is
to form while the topology slide is near the middle, Inspire needs near the middle. When moving the topology slider to the
more design space to work with to complete the particular load right only thickens the created structures, you know you
path. Increasing the Mass Target by 5-10% should resolve have arrived at a good solution.
this issue.
Minimize Mass
Good Design With Minimize Mass, a good design is one in which all
structures are connected, regardless of what position the
topology slider is in.
Note: It is typically good practice to begin the
design process with a maximize stiffness run.
Then, once you have well defined loads, run a
minimize mass optimization to compare results.
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Comparison Tool

Compare the results of multiple analysis or optimization runs. The Compare Results button is located at the bottom of
the Shape Explorer.

For optimization:
Compare across runs only
The width of the color bands indicate the magnitude of the result
Additional columns can be added to show any of the parameters from the Run Optimization window
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Chapter 3: Sketching / Solid Edit

92
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow


Goal: In this exercise, you will learn how to de-feature an existing design with the
Simplify/Patch tools. This essentially allows the design space volume to be maximized and the
most optimal material distribution to be found.
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow Step 1 of 5


1. Use the existing model from Exercise 4, or else Click 3. Exit the Simplify tool.
File>Open> C:\..\Exercise_5.stmod.
2. Select the Simplify icon in the Geometry ribbon and 3. Right-click on the larger geometry named Rocker
select the Holes function. 25 holes should be identified. and assign it as the Design Space.
Left click on the 6 holes indicated below to remove
them.

2
1

4
5 6
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow Step 2 of 5


For the first concept, we will run a Maximize Stiffness run with 4. Under Objective, select Maximize Stiffness and
an Extrusion shape control: leave the default Mass Target at 30%.
1. Select the Draw Direction icon in the Shape Controls 5. Set the Minimum Thickness at 0.008 m.
group in the Structure ribbon and select Extrusion.
2. Apply an Extrusion constraint along the X-Y plane.
4

2. Select the Run Optimization icon. 3


6. Select Run.
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow Step 3 of 5


1. Explore the Maximize Stiffness results with an Extrusion 2. Exit the results explorer by either selecting the
Rocker radio icon in the Model Browser or by
shape control.
selecting the Switch to Design Spaces tab in the
Shape Explorer.

3. Double click the X-Y plane used for the Extrusion and
select Split Draw.

Next we will explore the difference in the results when we apply


a Split Draw shape control and change our objective to
Minimize Mass.
3. Select the Run Optimization icon
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow Step 4 of 5


5. Under Objective, select Minimize Mass and leave the default
Minimum Safety Factor at 1.2.
6. Keep the Minimum Thickness at 0.008 m.
7. Select Run.

7
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Exercise 5: Simplification Tools for Redesign Workflow Step 5 of 5


8. Import and explore the Minimize Mass results with a Split Draw shape control.
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Chapter 6: Re-Analysis

99
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Fit/Analyze

Once a concept has been generated, the user has the ability to do the following with the results:
Export results as an STL Saving your result as an STL gives the user a raw, unsmoothed result file that can then be
viewed in typical CAD software. To save the result as an STL, simply click File>Save As> and select the STL file type
Fit Surfaces Over the Optimized Shape Fits a smooth surface over the generated shape. The resulting surface model can
then be exported to most CAD systems. To perform this operation, the user can either select the Fit icon in the shape
explorer or right click the optimized shape and select Fit Surfaces to Optimized Shapes.

Note: The fit operation can only be


applied to parts that were optimized
and saved in Inspire version 2014 or
later. View the Inspire help menu
regarding tips for troubleshooting this
feature.

Analyze the Optimized Shape Performs an analysis on the generated shape. The results will allow you to quickly gain
insight into the performance of the optimized shape. To perform this operation, the user can select the Analyze icon in the
shape explorer.
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Results Overview - Displacement

Displacement results are created for both linear static and normal mode analyses. It is
important to check displacements for general analysis and also when understanding baseline
design pre concept generation with Inspire.
For static analysis it is important to check the following for each load case being considered:
Correct Order of Magnitude: Are the displacements of the correct size? If a component
100 mm long has a displacement of 1000 mm this will indicate incorrect load magnitudes or
inappropriate supports. It can also indicate incorrect material properties.
Shape of Deformation: By animating the model for each load it is possible to ensure the
structure is deflecting in a logical way. Unusual behaviour is usually found to be the result
of incorrectly applied loads and/or supports.
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Results Overview - Factor of Safety

The Factor of Safety is calculated by looking at the stress in each part and comparing it with the
yield stress (as defined in the material properties) for that part.
Factor of safety = yield stress / calculated stress
F.S. < 1.0 (or near 1.0) will show as RED indicating likely regions of failure.
The larger the F.S. the less likely a part is to fail.
An accurate F.S. depends on accurate loadings and accurate material and analysis models.
There is no definitive factor of safety that is suitable for all applications.
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Results Overview - Percent of Yield

Percent of yield is essentially the inverse of Factor of Safety expressed as a percentage.


Percent of yield = (calculated stress / yield stress) x 100
The yield is obtained from the material properties.
% Yield > 100% (or near 100%) will show as RED indicating likely regions of failure.
The lower the % Yield the less likely a part is to fail.
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Results Overview - Tension and Compression

Tension and Compression shows the user which areas of the model are in tension, and which areas
are in compression. These results are derived from the von Mises Stress results.
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Results Overview - Maximum Shear Stress

Maximum Shear Stress shows the user failure in shear


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Results Overview - von Mises Stress

The von Mises failure criterion is typically used to assess the structural performance of ductile
materials.

A material is said to start yielding which in many instances is considered failure when the von
Mises stress reaches the yield stress.

The equation can be represented in the 2D case by the ellipse shown below.
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Results Overview - Major Principal Stress

The Major Principal Stress also known as the normal stress, Coulomb, or Rankine criterion is
often used to predict the failure of brittle materials.

The Major Principal Stress states that failure occurs when the maximum (normal) principal stress
reaches either the uniaxial tension strength st, or the uniaxial compression strength sc,

Compared with the von Mises criterion, the Major Principal Stress criterion can be seen as a non
conservative approach if applied to ductile materials.
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Results Overview - Normal Modes

For modal analysis it is important to check the if the natural frequencies are reasonable. The natural
frequencies for each normal mode is displayed under result type.

For a free vibration analysis (no supports) all parts of the model will be in motion and coherent no
parts will move independently of other parts.

If supports are used then those areas should move as per their constraints (fixed, slide, etc.)
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Callouts

Callouts show analysis results at a point of interest on the model. Callouts are created using the icon in the Analysis Explorer.

Callout Tools:
Create, Show, and Hide Callouts - Click the icon, then select a point of interest on your model to create a callout.
Click the icon again to toggle callouts off and on.
List Callouts - Click the icon to display a table showing all of the callouts that have been created, with values for
several result types. Each callout is specific to the selected run and load case.

Min/Max Callouts - Click the icon to automatically create a callout showing where the maximum value occurs for the
selected result type. When factor of safety is selected, the minimum is shown.
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Chapter 7: PolyNURBS

110
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Introduction to PolyNURBS

PolyNURBS allow you to quickly create free-form solid geometry that is smooth and continuous.

Clicking the PolyNURBS icon opens a secondary ribbon with several tools:
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Why PolyNURBS?
PolyNURBS is a new modeling method that allows you to trace over optimized results with precision, ease, and efficiency

STL geometry is represented as triangulated polymeshes, which are great for concept design and 3D printing, but not directly
compatible with subsequent CAD tools or manufacturing. NURBS are preferred in these use cases because they more
accurately and efficiently represent curved geometry.

This new modeling method allows you to easily trace over optimized results to create a smoother, watertight NURBS version
of the STL geometry. The resulting model can be exported to other CAD systems and is readily usable for manufacturing.
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PolyNURBS Tools

Add/Edit PolyNURBS - The main PolyNURBS tool and can be accessed from the Geometry tab on the ribbon. It allows you
to edit the shape of a PolyNURBS object either directly or by using graphical manipulators.

Create - Create a single PolyNURBS cage, either around a selected object or as the starting point for a new
model. This is the tool you should start with if you want to build PolyNURBS geometry without wrapping.

Wrap - Quickly generates PolyNURBS geometry by clicking along your existing shape. You can
create multiple cages, and bridge the face of one cage to another.

+/- - Adds a block to the face of an existing PolyNURBS cage. You can also hold down the Shift key
to remove blocks. This allows you to quickly build the basic shape of a PolyNURBS object.

Loop - Draws an edge loop around a cage, subdividing the PolyNURBS object. Creating subdivisions
gives you more control when editing the cage.
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PolyNURBS Tools

Bridge - Creates a bridge or a tunnel between two faces. The faces can belong to either the same cage or different cages.

Bridge - Use the Bridge tool to create a bridge or a tunnel between two faces. The faces can belong
to either the same cage or different cages.

Sharpen - Controls sharpness along the edges of a PolyNURBS.


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Demonstration
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS

Goal: In this exercise, you will learn how to use PolyNURBS to create geometry for export
from optimized part geometry.
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 1 of 6

1. Open Exercise_7_start.stmod. The model contains a The optimized geometry should appear as below.
design space with a constrained end and a 1,000N force
on the opposite end.
2. Run the optimization to Maximize Stiffness for a 30%
Mass target.
3. When finished activate the Shape Explorer and move the
slider as shown in the image.

4. Click the Analyze button to analyze the optimized


shape.

5. Import the results by either clicking the green flag or


by selecting View Now in the Run Status window.

Note: Moving the topology slider to this


position ensures all structures are connected 6. Select the Displacement results and play the
to avoid any errors in the analysis process. animation.
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 2 of 6

1. Activate the PolyNURBS tool. 4. Click approximately in the area shown below to set
the end face.
2. In the secondary menu activate the Wrap tool.

1. Click on the part as shown in the image to set the first end of
the PolyNURB entity.

4. Press Escape to complete the cage.

5. Import the results by either clicking the green flag or


by selecting View Now in the Run Status window.

Note: The goal is to create as many faces as 6. Repeat the process to create the wraps as
needed to approximately follow the geometry necessary. The resulting geometry is shown in the
from the optimization. next page.
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 3 of 6


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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 4 of 6

1. In the secondary menu activate the Bridge tool. The results appear as shown below

2. Select a face to start the bridge.

4. Select the face on the bottom of the new bridge and


the top of the cage under it to get the result shown:

3. Select a second face opposite the first to complete the


bridge
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 5 of 6

1. Create a bridge on the top of the model as shown: 4. Activate the Bridge tool.

5. Create a bridge using the faces that have been


created from the split and the corresponding segment
from the Wrap tool to create the result shown.

1. Two segments need to connect o the new bridge. Activate


the Loop tool to split the bridge.
2. Click on the mid point of the bridge to split it.
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Exercise #7: PolyNURBS Step 6 of 6

1. With no tool selected in the secondary toolbar, click the top 3. Use the same process to change the lower end.
face near the non-design space.
4. Use the drag process to drag the faces and the edges
to reshape the opposite end as shown.

1. Drag the face until it contacts the non-design space.


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Chapter 8: Shells & Midsurfaces

123

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