April 10, 17

Oil and Gas:

Enhancing Recovery
Plasmonic Pervaporation
Refinery Industry makes $500 billion annually
Current Separation Method is Distillation
Plasmonic Pervaporation
o More energy efficient
o Light is absorbd by gold nanoparticles
o Membrane heats up
o Separation occurs across membranes
Distillation is only competition
o Plasmonic needs to be introduces as supplement or replace
Still being designed
o Ultimate goal is to cost the same as regular distillation column
o Not heating entire system, but just small parts that are currently being
separated

Carbon Nanoparticles
Have net negative charge so they attract oil
Increase recovery up to 96%
o 2-3 times more efficient then fracking
In 2015 valued at $97.6 Million
Still being developed
Competitions recovery is about 60-80 percent
Doesnt know cost

Reduce Energy Losses

Nano Composite Insulation
Approximately 50% of imput heat is lost to atmosphere
Reducing heat losses will generate hundreds of millions in profits
Hydro-NM-Oxide mixed with acrylic resin
o Paint like application
o Doesnt require a foot of insulation
o Only $0.56 per square foot covered
o Not limited to industrial setting
o Not harmful to breath in (probably)
o Testing was able to reduce heat loss by about 33%
Competition
o Fiberglass, plastic fiber, polyurethane foam
Thikness of up to 12 inches
Health concerns
o Nanocomposite
 Thickness of less than 1 inch
Low volatile organic components

Hydro-NM-Oxide
Can be solved through better insulation
Energy is a major production cost in this industry
Hydro-NM-Oxide
o Reduce heat production energy costs by 20% or more
o Applied like paint
o Helps prevent corrosion
o Little more lifetime then current technologies, about 25 years instead
of 20 years
Other types of insulation can cause more corrosion

Resbots in Oil Extraction

Reservoirs Robots (Resbots)
These nanobots a sent into the oil and temperature, compesition, etc. can be
recorded
Nanoparticle additives
o Can help reduce viscosity and increase oil recovery
o Using Resbots we can do both at once instead of using two different
products

Improve Fracking Fluid

Silica Nanoparticles
Fracking fluids
o Expensive
o Weaken Wellbore
o React with shale
Silica
o Stable
o Not reactive
o Cost about $63 per ton
o Effective
Competition: Ceramic and Coated Proppants
o Expensive, $350 per ton
o Higher efficiency
o Increased Chemicals

OxBalls and OxFrac

Improve Fracking
o Fracking involves injecting liquid to extract oil or gas, and then is
filled typically with sand to prevent weakening of ground
Nanotechnology: OxBalls and OxFrac
 o Utalizes ceramic materials to create perfectly spherical, identically
sized granules
o Allows deeper penetration of well due to reduced friction and
homogeneous composition
Why Better?
o Tested in 12 wells
Increased wells by 18-33%
o Relatively cheap
Costs about the same or maybe a little more
o Can be produced up to 80 million pounds per year

Nanoparticles
Problem
o Propping Agent commonly used for fracking are limited
o Typical proppant solids are fairly large
Solution: Nano wires, plates, and spheres
o This technology widens fracture more efficiently, without fluid loss
(uses less water)
o Works because the nanoparticles move to fill the nano-fractures more
efficiently
Competition
o Resin Coated sand, silica, or man-made ceramic materials
Have larger surface areas
106 micrometers compared to 4.21 nanometers
o Less efficient because of size and having to use more water

Viscoelastic Surfactant Gelled Fluids

Solution
o Nanotechnology application to maintain viscosity at high
temperatures
o Viscoelastic surfactant gel fluids (VES)
Friction reducers
Use surfactants in combination with inorganics to
SOMETHING
Competition
o Leaves residue on filter cake
o Plugs pore throats
o Cost of treatment more expensive

Fouling
Silver Nanoparticles
Biofouling is the undesired buildup of organic material on a surface
Use silver nanoparticles as a filler in silicon foul-release coatings with
polydimethylsiloxane
Competition
 o Degrades over time and has to be reapplied
Silver nanoparticles only need be applied once

Nanowater Paints
Nano water paints
o Water and a binding nanomaterial
Typically titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and silver
Competition
o Biological exclusion
Nitrogen reducing bacteria
o Replacement of biocides

Diamond-like Carbon Coating

Control pH of liquid flowing through system
Add corrosion inhibitor
Mechanical process better than chemical one, because harder to control
chemical output
Modified Diamond-like carbon coating
o Dont know what it does

Pharmaceuticals:
Silica Based nanoshells
1 in 23 people will be affected by colon cancer
As age increases so does chances of getting it
1/3 of all diagnosed patients will die within first 5 years
Can be cured if detected in early stages
Silica based nanoshells
o About 200 nm in size
o Light is shined and the silica nanoshells react and kill the cancer cells

Immunotherapy: PD-1 Inhibitors

Benefits
o Reduce adverse effects by limiting damage to healthy tissues
o Works with immune system instead of attacking it
o Can work on multiple types of cancer
Drawbacks
o Currently costly
Up to one million dollars per year of treatment
$27.70 per mg of drug

Increasing Drug Yield

Metallic Nanoparticles
Estimated 70% industry average yield
Catalysts increase theoretical yield but need to be separated
Metallic nano-catalyst
 o Easy removed
o Reuse of expensive catalysts
o Can be tunable
Competition
o Currently optimizing filtration techniques
o No direct catalyst recycle
o Increases batch processing time by creating smaller filtration areas
o Filters can cost a lot

Magnetic Iron (II,III) Oxide Nanoparticles

Problem
o Improve recovery techniques
Solution
o Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
Can double yield in fraction of the time
Easily removed by magnetic decantation
o Easy to produce
About 5% higher yield and cheaper than next best option
Can take up to 80 hours to produce other solutions
o Highly reactive, can be used multiple times

Enhancing Enzymes with Nanoparticles

Enzyme production will double by 2024
Have limitations
o They are proteins so they are very temperature reliant
o Have to use catalysts that eventually have to be removed from the
final product
Solution
o Enzyme Immobilization
More stability
More reliable biocatalyst
o Use nanoparticles to immobilize the enzymes onto
Silicon dioxide
Cheap: around $1.40 per gram
Zirconium dioxide itself is catalytic
Magnetic nanoparticles are easily separated
Benefits
o Just using enzymes wont last as long
Including nanoparticles increases life by 5-20 times

Quantum Dots
Group II, III, IV, and V metals
Coated with biocells specifically to target cancer cells
Competition
 o Dyes
Dont last very long
Can migrate to other tissues as well
60% of people will undergo surgery as part of their treatment

Conjugated Polymer Dots

Functional Moieties can be added to surface to target particular types of cells
Emit light depending on exact composition
Extremely bright fluorescence and great photo stability
Bunch of other interesting things I missed before my first fact
Competition
o Not as good

Cancer Therapies
Gold Nanoparticles
Bunch of stuff I already know

Metallic Nanoparticles
Bunch of stuff I missed

Dendritic Molecule
Can make them sensitive to certain properties
Controls degradation and drug release
Stabilizes conjugates
Targets
o Carry device to designated biomarker
Competition
o Does stuff?

Protein Nanoparticles
Drug carried directly to tumor
Protein carries drug on one end, other end has lysine or argentine
Cell metabolizes the drug and then is destroyed on the inside
Very high cost
Overall it should reduce costs for patient

Water:
Heavy Metal
Graphene-Based Nanobots
Competition
o Produces sludge
o Cannot handle lots of metals at once, which can then lead to fouling
Nanobots
o Can analyze water quality and detects heavy metals
 o Easily removed from water using magnets and heavy metals are
removed from nanobots, and then are able to be reused

Magnetic nanoparticles
Other technologies produce sludge with also has to be dealt with

Silver nanoparticles
Effectively remove heavy metals, but also kill bacteria
Easily produced
Already tested and in production
Relatively inexpensive
783 million people dont have access to clean water
Only requires 25-50ppb of silver nanoparticles to effectively decontaminate
Costs only about $2 per year per person to have clean water
The competition doesnt work as well, or are very expensive

Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles

Problem
o Heavy metals cause lots of issues
Not just for drinking but also agriculture
o Due to increasing industrialization
Nanoparticles
o Coated with humic acid
o Prevents oxidation of nanoparticles and improves stability
o Cost initially was $70 per kg, but now $4 per kg
o Removes heavy metals in around 15 minutes as opposed to
competition at 180 minutes

Wastewater to Drinking Water

Multiwalled Nanotubes
Problem
o Water scarcity
Water water from homes and business
o Filtration Reverse Osmosis Other steps
Solution
o Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Larger surface area
Stuff I missed
Target Market
o Whole world
Currently being used in California and parts of Africa, but not
using Nanotubes
Competition
Graphene Oxide Membranes
Solution
o Pores .7-2.0 nm
o Oxygen function groups
o Hydrophilic: weaken adhesion of foulants
o 80% fouling reduction
Missed a bunch of stuff

Charged Carbon Nanotubes

Problem
o Stuff
Solution
o Charged carbon nanotubes
o Fluid flows 10000-100000 times faster
o Saves 17000 dollars per day
o Filter easily?
Competition

Water treatment in Developing Countries

Carbon Nanotube Membranes
Issue
o 783 million Lack clean water access
o 37 extremely water-scarce countries
Solution
o Carbon Nanotube membranes
o Chemistry
Hexagonal tubes of rolled graphene
Pores < 5nm
Frictionless, weakly something
Competition
o Reverse osmosis consume 4x more energy
o Cost up to 20 cents more per something
o Two other things

Graphene Oxide Membranes

Same issue
Solution
o Graphene-oxide (GO) membranes
o Bonded together in hexagonal patter
o One of the strongest materials in the world
o The surface carries a naturally negative charge which repels dirt and
other particles
Competition
o Reverse osmosis
 High in cost
High energy cost
o Ours
Lower energy cost
Cheaper beginning material cost: $1.50-2.00

Nanofibers
Problem
o Same as before
Solution
o Nanofibers for water filtration
o Typical flow rates at 1 psi:
240 mL compared to 30 mL (didnt state per unit of time)
o Electro spun
This creates the fiber
Competition
o More expensive relatively
o Requires more pressure which in turn needs more energy

Sensing and Detecting Contaminants

Raman Spectroscopy with Silver Nanoparticles
Problem
o .08% of water on earth is clean water
Solution
o Silver Nanoparticles
Increase detection of organic molecules by 50%
60 cents per gram
Competition
o Didnt really pay attention here

Gold Nanoparticles (primarily for mercury detection)

Problem
o Human eye cant spot contaminated water
Solution
o Gold Nanoparticles
Commercial strip of glass covered with a film of hairy gold
nanoparticles
Mercury gets between two hairs and closes up trapping
pollutant
Hair length determines what element is attracted
Longer hairs needed for mercury detection
(about 4.5nm)
Competition
 o Expensive
Costs $80000-250000 compared to $1-10
o Other Stuff

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensors

Problem
o Body fragile to heavy metals, cyanide, and even sulfites
Solution
o Colorimetric Sensor
Based on visible light absorption and reflection
o Gold NPs covered in amino acids are placed in solution and then turn
a specific color
o You then add in the sample and the color changes
These color changes tell you which contaminant is in your
water
Competition
o Didnt catch this

Personal Care:
Reduce UV Light Exposure
Lipid Nanoparticles in Sunscreen
Solution
o Reflect and scatter UV rays
Competition
o Transparent, because they are still nanoparticles
o Much smaller so they dont block as much UVA and UVB rays
o They are also found to be group 2B carcinogens (TiO2)

Problem
o UV light exposure causing skin damage
o Cancer
Solution
o Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide sunscreens
o Didnt really understand what she was saying
Market
o Still in development
o Some seemingly useless info
Competition
o Can cause issues to hormones
o Cause Allergies
o State that the nanoparticle competition solution is toxic
The nanoparticle claim to have unknown toxicity

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

 Problem
o Something about UVB being worse, but thats untrue
Competition
o Full size blockers TiO2 and ZnO leave thick white film on skin
o TiO2 nanoparticles do something I didnt catch
Solution
o Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Less Whitening
Effective immediately
Didnt catch the other stuff
Improve the look and feel of products
Gold and Silver Nanopigments
Supposed to improve longevity and minimize color bleed
Problem
o Must balance color availability with safety
Solution
o Silver and Gold Nanopigments
Silver
Yellow
Gold
Red and blue
Can create entire spectrum with combination
o Safe for skin use
Medicinal and biological uses
Lipstick and Nail Polish
Can market the nail polish as both antifungal and as
color enhancer
Competition Comparison
o Titanium Dioxide/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Potential health risks

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to improve feel of sunscreen

(Didnt talk about what title said it would)
Problem
o Sunscreen is thick and sticky
Solution
o Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Blocks UVA and UVB
When smaller than 100nm they can be harmful and they dont
block UV radiation
o Cheap to produce
o Stable in sunlight
o Antibacterial
o Doesnt leave white tint
Competition
 o Didnt have useful competition info

Nanoemulsions
Problem
o Improve solubility, quality, and appearance
o Expected to reach 42.2 billion dollars by 2018
o Bulky products
Solution
o Nanoemulsions
50-1000nm mean droplet diameter consists of oil and water
emulsifier
Non-toxic, kinetically stable, high surface area per unit volume
Competition
o Liposomes
Used for transporting active ingredients enclosed by lipid
bilayer
Short shelf life
Low stability
Less soluble with lipid compounds
Benefits
o Better sunscreens, moisturizers and anti-aging products

Biometric Improvements to Products

Bandages
Biomimicry in Bandages
o Emulates nature to solve everyday problem
o Bandages can be improved by mimicking gecko toes
Being designed to replace stitches and sutures, because they can hold the
wound together and release medicine to the wound
Competition and market
o Valued at 18.5 billion dollars in 2021
o Initially for use in armed forces and hospitals
o Will be able to seal up holes in intestines and even the heart

Nanorobots
Problem
o Braces and such
Painful and expensive
Solution
o Mimics sperm in the way they move
o Built with biocompatible elements so the body doesnt attack them
o Use dropper to disperse nanorobots into the gums
Allows for the manipulation of a single tooth for straightening
o Potential to straighten teeth in only one visit
Outlook
 o Expensive, but should be outweighed by the huge amount of time
saved

Nano-Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
This is what our teeth are made of (Enamel)
Trying to repair and restore tooth enamel
Competition
o Fluoride toothpaste
Uses ions to create a filler in the structure
o Our product
Can restore tooth enamel by bonding to weakened enamel
It will be more expensive
Some other stuff

Nanoliposomes
Market
o US alone in 2014 was 15.3 billion dollars
Problem
o Large companies with huge name brands
o Skin meant to keep things out
o Something else
Solution
o Nanoliposomes
Can fuse with other bilayers
Spontaneous penetration of the stratum corneum through
intracellular or transcellular

Toxicity of Nanomaterials
Iron Doping
Problem
o Toxic effects after penetrating biological barriers
Solution
o Iron (Fe) Doping
Zinc oxide has been found to be most toxic (other presentors
have said otherwise)
Changes matrix and slows down rate of dissolution
Improces crystalline quality
By doping still cheaper than competition and made safer
(theoretically)

MCTs
Problem
o Skin largest organ in you body and skin care products use thousands
of ingredients that may be toxic to the body.
Solution
 o Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)
They do things that I dont understand
Supposed eat glycerol or something and then are there to
prevent/kill bacteria and viruses
Competition
o Many common products contain toxic chemicals such as Parbens and
Phthalats

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Problem
o Current aging creams contain toxic chemicals
o They dont solve the problem at the source either
Solution
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
o These small nanoparticles as well as being hydrolipid (might not be
right) are able to penetrate the skin fully
o Controlled ingredient delivery
o Biodegrade over time
Competition
o Competitions solutions often contain Titanium Dioxide, which are
carcinogenic and toxic to the body. Killing skin cells.

Electronics
Size Reduction of Technology
Graphene-Based Electronics
Solution
o Have excellent intrinsic properties
o Can be produced continuously and consistently
o They are stretchable and strong (potentially foldable)
o High electron mobility
o Produces inert CO and CO2 when lasered
o Ability to be transparent
o Low cost

Carbon Nanotube Transistors

Solution
o High strength due to chemical bonding
o Displays semi-conductor (desirable) or metallic (undesirable)
properties
o Dont deteriorate over time
Competition
o Silicon
Low cost
Deteriorate over time
 Once silicon shrinks down to far they can cause electronic
leakage
o Germanium

Atomic Layer Deposition

Challenges
o Most films dont flex with the substrate effectively
o Limited by temperature using current methods
Degrade around 100C
o 228 billion dollar industry
Solution
o Atomic Layer Deposition
Low temperature growth (50C) and surface bonding
Competition
o Chemical Vapor Deposition
Uses high temperatures (600C)
Can cause degradation at these temps
Films are less efficient because of holes causing current
leakage
Method uses nucleation instead of reaction on the surface

E-Textiles
Problem
o Create lightweight wearable technology
o For personal use as well as military and medical
Solution
o E-Textiles
Uses regular sewing methods to implant a silver-coated
polymer with copper base threaded into fabric
Creates a wearable antenna
Competition
o Current radio system in operation
o 13 million per unit
o E-textiles costs about 30 cents per foot

Graphene Textiles
Problems
o Bulky
o Expensive
o Not scalable
o Limited skin contact
o Easily damaged
Solution
o Graphene Textiles
Adhere to fibers similar to color dyes
 Cost $50/kg
Competition
o Carbon nanotube textiles
$200/kg
Inflammatory response
DNA damage
o Silver nanoparticle textiles
$1300/kg
Not recyclable
Uneven fiber coating

Jacquard
Problem
o Not visually appealing
Solution
o Jacquard
Makes it possible to weave though and gesture interactivity
into any textile using industrial looms
Conductive Yarn
Competition
o Google Glass
$1500
o Apple Watch
$650
o Fitbit
$150

Video Recording Contact Lenses

Problem
o Human forgetfulness
Solution
o Auto Video Recording Contact Lenses
Records from person perspective
Embedded using Titanium Oxide Crystals
Currently only works for specific colors
Competition
o Google
Developing smart lens for diabetic patients
o Sony
Planning to make a video recording lens as well

Health Problems/Diagnostic Electronics

Gold Nanorods
Problem
o Acute Kidney Injury (ACI)
 Can be life threatening
Solution
o Gold Nanorods
Used in biomedical sensor to detect elevations of NGAL
Target proteins attach to the surface of the nanorods then
foram around to make a polymer
Didnt Understand At All

Liquid Biopsy Chip

Problem
o Cancer kills 550,000 Americans every year
o Stage 4 cancer has a 5 year survival rate of 22% where as stage 2 is
92%
Solution
o Catch cancer early on
o Liquid Biopsy Chip
Detects cancer using a single drop of blood
Contains antibodies attached to carbon nanotubes
Cancer cells attach to the didnt catch
Competition
o Current technology only tests for cancer tumors
o Current blood tests only test white blood cell count

Electrospinning Nanofibers
Problem
o 5.4 million Americans are living with some form of paralysis
o 118022 people need an organ transplant, 75904 are active
Solution
o Electrospinning nanofibers
Didnt catch
Competition
o Grafting
Doesnt always fully repair
Can damage donor site
Costs 600-1200 dollars
o Transplant
Long waiting lists
Immuno-suppressing drugs

Long Distance Communication

Graphene
Problem
o Telecommunication require physical hardware to run and transmit
information
o Worth 1.4 trillion dollars in the US alone
 Solution
o Graphene
A material discovered by scientists using tape to get a 1 atom
thick layer
Difficult to make in bulk
o Some other important things
Competition
o Something

NEMS Resonators
Problem
o Data rates do not get high enough speeds for current communication
traffic
o Will get much worse in about 10-15 years
Solution
o Graphene Nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) resonators
High electrical mobility
High tensile strength
Competition
o Silicon
Easy to process
Currently in use
Cant reach high frequencies require in near future
Size limits gain
Issues with high temperatures

Nanophotonics to Improve Bandwidth

Problem
o Current bandwidth is much slower than demand requires
Solution
o Nanophotonics
Uses Silicon dioxide for refractive index
Used to reduce depolarization of light
Competition
o 5th Generation Mobile Networks
Still developing
Allows for easier implementation in rural areas
Less speed, 1G/s compared to 15G/s

Defense
Improving Warfighter Protection
Ultra High Mw Polyethylene
Problem
o Current technology isnt strong enough, light enough, etc.
Solution
 o Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
Only plastic with lower density than water, so it floats
Market
o Military Body Armor
Competition
o A bunch of Military Companies
Uses materials 5-15 times stronger than steel

Graphene/Nanotube Material
Problem
o Current Bullet proof vests are heavy and dont allow for much
mobility
o Still injured while using, just no bullet wound
Solution
o Graphene/Nanotube Material
100 times stronger than steel compared to thickness
Allows for more force dispersion
Light, flexible, thermally stable
Bounces bullet off
Competition
o Stuff that wasnt too important

Iron man suit

I really didnt pay attention

Nano-Armor
Problem
o Injuries related to weight overload
Solution
o Nano-armor
Has tensile strength around 100 times more than steel
More efficient force absorption
Costs much more than competition

On Demand Water Treatment

Nano-Photocatalysis
Solution
o Photocatalysis
UV radiaition excites titanium dioxide catalyst particles
o Puralytics SolarBag
Can kill about 99.999% of contamintents
Takes around 3 hours
Can be used many times

Puralytics Photocatalysis
 Problem
o Water contains heavy metals, chemicals, protozoa, viruses, and
bacteria
Solution (current)
o Chemical addition
o Filters
o Distillation
o Reverse osmosis
o UV light
Solution (nano technology)
o Utilizes five light activated processes
o Self cleaning
o 100% water recovery
Stopped paying attention

Carbon Nanotubes
Problem
o Millions of people die every year from unclean water
o Targeted to the people immediately affected by natural disasters
Solution
o Carbon Nanotubes
Filters virtually almost all water anywhere
Pretty much replaces the micro filter
Can pair up with silver nanoparticles to increase effectiveness
Didnt explain how I dont think
Competition
o Microfiltration and Chlorination
Linked to a 40% increase in cancer
o Importing clean water
Expensive

FOB Resource Reuse and Recycling

CMF
Solution
o I really have no idea what was talked about
o Dont know what CMF stands for

Alice Rocket
Problem
o Hydrazine is expensive and hard to handle and store
Solution
o Alice Rocket
Nano-Aluminum and Ice
Ignited and the oxygen trapped by the ice is a stabilizer and a
coolant
 Competition
o Doesnt produce enough thrust to escape earth atmosphere

Solar Sails
Problem
o Lots of rocket fuel used to launch rockets, and is limiting to flight
capabilities and adds lots of weight
Solution
o Solar Sails
Uses light for flight
Carbon nanotube sheets form the kite like structure
This allows light photons to bounce off and propel the
spacecraft
Picks up speed over time.
Could reach Pluto in 3 years theoretically because of
this
Communication and Sensing
Butterfly Wings
Solution
o Uses butterfly wings idea to bend light and creates shimmering coats
o I really didnt pay attention
Florescent Polymer Chemical Sensors
Problem
o Chemical warfare and bomb threats are still used even though banned
by the UN
o Current chemical sensors are large, use lots of power, and are
expensive
Solution
o Florescent Polymer Chemical Sensors
Uses gold atoms conjugated to polymers
Costs about 21000 dollars to produce
Operates at room temperature
Competition
o Tin-Oxide Based Sensors
Costs around 100000 dollars
Must operate at 200C

Carbon Nanotubes
I really have lost interest in listening to presentations by now

Nanoporous Chemical Detectors

Problem
o Chemical danger is everywhere
Solution
o Cell-All
 Tiny sensor integrated into the cell phone
Other interesting things he speed through
Worth $1 per sensor and far more sensitive to more chemicals

Alternative Energy
Improvements to Batteries
Graphene
Problem
o Lithium batteries are temp sensitive
o They degrade faster with higher temps but perform better
Solution
o Add graphene
Add to the cathode to remove lithium battery limitations
Competition
o Regular and other alternative lithium batteries
Potentially could decrease charge time to almost instantaneous

Silicon Nanowires
Problem
o Little confusing
Solution
o Silicon Nanowires
Allows batteries to expand without cracking and degrading
over time
If paired with graphite can hold 3 times more power
o Competition
Pretty much all other batteries

Nanophosphate
Problem
o Electric batteries can weight 600kg and cost $30,000 for the vehicle
industry
o Lifetime of lithium batteries are relatively short
Nanophosphates
o Potentially increases lifespan up to 7000+ charge cycles, relatively 15
years longer life
o On the nanoscale the structure of the iron-phosphate is changed to be
more conductive
Competition
o Lithium batteries

Lower Cost to Fuel Cell Cars

PtNi Nanoparticles
Problem
o Pt high cost
 o Current standard catalyst doesnt meet the DOE 2017 target mark
Solution
o PtNi nanoparticles
This would improve technology surpassing the DOE standard
for 2017

Transition Metal Carbide Nanoparticles

Problem
o Low abundance of platinum
o High cost of production
Solution
o Transition Metal Carbide Nanoparticles
Tungsten Carbide or Molybdenum Nanoparticles
Do things with hydrogen that is helpful
Cheaper than platinum
Competition
o Electric Vehicles and Gasoline Vehicles

Didnt pay attention

Solution
o

Improve Wind Energy Technology

Carbon Fiber
Problem
o Coal and oil cause lots of pollution
o Only 30% of wind energy can be captured currently
Solution
o Carbon Fiber
Reduces weight and hopefully increases efficiency
Competition
o Aramid Fibers
Similar or higher properties to glass fibers
However these absorb moisture and will need to be replaced
over time

Carbon Nanotubes
Problem
o Wind turbines are huge and weigh a lot
Solution
o Reduce weight and increase strength
o Can increase size of the blades to increase power outage
Competition
o E glass fiber resin
Cheap
 Not as strong as carbon nanotubes

Carbon Nanofiber Paper Coating

Solution
o Not really seeing how this improves technology

Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite

Solution
o Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite
Light
Eight times stronger
Increases lifespan by 1550%

Improve Grid Technology

Coaxial Nano-super capacitor (CNS) cable
Problem
o Dont have a sufficient way to store energy
Solution
o CNS cable
Able to be recharged up to 5000 times or more
Weakness is a non consistent voltage

Hexagonal Boron Nanoparticles

Problem
o All of Electricity generated in power plants cant be used in the home
Solution
o Boron-Nitride Nanoparticles
Does stuff
Currently under research and currently still very expensive

Carbon Nanotubes
Problem
o Increasing power demand
o Transportation of electricity is difficult and costs 7.5% of the
electricity we are able to generate
Solution
o Single walled carbon nanotubes
Would use armchair conformation
No power lost to heat transfer
5x greater conductivity than copper
10x stronger than steel
Competition
o Aluminum composite reinforced wire
3x cost of currently used wire
Only twice the conduction of current electrical wire
 Enable Recycling of Byproducts
BCA Nanoparticles
Problem
o Climate change is a huge problem
Solution
o BCA Nanoparticles
o Combine with a peptide
o Does a bunch of things I dont understand, but is able to operate at
higher temperatures

Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

Solution
o TiO2 Nanotubes
o I really dont know what hes saying

Bio-Carbon Capture Storage

Problem
o CO2 is the dominant cause of global warming
Solution
o Bio-CCS
o Uses biomass and combustion
o Dont know what is going on

Carbon Nanotubes
Same problem
Solution
o Carbon Nanotubes
Able to absorb CO2, Methane, NOx, and diesel fuels
These are then able to be combusted and create more carbon
nanotubes

Microcantilever
Problem
o Current identification of bacteria and other contaminants in water is
poor
Solution
o Microcantilevers
When reduced to the nano size are able to detect things on the
10-18 in real time
Do things