CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Article II
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
State Policies

Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of
workers and promote their welfare.

Article III
Bill of Rights

Section 8. The right of people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Article XIII
Social Justice and Human Rights
Labor

Section 3. The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and
unorganized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all.
It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and negotiations,
and peaceful concerted activities, including the rights to strike in accordance with law. They shall be
entitled to security of tenure, humane conditions of work, and a living wage. They shall also
participate in policy and decision-making processes affecting their rights and benefits as may be
provided by law.
The State shall promote the principle of shared responsibility between workers and employers and
the preferential use of voluntary modes in settling disputes, including conciliation, and shall enforce
their mutual compliance therewith to foster industrial peace.
The State shall regulate the relation between workers and employers, recognizing the right of labor
to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns to
investments, and to expansion and growth.

Women
Section 14. The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working
conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities that
will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the nation
CIVIL CODE PROVISIONS
Chapter 3
WORK AND LABOR

Section 2
Contract of Labor

Art. 1700. The relation between capital and labor are not merely contractual. They are so impressed
with public interest that labor contracts must yield to the special laws on labor unions, collective
bargaining, strikes and lockouts, closed shop, wages, working conditions, hours of labor and similar
subjects.
Art. 1702. In case of doubt, all labor legislation and all labor contracts shall be construed in favor of
the safety and decent living for the laborer.

LABOR LAW
Labor law includes all the rules of law governing the conditions under which persons may work
under the control of other persons called employers. The term may also refers to labor standards and
labor relation laws governing hours of work, weekly rest periods, minimum wage rates, unfair labor
practices, strikes and lockouts. These laws are designed to look more on immediate results of
employer-employee relationships. As s concept, it is body of rules and principles which governs the
relation between labor and management in the collective, as distinguished from the principles
determining the rights and liabilities consequent to the individual relationship of employer and
employees.
Labor law is that branch of law that governs and regulates the relationship between employees and
employers.

LABOR STANDARDS LAW

Labor Standards law is that part of the law which prescribes the minimum terms and conditions of
employment which the employer is required to grant its employees.

LABOR RELATIONS LAW

Labor Relations law is that part of labor law which deals with unionism, collective bargaining,
grievance machinery, voluntary arbitration, strike, picketing and lockout.