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O ° ‘
Fonae
(a csaze signal (b) DSBSC-modvat wevetheres,
x Te 8 Smal undengety a. hole twehgol men
“the Truttnge Sgrol ely TB:
Taking Foun tranaliien on bath Sides 4 eHastion @ oe ge
Si) = & [Me-r +m] +8)
Whine. S(() tthe Founish tthontftim q the edulstid awe S(¥)
MQ) Su@= RES wer* 7
> SQ). rer { Tw. Sd}
IFT :-
FT
M(t) —> mi)
-JSnM—= ty hw
Ste) met) —s itn(4)
Iet
Dd -isqntt)- me) FET MW
SyntQeagy Fy JA)
Pred 2 dy = J [-Ssqnt mM) J]
= -J gam)
=) Spt mp
Jn < Spowmo
> sprcN mem AEs -iheo
Prmfi= - 5A) = 5 [-iSmety MOD]
= +i Sqn(-M()
J Fre) = - Sql) mle)Time-domain description of $$B wave :-
Using Hilbert transform, derive the equations for $$B signals. Specify the
advantages of $B over DSB-SC. July-05,12M
Derive an expression for $$B modulated wave for which upper sideband is
retained. (Jan-09,6M_Jan-05,8M
Sk
“The Ss tgnok may be germnaled by @ sB-SC
TW ¢ a
Fay loa ter slot he
‘oper sideband
ow 1
oss) Regn pont equa
% Wie 088-Se Yodulated ums. 3 datirea, mathematically of
‘vance S) = Rem(a) Cot (Attics)
7 ma> Manage Sgro
AcCotattfet > Code. Signal
“Whe Low patt Complex envelepe dh-the O58-Sc medslated Usenet St
exptealted of : ow
Sekt) = Mend
White,% Contidey “the SSB Traduza Waree SC), on Which only “the
Use at hehained, St hey Qludhotome Af Gell of dn-phoge
onent .
FRen Sl) se the Complee ermutlape. qf Salk) & et Can ut
Sela) = Rel SU exp Ciamaj]
Sala) = Of, A] Ls @
Wht, R dal pont,
TE dalnrmine FG) we phateed of Fells +
Tre PF anja; Pantin Hy() 2 Haplocea hy an tqyuindlent
Lpr qd Rramtjor Furnctin H(e) of Showin in bag 0.
We con eepuy ALU ot Pellrus :
(ACH SMO] , octew
° y thous,
Whe, San(e) ag the Sigrusm Punttion .
i) The 058-s¢ rrodulaled wroue SB replated by Complex. -
erualepe. “The SpecBuem q tha ervutlope 4 of Shswn ©
{ Taking FT om beth Ste eq ©), vx gee
YW e{M@-t) +m-+te]
}
¥ The Spach 4 (9 Ee VCH 4 a Shawn sn $9rr
. 0) [Epecram af BSSSC]
on teew a tw Ie
a a
(4) The frequency translation process iustrated using spectrums of message signal and
DSBSC wave
‘Second wo st
Dsesc sssc
©) Spectrum of the signal obtained by mul
veo
~ Hr Frequency
a —a
(© Spectrum of the DSBSC wave translated downwaris in frequency
Fig, = Concept of frequency translation ‘
Nore :-
He dusts Which pore Fauayuencey “Hea-rtletion at Kroun ay
Testes, The Phos d Punyuenc, tertlatinn St alle Kron of
Misting $1 hekwadyre.Proyuercty Proneton to hugs Praqquency:-
Wat the ofp 4 -the muttiplios i gutn by
Va) = EMEA) CobEar(Pe- fy) 4 ge MHES) Cab CF APL) —I®
x Daigring © Bpr with Cerda Paguency f= (Fh) § borduicth 4
aw.
The. ofp the BpF it-giesen by
Vg (4) = ame cos Gn(PetPy) +
VAG) = + mG) cof aire | —> @)
“Faking FT on dah Saat 4 WG), we got
Ny(D= te [m@-8) +Ce+)]
* TR Spatibwrn Be Va(8) Le. VP) to Sheu an Fag
co)
2m + roquoney
lustrated using spectrums of message signal and
'DSESC wave
the DSBSC wave with a local carrier
Bus ifm
Pusnjuency
Baten
14 (0 Spectrum of the DSBSC wave translated + upwards in frequency,
‘Concent of frequency transtationD Ha Encoming Signal hola ridband frwayuenty that may Sie tn
he. range S50 KH fo W650 KW. The OXettcted O handustdtn if
JORHR TRY Ligmal 4 to be trandlaled fo a fined Phueyuercy bans
cantiud ob 440 KHZ, Oahvrrine the fuming ange that Yuk be
fProwided by “tha local ctcallatt
Gimen $30 KH < fe < 1650 KAZ , y= WAKE 4 Bl = HK,
% WHT News Contes Prey urnty f= (Fe- Po)
% When p= S3oKHa , By = SS0Kna-yRoRHs Ris boxnz &
*® When f= leso Kia, Rus leSonna- HOKE, B= to RHE,
Henge the “tuning Shorge q aillath 5 [GoKHE ap teoKNS.
D> Cotideh the bandividth qa Signal. ound 4 the midband Mug.
harye 0.615- WHS MHZ, St Qeqyuind Jo -Hartlste this Ggral Jo
@ Fated Fuajuncy band Certsed ot 0-495 Miz, Qehimnine the
4 tuntng “thot ‘uth be phuuldtd inthe local ofthat
to pagan racelpary Prag uency —traxtlation,
Sdi- Ginen + O-6iseag < Fe CUS MHS P= o-uas Mita &
Wet Be P-B Bus tenn.
Pe fe-h
*% When
Fe = O6IS mig , = O-GIS TINS - O4FS MHS, B= o1MHa,
* When
f= HSMHa, l= hHSMHE-oussnna, = beurHa“What, the Sajsnad tumning Goamge qj loc ofellath 3
OMUMH3- 1 MHS
Mabiplasing a axmtque hie by a. Tusmbsy d Sndipendent
Sigrall can be, Combired. ‘ana Compal. Signal Sutkable fh-thenynition
ow ao Common Channel ,
Tree ade tuo “typed of rrultipletig :
3 Pruqquency Dinatton Mubliplerng (For)
} Teme Dutton Mulkipleaing Gor)
Muakipesing uqyuses hak the Skgnalt be Kapk opti So “that
“thoy do not Irtenfpye th tnch dh E-thas they Con be -
Sxposatad. ot “the Gactiainy end. . Thi Sy atcomplithed by Sipsiatirg
“the Signaly atthe in Prequeney & dime,
F TRe Suchrcque q Sipshating “the Simmaly in Prvsjuenty se
Fabssed to of Prugpanty -Uvitton ullplng (POM),
4 Te Fethnigque Sipibang the Signoly in atsre, “Called
Tarme - Diasitimn Mabliplening Gor),Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM):-
‘+ With a neat block diagram explain the operation of FDM technique.
july-08,5M_July-10,6M_June-10,6M_June-10,8M_July-o7.5M|
sar ‘seme
Proafloage | frcasne] f aga Fag] omcasncn firme] 2
zo ee pongo Fora Te cmosuanaaf-l 202] 20
2 S a vise
chanel —
woofer] cma) ofomeom fimo oma
wee vac fg 782 Loomocuates} {tone Ao
+ : : t
Caner i Conor
stow : ooo
Taras Tea
Block diagram of FOM system
% The Tp mattage galt Ctsemed to beg the. Io paly type oo.
Potted. though “the, Tip Lpra. The Ups ote Aaigred 2 Wemowe
bigh- Prtay utncy Compmrentt that do nat Cordibute Sigrilficantly
ce Signal. Suptuentation but che Capable 4. Cifkushing atheh wrettoge
Stgnale thot Shae the Commen Channel .
«Te Pultsua “oinge Sigroly abe “then tradkul.cted With the
Costiens Prasyuencier. The Trett Wididly Uled method 4 Modulation
in Fbe Sing Sidehand meduladion, whith Wayuitey a -
burda “hak 1 opphastrrataly tajual. do thet 4 Suginal -% We BpFY Prllswing “the vreduleity ade Ulsd oto ubsict the band
toch medulated Wome to iM Presibed args.
“The Tutalling BF dlpts ce Next Combined in Parallel to Hem
“the ct|p do the. Common Channel.
% Absthe Ywhsusing ond, Bory’ Commetted. -to the Gomme Charmnel
An pahallel so Sipotuaty the Teuage, Signals on the Muay uenty
TCapancy bord,
X Finally , the Signal Trellage Signolt okt Wutowhad by individual
domedulatdy.
Goniden an For Sytem ting SSB ‘Modulation ta Hhanprmit ay
Srdepender: voice pt. Atume 0 bunduddth KH Fa each
Voice Tp. Thay an add, te OCComedod on FON Sytem ubing
SSB modulation tp —Hhantrndt the ay. volte “Tp “the Commmumitak
sim Channa mugk phwuide the -Hrantmiftion bandutdth :
Bw nxhm
Where Sn? se the nubs; este Signal.
Ea ay, vate Ips hawirg a Dendiottth 4 yuna th
toch voice Epis, “the -Prartmuition banduddih ir given by:
Bus ax Gkna = T6KHS.A pment 4 Siren) can Rare
D Fon dats nat ued SynthborZakin heute -Manymtien and
JwLion fa fropsr opsation
D Semedulation Gf FOM sp toy
Tie Communic Charmel Tutt howe a vtty lahat, banduidth
> Largy. Turban Totally 4 Pair ae Naayviad
D ote sally occas in FON,
> All-the FOO Chanel get opis due to Widaband. fading,
Radio brradcapsing :-
Tn ado ing, a Conthol harms, YH Ud do -
fot. Trusts Sgnolt Ph Suceplion ot a. age Tuembeh of Werle
Points.
The tags, Syma ary he otually Sréendas. Rt extstainment
Punpate.
Thue ate 3 typ qh thadio brendcathing
) fra Bhamdcapting : use Shonahad Orwpltade, Yrarulain
FM rendconking : vier Prtyuercy Mmadalalion
DW brendcapting: upy V3B wodulationDe Srgle te. wartulaling Signal mL) = Mp CST 8) i
vies. Je pret the Ngp. Signe
S(4) =f AAA, Ca [anther] +4 FrmAe(t-¢) Cel [aC Fe Ps) E]
Whe ‘a? it Cotart, sy than unity , Spaphreenting the -
athrustion the Upp Side. Peaquenty
> Find thet Qua ato Camrponert re he VS@ Siprat mils)
Dy Whae .the value | Gorton o Fa wduch Sta) esnen oo
DsB-sc modulated Woate 7
C4 What anata valuay Gentian a PB tohich it edt 3
SSB Toduletnd trans 1
iD Re vse Signal, phar the Costs Ac CACanes), a2 pales
am enudepe decid. Dahorrrine “tne dittidin iF
by “the Aundtatine Compment «
YD What it the value 4 Gmutart Sa? PR Cobich ~thiy ditihio achey
3b WRU poldible Grulition
‘Tan - 2001, 8MHe Vs8 rrodoloted Comper Jt:
SOD = $time Cot [AMER HE) £] + pA Ca) Ge [SIT Cheb]
Cot (Og)
wer Coh(9-8)
Cob (Ate) = Cob A. ChB - Son: Sing
CA(A-BD = GAA. Gig + Sina. Sing
SE) = 4-2 Fn { Cel auc Gol Mfg - Snambc. Sevens |
+ szfnhe Cd f Ca aC yt + Sia ct Sty
= OAM, Cashes: Cobh 0 Armfle Gina, Sin MF
+ pfs) Gash ttt + Aufl) SnmTet Sint:
sW= Camfch. Cd ahem [ yoAmPe + &e Pe]
of Sen dite StnMF gy [Sai Ama = Ama]
BD Bares Gd OmAe Ayr + Safe ~ Spe = fing
» £2) hee ~ Sfimne = fone = Ame ---AmAc
= AimBe - Ba. BimPle
ak
LDMn-GAmbe = Ame (1-89)
[sw- LPrife Ck tuk Ganga +L Af (inss): Sinan SettttD The Tr. phase Componert 4 “the VSB Wane ar
Sy4) = A Ante Chatty
4 My undbaituhe Component. ir
Sul =p PmPe Grae) Sins
TE O=f, the Vsq Lome, S(X) 4 ey @ tela te arto
St) = fen le Caan: Od aman HEA Me (4A) Stnanhes Shy
(=o
S(2) = Amn Pe Cane &. Cob amit + Pm fe (0) Sinan . Sanam
SG) = -£ Ame Ct Bh Cathen
iat aso, the St8) {ey @ Wadacy to on 386 War Containing
only the WS8_ of Shown by
SE) =f Men AeCel Re GAT gg + p-AmAeC~ 6) Lun afd. Sthanten -
SU) =f Pe ahs. Cob + AmAe Tasted Sinan.
SOs Aeicamk-PeES Cardotat
Th ast, the $9 4 HO Fedaay +b On SE Wow “em
“the USB of Shown by : p>
3(3) £- PnPeCalantes Cot ante +4 MA I-26)] Senne Brams
SW) =e Pn PCa afc Cob AMtmse = -L Am fle Sin Aft. Sn Tbs
SCR) = AmnPe Cot am (Pert Ren)WY Peiding “the Cobeieh cip—the VSB Troduloted woe, the trwulspe
detuctts =p ig
S(a) = SY + Ae Cot amet
SUD = {Relay Cob Mek - Cet ats tf Rehm (1-26) Senztct: Santas
+ ACh arf
sa Ale Cob tne t +P het] +. AeA C+ ad) Sn anft. Sinttrn st
“The emulape detect olp Aa thesafe.
O(4) = J Gen-thate component) + Ganthtite Cmpemant)
a= | sto rsh
a = [tek Poncamnt ef +f Ame C8) Sinethy’]*
WD = [Ave 4 Arnett yy “foe hPm(-39) Sent “Y*
[ws ‘I (4m ttt) Ss
Pan (t-2d) Sinaia “YS.
CO = aestactatgy [wf HnOR Snare
* Tekh zl 1p flem Cot tt mt
he dition, Qppecing of a. Tralliplyang Fash, x thasaphe
ww. ceca
144-$-Ain Cof tty
YD Uthen 20, “the ibn dia) sr usta.ANGLE MODULATION — (FM-1)
“ Define angle modulation ?
Angle modulation is the process in which the angle of the carrier wave is varied in
accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, keeping constant
amplitude of the carrier wave.
There are two types of angle modulation
1. Frequency modulation
2. Phase modulation
“+ Angle Modulation : Basic Concept :-
Let the, reeduloted Gone. be exphopd in the, Grwhal Pim
a Felling: S( = AccaL ee] ®
‘yo con . C which 4p matrtatrud. Conttont )
{x39 the Omgslsh agement: hich BNA
prepicton watth the Trang Sara TU).
Tis. veniation q 8(4) due to MG) “An be expuyed Mathematical
, Bp Ge estes pe cy “atatin . SF a6) henge by
arr Thadiony then We Soy that a Complete cicillation hay octutud.,
% TF OCH) -B inGeapyd rmanetomically with tone ay Shown in
Fagus then the Cnsehagy. Pregjuenty tn HE 0% he. interval
“x? ay (tas) ae given by:ora 910
R@s- O(s-4ad) - 0)
ras’ —.
[>
am Ax ®
% The Snttortartey fHuqyuency 4 the Conga Treculatud. nee
SUH) 2 gine by
Ros Be, fa
— bm 6(£+a3) - ol) “|
7 Ato a Ak
de
TTRY st basic diferitin dh disinatine df o Yerction,
% Fa an Unmodaulated Cottusi, the onge 6%) 4s giasen by:
O(H= IME +H
Te Prugyuency -the Cateie, i We, Usher lke= STF g
a vel 4 6(4) ak =o,
Let Se ®Phase Modulation (PM):-
(© Deivaive of)
i nevi
(8) Phase Modula Wave
Phase modulated waves for sinusoidal signal
Pray rredalstion (pe) dared. of “the ton
m in hich “the euplan hyve “O(s)" i waht
inetd sth “the ratings Stgmal "en op piven below:
Whore,
LOgks Met Wuphaerdts “the anyptah onperen Pee
K Contiant, the phos she -
po Shapfheyerett Phoge. Serestinsthy
wt, The phoje- modalotad ure 9 (8) A Grown by:
S(3) = Acces [ets}]
Sla)= Accs Lamhe + + Kym]
“The estisha phos tredulation ob. t
} We envelope gph sonny Conaant § Ujual da the GonplitedeJ Te Zino Suing GO PH ore ro boa hans. 0. pepeck -
Shalaty in than Spcing Sve AM wwe, Tht ap becaze -
Anuertonemy Resjuorty 4 PM xe 2g phep&ttional to Sime
dusinctin 4 Tn(d).
Frequency Modulation (FM):~
BY
6) Messge signs me)
ANA A
() Frequency modulated wave oF
Freayunnty ‘Trudulatin 2 “the fam rmodulatin in
Which the intlordanuny Preqyuancy B.Ca) 44 vottact, Lineatdy
oth the Tela, Sgral M69 Os given balm:
f= k+HM® b> 0
Whee,
ko Fruqquency the Unmmedulees, Cobh
Keo Pagjuency Sentisastly qf the Todlaity exputted. aan
hesday per atk,Wer, a Gren ey @)
Weta a
os ant,@) 8
“Engpaling on balbSting 4, ]® wy
+
ola) = f amk,@: && —> @
+
OW = SF awl h+Kmey]
*}
£ ea
eS ak, at + § ung mb). ae
x x
= at fa + IM S mls). dt
a °
e(4) = ans + aT f “ma. ae FOO
JE TR FM Wow tn irre demain Con ba uhitin of
Sta) = Aca [ouj] — ©
Subusitasing oy @ in wy®, ve Ge
SU = ALCS atte + army, fFmta) a]Relationship between FM & PM :-
To bth FH pM the ntesdorame angle 66) Chamasy bit
An a differnt manne,
* The efrupions Fa the FM & PM ey tn the dime demain
aoe. of fdlous?
PM Wwe; S(4)= fe Cs [amb £ + kpmey]
Prt Wwe: SU} = Acca aM: tam sine) at]
Composing “thre eaphiietont ot Cam Conchide “thot an FM
Waa actually a prs Wows haning 0. ‘modalating Stgnat.
Smm(a) a intima 4 mC).
Note:-
> FP Wlowe, 6.09 is cna PrepStional So the Srueghal
4 MA) be Smey, dt
ee a ing Stqmal
MU) Wd A 4 then Am) mgdulebed hy Beng -
a Sirugeldal cation | “Define angle modulation. Describe with the help of block diagrams schemes for
generating.
FM wave using PM ii. PM wave using FM
fune-08,am_Jan-05,8M_June-09,8M]
Angle modulation is the process in which the angle of the carrier wave is varied in
accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, keeping constant
amplitude of the carrier wave.
‘There are two types of angle modulation:
1. Frequency modulation
2. Phase modulation
i, Generation of FM using PM (Phase Modulator):-
ot
[a
Moxkiating
wevemi)
Generation of FM from phase modulator
HFM Cam be gentile by 8 Srbepating ms) 4 “then
bing the Yuuutt a “the Ep te a phage madulath ay Shrusn Jn
above Figune., sé: A Gate t + ay Sh) a]
¥ii. Generation of PM using FM (Frequency Modulator):-
den(t)
a
sts a
oe ousin
A003 (emt
Generation ef P.M. wave using frequency modulator
Te PM Sigwal can be gerwake by (& dpperhiationg onl)
4-then ting “the Sault y “the ap te a Pugyuency -
smnoduleth ay Shoum in fig dboue.
+
S()= Ae Got aMht ram, Yr gt
Subphitoting SI Ky = Kp
Sta)= AccaL ames + aMtky mmG)]Square Modulation:-
Frequency modulated wave Phase modulated wave
‘Square modulation
CS)
* Comgidey too hall tla Sayunhe, modulcting toma
ag Shum in Fig ©. Te FM Wane ffheduced by thy -
Treduloting Usa pista an ig ®.
The De Wana hay berm plated. by Ubing “the, Aiea, -
Vestion f-mn(u) Ge. ghia “the adulaling Sagan. af Shen
in Fag ©.
Ne hot Sl ya Tan d abtsmate (rve a ve) delta
Puntion
Re duthea PM Wave plea im hy ©.An FM wave is defined by
S(t) = A.cos[iont + sin(4nt)]
find the instantaneous frequency of 5(t).
Shi- wer Pa): soy Wag
S (9 = Aca LOO]
LOLs toe + Stn UTE
hae 4 Lome + Sin ytd] W2
ee Sa
5 a
= Larr's Cod Gera) were] 3
at _
s+ 26g fms) 13
“> An FM wave is defined by
$(¥) = 10cos[2 + sin(6nt)]
find the instantaneous frequency of 5(8).
Ski- Gin ; 84) = SIT + Sin(gms)
Wexer R= 0l) Ha
= Came + Sn Gray} ma
3
2 ghe[ow't cer) 5] x
2 (it Cot Gr). 3] na
F(a) = Cir dct Gra] Wa“ Derive an expression for single tone sinusoidal FM wave, find its spectrum
June-10,10M
+ Explain single tone frequency modulation.
The Prequamey ‘Trodulsha Grane tn time demain dy ginuty by:
S() = A, ca [9] O
% We Strfeidal. tradaloting Sgrol 4 dafined by
X% The Sntantontow Pugjuenty 4 the FM Signal. 1 given by:
Bg) = Pe + Kym)
Pela) = fet Kp San Cod (an)
BD = tt Gt GPs) L> ©
Whee, AL= Kym & Jt JP Colles of Freqquercy deviation
St Called “the Phuqgurney Aansiation Te Hreqyuercy
{We quantity at
duuiction AP gy PrepSttional to the complibude. dj the madulating
Signal & 1 Independent 4 the modulating Preqquency.
}
WK-T the. Ongalos: welecy uy, @) athe ate 4 change 6.
wy = $0)
aut) = 2 0l) ——> 8Trttproting ey@ wiht dt
+ +
$ge otoise-S ant 0. a
Z °
(4) = Sam fe). at —
Substiisting wy @) tn ey ®
o(a)= f a [B+ ak cot Gt, 8) ] a
2 f antgat 4 fam at ce Ghent)
= aut + ak, Sin ath
Ot): amet +e Stn ah ot
™ (Setot ae: Sim at
O(4) = anf +B Sin Git) ; ©
Whe peg
Subsbdtion gy @3n wy D, we get
#16] SU8) = ACs Lambe + Bain arts]Modulation Index (B or my):-
Modulation nde it difired of the tatio d Fresyvanc donetotion
“AE! ch the mmodhlating Prayvendy Pn
Be Frequency deviation
Maing Pugpency
a
[pn]
y In FM the todulatin Sndax Con be gush than 1.
Nove :-
D We modulation andax 4B vty tpbdent an eM betauys at decdy
“the bandutih q the Fe ewe.
3 he adaalion Gran Olle dati the Tumbsh 4 Susbaandy hig
SigrthCart: arvpliiude.
Frequency Deviation (Af):-
% The Snttartantowy Prequency q abe eM Stgral. yohiy wAhato
fom “the anstings. value Cadi Presyuerey fe Lig Korum of
t=] |e‘ Derive the equation for FM waves. Define modulation index, maximum
deviation and bandwidth of a FM signal flune-05,6M_June-09,M(old)|
Lat “th. mredaldhd met be cupulnd tn the gereol Pm of
Palen ; $(4) = ACeLa(ay]FH-> ©
TRL Smarter Hecyuencsy dp the FM Sigral iy ginen by
Bt) = be FAR Cat Gath) }- > @
Wer the arngalet rwelecty WY) ay the fake q chores 6(2)
ww) = £ old)
ant,g)=-g-4t9 — ©
Erkgrating dq @ Wide de
Sheows § fangs a
6(3) = Smo a —@
‘Supelthding “pation © 1» oy @, we gee
+
6a): Sarl tet AP Ca Camb,,.)] a:
x
S rh d+ Samat Cah yt)
é
= ant + sefap Smawth mt
Bit en
8) = ania +-fE Santa
8(a)= TFL + BSmn(aT mt) |» ©Whew, pe.
Pen
Subskanting oy @ in ey O, we pe
|S) = Ae caLamk t+ Bin Cantey al]
Pett Sra t-
pe Ny tion st
Madubating Prugyuercy
Mactim dmutadion 3~
The. mast Change. tn “the antontonsous
Faugyuer ty Pom te. outage alee tae Phaquenty #2 3p
Kroum of Muquoncy davtation —
AF =| Kem] nase
AR= Kp Am,
Bandustath ?-
“Tre Fm Wane Convict infinite ‘ruembsy d) Sidebar,
hut bundatath FM Sgral at Salita.
By Ghions Tule »
Bw: a[At ttm]> Types of FM or Classification of FM :-
Depending on the value of the modulation index ‘’ FM wave is classified as
follows:
1. Narrow band FM (NBFM)
2. Wide band FM (WBFM)
D Nese band FM :- — propiity 4
% AONGEM a the FM Was tsith a. Small bandisidth. “The,
Modulation Sndex “Bp” NBem 4 Small a Compared to
ore ‘hadian
4% Thy Neem hor 0 _Nethew banciutdth hich <9 eAyual st
twice “the ‘Treteage bandwidth.
3 Wad band FM i phapedy 3
TR. Werm tag a “ruth sodqen volue d “B! tobith it -
sthekudtically in Jiinite .
* Fir latgn vale 4 Modulation Snsex'p’, “the Fe lone
sLétslly Corthatry the Sabian & an Snfbrnile Tumbh g-
S Ascaha Symmeticolly hour. the Cestich,
Such a Fm Wane hoy Snir bareidh $ hence Called -
Wideband FM,
> Mention the properties of FM?
‘There are three properties of FM:
1. Narrow band FM (NBFM)
2. Wide band FM (WBFM)
3. Constant average power.Narrow band Frequency Modulation:-
‘% Describe with necessary equations and block diagram, the generation of narrow
band FM. Jan-05,6M
> Narrow band FM une-09,5M(old)|
The. Atme- domain exptreion Pa an FM Wane Jp
S(a)= Recs [ af, & +B Sin @rP,,,3)] —> O
Cot (Atg)= tA. CBB - Sin. SinB
fiz Met & B=PSinCaMtms)
30): a] cults). Cd (BSin ttFyn) - Sin (anf, 2). Sin(BSEN aT, HG
Th NEEM, B -¥ Small, hente it Poitible. io
Cab B: Sin IM)
Sin ( B Sina S) & BSin TF
Tabssiteting ey @) in oy @, ve YH
Slo) = AeCeb antes (i) - Ae Sin athe -(BSin STF in 3)
SG) = AeGéaMht - BAe. Sinanbes. Sin tht. +O
wee
Sohne POD 4 AOD
tL» ®
S()= Ae Cobanhe + - [ee cos am(Fe- tas) + ~ Pe Bee carm(ettn)s]
SCO) = Axcotamea ~ He cotam(ie-ayt +28e Cott Fethm)t ©