Pharm Drugs + Classes (All)

PHARM MASTER STUDY SHEET
ABACAVIR: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV

ABARELIX: gonadotropin; GnRH antagonist; advanced prostate cancer
ABATACEPT: immunomodulator/DMARD; RA
ABICIXIMAB: antiplatelet; angioplasty/stent
ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM: treatment of drug dependence (ethanol)
ACARBOSE: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; postprandial glycemia
ACEBUTOLOL: S beta blocker; HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No asthma/AA, angina, MI
1) cardioselective beta blocker (x2)
2) evokes dromotropic and chronotropic negative effects (x2)
ACETAMINOPHEN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; pain, fever, migraine cessation (w/codeine/caffeine/butalbital)
1) antidote: acetyleysteine (x3)
2) blocks reversibly COX-1 and COX-2 in CNS, is hepatotoxic
ACETAZOLAMIDE: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; epilepsy, glaucoma, high-altitude sickness
ACETYLCHOLINE: Direct Ach agonist; miosis, coronary angiography
1) increases the pharmacological effect of succinylcholine
ACYCLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; herpes genitalis/labialis, herpetic encephalitis, chickenpox, shingles
ADALIMUMAB: immunomodulator/DMARD; RA
ADENOSINE: nucleoside; PSVT
ALBENDAZOLE: helminth/nematode; microsporidiosis, ascariasis, pinworm/hookworm/whipworm infection, trichinosis,
cysticercosis, echinococcosis
ALBUTEROL (SALBUTAMOL): Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
1) produces tachycardia that can be blocked by Verapamil
2) can cause bronchodilation in a 55 year old man with COPD (x2)
3) should not be administered in a severe asthmatic attack in a bronchial asthma patient
ALDESLEUKIN: cytokine; colorectal cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma
ALEMTUZUMAB: monoclonal antibody; B-cell CLL
ALENDRONATE: bisphosphonates; osteoporosis, Paget's disease
1) patient would be advised to drink water and remain upright to decrease risk of erosive esophagitis (x2)
ALFACALCIDOL: Vitamin D; rickets, hypocalcemia, tetany, chronic renal failure
ALFENTANIL: IV anesthetic/strong opioid agonist; surgical anesthesia
ALFUZOSIN: S alpha blocker; urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
ALISKIREN: Renin inhibitor; no pregnant
ALLOPURINOL: prevent gout;
ALMOTRIPTAN: 5HT agonist; migraine cessation
ALOSETRON: antidiarrheal/5HT3 antagonist; IBS
ALPRAZOLAM: benzodiazepine; acute/generalized anxiety, panic disorder
ALPROSTADIL: prostaglandin drug; erectile dysfunction; patent ductus arteriosus
ALTEPLASE: fibrinolytic; pulmonary embolism, STEMI, acute stroke
1) used in treatment of acute MI within 6 hours after onset
ALUMINUM AND MAGENSIUM HYDROXIDES: gastric antacid; peptic ulcer disease, acid indigestion, dyspepsia
1) when prescribed along with sucralfate, does not cure duodenal ulcer
AMANTADINE: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's, influenza
1) used as a prophylactic against Influenza A (x2)
2) antiviral agent used in parkinson's disease
AMBRISENTAN: endothelin-1 antagonist; pulmonary arterial HTN
AMIKACIN: antimycobacterial/aminoglycosides/30S; aerobic Gram (-), TB, M. avium-intracellulare infection
1) side effect: ototoxicity and neprhotoxicity (x2)
AMILORIDE: K-sparing diuretic; HTN, cirrhosis, CHF, hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary
edema
1) used to treat hypokalemia caused by hydrochlorothiazide therapy for chronic congestive heart failure
AMINOCAPROIC ACID*:
1) used to stop bleeding caused by streptokinase (x2)
AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE: corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor; breast cancer, malignant adrenocortical tumors, Cushing's
AMIODARONE: III Sodium CB; V/SV arrhythmias
1) has an extremely long half life of 40 days, can cause hypo/hyper thryoidism, is used to suppress
supraventricular arrhythmias, blocks sodium and calcium channels
2) may cause hypothyroidism (x2)
3) used for treatment of atrial fibrillation
4) one of the most characteristic side effects is: pulmonary fibrosis
AMITRIPTYLINE: TCA; migraine prevention
1) can cause prostatic hypertrophy
AMLODIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
2) used in the treatment of HTN
AMOBARBITAL: barbiturate; insomnia
AMOXICILLIN: extended-spectrum; otitis, upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, skin/soft tissue, UTI
AMPHETAMINE: adreno agonist/CNS stimulant; narcolepsy, ADHD
AMPHOTERICIN B: polyene antibiotic; antifungal; superficial candida, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis,
coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, meningitis, mucormycosis, amebic meningoencephalitis
1) fungicidal drug binding to ergosterol, inducing pores in the cell membrane, administered IV or intrathecally
2) its toxicities are dose limiting when used in treatment of systemic mycosis
3) effective for treatment of infections due to C. albicans
4) used for treatment of systemic fungal infections, binds to ergosterol to disturb the fungal cell membrane, can cause renal
and liver damage, poorly adsorbed via the oral route
5) drug of choice for systemic infections
AMPICILLIN: extended-spectrum; meningitis, decubitus, diabetic foot ulcers, endocarditis, Lyme disease
1) used for treatment of typhoid fever
AMRINONE*: pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor;
1) increases myocardial contractility
AMYL NITRATE: nitrite vasodilator; angina, MI, CN poisoning
ANAKINRA: immunomodulator/DMARD; RA
ANASTROZOLE: antiestrogen/aromatase inhibitor; metastatic breast cancer
ANISTRIPLASE*:
1) preformed complex of streptokinase and plasminogen
APOMORPHINE: dopamine agonist; Parkinson's
APRACLONIDINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; short term inocular pressure control
APREPITANT: NK1 antagonist; antiemetic
ARFORMOTEROL: selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; chronic bronchitis, emphysema
ARIPIPRAZOLE: atypical antipsychotic;
ARMODAFINIL: CNS stimulant; narcolepsy
ARTEMETHER: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
ARTEMETHER WITH LUMEFANTRINE: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
ARTESUNATE: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
ASPIRIN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID/antiplatelet; unstable angina, angioplasty/stent, stroke prophylaxis,
pain, fever, inflammation heart valve, migraine prevention
1) in low doses is effective in prophylaxis after a MI because of irreversible acetylation of COX-1
2) should be avoided by patients with peptic ulcer
ATAZANAVIR: protease inhibitor; HIV
1) resistance to it involves amino acid changes in HV-1 protease
ATENOLOL: S beta blocker; HTN, angina pectoris, acute MI, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No asthma/AA, angina, MI
1) should be avoided in combination with isosorbide dinitrate in a patient with heart failure and ischemic heart disease
ATOMOXETINE: CNS stimulant; ADHD
ATORVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
ATOVAQUONE WITH PROGUANIL: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
ATRACURIUM: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
ATROPINE: M antagonist; ocular, cardiac, respiratory, GI/urinary, CNS
2) used to increase heart rate in case of sinus bradycardia (x2)
3) connected effects: dry mouth, constipation, mydrasis, tachycardia
4) characteristic effects: decreased salivation, mydriasis and cyclopegia, hyperthermia, urinary retention
5) derivatives contraindicated in glaucoma
6) effects: mydriasis, urinary retention, increase of heart rate, constipation (x2)
7) indicated for: biliary colics, ashtma, bradycardia, premedication to surgery
AURANOFIN: gold salt DMARD; RA
AUROTHIOGLUCOSE: gold salt DMARD; RA
AZATHIOPRINE: immunomodulator; tissue transplants, IBS, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
1) used as an immunosuppressive agent
AZELASTINE: intranasal antihistamine; L sedative, VL anticholinergic
AZITHROMYCIN: macrolide/ketolide/50S; respiratory (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, M. avium-intracellulare), amoebic
meningoencephalitis
AZTREONAM: monobactam; gram (-): enterobacter, citorbacter, klebsiella, proteus, P. aeruginosa
1) beta-lactam antibiotic highly stable to beta-lactames produced by gram negative rods
BACITRACIN: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor; skin and eye

BACLOFEN: MS, ALS
1) can alleviate muscle spasms
BASILIXIMAB: monoclonal antibody immunomodulator; renal transplants
BECLOMETHASONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD
1) dilates the bronchi
BENAZEPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
BENZOCAINE: ester anesthetic; dermal/laryngeal/oral topical
BENZTROPINE: cholinergic antagonist; Parkinson's
BENZYLPENICILLIN*:
1) highly active against: pneumococcus, meningococcus, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, S. aureus
BEPRIDIL: multiple CCB; angina, HR, AV conduction, AV node refractory period, QT interval
BETAMETHASONE: glucocorticoid; (salt 0, anti-inf 30), long acting, skin disorders, RDS prophylaxis in infants, very high
potency topical
1) high potency and long acting glucocorticoid
BETAXOLOL: S beta blocker; HTN, chronic open angle glaucoma, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No asthma/AA, angina,
MI
1) used for the treatment of glaucoma
BETHANECHOL: Direct Ach agonist; + urinary/GI
1) effects: bradycardia, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, renin secretion (x2)
BEVACIZUMAB: monoclonal antibody; colorectal cancer
BICALUTAMIDE: antiandrogen; prostate cancer
BIMATOPROST: prostaglandin drug; open angle glaucoma, ocular HTN
BISACODYL: constipation
1) mechanism of action: direct intestinal wall stimulator
BISOPROLOL: S beta blocker; HTN, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), no asthma/AA, angina, MI, heart failure
BIVALIRUDIN: anticoagulant; unstable angina, acute MI, angioplasty/stent
BLEOMYCIN: DNA intercalator; cervical, head, neck, and testicular cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
BOSETAN: endothelin-1 antagonist; pulmonary arterial HTN
BRETYLIUM*:
1) decreases the amount of NE released by adrenergic nerve terminals and may accumulate in nerve terminals
BRIMONIDINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; short term inocular pressure control
BROMOCRIPTINE: dopamine agonist; hyperprolactinemia, prolactin secreting adenomas, Parkinson's
1) used in treatment of Parkinsonism
2) directly suppresses prolactin secretion
3) D2 receptor agonist
BUDESONIDE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, long acting, inhalational
BUMETANIDE: loop diuretic; heart failure, cirrhosis, CHF, hypercalcemia, HTN, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, renal
impairment
BUPIVACAINE: amide anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block, spinal anesthesia
BUPRENORPHINE: mixed opioid agonist-antagonist; pain, opioid dependence
BUPROPION: antidepressant; treatment of drug dependence (nicotine)
1) most effective smoking cessation drug, most common side effect is convulsions
2) most effective pharmacological treatment of nicotine addiction
BUSPIRONE: nonsedating anxiolytic/HT5 agonist; chronic anxiety, depression
1) potent partial 5HT1A receptor agonist, anxiolytic effect takes days or weeks to develop, does not potentiate the CNS
depression caused by alcohol
BUSULFAN: DNA alkylator; CML
BUTORPHANOL: mixed opioid agonist-antagonist; migraines, moderate to severe/labor pain, anesthesia, migraine cessation
BUTYROPHENONS*:
1) may evoke hyperprolactinemia
CABERGOLINE: dopamine agonist; acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, prolactin secreting adenomas, Parkinson's

1) recommended for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia (x2)
2) useful for treatment of patients with elevated prolactin secretion
CAFFEINE: CNS stimulant;
CALCIFEDIOL: Vitamin D; rickets, hypocalcemia, tetany, chronic renal failure
CALCITONIN: hormone; osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia
1) used in management of hypercalcemia
CALCITRIOL: Vitamin D; rickets, hypocalcemia, tetany, chronic renal failure
CALCIUM CARBONATE: gastric antacid; peptic ulcer disease, acid indigestion, dyspepsia, osteoporosis, hypocalcemia
CALCIUM CITRATE: calcium; osteoporosis, hypocalcemia
CANDESARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM/), no pregnant
CAPECITABINE: pyrymidine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor;
CAPTOPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma) no pregnant, heart failure
CARBACHOL: Direct Ach agonist; glaucoma, miosis
CARBAMAZEPINE: partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic, mood stabilizer; antimanic, antidepressant, prophylactic
1) widely used as an anxiolytic drug (x2)
2) used as a mood stabilizing drug
3) the most common side effects are diplopia and ataxia, is contraindicated in absence epilepsy, chronic use may result in
SLE, available only in oral form
CARBIDOPA: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
CARBOPLATIN: platinum compound/DNA alkylator; ovarian cancer
CARBOPROST TROMETHAMINE: prostaglandin drug; abortifacient, postpartum bleeding
CARMUSTINE: nitrosourea drug/DNA alkylator; brain tumors, melanoma, myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
CARVEDILOL: alpha/beta blocker; HTN, heart failure
1) most likely to cause vasodilation
CASPOFUNGIN: echinocandin; antifungal; aspergillosis, candidiasis
1) used for aspergillis infections
CEFACLOR: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CEFAZOLIN: 1st-generation cephalosporin; perioperative prophylaxis
CEFDINIR: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CEFEPIME: 4th-generation cephalosporin; intra-abdominal, UTI, pneumonia, skin/soft tissue
CEFMETAZOLE: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CEFONICID: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CEFOTAXIME: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; gonorrhea
CEFOTETAN: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; intra-abdominal, gynecologic, biliary tract
CEFOXITIN: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
1) most effective agent used in treatment of intra-abdominal infections caused by anaerobic Gram (-) bacteria
CEFPODOXIME: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; gonorrhea
CEFPROZIL: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CEFTAZIDIME: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; UTI, pneumonia
CEFTIZOXIME: 3rd-generation cephalosporin;
CEFTRIAXONE: 3rd-generation cephalosporin; gonorrhea, UTI, otitis, meningitis, pneumonia, Lyme disease
1) best empiric antibiotic regiment, along with erythromycin for community-acquired pneumonia induced by atypical
organisms
CEFUROXIME: 2nd-generation cephalosporin; respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue
CELECOXIB: selective COX2 inhibitor/NSAID; anti-inflammatory, osteoarthritis, RA
1) inhibits COX-2 more selectively than COX-1
CEPHALEXIN: 1st-generation cephalosporin; skin/soft tissue
CETIRIZINE: H1 antagonist; 2nd gen antihistamine; L sedative, VL anticholinergic, asthma, allergic/viral rhinitis
CETUXIMAB: monoclonal antibody; colon cancer
CEVIMELINE: Direct Ach agonist; xerostomia
CHLORAMBUCIL: nitrogen mustard/DNA alkylator; CLL
1) bone marrow suppression is a major adverse effect
CHLORAMPHENICOL: 50S; meningitis, brain abscess
1) side effect: gray baby syndrome (x2)
2) agent causing aplastic anemia (x2)
4) is bacteriostatic
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE: benzodiazepine; anxiety, alcohol detoxification
CHLOROPROCAINE: ester anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
CHLOROQUINE: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
1) may cause visual field defects
CHLORPHENIRAMINE: H1 antagonist; 1st gen antihistamine; M sedative, M anticholinergic
CHLORPROMAZINE: typical antipsychotic;
1) causes orthostatic hypotension which cannot be explained on the basis of its blockade of dopamine receptors (x2)
CHOLESTYRAMINE: bile resin; hyperlipidemia
1) used to treat hyperlipidemia
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN: gonadotropin; LH; infertility, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, cryptorchidism
CICLESONIDE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD
CICLOPIROX: N-hydroxypyridinone/antifungal; dermatophyte infections, superficial candida
CIDOFOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; CMV diseases
CIMETIDINE: H2 antagonist; peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, GERD
2) effects: hypogastrinemia, confusion, gyneocmastia, delayed microsomal metabolism
3) reduces the secretion of intrinsic factor, reducing the absorption of vitamin B12
CINACALCET: PTH; hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia
CIPROFLOXACIN: floroquinolone/antimycobacterial; bacterial diarrhea, intra-abdominal infections, infections of urinary tract,
prostate, bone and joints, skin and eye, anthrax exposure, M. avium-intracellulare infection, corneal ulcers
1) should not be coadministered with antacids containing aluminum. (x2)
2) when combined with gentamycin, best treatment for UTI caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3) agent affecting DNA topoisomerase (x2)
CISATRACURIUM: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
CISPLATIN: platinum compound/DNA alkylator; bladder, cervical, ovarian and testicular cancer, melanoma, myeloma, non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma
CITALOPRAM: SSRI;
CLADRIBINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; hairy cell leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
CLARITHROMYCIN: macrolide/ketolide/50S; respiratory (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, M. avium-intracellulare), H. pylori
CLAVULANATE: beta-lactamase inhibitor; given along with amoxicillin
CLEMASTINE: H1 antagonist; 1st gen antihistamine
CLINDAMYCIN: 50S; streptococcal, staphylococcal, anaerobic infection
1) inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, preventing translocation step via its interaction with 50S subunit
2) agent useful against Bacteroides fragilis (x2)
3) the antibacterial spectrum is similar to the penicillin G and arhythromycin, hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion are
more important than excretion by the kidneys, inhibits protein synthesis by binding at the ribosomal site where clarithromycin
binds, the drug penetrates well into bone.
CLOBETASOL: glucocorticoid; , very high potency topical
CLOFARABINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; ALL
CLOFAZIMINE: antimycobacterial; leprosy
CLOMIPHENE: antiestrogen; anovulatory infertility
1) substance that may induce ovulation by blocking the effects of estrogen on hypothalamic GnRH release
2) promotes ovulation in infertile women
CLOMIPRAMINE: TCA; OCD
CLONAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; anxiety, panic disorder, generalized absence/myoclonic/atonic seizures
CLONIDINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; hypertension, opioid dependence
1) selective alpha-agonist that decreases peripheral vascular resistance
CLOPIDOGREL: antiplatelet; unstable angina, angioplasty/stent, stroke prophylaxis
CLORAZEPATE: adjunct for partial seizures;
CLOTRIMAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; dermatophyte infections, superficial candida
CLOXACILLIN: penicillinase-resistant; staph infections
CLOZAPINE: atypical antipsychotic/HT5 antagonist; schizophrenia
1) neuroleptic drug that may produce agranulocytosis
2) agranulocytosis is a toxic side effect
COCAINE: adreno agonist/ester anesthetic/CNS stimulant; local anesthesia, laryngeal/nasal/urogenital topical
CODEINE: moderate opioid agonist; mild to moderate pain, antitussive
COLCHICINE: treat gout attack;
COLESEVELAM: bile resin; hyperlipidemia
COLESTIPOL: bile resin; hyperlipidemia
CONIVAPTAN: antidiuretic hormone antagonist; euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia
CONJUGATED EQUINE ESTROGENS: estrogen; primary hypogonadism
CORTICORELIN OVINE TRIFLUTATE: corticotropin; diagnostic for Cushing's
CORTISOL - HYDROCORTISONE
CORTISONE: glucocorticoid; (salt 0.8, anti-inf 0.8), short acting, anti-inflammatory, low potency topical
COSYNTROPIN: corticotropin; diagnostic tests: CAH/ovarian hyperandrogenism & adrenal insufficiency
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
CROMOLYN SODIUM: anti inflammatory/mast cell stabilizer; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, systemic mastocytosis, ulceritive
colitis, food allergy
1) prevents antigen-induced degranulation of mast cells
CYANOCOBALIN VITAMIN B12
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE: nitrogen mustard/DNA alkylator; breast, lung and ovarian cancer, CLL, ALL, myeloma, neuroblastoma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, sarcoma
1) common complaint of treatment is bladder irritation with hematuria.
CYCLOSPORINE: microbial immunomodulator; renal transplant, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis,
CYPROHEPTADINE: HT5 antagonist; carcinoid syndrome, pruritus, urticaria
CYTARABINE: pyrymidine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; AML non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
DACARBAZINE: DNA alkylator; Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, sarcoma

DACLIZUMAB: monoclonal antibody immunomodulator; renal transplants
DACTINOMYCIN: DNA intercalator; Ewing's sarcoma, trophoblastic tumors, Wilms' tumor
DALTEPARIN: anticoagulant LWMH; acute/surgical/long term VT, unstable angina
DANAPAROID: anticoagulant; acute/surgical/long term VT, unstable angina
DANAZOL: androgen; heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, hereditary angioedema
1) major drug with weak androgenic activity used in treatment of endometriosis. (x2)
1) used to treat endometriosis
DANTROLENE: malignant hyperthermia
1) effective in diffuse muscular rigidity and hypertonia produced by IV succinylcholine administration in patient undergoing
endotracheal intubation
DAPSONE: antimycobacterial; leprosy
DAPTOMYCIN: antibacterial; infections due to meth- or vanco- resistant staph, vanco-resistant enterococci
DARBEPOETIN-ALPHA: hematopoietic growth factor; anemia
DARIFENACIN: M antagonist; overactive bladder
DASATINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; CML
DAUNORUBICIN: DNA intercalator; ALL, AML
DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA): adrenal androgen; health supplement
DESFLURANE: inhalational halogenated anesthetic;
DESIPRAMINE: TCA;
DESLORATADINE: H1 antagonist; 2nd gen antihistamine
DESMOPRESSIN: vasporessin analogue; diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, hemorrhage
DESOGESTREL: progestins/gonanes; oral contraception
DESONIDE: glucocorticoid; low potency topical
DESOXIMETASONE: glucocorticoid; high potency topical
DEXAMETHASONE:
DEXAMETHASONE: glucocorticoid/antiemetic; synergistic with 5HT3 antagonists (salt 0, anti-inf 30), long acting, suppression
test, cancer, infections, inflammatory, low potency topical
DEXMEDETOMIDINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; adjunct to anesthesia
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE: CNS stimulant; narcolepsy, ADHD
DEXTROMETHORPHAN: opioid agonist; antitussive
DIAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; alcohol detoxification, anxiety, muscle spasm, status epilepticus, spasticity, Huntington's
DIAZOXIDE*:
1) used in the treatment of hypertensive crisis (x2)
DIBUCAINE: ester anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
DICLOFENAC: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; topical/transdermal, osteoarthritis
DICLOXACILLIN: penicillinase-resistant; staph infections
DICUMAROL: anticoagulant; DVT, not used much
DICYCLOMINE: M antagonist; irritable bowel
DIDANOSINE: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE: helminth/nematode; cutaneous filariasis
DIGOXIN: digitalis glycoside; heart failure, A fibrillation
1) effective prescribed doses should be lower than usual in cases of patients with hypokalemia and
hypomagnesia.
2) its toxic effects are spontaneous depolarizations, hypokalemia, nausea & vomiting, visual disturbances
5) used to treat atrial flutter
6) used in treatment of atrial fibrillation in a patient with cardiac failure
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE: migraine cessation
1) ergot alkaloid used in migraine headache
DILTIAZEM: CCB/III Sodium CB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/kidney/migraine), heart rate/output, angina, acute SV
tachycardia, A fibrillation
1) reflex tachycardia is not observed during treatment.
2) used in angina, consistently decreases heart rate and prevents vasospastic attacks
DILOXANIDE: lumen/tissue protozoa;
DIMENHYDRINATE: H1 antagonist/antiemetic; 1st gen antihistamine; H sedative, M antiemetic, H anticholinergic, motion
sickness
DINOPROSTONE: prostaglandin drug; abortifacient, cervical ripening
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: antihistamine/H1 antagonist; 1st gen antihistamine; insomnia, H sedative, M antiemetic, H
anticholinergic, asthma, allergic/viral rhinitis (night-time)
DIPHENOXYLATE: antidiarrheal/opioid agonist; diarrhea
DIPYRIDAMOLE: antiplatelet; stroke prophylaxis
DISOPYRAMIDE: IA Sodium CB; V arrhythmias
DISULFIRAM: treatment of drug dependence (ethanol)
DIVALPROEX SODIUM: migraine prevention
DOBUTAMINE: Catech. adreno agonist; cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, cardiac stimulation in surgery
1) stimulates B1 receptor in heart, best management of emergency treatment of cardiac arrest (x2)
DOCETAXEL: mitotic inhibitor; breast and ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer
DOCUSATE: constipation/stool softener;
1) mechanism of action: water retention in intestine
2) detergent action facilitates mixing water and fatty substances increasing luminal mass
DOLASETRON: HT5 antagonist; nausea and vomiting
DOFETILIDE: III Sodium CB; atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias
DOLASETRON: 5HT3 antagonist; antiemetic; chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
DOMPERIDONE*: antidopaminergic; suppress nausea and vomiting, prokinetic, promotes lactation
1) prescribed for patient with delayed gastric emptying probably due to diabetic gastroparesis. (x2)
2) acts on enteric cholinergic motor neuron and enhances antroduodenal coordination
DONEPEZIL: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Alzheimer's
DOPAMINE: Catech. adreno agonist; cardiogenic shock, septic shock, heart failure, hypovolemic shock
1) low doses may induce increased renal blood flow (x2)
2) with increasing doses activates D1, beta1 and alpha1 receptors
3) drug of choice to treat acute renal insufficiency in patient with cardiogenic shock
DORIPENEM: carbapenem; intra-abdominal, meningitis, febrile neutropenia
DORZOLAMIDE: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; epilepsy, glaucoma, high-altitude sickness
DOXAZOSIN: S alpha blocker; hypertension, urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
DOXORUBICIN: DNA intercalator; ALL, bladder, breast, gastric, lung, ovarian, soft tissue, and thyroid cancer, myeloma,
neuroblastoma
DOXYCYCLINE: tetracycline/30S; Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, granuloma inguinale, brucellosis,
cholera, relapsing fever, H. pylori, chlamydial urethritis, acne, MRSA, malaria
DRONABINOL: psychoactive/antiemetic/THC formulation; chemotherapy nausea, appetite stimulation
DROSPIRENONE: progestins; oral contraception
1) has antiandrogenic activity
DULOXETINE: antidepressant;
DUTASTERIDE: antiandrogen/5alpha-reductase inhibitor; benign prostatic hyperplasia
ECHOTHIOPHATE: Irrev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; glaucoma, accommodative esotropia

1) used for the treatment of glaucoma
ECONAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; dermatophyte infections, superficial candida
EDROPHONIUM: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Myasthenia Gravis DX
EFAVIRENZ: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
1) HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ELETRIPTAN: 5HT; migraine cessation
EMTRICITABINE: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
ENFLURANE: inhalational halogenated anesthetic; muscle relaxation
ENFUVIRITIDE: fusion/entry inhibitor; HIV
1) inhibition of HIV entry into T cells
ENLAPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma) no pregnant, heart failure
1) decreases angiotensin II concentration and is contraindicated in pregnancy
ENOXAPARIN: anticoagulant LWMH; acute/surgical/long term VT, unstable angina
ENTACAPONE: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
EPHEDRINE: adreno agonist; nasal decongestion
EPINASTINE: opthalmic antihistamine; allergic conjunctivitis
EPINEPHRINE: Catech. adreno agonist; anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, etc
2) used to increase heart rate in case of sinus bradycardia
EPITIFIBATIDE: antiplatelet; unstable angina, angioplasty/stent,
EPLERENONE: K-sparing diuretic/aldosterone antagonist; HTN, heart failure
1) something to do with aldosterone receptor
EPOETIN-ALPHA: hematopoietic growth factor; anemia
EPOETIN-BETA: hematopoietic growth factor; anemia
EPOPROSTENOL: prostaglandin drug; pulmonary HTN
EPROSARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM/), no pregnant
ERGOCALCIFEROL: Vitamin D; rickets, hypocalcemia, tetany, chronic renal failure
ERGOTAMINE: migraine cessation
ERLOTINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; non-small cell lung cancer
ERTAPENEM: carbapenem; intra-abdominal, meningitis, febrile neutropenia
ERYTHROMYCIN: macrolide/ketolide/50S; respiratory (streptococci/pneumococci/Legionella/M. or C. pneumoniae)
1) agent useful for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Legionella (x2)
2) best empiric antibiotic regiment, along with ceftriaxone, for community-acquired pneumonia induced by atypical organisms
ERYTHROPOIETIN*:
1) used to treat dialysis patient with normocytic normochromic anemia
ESCITALOPRAM: SSRI;
ESMOLOL: S beta blocker/II Sodium CB; acute SV tachycardia, HTN, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No asthma/AA,
angina, MI
ESOMEPRAZOLE: PPI; peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger Ellison
ESTAZOLAM: benzodiazepine; insomnia
ESTRADIOL: estrogen; primary hypogonadism
1) stimulates progesterone receptor biosynthsis in the uterus, increase production of cervical mucus, binds to specific nuclear
receptors, stimulates secretory phase of menstrual cycle
ESTROGEN: hormone; not sufficient itself to prevent bone loss, menopausal women
ESZOPICLONE: sedative-hypnotic; insomnia
ETANERCEPT: immunomodulator/DMARD; RA
1) an immunologic agent that exerts its antirheumatic effects by binding to and inactivating TNF
2) used in RA, mechanism of action is nonactivation of TNF
ETHAMBUTOL: antimycobacterial; M. avium-intracellulare infection, TB
1) should be stopped after 2 months of coadministration with isoniazid (with B6) and rifampin if disease responds well
2) may cause retrobulbar neuritis
ETHANOL: CNS depressant; drinking alcohol
ETHACRYNIC ACID: loop diuretic; cirrhosis, CHF, hypercalcemia, HTN, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, renal
impairment
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL: estrogen; oral contraception
1) synthetic estrogen used in contraceptives
ETHOSUXIMIDE: generalized absence/myoclonic/atonic seizures;
1) effective in treatment of absence seizures in children. (x2)
2) blocks T calcium channels in terminal membrane
EHTYLENE GLYCOL: CNS depressant; antifreeze
ETIDOCAINE: amide anesthetic; infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
ETODOLAC: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; more selective for COX2 but not as much as CELECOXIB
ETOMIDATE: IV anesthetic;
ETOPOSIDE: DNA topoisomerase inhibitor; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, small-cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, AML
EXENATIDE: incretin mimetic; type 2 diabetes
EZETIMIBE: cholesterol absorption inhibitor; hyperlipidemia
FAMCICLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; herpes genitales/labialis, shingles

FAMOTIDINE: H2 antagonist; peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, GERD
FASCARNOT*:
1) would benefit a patient with herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster virus (x2)
FELBAMATE: adjunct for partial seizures;
FELODIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
FENOLDOPAM: D agonist; HTN emergencies
FENOFIBRATE: fibric acid; hyperlipidemia
FENOPROFEN: migraine prevention
FENOTEROL: Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
1) causes: mydriasis, urinary retention, increase in heart rate, constipation
FENTANYL: IV anesthetic/strong opioid agonist; analgesia, respiratory depression, chronic pain patch, anesthesia adjunct
FERROUS FUMARATE: mineral; iron deficiency
FERROUS GLUCONATE: mineral; iron deficiency
FERROUS SULFATE: mineral; iron deficiency
1) better absorbed than ferric salt
FEVERFEW/GINGER: migraine prevention
FEXOFENADINE: H1 antagonist; 2nd gen antihistamine; VL sedative, VL anticholinergic, asthma, allergic/viral rhinitis
FILGRASTIM: hematopoietic growth factor; neutropenia
FINASTERIDE: antiandrogen/5alpha-reductase inhibitor; benign prostatic hyperplasia, male pattern baldness
1) 5alpha-reductase inhibitor indicated for treatmetn of benign prostate hyperplasia. (x2)
2) use: benign prostate hyperplasia
FLECAINIDE: IC Sodium CB; V/SV arrhythmias
FLOXURIDINE: pyrymidine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; colorectal and hepatic carcinoma
FLUCONAZOLE: azole derivative/corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor; antifungal; candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, meningitis,
sporotrichosis, superficial candida, Cushing's
1) drug of choice against esophageal candidasis
2) used to treat chronic candidasis infection of the GI tract and oral cavity, given p.o.
3) the most effective agent used in pill form in the treatment of chronic Candidasis infection of GI and oral cavity
FLUCYTOSINE: pyrymidine analogue/antifungal; candidiasis
1) produces a synergistic effect with amphotericin B in treatment of infections due to Candia albicans or Cryptococcus species
FLUDARABINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; CLL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
FLUDROCORTISONE: mineralocorticoid; Addison's, (salt 200, anti-inf 10), short acting, anti-inflammatory, congenital adrenal
hyperplasia
FLUMANEZIL: benzodiazepine antagonist; benzodiazepine OD
FLUNITRAZEPAM: CNS depressant; roofies
FLUOCINONIDE: glucocorticoid; high potency topical
FLUOROURACIL: pyrymidine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; breast, colorectal, gastric, skin cancer
FLUOXETINE: SSRI; migraine prevention
1) SSRI
FLUPHENAZINE: typical antipsychotic;
FLURAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; insomnia
FLURBIPROFEN: migraine prevention
FLUTAMIDE: hormone and hormone antagonist; prostate cancer
1) used for: inoperable prostate cancer
FLUTICASONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, medium potency topical
FLUVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
FLUVOXAMINE: SSRI;
FOLIC ACID/FOLATE: vitamin; megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy
1) absorption requires deconjugation of polyglutamyl form to monoglutamyl one
2) prevents megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy
3) is necessary for the synthesis of DNA which in turn contributes to erythropoiesis
4) can cause spina bifida if inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy occurs
FOLINIC ACID*:
1) most likely to potentiate the antineoplastic action of 5-fluorouracil
FOMEPIZOLE: used for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
FONDAPARINUX: anticoagulant; surgical VT
FORMOTEROL: Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist/bronchodilator; asthma, emphysema
FOSAMPRENAVIR: protease inhibitor; HIV
FOSCARNET: pyrophosphate derivative; herpesvirus; herpes genitales, shingles, CMV (all if resistant to others)
FOSFOMYCIN: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor; lower UTI
FOSINOPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma) no pregnant, heart failure
FOSPHENYTOIN: status epilepticus
FRAXIPERINE*:
1) used to treat DVT in pregnant woman
FROVATRIPTAN: HT5 agonist; migraine cessation
FUROSEMIDE: loop diuretic; heart failure, cirrhosis, CHF, hypercalcemia, HTN, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, renal
impairment
1) used in the management of hypercalcemia in hyperparathyroid patients
2) used to treat 58 year old patient with chronic heart failure who developed signs of pulmonary edema with 180/110 BP
GABAPENTIN: adjunct for partial seizures; ALS, migraine prevention

GALANTAMINE: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Alzheimer's
GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTERONE (GHB): CNS depressant; date rape drug, you know?
GANCICLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus, CMV diseases
1) used to treat a 45 year old with neutropenia, anemia, and myelosuppression.
GATIFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, TB
GEFITINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; non-small cell lung cancer
GEMCITABINE: pyrymidine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; pancreatic, bladder and breast cancer
GEMFIBROZIL: fibric acid; hyperlipidemia
GEMIFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, TB
GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN: monoclonal antibody;
GENTAMICIN: aminoglycosides/30S; aerobic Gram (-)
1) when combined with ciproflaxin, best treatment for UTI caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
GENTIAN DYE*:
1) can be used directly on skin, mucous membranes and wounds
GLATIRAMER ACETATE: MS
GLIMEPIRIDE: sulfonylurea; type 2 diabetes
GLIPIZIDE: sulfonylurea; type 2 diabetes
1) doctors should avoid prescribing it in alcoholic patients with heart failure and DM type 2.
2) most likely to cause hypoglycemia as an adverse reaction (x2)
GLYBURIDE: sulfonylurea; type 2 diabetes
GLYCEROL: osmotic diuretics; cerebral edema, glaucoma, renal impairment
GLYCOPYRROLATE: M antagonist; excessive salivary and respiratory secretions
GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE: gold salt DMARD; RA
GONADORELIN: gonadotropin; GnRH; infertility, pituitary diagnostic
1) pulsatile administration is used in treatment of infertility (x2)
GOSERELIN: gonadotropin; GnRH; prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis
GRANISETRON: 5HT3 antagonist; antiemetic; chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
1) very effective in the prevention of acute vomiting induced by radiotherapy
GRISEOFULVIN: fungistatic/antifungal; dermatophyte infections, tinea capitis
GUAIFENESIN: expectorant; thick respiratory secretions, dry nonproductive cough, sinusitis
GUANFACINE: centrally acting; HTN
HALOPERIDOL: typical antipsychotic; Tourette's, Huntington's, PCP OD

HALOTHANE: inhalational halogenated anesthetic;
HEPARIN: anticoagulant; VT (acute/surgical/long term), pulmonary embolism, angina, STEMI, atrial fibrillation
1) indicated for the treatment of DVT, DIC, prevention of pulmonary embolism, unstable angina
2) its bleeding can be treatment by protamine sulfate (LMW Heparin) (x2)
3) antidote is protamine sulfate
HEROIN: opioid;
HUMAN (REGULAR) INSULIN: short acting;
HYDRALAZINE: vasodilator; HTN (no angina), severe HTN, heart failure
2) best in treatment of acute HTN in pregnant women (x2)
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE: Thiazide diuretic; HTN (65+/AA/CHF/CVA/DM/OsteoP), cirrhosis, CHF, DI, nephrolithiasis,
nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, renal impairment
HYDROCODONE: moderate opioid agonist; mild to moderate pain, antitussive
HYDROCORTISONE (CORTISOL): glucocorticoid/Ab to TNF-alpha; (salt 1, anti-inf 1), adrenal insufficiency, short acting, anti-
inflammatory, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, inflammatory bowel disease; ulceritive colitis, Crohn's disease
1) topical corticosteroid with very high first pass hepatic metabolism.
2) increases gluconeogenesis, is safe in physiological doses, has strong anti-inflammatory effect, decreases synthesis of
interleukins
HYDROMORPHONE: strong opioid agonist; moderate to severe pain, severe cough
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE: DMARD; RA
HYDROXYPROGESTERONE: progestins; dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, uterine bleeding
HYDROXYUREA: ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor/DNA synthesis inhibitor; CML, sickle cell anemia
HYDROXYZINE: antihistamine/H1 antagonist; 1st gen antihistamine; anxiety, H sedative, H antiemetic, M anticholinergic
HYOSCYAMINE: M antagonist; intestinal spasms
IBANDRONATE: bisphosphonates; osteoporosis

Y-IBITUMOMAB: monoclonal antibody; B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
IBUPROFEN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; pain, fever, inflammation
1) reversibly blocks both COX 1 and 2
IBUTILIDE: III Sodium CB; atrial fibrillation
IDARUBICIN: DNA intercalator; AML
IFOSFAMIDE: nitrogen mustard/DNA alkylator; sarcoma, testicular cancer
IMATINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; CML
IMIPENEM: carbapenem; intra-abdominal, meningitis, febrile neutropenia
IMIPRAMINE: TCA;
1) has cardiovascular side effects
INDAPAMIDE: Thiazide diuretic; (65+/AA/CHF/CVA/DM/OsteoP), cirrhosis, CHF, DI, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome,
pulmonary edema, renal impairment
INDOMETHACIN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; treat gout attack, acute inflammation, patent ductus arteriosus
1) used to treat an acute gout attack
2) used to close a patent ductus arteriosus
INFLIXIMAB: immunomodulator/DMARD; inflammatory bowel disease, ulceritive colitis, Crohn's disease, RA
INSULIN (REGULAR)*:
1) can be given IV
2) is frequently used in combination with other preparations, is used to treat acidosis and coma
INSULIN ASPART: rapid acting; postprandial glycemia,
INSULIN DETEMIR: long acting;
1) semisynthetic analogue of human insulin without peak (x2)
INSULIN GLULISINE: rapid acting; postprandial glycemia,
INSULIN GLARGINE: long acting;
INSULIN LISPRO: rapid acting; postprandial glycemia
1) is a rapid acting insulin
INSULIN PROTAMINE ZINC*:
1) has the longest duration of action of various insulin preparations without insulin analgoues
INTERFERON ALFA-2B: hepatitis B, C, non-A/B/C hepatitis, genital warts, hairy cell leukemia, CML, Kaposi's sarcoma, renal
carcinoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma
INTERFERON BETA-1A: MS
INTERFERON BETA-1B: MS
IODOQUINOL: lumen/tissue protozoa; amebiasis, dientamoeba infection
IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE: bronchodilator/M antagonist; asthma, COPD, allergic/viral rhinitis
IRBESARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM/), no pregnant
IRINOTECAN: DNA topoisomerase inhibitor; ovarian and colorectal cancer
IRON DEXTRAN: mineral; iron deficiency
IRON SALTS*:
1) antidote: deferoxamine (x2)
ISOFLURANE: inhalational halogenated anesthetic; muscle relaxation
ISOFLUROPHATE: Irrev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; glaucoma, accommodative esotropia
ISOMETHEPTENE: migraine cessation
ISONIAZID(INH): antimycobacterial; TB
1) side effect: peripheral neuropathy (x3)
2) appropriate for M. tuberculosis therapy after initial treatment with three drugs for two months
3) has vitamin B6 coadministered in order to prevent neuropathy.
4) may cross the placenta, may cause peripheral neuropathy which is preventable with pyridoxine
5) has activity against bacteria other than M. tuberculosis
ISOPHANE (NPH) INSULIN: intermediate acting;
ISOPRENALINE - ISOPROTERENOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL: CNS depressant; rubbing alcohol
ISOPROTERENOL (ISOPRENALINE): Catech. adreno agonist; asthma, AV block, bradycardia
1) used to increase heart rate in case of sinus bradycardia
2) activates mainly beta1 and beta2 receptors
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE: nitrate vasodilator; angina, MI, heart failure
1) should be avoided in combination with atenolol in a patient with heart failure and ischemic heart disease
2) overdose causes severe tachycardia and headache (x2)
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE: nitrate vasodilator; angina, MI
ISRADIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
ITRACONAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, pseudallescheriasis,
sporotrichosis, dermatophyte infections, superficial candida
IVERMECTIN: helminth/nematode; strongyloidiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, lymphatic filariasis, river blindness
IXABEPILONE: mitotic inhibitor; breast cancer
KETAMINE: IV anesthetic; analgesia, postanesthetic delirium hallucinations

KETOCONAZOLE: azole derivative/corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor; antifungal; dermatophyte infections, superficial candida,
systemic/subcutaneous, Cushing's
KETOPROFEN: migraine prevention
KETOROLAC: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; parenteral analgesia, allergic conjunctivitis, postoperative ocular
inflammation, migraines
KETOTIFEN: opthalmic antihistamine; allergic conjunctivitis
KETPROFEN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; pain, fever, inflammation
LABETALOL: alpha/beta blocker; HTN (Pregnant)

1) alpha and beta blocker dedicated to treat hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. (x2)
2) used to treat hypertensive crisis (x2)
LACTULOSE*:
1) mechanism of action: hyperosmotic agent
2) can be used to treat portal systemic encephalopathy
LAMIVUDINE: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
1) acceptable first line HIV therapy along with zidovudine and nevirapine
LAMOTRIGINE: adjunct for partial seizures, generalized absence/myoclonic/atonic seizures;
LAPATINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; breast cancer
LATANOPROST: prostaglandin drug; glaucoma
LEFUNOMIDE: DMARD; RA
LEPIRUDIN: anticoagulant; unstable angina, acute MI, angioplasty/stent
LETROZOLE: antiestrogen/aromatase inhibitor; metastatic breast cancer
LEUPROLIDE: gonadotropin; GnRH; prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis
1) reduced testosterone production in the testes
2) continuous administration reduces the number of GnRH receptors in the anterior pituitary
LEVALBUTEROL: selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
LEVETIRACETAM: adjunct for partial seizures;
LEVOBUPIVACANINE: amide anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
LEVOCABASTINE: opthalmic antihistamine; allergic conjunctivitis
LEVODOPA: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
1) dopamine precursor
LEVOFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, infections of urinary tract, prostate, skin & eye
LEVONORGESTREL: progestins/gonanes; oral contraception
LEVOTHYROXINE: thyroid hormone; T4, TH replacement, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules/cancer, goiter, myxedema coma
LIDOCAINE: IB sodium CB/amide anesthetic; local anesthetic, V arrhythmia, epidural, infiltration, nerve block, spinal
anesthesia, dermal/laryngeal/oral topical
1) antiarrhythmic drug that does not block conduction in AV node
2) dedicated to treat ventricular arrhythmias induced by digoxin
LINEZOLID: protein synthesis inhibitor; infections due to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium/streptococci/MRSA
LIOTHYRONINE: thyroid hormone; T3, as LEVOTHYROXINE but less effective/more side effects
LIOTRIX: thyroid hormone: T4/T3 4:1,
LISDEXAMFETAMINE: CNS stimulant; ADHD
LISINOPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
1) most appropriate to treat a 55 y/o female with pulmonary congestion
LITHIUM: mood stabilizer;
1) inhibits the recycling of inositol (x2)
3) may cause hypothyroidism (x2)
4) can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, has narrow therapeutic windows, can cause hypothyroidism, therapy requires
serum monitoring
5) may cause tremor, thyroid enlargement, and leukocytosis
LODOXAMIDE: anti inflammatory/mast cell stabilizer; ocular allergies
LOMUSTINE: nitrosourea drug/DNA alkylator; brain tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
LOPERAMIDE (IMMODIUM AD): antidiarrheal/opioid agonist; diarrhea
1) antidiarrheal drug that evokes the least central nervous system effects
LOPINAVIR WITH RITONAVIR: protease inhibitor; HIV
LORATADINE: H1 antagonist; 2nd gen antihistamine; VL sedative, VL anticholinergic, asthma, allergic/viral rhinitis
LORAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; anxiety, status epilepticus
LOSARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM/), no pregnant
LOVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
LOXAPINE: typical antipsychotic;
LUBIPROSTONE: chloride channel activator/chronic idiopathic constipation
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD): hallucinogen;
MAGNESIUM OXIDE AND SODIUM PHOSPHATE: constipation

MAGNESIUM SULFATE: cation; V/SV arrhythmias due to its deficiency
MALATHION: Irrev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; pesticide, lice
MANNITOL: osmotic diuretic; cerebral edema, glaucoma, renal impairment
1) improves renal function in acute renal failure
MARAVIROC: fusion/entry inhibitor; HIV
MARIJUANA: psychoactive;
MEBENDAZOLE: helminth/nematode; ascariasis, capillariasis, pinworm/hookworm infection
1) used to treat infections by: roundworms (Ascariasis), hookworms (Necotor), pinworms (Enterobins), whipworm (Trichuris)
MECHLORETHAMINE: nitrogen mustard/DNA alkylator; Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma
MECLIZINE: H1 antagonist/antiemetic; 1st gen antihistamine; M sedative, H antiemetic, M anticholinergic, motion sickness
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE: progestins; dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, uterine bleeding, oral contraception
MEFENAMIC ACID: migraine prevention
MEGESTROL: progestins; dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, uterine bleeding
MELARSOPROL: blood/tissue protozoa; trypanosomiasis (late)
MELOXICAM: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; more selective for COX2 but not as much as CELECOXIB
MELPHALAN: nitrogen mustard/DNA alkylator; breast and ovarian cancer, myeloma
MEMANTINE: Alzheimer's
1) produced some cognitive improvement in patients with Alzheimer's, by blocking NMDA receptor (x2)
MENOTROPIN: gonadotropin; FSH and LH, infertility, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, cryptorchidism
MEPERIDINE: strong opioid agonist; obstetric/postsurgical analgesic, pain management
MEPIVACAINE: amide anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
MERCAPTOPURINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; AML, ALL, CML
MEROPENEM: carbapenem; intra-abdominal, meningitis, febrile neutropenia
MESALAMINE: inflammatory bowel disease; ulceritive colitis
MESCALINE & PSILOCYBIN: hallucinogen;
MESTRANOL: estrogen; oral contraception
METFORMIN: biguanide; type 2 diabetes
1) causes weight loss, GI disturbances, lactic acidosis
2) should not be prescribed to alcoholic patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 DM
METHADONE: strong opioid agonist; opioid dependence, chronic pain
METHAMPHETAMINE: CNS stimulant; ADHD
METHANOL: CNS depressant; wood alcohol
1) antidote: ethylene glycol
METHIMAZOLE: thioamide; Graves disease
1) can inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.
2) controls symptoms of hyperthyroidism
METHOHEXITAL: IV anesthetic;
METHOTREXATE: folate antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor/DMARD; ALL, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
osteosarcoma, trophoblastic tumors, RA
1) citrovorum factor (leucovorin) reverses its toxicity
2) acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
METHYLCELLULOSE*:
1) action is similar to the indigestible parts of fruits and vegetables
METHYLDOPA: centrally acting; (Pregnant)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-METHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA): CNS stimulant;
METHYLPHENIDATE: CNS stimulant; narcolepsy, ADHD
METHYLPREDNISOLONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; (salt 0.5, anti-inf 5), intermed acting, cancer, inflammation,
allergy, autoimmune disorders, asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD
METHYLTESTOSTERONE: androgen; hypogonadism
METHYSERGIDE: 5HT2 antagonist; carcinoid syndrome, migraine prevention
METOCLOPRAMIDE: prokinetic drug; inflammatory bowel disease
2) best drug for diabetic patient with gastroparesis (x2)
3) action; central dopamine agonist effects, cholinomimetic effects, prokinetic properties, anti-emetic effect
METOLAZONE: Thiazide diuretic; (65+/AA/CHF/CVA/DM/OsteoP), cirrhosis, CHF, DI, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome,
pulmonary edema, renal impairment
METOPROLOL: S beta blocker/II Sodium CB; HTN, angina pectoris, acute MI, heart failure, V/SV arrhythmias
(angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), no asthma/AA
1) most effective in blocking the ability of epinephrine to increase release of renin from the juxtoglomerular apparatus
METRONIDAZOLE: lumen/tissue protozoa; amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, guinea worm
1) best treatment for patient with severe diarrhea whose stool is positive for C. dificile toxin
2) may produce teratogenic or toxic effects in pregnant patients
METYRAPONE: corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor; Cushing's
MEXILETINE: IB sodium CB; V arrhythmia
MICONAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; pseudallescheriasis
MIDAZOLAM: benzodiazepine/IV anesthetic; anesthesia, muscle relaxation, amnesia
MIDODRINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; orthostatic hypotension
MIFEPRISTONE: corticosteroid receptor antagonist/antiprogestin; Cushing's, hyperadrenocorticism, abortion
MIGLITOL: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; postprandial glycemia
1) causes intestinal bleeding
MILRINONE: phosphodiesterase inhibitor; heart failure
MILTEFOSINE: blood/tissue protozoa; leishmaniasis
MINERAL OIL*: laxative
1) mechanism of action: lubricant
MINOCYCLINE: tetracycline/30S; Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, granuloma inguinale, brucellosis,
cholera, relapsing fever, H. pylori, chlamydial urethritis, acne, MRSA
MINOXIDIL: vasodilator; No angina, alopecia, severe HTN
MIRTAZAPINE: antidepressant;
MISOPROSTOL: cytoprotective/prostaglandin drug; gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by NSAIDs, no pregnancy
1) caused cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and severe uterine contractions in a 34 y/o woman with peptic ulcer disease
(x2)
MITOMYCIN: DNA alkylator; bladder, breast, lung, pancreatic, cervical, and stomach cancer
MITOXANTRONE: DNA intercalator; AML, MS
MOCLOBEMIDE: MAO inhibitor;
1) activates CNS transmission by inhibition of MAO
MODAFINIL: CNS stimulant; narcolepsy, ADHD (offlabel)
MOEXIPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
MOLINDONE: atypical antipsychotic;
MONTELUKAST: anti inflammatory/antileukotriene; asthma, COPD
MUROMONAB-CD3: monoclonal antibody immunomodulator; acute allograft rejection
MORPHINE: strong opioid agonist; severe pain (trauma, MI, cancer)
1) used for pulmonary congestion
2) increases biliary sphincter tone
3) causes: respiratory depression and suppression of cough, pupillary constriction, hypotension, nausea and vomiting
MOXIFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, TB
MUPIROCIN: protein synthesis inhibitor; impetigo due to streptococci/staphylococci, nasal MRSA
MUSCARINE: Direct Ach agonist; ---
NABILONE: psychoactive; chemotherapy nausea, appetite stimulation

NABUMETONE: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; prodrug
NADOLOL: NS beta blocker; HTN, angina pectoris, migraine, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), no asthma/AA, MI
NAFARELIN: gonadotropin; GnRH; endometriosis, precocious puberty
NAFCILLIN: penicillinase-resistant; osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, skin/soft tissue
1) effective therapy for S. aureus infection.
NAFTIFINE: allylamine; antifungal; dermatophyte infections
NALBUPHINE: mixed opioid agonist-antagonist; moderate to severe/labor pain
NALOXONE: opioid antagonist; opioid overdose, abuse prevention,
1) is an opioid receptor antagonist
NALTREXONE: opioid antagonist; alcohol and opioid dependence (post detox)
NAPROXEN: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; pain, fever, inflammation, migraine cessation
NARATRIPTAN: HT5 agonist; migraine cessation
NATALIZUMAB: MS
NATAMYCIN: polyene antibiotic; antifungal; superficial candida
NATEGLINIDE: meglitinide; postprandial glycemia
NEBIVOLOL: Adreno blocker; HTN (HF/DM/arrhythmias)
NEDOCROMIL: anti inflammatory/mast cell stabilizer; asthma
NELARABINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; ALL
NEOMYCIN: aminoglycosides/30S; swimmer's ear
1) used topically for therapy of GI infection induced by Gram negative organisms
2) used topically and for infection localized in the GI tracts
3) used topically may be absorbed sufficiently to cause ototoxicity
NEOSTIGMINE (PROSTIGMINE): Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Myasthenia Gravis, + urine/GI, curariform
antidote
1) should be administered in case of poisoning with tubocurarine (x2)
2) indirectly activates nicotinic receptors
3) contraindicated in IBS
NERETHINDRONE*:
NESIRITIDE: vasodilator; heart failure
NEVIRAPINE: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
1) acceptable first line HIV therapy along with zidovudine and lamivudine
NIACIN: vitamin B3; hyperlipidemia
NICARDIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
NICOTINE: Direct Ach agonist/CNS stimulant; smoking cessation
2) on repeated use may lead to enzyme induction of cytochrome P-450
NICOTINIC ACID*:
NIFEDIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
1) caused bradycardia
2) reflex tachycardia is most likely to occur (x2)
NIFURTIMOX: blood/tissue protozoa; Chagas disease
NILOTINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; CML
NILUTAMIDE: antiandrogen; prostate cancer
NIMODIPINE: migraine prevention
NISOLDIPINE: CCB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/migraine), angina
NITAZOXANIDE: lumen/tissue protozoa; cryptosporidiosis
NITROFURANTOIN: antibacterial; bladder infections
NITROGLYCERIN: nitrate vasodilator; angina, MI
1) in angina: dilation of systemic veins results in decreased end diastolic pressure and reduces oxygen demand;
dilation of coronary arterioles reduces resistance and increases coronary flow through ischemic tissue; dilation of
peripheral arterioles reduces heart work, reflex tachycardia decreases diastolic coronary flow.
2) indications for use: stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute MI, variant angina (x2)
3) sublingual administration avoids first pass hepatic metabolism (x2)
NITROPRUSSIDE: vasodilator; HTN emergencies
1) a short acting vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies
NITROUS OXIDE: inhalational nonhalogenated anesthetic;
NIZATIDINE: H2 antagonist; peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, GERD
NORELGESTROMIN: progestins; oral contraception
NOREPINEPHRINE: Catech. adreno agonist; hypotension, shock
1) when given to normotensive adult results in decreased heart rate and vasoconstriction
2) activates alpha receptors with high dose also beta receptors
3) after IV administration causes increase of blood pressure and bradycardia
NORETHINDRONE: progestins/estrane; oral contraception
NORETHYNODREL: progestins/estrane;
NORFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; UTI
1) may be described for a 25 year old man with traveler's diarrhea induced by gram negative bacilli (x2)
2) used to treat a 22 y/o female with UTI caused by E. coli, mechanism of action: inhibition of bacterial topoisomerase II
NORGESTIMATE: progestins/gonanes;
NORTRIPTYLINE: TCA;
NYSTATIN: polyene antibiotic; antifungal; superficial candida
2) used for candica infections
OCTREOTIDE: somatostatin; acromegaly, cancers

1) useful in treatment of acromegaly
OFLOXACIN: floroquinolone; bacterial diarrhea, intra-abdominal infections, infections of urinary tract, prostate, bone and
joints, skin and eye, anthrax exposure
OLANZAPINE: atypical antipsychotic; bipolar
OLOPATADINE: opthalmic antihistamine; allergic conjunctivitis
OMALIZUMAB: Ig antagonist; asthma
OMEPRAZOLE: PPI; peptic ulcer disease, GERD, dyspepsia, heartburn, Zollinger Ellison
ONDANSETRON: 5HT3 antagonist; antiemetic; chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
OSELTAMIVIR: influenza
1) used to treat 58 year old male with flu infection caused by influenza A, mechanism: preventing virion release and spread
OXACILLIN: penicillinase-resistant; osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, skin/soft tissue
OXALIPLATIN: platinum compound/DNA alkylator; colon cancer
OXAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; anxiety
OXYBUTYNIN: M antagonist; overactive bladder
OXYCARBAZEPINE: partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic;
OXYCODONE: strong opioid agonist; moderate pain
OXYMETAZOLINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; nasal/ocular decongestion
OXYTOCIN: hormone; induce labor, prevent postpartum uterine hemorrhage, stimulate milk let down
PACLITAXEL: mitotic inhibitor; breast and ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer
PALIPERIDONE: atypical antipsychotic;
PALIVIZUMAB: monoclonal antibody immunomodulator; RSV prevention in infants
PALONOSETRON: 5HT3 antagonist; antiemetic; chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
PAMIDRONATE: bisphosphonates; Paget's disease, hypercalcemia
PANCURONIUM: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
PANITUMUMAB: monoclonal antibody; colorectal cancer
PANTOPRAZOLE: PPI; peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger Ellison
PAROMOMYCIN: lumen/tissue protozoa; amebiasis
PAROXETINE: SSRI;
PEGFILGRASTIM: hematopoietic growth factor; neutropenia
PEGVISOMANT: GH; acromegaly
PEMETREXED: folate antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer
PENCICLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; herpes labialis
PENICILLAMINE: DMARD; RA
PENICILLIN G: narrow-spectrum; syphilis; endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia
1) drug of choice in the treatment of Treponema pallidum.
PENICILLIN V: narrow-spectrum; pharyngitis
PENTAMIDINE: blood/tissue protozoa; trypanosomiasis (early)
PENTAZOCINE: mixed opioid agonist-antagonist; preanesthesia, surgical anesthesia
PENTOBARBITAL: barbiturate/CNS depressant; insomnia
PERINDOPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
PERGOLIDE*:
PERMETHRIN: helminth/ectoparasite; head lice, crabs, scabies (mites)
PHENCYCLIDINE: hallucinogen;
PHENELZINE: MAO inhibitor; migraine prevention
PHENOBARBITAL: barbiturate; partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic, status epilepticus
PHENOTHIAZINE*:
PHENOXYBENZAMINE: NS alpha blocker; HTN in pheochromocytoma
PHENTERMINE: CNS stimulant; anorectic for obesity
PHENTOLAMINE: NS alpha blocker; HTN in pheochromocytoma, necrosis/ischemia post alpha agonist injection
1) is a nonselective alpha blocker that decreases peripheral vascular resistance
PHENYLEPHRINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; nasal/ocular decongestion, mydriasis, BP, shock
1) used as a topical nasal or ocular decongestant
2) activates alpha receptors
PHENYTOIN: partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic;
1) may reduce folate levels and increase the risk of birth defects when used during pregnancy
2) side effects: gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, hirsutism
PHYSOSTIGMINE: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; glaucoma, antimuscarinic antidote
1) antidote: atropine (x2)
2) long acting agent used for the treatment of glaucoma
PILCAMYCIN: cytotoxic antibiotic; hypercalcemia, hypercalcuria, Paget's disease
PILOCARPINE: Direct Ach agonist; glaucoma, xerostomia
1) decreases intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients because it has clinically useful mitotic activity
PINDOLOL: NS beta blocker; HTN, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No asthma/AA, angina, MI
PIOGLITAZONE: thiazolidinediones; type 2 diabetes
PIPERACILLIN: extended-spectrum; intra-abdominal, skin/soft tissue, pneumonia
1) mechanism of bacterial resistance change in PBP5. (x2)
PIRBUTEROL: Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
PIRENZEPINE: M antagonist; peptic ulcers
PIROXICAM: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; anti-inflammatory, RA
POLYCARBOPHIL: antidiarrheal/locally acting
POLYMYXIN B: antibacterial; superficial skin and mucous membrane infections
POSACONAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; aspergillosis, candidiasis
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE*:
1) contraindicated for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilation
POTASSIUM IODIDE: antithyroid; acute thyrotoxicosis, pre-thyroid surgery, following RAI
1) should be used before surgery days of the thyroid gland for 10-14 (x2)
2) used to reduce size of thyroid gland prior to surgery
PRALIDOXIME*:
1) can counteract the effects of organophosphate compound such as isofluorophate (x2)
2) is the antidote for acetylcholinesterase
PRAMIPEXOLE: dopamine agonist; Parkinson's
PRAMLINTIDE: amylin analogue; type 1 and 2 diabetes
PRASUGREL: antiplatelet; stroke prophylaxis
PRAVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
PRAZIQUANTEL: helminth/trematode and cestode; schistosomiasis, chinese river fluke, lung fluke, beef/pork/dog/dwarf/fish
tapeworm,
1) most likely to be effective in diseases caused by cestodes and trematodes
2) drug of choice for treatment of schistosomas
PRAZOSIN: S alpha blocker; hypertension, urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
PREDNISOLONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, intermed acting, cancer, inflammation,
allergy, autoimmune disorders
PREDNISONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid/immunomodulator/DMARD; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, MS, ALL, breast
cancer, CLL, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloma, prevent transplant rejection and host-versus-host disease,
river blindness, (salt 0.7, anti-inf 3.5), intermed acting, converted to PREDNISOLONE, inflammation, allergy, autoimmune
disorders, RA
1) side effects: muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, peptic ulcer disease (x2)
PREGABALIN: adjunct for partial seizures;
PRILOCAINE: amide anesthetic; infiltration anesthesia, dermal topical
PRIMAQUINE: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
1) best treatment against the extraerythrocytic form of P. vivax.
2) is used to eliminate the hepatic forms of Plasmodium vivax
PRIMIDONE: partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic;
PROBENECID: prevent gout;
PROCAINAMIDE: IA Sodium CB; V arrhythmias
PROCAINE: ester anesthetic; infiltration, nerve block, spinal anesthesia
PROCHLORPERAZINE: migraine cessation
PROGESTERONE: progestins; dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, uterine bleeding
PROMETHAZINE: H1 antagonist/antiemetic; 1st gen antihistamine; H sedative, H antiemetic, H anticholinergic, nausea and
vomiting
PROPAFENONE: IC Sodium CB; V/SV arrhythmias
PROPARACAINE: ester anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
PROPOFOL: IV anesthetic;
PROPOXYPHENE: moderate opioid agonist; mild to moderate pain
PROPRANOLOL: NS beta blocker/II Sodium CB/nonsedating anxiolytic; HTN, angina pectoris, V/SV arrhythmias, acute MI,
pheochromocytoma, etc.,(angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), no asthma/AA, situational or performance anxiety, thyroid
storm, migraine prevention
1) can inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. (x2)
2) decreases cardiac muscle contractility
3) administered to minimize nitroglycerin associated tachycardia
4) pretreatment will block norepinephrine induced bradycardia
6) can be used for treatment of pheochromocytoma
7) will most likely reduce mortality when used in heart failure
8) used to reduce the heart rate after IV infusion of Dopamine
9) used to manage a supraventricular arrhythmia in a 45 year old patient with hyperthyroidism
10) decreases renin secretion, decreases cardiac output, does not cause orthostatic hypertension
PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU): thioamide; Graves disease
1) can inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. (x2)
PROSTACYCLIN/PGI2*:
PROSTYGMINE - NEOSTYGMINE
1) indirect activation of nicotinic receptors
1) should be taken by patients suffering from gastric ulcer
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE: adreno agonist; nasal decongestion
PSYLLIUM: constipation/bulk forming laxative;
1) increasing fluid volume by retaining water which stimulates peristalsis.
PYRANTEL PAMOATE: helminth/nematode;
1) produces spastic neuromuscular paralysis of the worms by depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
PYRAZINAMIDE: antimycobacterial; TB
1) most effective against semidormant bacilli
2) adverse effect: hyperuricemia
PYRIDOSTIGMINE: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Myasthenia Gravis, curariform antidote
PYRIDOXINE VITAMIN B6
PYRIMETHAMINE WITH SULFADOXINE: blood/tissue protozoa; malaria
1) reduces the rate of malaria relapse
QUETIAPINE: atypical antipsychotic;

QUINAPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
QUINIDINE: IA Sodium CB; V/SV arrhythmias
QUININE*:
1) overdose may cause blindness
QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN: 50S; infections due to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.
RABEPRAZOLE: PPI; peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger Ellison

RALOXIFENE: antiestrogen/SERM; osteoporosis prevention, reduces bone resorption
1) stimulates estrogen receptors in bone
2) estrogen agonist and antagonist
RALTEGRAVIR: integrase strand transfer inhibitor; HIV
1) competitive inhibitor of HIV integrase
RAMELTEON: sedative-hypnotic; sleep onset insomnia
RAMIPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
1) produces incessant cough in patient with diabetes and hypertension
RANITIDINE: H2 antagonist; peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, GERD
RANOLAZINE: metabolic modifier; angina
RASAGILINE: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
REMIFENTANIL: IV anesthetic/strong opioid agonist; analgesia, respiratory depression, surgical anesthesia
REPAGLINIDE: meglitinide; postprandial glycemia
1) oral antidiabetic drug intended to be taken before each meal to control postprandial glycemia (x2)
RESERPINE*:
1) causes severe depressive disorder when used in the treatment of hypertensive patients
RETEPLASE: fibrinolytic; pulmonary embolism, STEMI, acute stroke
RIBAVIRIN: guanosine analogue; broad spectrum RNA/DNA viruses
RIFABUTIN: antimycobacterial; M. avium-intracellulare infection, TB
RIFAMPIN/RIFAMPICIN: antimycobacterial; TB, leprosy
1) side effect: red-orange body secretions (x2)
2) can be used for prophylaxis if mycobacterium strains are resistant to isoniazid (x2)
3) appropriate for M. tuberculosis therapy after initial treatment with three drugs for two months
5) effects: causes an orange discoloration in soft contact lenses, has a bacteriocidal action, is effective in leprosy, may
provoke influenze like syndrome
6) most effective against semidormant bacilli
7) side effect: influenza like symptoms
RIFAPENTINE: antimycobacterial; TB
RIFAXIMIN: antibacterial; traveler's diarrhea, no pregnant
RILUZOLE: ALS
RIMANTADINE: influenza
RISEDRONATE: bisphosphonates; osteoporosis, Paget's disease
RISPERIDONE: atypical antipsychotic; bipolar
1) blocks 5HT2 receptor
RITODRINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist; premature labor
RITONAVIR: protease inhibitor; HIV
RITUXIMAB: monoclonal antibody; B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
RIVASTIGMINE: Rev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; Alzheimer's
RIZATRIPTAN: HT5 agonist; migraine cessation
ROPINIROLE: dopamine agonist; Parkinson's
ROCURONIUM: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
ROPIVACAINE: amide anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
ROSIGLITAZONE: thiazolidinediones; type 2 diabetes
ROSUVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
ROTIGOTINE: dopamine agonist; Parkinson's
SALBUTAMOL - ALBUTEROL
SALMETEROL: Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, emphysema
SAQUINAVIR: protease inhibitor; HIV
SARGRAMOSTIM: hematopoietic growth factor; neutropenia, myeloid cell recovery
1) used to treat neutropenia associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer
SCOPOLAMINE: M antagonist; motion sickness
1) antiemetic used to prevent motion sickness
SELEGILINE: MAO inhibitor; increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
1) selective MAO type A inhibitor (only in large doses)
2) MOA-B inhibitor
SENNA*:
1) stimulant laxative
SERMORELIN: GHRH; test for growth hormone deficiency
SERTRALINE: SSRI;
SEVOFLURANE: inhalational halogenated anesthetic;
SIBUTRAMINE: CNS stimulant; anorectic for obesity
SILDENAFIL (VIAGRA): Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; erection dysfunction
SILVER NITRATE*:
1) used for treatment of conjunctivitis as an opthalmic solution
2) used in opthalmic solution in neonates to prevent gonococcal infection of eye
SIMVASTATIN: statin; hyperlipidemia
SIROLIMUS: microbial immunomodulator; organ transplants, drug-releasing stents
SITAGLIPTIN: incretin mimetic; type 2 diabetes
SODIUM FLUORIDE: strengthen tooth enamel, osteoporosis
SODIUM IODIDE I-131: antithyroid; radioactive idodine, used after RAI treatment, no pregnant
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE*:
1) best choice of treatment of HTN of 25 y/o woman with BP 200/120 with headache and nausea
2) used to treat hypertensive crisis (x2)
SOLIFENACIN: M antagonist; overactive bladder
SOMATOTROPIN: GH; growth disorders
SOMATREM: GH; growth disorders
SORAFENIB: protein kinase inhibitor; renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma
SOTALOL: III Sodium CB; V/A arrhythmias
SPECTINOMYCIN: aminoglycosides/30S; N. gonorrhea
SPIRAMYCIN: blood/tissue protozoa; toxoplasmosis
SPIRONOLACTONE: K-sparing diuretic/corticosteroid receptor antagonist; HTN, heart failure, cirrhosis, CHF,
hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema
1) blocks the entry of sodium into epithelial cells, is used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism, is a potassium
sparing diuretic, reduces mortality in patients with CHF
STAVUDINE: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
STREPTOKINASE*: anticoagulant
1) forms the complex with endogenous of inactive plasminogen
2) bleeding that it induces can be stopped by aminocaproic acid
3) antidote: aminocaproid acid
4) combines with plasminogen to form activator complex
STREPTOMYCIN: antimycobacterial/aminoglycosides/30S; plague, tularemia, drug resistant TB
STREPTOZOCIN: nitrosourea drug/DNA alkylator; carcinoid tumor, pancreatic islet cell tumor
STRONTIUM RANELATE: osteoporosis
SUCCINYLCHOLINE: Depol. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation, intubation
1) its pharmacological effect is increased by acetylcholine
SUCRALFATE: cytoprotective drug; peptic ulcer disease
1) when prescribed alnog with aluminum/magnesium hydroxide, does not cure duodenal ulcer
SUFENTANIL: IV anesthetic/strong opioid agonist; surgical anesthesia
SULBACTAM: beta-lactamase inhibitor; given along with ampicillin
SULFACETIMIDE: antifolate; ocular infections
SULFADIAZINE: antifolate; burn and skin infections
SULFADOXINE*:
1) is combined with pyrimethamine to produce antimalairal action by sequential blockade of folic acid biosynthesis in senstive
Plasmodium strains
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE: antifolate;
SULFASALAZINE: DMARD; RA
SULFINPYRAZONE: prevent gout;
SULFISOXAZOLE: antifolate;
SULINDAC: nonselective COX inhibitor/NSAID; RA, adenomas in polyp disease
SUMATRIPTAN: HT5 agonist; migraine cessation
SUNITINIB: protein kinase inhibitor; renal cell carcinoma, GI stromal tumor
SURAMIN: blood/tissue protozoa; trypanosomiasis
TACRINE: Alzheimer's
TACROLIMUS: microbial immunomodulator; organ transplants, drug-releasing stents
TADALAFIL: Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; erection dysfunction
TAMOXIFEN: estrogen/estrogen antagonist; breast cancer
TAMSULOSIN: S alpha blocker; urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
1) rapidly alleviates the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy
TAZOBACTAM: beta-lactamase inhibitor; given along with piperacillin
TELITHROMYCIN: macrolide/ketolide/50S; community-acquired pneumonia (pneumococci/Legionella/chlamydiae)
TELMISARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM), no pregnant
TEMAZEPAM: benzodiazepine; insomnia
TEMSIROLIMUS: antineoplastic mTOR inhibitor; renal cell carcinoma
TENECTEPLASE: fibrinolytic; pulmonary embolism, STEMI, acute stroke
TENIPOSIDE: DNA topoisomerase inhibitor; ALL, AML
TENOFOVIR: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
TERAZOSIN: S alpha blocker; hypertension, urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
TERBINAFINE: allylamine; antifungal; dermatophyte infections
1) used for dermatophyte nail infections
TERBUTALINE: Noncatech. adreno agonist/selective B2 agonist; bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
1) reduces peripheral vascular resistance by stimulating the peripheral receptor
2) effects: reduce pulmonary airway resistance, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, increased blood flow in skeletal muscle (x2)
3) can cause bronchodilation in a 55 year old man with COPD
4) effective in reversing an acute asthmatic episode
TERIPARATIDE: PTH; increases bone formation
TESTOSTERONE: androgen; hypogonadism
TETRACAINE: ester anesthetic; epidural, infiltration, nerve block anesthesia
TETRACYCLINE: tetracycline/30S; Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, granuloma inguinale, brucellosis,
cholera, relapsing fever, H. pylori, chlamydial urethritis, acne, MRSA, balantidiasis, ricketts
1) side effects: staining of teeth, phototoxicity, serious growth retardation in children, bitter taste
THALIDOMIDE: immunomodulator/antimycobacterial; cancer, canker sores, TB, leprosy, erythema nodosum leprosum,
cachexia, leprosy
THEOPHYLLINE: bronchodilator; asthma, COPD
1) can cause bronchodilation in a 55 year old man with COPD
2) bronchodilating activity results from calcium channel blockade within bronchial smooth muscles
3) may cause tachycardia, competitive antagonism of adenosine receptors, smooth muscle relaxation, increase of central
respiratory drive
4) has weak anti-inflammatory actions, blocks adenosine receptors
THIABENDAZOLE: helminth/nematode;
THIOGUANINE: purine antagonist/DNA synthesis inhibitor; AML, ALL, CML
THIOPENTAL: barbiturate/IV anesthetic; induction of anesthesia
THIORIDAZINE: typical antipsychotic;
THIOTHIXENE: typical antipsychotic;
TIAGABINE: adjunct for partial seizures;
TICARCILLIN: extended-spectrum; intra-abdominal, skin/soft tissue, pneumonia
TICLOPIDINE: antiplatelet; stroke prophylaxis
TIGECYCLINE: tetracycline/30S; Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, granuloma inguinale, brucellosis,
cholera, relapsing fever, H. pylori, chlamydial urethritis, acne, MRSA
TILUDRONATE: bisphosphonates; osteoporosis, Paget's disease
TIMOLOL: NS beta blocker; HTN, acute MI, migraine headache, glaucoma, (angina/MI/CHF/DM/BPH/migraine), No
asthma/AA, angina, migraine prevention
1) used for glaucoma treatment (x2)
TINIDAZOLE: lumen/tissue protozoa; amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis
1) effective in therapy of patient with amebic liver disease
TINZAPARIN: anticoagulant LWMH; acute/surgical/long term VT, unstable angina
TIOTROPIIUM: bronchodilator/M antagonist; COPD
1) bronchodilator primary used to treat patients with COPD
TIROFIBAN: antiplatelet; unstable angina
TIZANDINE: MS
TOBRAMYCIN: aminoglycosides/30S; aerobic Gram (-)
TOCAINIDE: IB Sodium CB; V arrhythmia
TOLCAPONE: increases dopamine levels; Parkinson's
TOLNAFTATE: thiocarbamate/antifungal; dermatophyte infections
TOLTERODINE: M antagonist; overactive bladder
1) has selective action on the urinary bladder and is used to reduce overactive bladder
TOPIRAMATE: adjunct for partial seizures;
TOPOTECAN: DNA topoisomerase inhibitor; lung and ovarian cancer
TORSEMIDE: loop diuretic; heart failure, cirrhosis, CHF, hypercalcemia, HTN, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, renal
impairment
I-TOSITUMOMAB: monoclonal antibody; B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
TRAMADOL: opioid agonist/SNRI; moderate pain, chronic pain, migraine cessation
TRANDOLAPRIL: ACE inhibitor; (65/AA/MI/CHF/stroke/kidney/DM/Asthma), no pregnant, heart failure
TRANYLCYPOMINE: MAO inhibitor;
TRASTUZUMAB: monoclonal antibody; breast cancer
TRAVOPROST: prostaglandin drug; open angle glaucoma, ocular HTN
TRAZODONE: antidepressant;
TREPROSTINIL: prostaglandin drug; pulmonary arterial HTN
TRIAMCINOLONE: anti inflammatory/glucocorticoid; asthma, allergic rhinitis, COPD, (salt 0, anti-inf 5), intermed acting,
cancer, inflammation, allergy, autoimmune disorders, medium potency topical
TRIAMTERENE: K-sparing diuretic; HTN, cirrhosis, CHF, hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary
edema
TRIAZOLAM: benzodiazepine; insomnia
TRICLABENDAZOLE: trematode; sheep liver fluke
TRIFLUOPERAZINE: typical antipsychotic;
1) associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
TRIFLURIDINE: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; herpetic keratoconjunctivitis
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL: cholinergic antagonist; Parkinson's
TRIMETHAPHAN: N antagonist (ganglionic); hypertensive emergency (x2)
1) used to treat hypertensive crisis
TRIMETHOPRIM: antifolate;
TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE (CO-TRIMOXAZOLE): antifolate; urinary tract and prostate infections, pulmonary
infections
1) drug of choice for treatment of infection caused by Pneumocystis carini (jirovicii)
2) used to treat infection with: Moracella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pneumocystis carinii, Haemophilus influenzae
3) used to treat 35 year y/o man with sinus infection caused by H. influenzae, mechanism: inhibition of bacterial folic acid
synthesis
4) used for Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) infections
TROPICAMIDE: M antagonist; pupil dilator
TROSPIUM: M antagonist; overactive bladder
TUBOCURARINE: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
VALACYCLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus, herpes genitalis/labialis, shingles

VALPROATE: mood stabilizer; bipolar mania
VALPROID ACID: partial seizures/generalized tonic-clonic, generalized absence/myoclonic/atonic seizures;
VALSARTAN: ARB; (MI/stroke/kidney/DM/), no pregnant
1) can be used with patients with diabetes, can be used with patients with diabetic nephropathy, does not inhibit
bradykinin metabolism, does not inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. (x2)
VANCOMYCIN: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bone and joint, skin/soft tissue, pneumonia, septicemia, endocarditis
1) useful in the treatment of Clostridium difficile (x3)
2) is effect in the oral route to treat infection by C. difiicile, may be combined with aminoglycosides to treat S.
andocarditis, acts by preventing bacterial cell membrane synthesis, is inactivated by metabolism in the kidney
VARDENAFIL: Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; erection dysfunction
VARENICLINE: Partial N agonist; smoking cessation
VASOPRESSIN: hormone; bleeding of esophageal varices or colonic diverticula
VECURONIUM: Nondep. N antagonist; surgical muscle relaxation
VENLAFAXINE: antidepressant;
1) activates CNS transmission by: release of catecholamines NE and 5HT, inhibit reuptake of NE and 5HT, direct activation of
monoanergic neurons, inhibition of reuptake of NE and 5HT and block receptors.
VERAPAMIL: CCB/III Sodium CB; (65/AA/angina/DM/asthma/kidney/migraine), heart rate/output, angina, acute SV
tachycardia, A fibrillation, migraine prevention
1) constipation is the most common side effect, used for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias, contraindicated in
congestive heart failure
4) decreases blood pressure and may be used to treat atrioventricular nodal arrhythmias
VIGABATRIN: adjunct for partial seizures;
VINBLASTINE: mitotic inhibitor; bladder, breast, ovarian and testicular cancer; Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
VINCRISTINE: mitotic inhibitor; ALL, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, myeloma, neuroblastoma,
sarcoma
VINORELBINE: mitotic inhibitor; non-small cell lung cancer
VITAMIN B2: migraine prevention
VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE): coprescribed with isoniazid to prevent ioniazid's toxicity
VITAMIN B12 (CYANOCOBALIN): vitamin; megaloblastic/pernicious anemia, its deficiency, CN poisoning
1) used for management of macrocytic anemia and neurologic abnormalities (x2)
2) deficiency in pernicious anemia causes nerve deterioration due to reduced synthesis of myelin
3) deficiency results in a high serum level of methylmalonic acid and high MCV
VITAMIN K:
1) inhibits the synthesis of Protein C and S
VORICONAZOLE: azole derivative; antifungal; aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, pseudallescheriasis
1) used to treat invasive aspergillus
WARFARIN: anticoagulant; long term VT, heart valve transplant, no pregnant

1) can cause various birth defects when is used in pregnancy
2) Should be taken to avoid thromboembolic events at home by a 60 y/o man with persistent atrial fibrillation (x2)
3) antidote is vitamin K
ZAFIRLUKAST: anti inflammatory/antileukotriene; asthma, COPD

ZALEPLON: sedative-hypnotic; insomnia, mid-sleep awakenings
ZANAMIVIR: influenza
ZILEUTION: anti inflammatory/antileukotriene; asthma, COPD
ZIPRASIDONE: atypical antipsychotic;
ZIDOVUDINE: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV
1) acceptable first line HIV therapy along with lamivudine and nevirapine
ZOLEDRONIC ACID: bisphosphonates; hypercalcemia
ZOLMITRIPTAN: HT5 agonist; migraine cessation
ZOLPIDEM: sedative-hypnotic; insomnia
ZONISAMIDE: adjunct for partial seizures;
ACE inhibitors:
1) commonly used in heart failure
2) characteristic adverse side effects: cough, hypotension, angioedema, taste changes
3) increase hypotensive effects of sympathetic beta-blockers, may cause fetal death/injury during second semester, reverse
left ventricular hypertrophy, particularly useful for high-renin hypertension
adrenergic receptors:
1) stimulation results in B2 relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (x2)
alpha agonists:
alpha 1 blocker
1) may evoke first dose syncope, postural hypotension, abnormal ejaculation
androgenic side effects:

1) weight gain, acne, pubic hair growth, nitrogen retention
anticholinergic:
1)overdose: tachycardia
antimicrobial therapy:
1) adverse effects: inhibition of ethanol metabolism, opportunistic infection with C. difficile/C. Albicans, suppression of normal
flora
benzodiazepines
1) cause sedative and/or anxiolytic effect by facilitating GABA mediated increases in Cl ion conductance
2) pharmacological action: hypnotic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, amnesiacs
beta agonists:
beta blockers:
1) may cause impotency (x2)
2) cause increase leveling in blood glucose
3) lipid soluble may cause sleep alterations (x2)
4) alleviate nervousness in hyperthyroidism
calcium channels:
1) should be blocked in patients with tachycardia
calcium channel blockers:

1) nondihydropiridine CCBs decrease conduction through the AV node
cannabinoids:
1) reveal antiemetic effects
class I B anti arrhythmics:

1) none of the above *
corticosteroid
1) the main and serious concern is adrenal cortex suppression (x2)
dopamine antagonists:
dopamine 2 receptors:
1) blockade increases lower esophageal sphincter tone
estrogens:
1) are synthesized in the ovaries, placenta, peripheral tissue in men and women
estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives:

1) should be used in caution with gallbladder disease
2) has cardioprotective effects, reduces risk of endometrial carcinoma, ameliorates vasomotor symptoms, used in skin patch
fluoroquinolones:
glucocorticoid therapy:
1) indicated for: allergic reactions, secondary insufficiency of adrenal cortex, autoimmune diseases, organ transplants
2) adverse effects: negative nitrogen balance, hyperglycemia, hypocalemia, atrophy of lymphoid tissues
H1 antagonist:
3) may reveal anti emetic effects
4) decrease vessel permeability
5) synthetic form is used for water retention
H2 antagonist:
1) do not reveal antiemetic effects
5HT3 antagonists:
1) reveal antiemetic effects (x2)
5HT4 antagonists:
incretins:
1) directly stimulate insulin secretion, are hormones produced by epthelium of GI in response to food, inhibit
gluconeogenesis, inhibit glucagoc secretion.
Insulin:
1) speed of action: aspart > regular > isophane > glargine (A-RIG)
interferon:
1) indicated in first line therapy for patients with chronic Hep B/C infection, MS, hairy cell leukemia
iron:
1) stored in intestinal muscosal cells is complexed to ferritin (x2)
leukotrine antagonists:
1) inhibit mucus secretion and microvascular storage, reduces exacerbation of asthma, prevents exercise induced asthma,
used in mild asthma
macrolides
2) will not produce teratogenic or toxic effects in pregnant patients
muscarinic receptors:
1) activation in bronchial smooth muscle is associated with increase in IP3 and DAC
muscarinic antagonists:
1) reveal antiemetic effects (x2)
Na/K ATPase inhibitors:

nitrovasodilators:
1) generate nitric oxide, increase cGMP, similar to EDRF, increase oxygen supply to the heart
non-selective COX inhibitors:

1) Reye's syndrome is an adverse reaction
non-selective beta agonists:

1) cause: bronchodilation, increases cardiac rate, uterine relaxation, vasodilation
NSAIDs:
1) effects: analgesia, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelets
opioids:
1) are used therapeutically as all of the following: analgesics, antidiarrheals, sedatives, premedicant drugs
2) no receptors present in vomiting center, CTZ, or vestibular apparatus
oral contraceptives/mini pills:

1) contraindicated in women with: suspected pregnancy, abnormal bleeding, past history of thrombophlebitis, gallstones,
coronary artery disease (x3)
2) inhibits gonadotropin release, produces changes in the fallopian tube, uterus and cervix, oten contains ethinylestradiol,
and are contraindicated in pregnancy
parasympatheticomimetics: (Cholinergic agonists)

1) can be applied in the therapy of: Alzheimer's, atropine overdoese, glaucoma, pancuronium overdose, myasthenia gravis
progestins:
1) maintenance of pregnancy, altered carbohydrate metabolism, increased LDL and decreased HDL levels, increased basal
body temperature in luteal phase
proton pump inhibitors:

1) applied in treatment of Zolliger-Ellison syndrome
salicylates:
1) intoxication causes: hyperventilation, vomiting, bleeding, acidosis, tinnitus, fever
sulfonylureas:
1) useful in treating NIDDM (II), stimulate insulin release from beta cells of Beta islets, used chronically sensitize peripheral
tissues to insulin, can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect
sulphonamides:
tetracyclines:
thiazide diuretics:
tricyclic antidepressants:
1) therapeutic effect may be induced by: down regulation of 5HT2 receptor, increase serotonergic transmission, increase
noradrenergic transmission, down regulation of alpha1 receptor
2) has the most significant effect on short and long term memory in the elderly
tardive dyskinesia:
1) symptoms may be temporarily alleviated by increasing the dose of the dopamine receptor blocking agent (x2)
2) it is a late ocurring syndrome of abnormal choreoarhteroid movements, its severity can be alleviated by increasing the
antipsychotic drug dose, incidence is less with atypical antipsychotics, there is no established treatment

Pharm Drugs + Classes (All)

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PHARM MASTER STUDY SHEET

ABACAVIR: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HIV

BACITRACIN: bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor; skin and eye

CABERGOLINE: dopamine agonist; acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, prolactin secreting adenomas, Parkinson's

DACARBAZINE: DNA alkylator; Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, sarcoma

ECHOTHIOPHATE: Irrev. Cholinesterase inhibitor; glaucoma, accommodative esotropia

FAMCICLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus; herpes genitales/labialis, shingles

GABAPENTIN: adjunct for partial seizures; ALS, migraine prevention

HALOPERIDOL: typical antipsychotic; Tourette's, Huntington's, PCP OD

IBANDRONATE: bisphosphonates; osteoporosis

KETAMINE: IV anesthetic; analgesia, postanesthetic delirium hallucinations

LABETALOL: alpha/beta blocker; HTN (Pregnant)

MAGNESIUM OXIDE AND SODIUM PHOSPHATE: constipation

NABILONE: psychoactive; chemotherapy nausea, appetite stimulation

OCTREOTIDE: somatostatin; acromegaly, cancers

QUETIAPINE: atypical antipsychotic;

RABEPRAZOLE: PPI; peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger Ellison

VALACYCLOVIR: nucleoside analogue; herpesvirus, herpes genitalis/labialis, shingles

WARFARIN: anticoagulant; long term VT, heart valve transplant, no pregnant

ZAFIRLUKAST: anti inflammatory/antileukotriene; asthma, COPD

androgenic side effects:

calcium channel blockers:

class I B anti arrhythmics:

estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives:

Na/K ATPase inhibitors:

non-selective COX inhibitors:

non-selective beta agonists:

oral contraceptives/mini pills:

parasympatheticomimetics: (Cholinergic agonists)

proton pump inhibitors:

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