CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Sample

Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents of this study because it

was the most appropriate sampling design. The main goal of purposive sampling is to

focus on particular characteristics of a population that are of interest (Laerd dissertation,

2012). This allows the researcher to answer the questions probed in the study.

Specifically, the researcher chose the seventh grade class of Aura de Laurentus Business

High School as respondents of this study.

B. Research Instruments

The researcher utilized a questionnaire consisting of three parts: personal data,

Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale, and the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS). The Rosenbergs Self-

Esteem Scale comprised of ten items, which measured global self-worth by considering

both positive and negative feelings about the self. The statements in this scale were

answered using a 4-point Likert scale, which ranged from strongly agree to strongly

disagree. The Illinois Bully Scale had eighteen items with three subscales, which

measured the frequency of fighting, peer victimization, and bullying behavior. Five items

belonged in the fight scale, while four items were under the victim subscale. Lastly, the

bully subscale was made up of nine items.

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C. Research Procedures

1. A letter requesting permission to conduct this study was sent to the high school

principal of Aura de Laurentus Business High School.

2. Upon approval, the researcher administered the questionnaires to the selected

respondents.

3. The results of the tests were then recorded, analyzed, interpreted, and evaluated

using statistical tools.

4. Lastly, a final copy of the study was presented to the adviser/teacher for

necessary corrections, evaluations, and recommendations.

D. Statistical Techniques

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution. This was used to get a quantitative

analysis of the respondents self-esteem levels and bully/victim levels. It was also used to

display data that specified the percentage of observations that exist for each data point.

Formula:
f
P= 100
N

Where:

P = the percentage (%)

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f = frequency or the number of occurrences

N = number of cases

2. Cramers V Coefficient and Chi-Square Test. These were utilized to determine

the relationship between the respondents self-esteem and bully/victim levels.

Formula:

2
X
V=
N (k 1)

Where:

V = coefficient of the correlation

N = total number of observation

X2 = derived from Chi-Square test

k = number of columns

E. Scoring and Interpretation

The self-esteem levels were determined by first giving the necessary points to the

respondents answers. For items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7, responses of strongly agree equaled to

three points, agree was equivalent to two points, disagree was one point, and strongly

disagree was equal to zero point. However, items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10 were reversed.

Strongly agree was equivalent to zero, agree was one point, disagree was equal to two

point, and strongly disagree gave the respondent three points. All points are then to be
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added up. The scores of the Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale spans from 0 to 30. Scores

below 15 suggest low self-esteem, while scores ranging from 15 to 25 are within normal

range. A score of 26 and above indicates high self-esteem.

Likewise, scores in the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS) were obtained by first assigning

the number of points to each response. The answer never was equivalent to zero, 1-2

times equaled to one point, and while 3-4 times was two points. 5-6 times gave the

respondent three points, and finally, 7 or more times corresponded to four points. Items 1,

2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 reveals the respondents bully subscale score. On the other

hand, the victim subscale score is acquired by adding points of items 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Lastly, items 3, 10, 11, 12, and 13 shows the fight subscale score. When all the points are

combined, this represents the respondents total IBS score.

The interpretation of IBS scores were divided in four categories: not involved,

mild bully/victim, moderate bully/victim, and severe bully/victim. For the bully subscale,

scores 0 to 6 was considered not involved, 7 to 16 was mild bully, 17 to 26 was moderate

bully, and 27 to 36 was severe bully. Under the victim subscale, scores 0 to 4 was in the

not involved category, 5 to 8 was mild victim, 9 to 12 was moderate victim, and 13 to 16

was severe victim. As for the fight subscale, 0 to 5 scores indicated no involvement, 6 to

10 was mild bully, 11 to 15 was moderate bully, and 16 to 20 was severe bully. Finally,

total IBS scores of 0 to 18 was considered not involved, 19 to 36 was mild bully/victim,

37 to 53 was moderate bully/victim, and lastly, 55 to 72 was severe bully/victim.