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    tensor

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    9 views4 pages

    Enotes Af6 NS Tensor

    Uploaded by

    Anand Selveindran
    tensor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4
    ME 563 - Intermediate Fluid Dynamics - Su b Lecture 17 - The Navier-Stokes equations: velocity gradient tensor Reading: Acheson, §6.1, 62 Up to now we've discussed the Euler equations that describe the motion of ideal @uids, and the Navier-Stokes equations for viscous, incompressible fuids, without really explaining where they came from. In fact the Navier-Stokes equations in particular took a while to be ‘finalized,’ and there are some important assumptions inherent in them. We're going to take some time to develop Navier-Stokes equations from the ground up. The discussion will not follow the book directly, but the notes and the text are intended to complement each other. ‘Near the beginning of the course we introduced the velocity gradient tensor, Vu - ae vu- 4 (B BB a Oa a g ‘At the time we mentioned this because i turns out the velocity gracient tensor is central to lecture we wil deus the phrsial implications of Va 1 Deformation, strain, and rotation [As we've seen (and a yout reeall fem your introductory fds class), in a parallel flow of 2 Newto- nian fluid, the velocity gradient normal to the flow direction is directly proportional to the imposed sheer stress. That i, if the velocity is u = u(y)éo, the shear stress r = u(du/dy), where the ‘Proportionality constant 1 we've called the dynamic viscosity. Figure 1 illustrates this for the case of a flow between two parallel plates. evans nia Figure 1: Shear stress in a parallel ow. ci, yn, AR in this example, the ‘deformation’ takes the form of ‘shear du/dy. What about the more general case of non-parallel flow? For simplicity, we'll talk first about two-dimensional flow, where the velocity field is u(z,1) = u(z,y)éz +v(z,y)éy, and the velocity gradient tensor is A priori we might cxpcct that the of diagonal terms of Vu, 6v/@r and @u/@y, deseribe the shear stress, in analogy with the parallel flow case, but it’s not quite so simple. Consider a two-dimensional fluid element, with infinitesimal side lengths de dy (Fig. 2a), in 1 on Aenea) ered ot od 4.3

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