Elements of Statistics

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Unit 3 Problem Set NAME: Elements of Statistics--FHSU Virtual
College--Spring 2017

REMEMBER, these are assessed preparatory problems related to the

content of Unit 3. The Unit 3 Exam will consist of similar types of

problems, but not exactly the same. Thus, make sure you are thinking
about the concepts and procedures you studied in this unit versus

simply copying the process of an example problem. Also, take time

to examine the complete objective list in the Unit 3 Review
document.

Listed out to the left of the spreadsheet are text chapter separators if
you find yourself needing some direction to a related resource. All

answers should be calculated, as needed, within this Excel sheet, and

final concluding answers given directly below or to the right of the

problem. Please make your answers are easily found--for example use
a different color or type of font. No numerical answer resulting

from a calculation will be accepted unless the process is performed in

Excel and formulas/calculations used are evident when the

cell is selected.

Also, note that the templates for hypothesis testing provided in the
Excel Guides for this unit are also given in the next worksheet in this

document--see folder tabs at the bottom of the sheet. You may use
these templates by copying from the second worksheet, pasting the
copy to the right of the associated problem, then changing values as
needed.

Problems related to text's Chapter 7:

1. Assume you need to build a confidence interval for a population

mean within some given situation. Naturally, you must determine
whether

you should use either the t-distribution or the z-distribution or

possibly even neither based upon the information known/collected in
the

situation. Thus, based upon the information provided for each

situation below, determine which (t-, z- or neither) distribution is
appropriate.

Then if you can use either a t- or z- distribution, give the associated

critical value (critical t- or z- score) from that distribution to reach the
given

confidence level.

a. 99% confidence

n=75

Appropriate distribution:

Associated critical value: known population data believed to be very

skewed d. 95% confidence

n=8

Appropriate distribution:

Associated critical value: known population data believed to be very

skewed c. 90% confidence

n=73
Appropriate distribution:

Associated critical value: unknown population data believed to be

skewed e. 99% confidence

n=10

Appropriate distribution:

Associated critical value: unknown population data believed to be

normally distributed 2. The data below shows the birth weights (in
kilograms) of thirty randomly chosen male babies born in Hays
Medical in past year. It is also known that the

population standard deviation of birth weights for all male babies

born is 0.0731 kg (based on data from the New York State
Department of Health). 3.73

3.96

2.55 4.37

2.21

3.44 3.73

2.67

3.07 4.33

4.09

4.23 3.3

3.02

2.92 3.39

2.76

3.55 3.68
3.67

3.92 4.68

3.76

3.41 3.72

3.45

4.14 a. How do you know that you will need to construct the
confidence interval using a z-distribution approach as opposed to a
tdistribution? We want to construct the mean value confidence
interval for all Hays male babies' birth weights with a 99% confidence
level.

b. Determine the best point estimate (average) for the mean birth
weight. c. Determine the critical z-value(s) associated with the 99%
confidence level. d. Determine the margin of error. e. Determine the
confidence interval. f. In a sentence, interpret the contextual meaning
of your result to part e above...that is relate the values to this situation
regarding

the mean birth weights of all Hays male babies born. 3.02

2.54

3.15 3. Determine the two chi-squared (2) critical values for the
following confidence levels and sample sizes.

a. 98% and n=25 b. 90% and n=60 4. We are also interested in

estimating the population standard deviation for all male babies birth
weights (in kilograms). We will assume that

birth weights are at least approximately normally distributed. Below

are the birth weights of 30 randomly chosen male babies from Hays

Medical. 3.73

3.96
2.55 4.37

2.21

3.44 3.73

2.67

3.07 4.33

4.09

4.23 3.3

3.02

2.92 3.39

2.76

3.55 3.68

3.67

3.92 4.68

3.76

3.41 3.72

3.45

4.14 Out to the right, construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of

sigma (), the population standard deviation. Problems related to
text's Chapter 8:

5. (Multiple Choice) A hypothesis test is used to test a claim. On a

right-tailed hypothesis test with a 1.39 critical value, the collected
sample's
test statistic is calculated to be 1.41. Which of the following is the
correct decision statement for the test? A. Fail to reject the null
hypothesis

B. Reject the null hypothesis

C. Claim the alternative hypothesis is true

D. Claim the null hypothesis is false 6. (Multiple Choice) A

hypothesis test is used to test a claim. A P-value of 0.001 is calculated
on the hypothesis test with a significance level set at 0.01. Which of
the following is the correct decision statement for the test?

A. Claim the null hypothesis is true

B. Claim the alternative hypothesis is false

C. Reject the null hypothesis

D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis 7. (Multiple Answers) Which of

the following is not a requirement for using the t-distribution for a
hypothesis test concerning .

A. Sample is a simple random sample

B. The population is normally distributed

C. The population standard deviation is known

D. The sample size is greater than 30

8. A report by the NCAA states that 57.5% of football injuries occur

during practices. A head trainer claims that this is too high for his
conference,

so he randomly selects 36 injuries and finds that 18 occurred during

practices.

a. Is the above information sufficient for you to be completely agree

with the head trainer, that the percentage of football injuries
occur during practices is less than 57.5%? Why or why not? b. In
establishing a statistical hypothesis testing of this situation, give the
required null and alternative hypotheses for such a test, if it

is desired that the percentage of football injuries occur during

practices is less than 57.5%.

H0:

H1: c. Based on your answer in part b, should you use a right-tailed, a

left-tailed, or a two-tailed test? Briefly explain how one determines

which of the three possibilities is to be used. d. Describe the possible

Type I error for this situation--make sure to state the error in terms of
the percent of football injuries occur

during practices. 3.02

2.54

3.15 e. Describe the possible Type II error for this situation--make

sure to state the error in terms of the percent of football injuries occur

during practices. f. Determine the appropriate critical value(s) for this

situation given a 0.05 significance level. g. Determine/calculate the
value of the sample test statistic. h. Detemine the P-value. i. Based
upon your work above, is there statistically sufficient evidence in this
sample to support that less than 57.5% injuries occur

at practice for this conference? Briefly explain your reasoning. 0

9. The mean score on a certain achievement test at the turn of the

century was 73. However, national standards have been implmented
which

may lead to a change in the mean score. A random sample of 48

scores on this exam taken this year yeilded the following data set. At
a
10% significance level, test the claim that the mean of all current test
scores is the same as in 2000.

85

77

74

88

89

66

70

73

76

86

74

73

82

72

82

82

80

76
87

76

77

67

72

49

73

75

82

73

81

30

58

75

72

89

76

18

72

74

60
88

20

99

50

35

78

66

a. Give the null and alternative hypotheses for this test in symbolic
form.

H0:

H1:

b. Determine the value of the test statistic. c. Determine the

appropriate critical value(s). d Detemine the P-value. e. Is there
sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean
achivement score is now is 73, the same as in 2000?

Explain your reasoning. Problem related to text's Chapter 9:

10. Listed below are pretest and posttest scores from a study. Using a
5% significance level, is there statistically sufficient evidence to
support

the claim that the posttest scores were the higher than the pretest
scores? Perform an appropriate hypothesis test showing necessary

statistical evidence to support your final given conclusion.

PreTest

24
11

14

25

17

28

22 PostTest

25

18

16

29

16

29

25 Problems related to text's Chapter 10:

11. Multiple Choice:

For each of the following data sets, choose the most appropriate
response from the choices below the table.

Data Set #1

Data Set #2

y
0.3

3790

-1

-4

0.4

3354

-2

-10

0.5

2986

0.6

2613

0.7

2277

-3

-19

0.8
1765

-10

0.9

1343

-20

1151

-1

-4

1.1

510

A. A strong positive linear relation exists

A. A strong positive linear relation exists

B. A strong negative linear relation exists

B. A strong negative linear relation exists

C. A curvilinear relation exists

C. A curvilinear relation exists

D. No linear relation exists

D. No linear relation exists 12. Give a real life example of two

variables that are likely to be negatively correlated. Specifically
explain why you believe they are negatively

correlated. 13. To answer the following, use the given data set for
lengths (in inches) and corresponding weights (in pounds) of
randomly selected black

bears captured in the backcountry of Colorado

lengths (inches) weights (pounds)

40

65

64

256

65

216

49

94

47

86

59

189

61

202
49

102

a.

Construct a scatterplot for this data set in the region to the right
(length as the independent variable, and weight as the dependent.)

b. Based on the scatterplot, does it look like a linear regression model

is appropriate for this data? Why or why not? c. Add the line-of-best
fit (trend line/linear regression line) to your scatterplot. Give the
equation of the trend line below. Then give

the slope value of the line and explain its meaning to this context. d.
Determine the value of the correlation coefficient. Explain what the
value tells you about the data pairs? e. Does the value of the
correlation coefficient tell you there is or is not statistically significant
evidence that correlation exists

between the length and weight of black bears? Explain your position.
(HINT: application of table A-6 is needed!) f. Based on the above,
what is the best predicted weight of a bear with a length of 45 inches?
Templates for Hypothesis Testing As stated on the practice exam
document, below you will find templates you may use in completing
this

the one you need, copy it to where you are working, and then input
the proper values for the problem yo

related to the labels in red. Single Sample Proportion Test:

Two-tailed Proportion

significance level (alpha)

p=

x=

n= 0.01
0.82

56

73 q=

0.18

p-hat = 0.7671232877

critical values are: -2.575829304 and

test statistic = -1.175933319

P-value = 0.2396215232 2.575829 Single Sample Mean Test (or

difference in matched paired two samp

Two-tailed Mean (sigma known)

significance level (alpha)

x-bar =

mu, =

sigma, =

n= 0.05

24.85

24

25 critical values are: -1.959963985 and

test statistic =

2.125
P-value = 0.0335866129 1.959964 Two-tailed Mean (sigma
unknown)

significance level (alpha)

0.05

x-bar =

110

mu, =

118

s=

12

n=

20

critical values are: -2.093024054 and

test statistic = -2.98142397

P-value = 0.0076706134 2.093024 Single Sample Variance/Standard

Deviation Test

Two-tailed Standard Deviation

significance level (alpha)

n= 0.05

25 s=

= 0.029

0.023 s2 = 0.000841 = 0.000529 2 critical values are: 12.401150217

and
test statistic = 38.155009452

P-value = 0.0668516983 39.36408 Inferences About 2 Proportions

Two-tailed Proportion (w/ two Ind. Samples)

Given info:

From Sample #1 From Sample #2

x=

56

27

n=

843

703

alpha, = 0.05 p-bar = 0.053686934

q-bar = 0.946313066

critical values are: -1.959963985 and 1.959964

test statistic = 2.4341272112

P-value = 0.0149277477 Inferences about 2 Means: Independent

Samples

Two-tailed Mean (w/ two Ind. Samples)

Given info:

From Sample #1 From Sample #2

x-bar =

4.2
1.71

n=

22

22

s=

2.2

0.72

alpha, = 0.05 critical values are: 2.0796138447 and -2.079614

test statistic = 5.0453711835

P-value = 5.38523E-005 find templates you may use in completing

this exam. You will want to highlight

hen input the proper values for the problem you are working on for
quantities One-tailed Proportion

significance level (alpha)

p=

x=

n= 0.01

0.82

56

73 q=

0.18

p-hat = 0.7671232877
Left Tailed

Rt. Tailed

critical value is: -2.326347874 or 2.326348

test statistic = -1.175933319

P-value = 0.1198107616 in matched paired two samples)

One-tailed Mean (sigma known)

significance level (alpha)

0.05

x-bar =

24.85

mu, =

24

sigma, =

n=

25

Left Tailed

Rt. Tailed

critical value is: -1.644853627 or 1.644854

test statistic =

2.125
P-value = 0.0167933064

One-tailed Mean (sigma unknown)

significance level (alpha)

0.05

x-bar =

110

mu, =

118

s=

12

n=

20

Left Tailed

Rt. Tailed

critical value is: -1.729132812 or 1.729133

test statistic = -2.98142397

P-value = 0.0038353067 tion Test

One-tailed Standard Deviation

significance level (alpha)

n= 0.05

25 s=
= 0.029

0.023 s2 = 0.000841 = 0.000529

Left Tailed

Rt. Tailed

critical values are: 13.848425027 or 36.41503

test statistic = 38.155009452

P-value = 0.0334258492

2 One-tailed Proportion (w/ two Ind. Samples)

Given info:

From Sample #1 From Sample #2

x=

50

16

n=

290

123

alpha, = 0.05 p-bar = 0.1598062954

q-bar = 0.8401937046

critical value is: -1.644853627 or 1.644854

test statistic = 1.0736524347

P-value = 0.1414892436 Samples

One-tailed Mean (w/ two Ind. Samples)

Given info:

From Sample #1 From Sample #2

x-bar =

0.94

1.65

n=

21

s=

0.31

0.16

alpha, = 0.05

Right Tail

Left Tail

critical value is: -1.894578605 or 1.894579

test statistic = -8.051464895

P-value = 4.37452E-005