EXAMINATION FOR THE RECUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL SUPERINTENDENTDS FOR

CEYLON ELECTRICAL BOARD

Time 1.5 hours
9th November 1996

1) Give four reasons for the recent Power Crises that occurred in Sri Lanka.
2) What are the methods available for the control of speed of an induction motor?
3) What is meant by Maximum Demand and explain how it is measured? (The explanation should give
the principle behind the measurement)
4) Why is three phase power preferable to other systems?
5) Explain the steps that you would take before disconnecting an ammeter permanently supplied from a
current transformer. Give reasons.
6) Why are high voltage used in transmission of electricity?
7) What the method is as specified in the IEE wiring regulations that is used for earthing distribution
systems in Sri Lanka?
8) What are the different types of prime moves available in thermal power generation?
9) What are the renewable energy sources available for power generation other than hydro power?
10) How does one control the active power, reactive power and terminal voltage at a generator which is
feeding into power systems?
11) What are the types of turbines used in hydro power stations? Indicate the conditions under which each
type of turbine is more suitable.
12) Specify all necessary conditions to synchronize a generator to a power system.
13) W hat is differential protection? Explain in relation to its application to a generator - transformer
unit.
14) Specify six size/types of conductors used in transmission lines, indicating the codes used to denotes
each size/type.
15) What are the instrument transformers? Briefly explain their uses.
16) What are the types of protection generally used for a power transformer having capacity of about 5
MVA? What is the basis principle (behind each of the types of protection listed)
17) What are the types of losses that occur in a power transformer? What advantages do such conductors
offer in electricity distribution?
18) What is meant by time of day tariff and why is such a tariff necessary?
19) What are aerial bundled conductors? What are the advantages do such conductors offer in electrical
distribution?
20) How would you distinguish between a transmission line and a distribution line?
21) Specify six of the cooling methods employed for power transformers. Indicate the notation used for
each type.
22) What are the conditions to be satisfied before two three phase transformers can be made to operate in
parallel?
23) What are the control signals used in an AVR?
24) Give the sketch of the circuit of an electronic fan regulator and label it
25) Give the input/output voltage relationship for;
a. Bridge rectifier
b. Half-wave rectifier
26) What is the function of a UPS and indicate its types and ratings.
2006ElectricalSupernatantEntranceExamPaper
Answerallquestions.
Time:1hours.

1) Whatarethelossesinatransformer?Explainhowtheselossesaredetermined?
2) Whatarethecausesoflowpowerfactor?Explainthedisadvantageshavingpoorpowerfactor.Howisthe
powerfactorimprovementachievedinindustry?
3) Namethreeconventionalandthreenonconventionalsourcesofenergythatcanbeusedforpower
generation.
4) Onwhatbasisturbinesusedforhydropowergenerationareclassified?Whataretheturbinesusedfor
hydropowergenerationaccordingtoclassificationbasedonwaterhead?
5) Drawatypicallayoutofagasturbineplantandnamethemaincomponentsofit.
6) Definetheterms,theloadfactoranddiversityfactoranddiscusstheeffectsofthesefactorsonthecostof
generationofelectricalenergy.
7) ExplainbrieflywhytheunitcostofelectricityishighinSriLlanka.Howitwillbereducedwhentheproposed
upperKotmaleandNorochcholaipowerplantsarecommissioned?
8) Howthevoltageandfrequencyofaninterconnectedpowersystemarecontrolled?
9) Explainwiththecircuitdiagram,theoperationofdifferentialprotectionschemeusedtoprotectaDelta/Star
transformer.
10) Whataretheconditionsthatshouldbesatisfiedforparalleloperationoftwotransformerswithsame
ratings?
11) Whatdoyouunderstandbyprimaryandbackupprotection?Whatwillhappenwhenasecondaryofcurrent
transformerisopenedwhileprimaryisenergized?
12) Whatisvoltagesag(Dip)?Whataretheparametersusedtodefinevoltagesag(Dip)?
13) Explainbasicmechanismofvoltageharmonicdistortioninthepowersystem.
14) Nametwosourceswhichinjectharmonicstopowersystem.Whatareeffectsofharmonicsdistortioninthe
powersystem?
15) Explainoperatingprincipalof(1)AutoReclocer
16) ComparethedisadvantagesanddisadvantagesofArialBundleConductorsoverAluminumbareconductorin
adistributionline.
17) Asdemandsidemanagement,whattypeofmeasurescouldbetakentosaveelectricalenergy?
18) Explainwhythedistributionplanningisnecessarytostrengthendistributionnetwork.
19) Whydoesthevoltageofshuntgeneratordropasloadisappliedtoitsterminals?
20) NamefiveapplicationsofDCshuntmotorsbasedoncharacteristicslikespeedandtorque.
21) Whatarethedifferentialmethodsofspeedcontrolofthreephaseinductionmotors?
22) Whatdoyouunderstandbyoptimalfeedingpointofadistributionfeeder?Givetwomethodsthatcouldbe
usedtoimprovethevoltageofadistributionfeeder.
23) WhatismeantbyTimeofdaytariffExplainhowtimeofdaytariffcouldimprovethesystemloadfactor.
24) Drawacircuitdiagramofacomputerpowersupplyandexplainitsoperation.
25) WhatisUPS?Explainitsoperationwiththehelpofablockdiagramoracircuitdiagram.