5751 Activity 9.0 SG

OPTICAL METRO 5100/5200
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
STUDENT GUIDE 556-T130-460.04.01
Information in this courseware is provided for training. This

courseware may not be reproduced without written permission.
Copyright 2006 Nortel, All Rights Reserved

Publication date: August 2006
Version 7.3
Optical Metro 5100/5200
Operations and Maintenance
Student Guide
Guide release: 556-T130-460.04.01
Guide status: Standard
Date: July 2006
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Course introduction
Overview
Description
Optical Metro 5100/5200 Operations and Maintenance provides instruction and exercises on all
the main components of an Optical Metro 5200/5100 system. Product architecture will be
reviewed. Provisioning, operating, OFA equalization and troubleshooting exercises will be
completed throughout the course.
Intended audience
Anyone responsible for clearing alarms, performing facility and equipment and system
administration duties on the Optical Metro 5200/5100 systems, including maintenance
technicians, technical support personnel, and surveillance personnel.
Prerequisites
Basic optical networking knowledge.
Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
Install System Manager Interface (SMI) and use it to perform:
Provisioning procedures.
Operating activities such as loopbacks and protection switching.
Administration duties such as retrieving shelf inventory, performing a shelf
backup.
Equalize a network.
Describe Performance Monitoring (PM) options and monitor a network for performance
using the PM screen.
Perform basic circuit packs replacement procedures.
Identify faults in a network and perform corrective measures.
Identify specific procedures using the NTPs.

References
The following documents provide additional information:
323-1701-090 About the NTP Library
323-1701-101 Software and User Interface
323-1701-102 Hardware Description
323-1701-180 Technical Specifications
323-1701-201 Installing Optical Metro 5200 Shelves and Components
323-1701-210 Installing Optical Metro 5100 Shelves and Components
323-1701-220 Commissioning procedures
323-1701-221 Connecting procedures
323-1701-222 Testing and Equalization procedures
323-1701-310 Provisioning and operating procedures
323-1701-542 Trouble clearing and alarm reference guide
323-1701-546 Maintenance and replacement procedures

Contents
Lesson 1 Lab Activities 7
Lesson 2 Administration 47
Lesson 3 Operation 67
Lesson 4 Network Equalization 135
Lesson 5 Maintenance 163
Lesson 6 Performance Monitoring 183
Lesson 7 Troubleshooting 215
Addendum A Safety 231
Agenda
Lesson Title Duration
Number (In hours)
Lesson 1 Lab Activities 2 hours
Lesson 2 Administration 1 hour
Lesson 3 Operation 4 hours
Lesson 4 Network Equalization 2.5 hours
Lesson 5 Maintenance 2 hours
Lesson 6 Performance Monitoring 1.5 hours
Lesson 7 Troubleshooting 3 hours

This page is intentionally left blank
6
Lab activities
Lesson 1
nortel.com/training
V10.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
7
Lesson Objectives
After this lesson, you will be able to

> Describe the different component wiring techniques
> Install the System Manager on a computer
> Describe the alarm and event screens in the System
Manager Interface (SMI)
> Describe the shelf configuration screens in the SMI.
8
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
Documentation references for this lesson
NTP Title NTP Number

Optical Metro 5100/5200 NT0H65AN
Provisioning and Operating 323-1701-310

Procedures
Software and User Interface 323-1701-101
Network Planning and Link 323-1701-110

Engineering
Connection and Commissioning 323-1701-220
procedures
8
Optical Metro 5100/5200 component
wiring techniques
Describe the different OMX interconnection methods
> Connections between sites are made from

East to West, traveling in one direction and
West to East, traveling in the opposite
direction.
> These connections will be carried on a

fiber pair (Tx & Rx) on the East of the shelf
and a second fiber pair on the West.
9
Describe the different OMX interconnection methods
OMX connections
OMX connections refer to the way that the OMXs are interconnected, either between
shelves or within shelves. Each OMX contains an add filter and a drop filter that
consume a small amount of power from a passing signal. Because the signal flow
depends on the connection method used, the different connection methods will affect
the link engineering (calculation of signal degrade between regeneration and/or
amplified sites) for the network. When interconnecting the OMXs, remember the
following;
Connections between sites are made from East to West, traveling in
one direction and West to East, traveling in the opposite direction.
These connections will be carried on a fiber pair (Tx & Rx) on the
East of the shelf and a second fiber pair on the West.
Note: When examining OMX connections, you must consider terminal sites and
OADM sites separately.
9
wiring techniques
OMX connections for Terminal sites:
> Standard
> Stacked
> Dual or Quad density
10
OMX connections for terminal sites
There are four methods for making OMX connections in a terminal site:
Standard connections: Where sites are optimized for link budget efficiency.
Stacked connections: Where sites are optimized for scalability.
Dual-density and Quad-density connections: Used in unprotected point-to-point
networks, allows for full use of shelf slots.
Note: When using standard or stacked connections, terminal sites are considered
optical seams because they do not support optical pass-through. Therefore, there is no
connection between the West and the East OMXs.
10
OMX connections for terminal sites using standard wiring.
When you configure a terminal site using standard connections, shelves are connected
with all the west OMXs together and all the east OMXs together. The installation order of
shelves in the network is specific to balance the per band filter losses as equally as
possible.
In this configuration, the East backbone fibers and the West backbone fibers terminate
on different shelves (when more than one shelf is present at the site).
11
OMX connections for terminal sites using stacked wiring
When you configure a terminal site using stacked connections, shelves are connected
with all the west OMXs together and all the east OMXs together. Installation order of the
shelves is not specific in this network configuration. Therefore, per band filter losses are
not balanced.
In this configuration, the East backbone fibers and the West backbone fibers terminate
on the same shelf
12
OMX connections for terminal sites
using dual density or Quad density
wiring
These two types of connections can only be used

at a terminal site within an unprotected point-to-
point network.
Previously, point-to-point configurations used only
half the slots in a shelf because the maximum
number of channels for one band is four, which
requires four OCLDs and four OCIs or four OTRs.
By adding other bands to the shelf, all slots can be
used. For this type of connection, the OMXs need
to be wired in a daisy-chain pattern. Therefore the
west and east concept does not apply.
This fibering method allows you to map multiple
bands from the same shelf on this single fiber pair.
13
wiring techniques
OMX connections for OADM sites:
> Single-shelf connections

> Standard OADM connections
14
OMX connections for OADM sites
There are two methods for making OMX connections in an OADM site:
Single-shelf connections
Standard OADM connections
In either configurations, OADM sites are not considered optical seams since these
sites include an optical bypass from the East OMXs to the West OMXs.
14
OMX connections for OADM sites using single-shelf wiring
Single-shelf connections are utilized when only one OADM shelf is present in a site, or
when shelves are co-located and independent fibering of the shelves is required. In a
single shelf OADM site configuration, the west OMX of a band is directly connected to
the east OMX of that same band, this is called serial filter wiring.
Note: Because of the additional power losses associated with co-located shelves that
are independently fibered, this configuration is not recommended for sites with multiple
co-located OADM shelves.
15
OMX connections for OADM sites using standard OADM wiring
The standard OADM configuration in an OADM site is similar to the method used for
making standard connections in a terminal site. The main difference being the addition
of two extra fibers to allow for an optical bypass in a multishelf OADM site.
16
Describe C&L splitter/coupler tray interconnections
The C&L splitter/coupler tray separates the C-band from the L-band. This functionality
must be applied prior to the signal entering the OMX modules. Also the C&L
splitter/coupler recombines the C-band and L-band signal after its gone through the
OMX modules.
The layout of the sites using the C&L splitter/coupler are called standard layout. The
Standard layout is a parallel site configuration.
17
Describe OSC tray interconnections
The OSC trays are connected between the OSC circuit packs and the optical fiber span
to split and couple the OSC signal with the rest of the network traffic. The OSC signal
must be the last signal to be added and the first one to be dropped.
As discussed previously there are two models of OSC trays available, one with a 4%
optical tap and one without the optical tap. Both models of OSC trays are interconnected
the same way.
Note: It is important to consider the fiber span losses associated with the link
engineering calculations. The installation of an attenuator pad may be required at the
input to the OSC "ADD port", located on the OSC tray, to avoid saturating the receiver of
the OSC circuit pack. Consult the "Link engineering rules" chapter in Network Planning
and Link Engineering Guidelines, NT0H7146.
18
Lab wiring, backbone wiring
(An Example);
Which network topology is deployed here?
Which type of wiring is used at each site?
What is the meaning of the double headed arrows?
Why isnt there an arrow above the terminal site?
19
Notes
19
(An Example);
> OMX Optical ADD section
This figure shows the optical add section of the OMX.
Optical Add
section
Band TX
Thru
IN ADF OTS OUT
Band RX
Thru Optical Drop ADF OTS IN
OUT section
Channel Channel
Mux Demux
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Add channels Drop channels

20
OMX Optical ADD section

This figure shows the optical add section of the OMX. The channel(s) coming from
the Tx port of the OCLD(s) or OTR(s) are added on a single fiber (the Band, inside
the OMX). Any band coming from the Thru IN port is then added to the OMXs band.
Finally, all the bands leave the OMX by the OTS OUT port.
20
(An Example);
> OMX Optical DROP section

This figure shows the optical drop section of the OMX.
Optical Add
section
Band TX
Thru
IN ADF OTS OUT
Band RX
Thru Optical Drop ADF OTS IN
OUT section
Channel Channel
Mux Demux
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Add channels Drop channels

21
OMX Optical DROP section

This figure shows the optical drop section of the OMX. The band(s) entering the OTS
IN port of the OMX are separated onto two different fibers. The fiber containing the
OMXs spectral band leads to another demultiplexer filter, which in turn, extracts the
channel(s). These channels are ultimately connected to the Rx port of the OCLD(s)
or OTR(s). The second fiber carries away any other bands not specific to the OMX.
All these other bands will leave the OMX (pass through) by the Thru OUT port.
21
Start your wiring diagram
This example uses standard terminal and multishelf OADM site wiring as well as
single shelf site wiring.
Start your wiring diagram at any site (Terminal site is a good one).
Complete the link for the clockwise direction then complete the counter-clockwise.
Write down the name of the ports as you go (OTS IN/OUT, THRU IN/OUT)
There are no OSC, ECT or C&L Splitter / Coupler.
22
Example of a complete network wiring.
23
Lab exercise: Lab wiring, backbone
wiring (Mandatory)
> Objective :
After this activity, you will be able to explain basic site wiring schemes
and draw the lab wiring.
> Description :
In this activity, you will draw your Optical Metro 5100/5200 lab wiring.
24
To complete this lab exercise, use the following material:

323-1701-221, Connections procedures
Keyword search in the NTP master index:
Connecting, interconnecting
Materials and equipment:
NTPs (see above).
Physical lab
Now its your turn!
Draw your lab wiring

Use the different sample icons on next page to draw your lab wiring.
If possible, use your Lab Topology drawing as a reference.
Draw the all the components used in your network for each site.
Draw the fiber links between the components.
Write down the name of the ports used on each component.
24
Lab exercise: Lab wiring, backbone wiring (cont)
Use those different sample icons
Draw your lab wiring below
25
Optical Metro 5100/5200 Software
Installation
> Installation flowchart
26
T22000.gif
Installation flowchart
Here is the flowchart that you will use to decide which procedures need to be
performed.
Note: This flowchart is for instructional purposes only and it does not replace or
supersede any procedures in the NTPs.
26
Installing the System Manager
The software and documentation CD, ordered as Release 9.0 software delivery kit
(NT0H60PA) includes:
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager files.
Optical Metro 5100/5200 network element software library.
Optical Metro 5100/5200 technical documentation.
Note: You can also download Optical Metro 5100/5200 documentation at any time from
the Nortel Networks Customer Support Web site.
Acrobat Reader 5.0 (for Windows only) or Acrobat Reader 4.0 (for Solaris only):
Use this application to view Optical Metro 5100/5200 documentation.
Web browsers that you use to host the System Manager, and the required Java
Plug-ins.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 or 6.0 and Java Plug-in 1.4.1_05 (For
Windows only).
Netscape Communicator 4.76 and Java Plug-in 1.4.1_05 (For Solaris only).
Netscape Communicator 4.75 or 4.76 and Java Plug-in 1.4.1_05 (For
Windows only).
27
Installing the System Manager (cont)
Before you begin the procedures:
Complete the installation procedures in Installing Optical Metro 5200 Shelves and
Components, 323-1701-201, or Installing Optical Metro 5100 Shelves and
Components, 323-1701-210.
Make sure that the System Manager computer meets the minimum requirements.
(refer to Technical Specifications, 323-1701-180, for details).
Follow this procedure to transfer the following files from the Release 9.0 software
delivery kit (NT0H60PA) CD to a Windows 2000/NT/XP computer:
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager files.
Optical Metro 5100/5200 network element software library.
Optical Metro 5100/5200 technical documentation.
Supporting applications (for example, Adobe Acrobat, Java Plug-in).
Expected results:
When you complete this procedure:
The Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager files, and one of the required Web
browsers are installed on the System Manager computer.
The required Java Plug-in is installed on the System Manager computer.
28
Lab exercise: System manager
installation (Optional)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to install System Manager on a
computer using the proper documentation.
> Description :
Complete the installation of System Manager on the system manager
computer as conducted by the instructor.
29

323-1701-220, Connection and Commissioning Procedures.

System Manager, installing.

NTPs (see above).
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager CD-ROM (NT0H60PA).
Straight-through Ethernet cable.
Now its your turn!
Install the System Manager Interface.
29
Lab exercise: Lab Alarm/Event
handling (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to introduce you to the Optical Metro
5100/5200 System Manager Interface by retrieving alarms and
events.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Fault Tab and its subtabs or the
Fault Menu list of the System Manager Interface.
30
323-1701-310, Provisioning and Operating Procedures.

323-1701-101, Software and User Interface.

Alarms details window, alarms indicators, System Manager alarm management.

System Manager Interface computer.
NTPs (see above).
30
handling (cont)
> System Manager hierarchy: Fault
31
T18797.gif
The Figure shows the hierarchy of SMI. There are three options under the Fault
branch:
Active alarms.
Event console.
Event history.
31
handling (cont)
> Fault Active Alarms window
32
T18607.png
The Figure shows the SMI graphical interface. You can access the information by
using a shortcut (CTRL key + symbol), by the menu lists or by the tabs. Note the three
choices under the Fault tab.
Note: A grayed out selection on a Menu list means that it is not a valid choice for the
active window.
On the following table, record your assigned, shelf name, shelf IP address, user name
and password.
Shelf Name:
Shelf IP
address:
User name:
Password:
32
Lab exercise: Lab Alarm/Event handling (cont)
Now its your turn! Logging in to the network
T18608
Complete the following steps in the hands-on exercise:
1. Now log yourself in to your assigned Optical Metro 5100/5200 NE:
323-1701-310: Logging in to the network.

Type in your assigned IP address in the address field of your Web browser.
Click on the Start the System Manager button.
Enter your user name and password when prompted.
Note: The Figure shows the SMI login screen. Also, see the IP address and the
software load running on your assigned shelf.
33
Fault tab and subtabs
T18607.png
Select the Event History information window for your assigned shelf:
View the event history by clicking on the refresh button.

Sort the events by ascending alarm severity by clicking on the Alarm Severity
subtab.
Sort the events by descending alarm severity by clicking again on the Alarm
Severity subtab.
Sort them by Time AND Alarm Severity at the same time.
To do so, click on the View menu and select Sort Order...option.
Save a copy of the information window. To do so, click on the File Menu.
Name of the file: _______________________
Note: Save file as a ***.CSV file. (comma separated value)
34
Activity review.
Briefly discuss the results of the completed activity as conducted by

the instructor.
What are the differences between the Event Console and Event History
information windows?________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
How many events does the event history window hold?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
35
Lab exercise: Lab shelves details
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to gather shelf details using Optical
Metro 5100/5200 System Manager Interface.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Configuration Tab / Naming Tab or
the Configuration Naming menu list of the System Manager Interface.
36

System Manager windows

Configuration window.
Naming window.

NTPs (see above).
36
Lab exercise: Lab shelves details (cont)
> System Manager hierarchy:

Configuration/ Naming
37
T18797.gif
The Figure shows the hierarchy of SMI. There are four options under the
configuration branch:
Naming.
Communications.
Surveillance.
Shelf list.
37
> System Manager Naming dialog box
Double-click
38
T18610.gif
Note: Right-click on a shelf from the Naming information window and select the Modify
option to obtain the Naming dialog box. You can also double-click on the selected shelf
to get the same result.
38
Now its your turn! Gather the shelf details
Complete the following steps in the hands-on exercise
1. Now log yourself in to your assigned Optical Metro 5100/5200 NE.

2. Select the Configuration / Naming information window for your assigned shelf.
3. Fill up the following table according to what you will find.
Parameter Value
Network Name
Site Name
Shelf Name
Shelf Description
Site Identifier*
Shelf Identifier*
TID (Target IDentifier)
Shelf Role
OSID (Optical System ID)
*Some definitions;
Site ID: Number of the site in the network used to group shelves logically in the
System Manager. Number from 1 through 64.
Shelf ID: Unique number of the shelf in the network. Number from 1 through 64.
Shelf Role:
Primary: This shelf is the primary node.
Gateway: This shelf is configured as the gateway shelf.
Host: This shelf is hosting your SMI session.
OSID: Alphanumeric string of up to eight characters used to uniquely identify the
optical components associated with the different basic systems within an Optical
Metro 5100/5200 network."
39
Lab exercise: Lab shelves IP details
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The purpose of this activity is to gather the shelves IP details using
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager Interface.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Configuration Tab / Communications
Tab or the Configuration Communications menu list of the System
Manager Interface.
40

323-1701-220, Commissioning Procedures .

System Manager windows.
Configuration window.

NTPs (see above).
40
(cont)
> System Manager hierarchy:
Configuration Communications
41
T18797.gif
The Figure shows the hierarchy of SMI. There are four options under the
configuration branch:
Naming.
Communications.
Surveillance.
Shelf list.
41
(cont)
> System Manager communications dialog box
Select
Right-click
42
T18612.png
Note: Right-click on a shelf from the Naming information window and select the Modify
option to obtain the Naming dialog box. You can also double-click on the selected shelf
to get the same result.
42
Lab exercise: Lab shelves IP details (cont)
Now its your turn! Gather the shelf IP details
Complete the following steps in the hands-on exercise
1. Now log yourself in to your assigned Optical Metro 5100/5200 NE.

2. Select the Configuration / Communication window for your assigned shelf.
3. Fill up the following table according to what you will find.
Parameter Value
Shelf is a DCN Gateway Checked/Unchecked
External Routing Mode
Shelf IP address
Primary shelf IP
Subnet Mask
DHCP address
Default Gateway address
Shelf Type
Ethernet Hubbing Group
43
Lab exercise: Lab shelves IP details (cont)
Some important definitions;
Parameter Definition Value/range

External Routing Routing Mode NONE.
Mode Indicates how a GNE (a DCN gateway) None, ProxyARP, OSPF, BGP
shelf interfaces with the DCN for routing IP For a definition of these values, see the
packets between the DCN and remote Optical Data communications in the Optical
Metro 5100/5200 shelves. This parameter can Metro 5100/5200 network chapter of
only be set when the Shelf is a DCN Network Planning and Link Engineering,
Gateway check box is checked. Otherwise, 323-1701-110
its value is automatically set to
Primary This field indicates the IP address of the Not permitted:

Shelf primary node shelf in the network. The any IP address with a first octet of 0
Address primary shelf distributes network-level (0.nnn.nnn.nnn)
information across all the shelves in a any IP address with a first octet of 127
network. You use the primary node to add and (127.nnn.nnn.nnn)
remove other shelves in the Optical Metro any IP address with a first octet of 10
5100/5200 network. Assign all shelves in the and a second octet of 0 (10.0.nnn.nnn)
network the same primary node address. any IP address with a first octet of 224
or greater (224.n.n.n, 225.n.n.n, etc.)
Subnet Mask This field sets the subnet mask for the shelf. The value of this field depends on whether
the shelf is a GNE or non-GNE, and
whether the Optical Metro 5100/5200
network is configured in a public IP
address mode or a private IP address
mode.
DHCP address: The DHCP address is an IP address that For a GNE shelf, must be 0.0.0.0.
allows you to connect a PC to the For a non-GNE shelf, address must be in
10Base-T 1X port on the maintenance the same subnet as shelf address.
panel of the shelf.
Default Gateway This field sets the default gateway address. This field is only set to a non-zero value on
a DCN gateway shelf (GNE) that has its
external routing mode set to Proxy ARP
or None.
Shelf Type This field indicates the type of the shelf. OADM, OFA, terminal, or Mixed
Note: An OFA shelf can function as a
network GNE when used in conjunction with
an OSC.
Hubbing Group At a site, shelves connected together (either Number between 1 and 64
through an Ethernet hub using their 10Base-T
2X ports, or directly together using their
10Base-T 2X ports), must have the same
Ethernet hubbing group value.
More details of each parameters in 323-1701-220, Commissioning Procedures.
44
Check your learning
1. What is the Primary shelf IP address?

_________________________________
2. Which shelf is the Gateway Network Element of your network?

_________________________________
45
Summary
> In this lesson we covered the following points:
Component wiring techniques

Activity: SMI Installation
Activity: Lab Alarm/Event handling
Activity: Lab wiring - Backbone wiring
Activity: Lab shelves details
Activity: Lab shelves IP details
46
46
Administration
Lesson 2
nortel.com/training
47
Lesson Objectives

Connect and navigate using the Optical Metro 5100/5200 System
Manager Interface
Gather information on a Optical Metro 5100/5200 network using
System Manager Interface
Briefly describe security features (login types and customer user
class)
Briefly describe network time protocol and provisionable alarm
severity
48

Procedures
Network Planning and Link 323-1701-110

Engineering
48
Lab Exercise: Lab inventory (Optional)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to gather the shelves inventory using
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager Interface.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Equipment Tab / Inventory Tab or
the Configuration Equipment Inventory menu list or the Shelf Level
Graphics window of the System Manager Interface.
49


System Manager
inventory list.
Querying
Inventory list.

NTPs (see above).
49
Lab Exercise: Lab inventory (cont)
> System Manager hierarchy: Equipment Inventory
50
T18797.jpg
For this exercise you will use the Equipment Tab / Inventory Tab or the Configuration
Equipment Inventory menu list or the Shelf Level Graphics window of the System
Manager Interface.
50
> System Manager hierarchy: Inventory information window.
51
T18614.gif
System Manager hierarchy: Inventory information window.
T18615.gif
51
On the following table, record your assigned team number, shelf name, shelf IP
address, user name and password.
Shelf Name:
Shelf IP address:
User name:
Password:
Now its your turn! Perform the shelf inventory

1. On the table next page, write your assigned shelfs name on the first row.
2. Now log yourself in to your assigned OM5100/5200 NE.
3. Select the Equipment / Inventory information window or the Shelf Level
Graphics window for your assigned shelf.
4. Fill up the remaining of the Table according to what you will find.
52
Note: On the Table below, fill slots one (1) through six (6) for an OM5100 shelf.
Shelf Inventory
Card slot Prov:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
EIP1
EIP2
EIP3
EIP4
53
Activity review.
1. What is the meaning of the bold typeface on the Actual column of the Equipment / Inventory
information window?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Can you tell which slots have filler cards in them?
__________________________________________________________________________
54
Lab Exercise: Lab back ups (Optional)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to fully back up the configuration data
for all the shelves using Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager
Interface.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Configuration Tab / Naming Tab of
the OM5100/5200 System Manager Interface to perform the shelves
back ups.
55


Backup shelf.
configuration data.

NTPs (see above).
55
Lab Exercise: Lab back ups (cont)
> System Manager hierarchy: Configuration/ Naming
56
T18797.gif
For this exercise you will use the Configuration / naming tab.
56
System Manager: Naming dialog box
Double-click
T18610
Note: Right-click on a shelf from the Naming information window and select the
Modify option to obtain the Naming dialog box. You can also double-click on the
selected shelf to get the same result.
57
Now its your turn! Perform the shelf inventory
1. Now log yourself in to your assigned OM5100/5200 NE.

2. From the Configuration / Naming information window for your assigned
shelf, open the Naming dialog box. Remember, you can either right-click or
double-click on a shelf to get access to that window.
3. Click on the back up button and save the configuration data file on the SMI
computer. Record the name and the location of the file on the following
table:
File path:
File name:
Note: The default path is: C:/NortelNetworks/OPTeraMetro/Backup/.

The default name is: <shelf IP>_<shelf function>_<version/load
number>_<military time>_<date>.dat
Note: You must be logged in to System Manager as an Admin level user.

To perform a backup, the software load on the shelf must be in a
committed state. The shelf must be commissioned and operational.
58
Activity review.
1. Is a back up identical as to perform a <Save as...> on each information window for a given
shelf?_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
59
Security: Authentication modes & login
methods
> Authentication modes:
There are 2 authentication methods.
Local Default
Centralized
> Login methods : Alternate
There are 3 login methods.

Local
Challenge/Response
Centralized
60
T22101.png
Local
There are three default user accounts (admin, operator, observer) upon system
commissioning.
Up to seven additional users can be provisioned.
Note: If complex password is selected, please refer to NTP 232-1701-310 for all the
applicable rules.
Challenge/Response
When logging in using the challenge/response application, users are prompted with a
challenge, for which they must supply a response. The user must contact their network
operations centre to obtain the correct response, which network operations personnel
obtain through the response generating tool, (available through Optical Manager or as a
stand-alone tool). Allow a 1 time login without creating a new user any where.
Centralized
Network administrator provision a shelf as a security gateway shelf (max 2 shelves)
The security gateway sends the request to a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in
Service) server, and returns the RADIUS server responses to the hosting Optical Metro
5100/5200 shelf.
Once Centralized authentication is selected, the Alternate method field becomes
available and you must select Local or Challenge/Response. An alternate method is
required if, for any reason, the RADIUS server is unreachable. More details in NTPs.
60
Security: Customer user class
> User class:

There are 5 user privilege classes
ADMIN
OPERATOR
OBSERVER
CUSTOMER1
CUSTOMER2
61
T22102.gif
Class privilege in a glance

Admin
Has read and write access to all of the system.
Can change user profile attributes.
Can commission and decommission shelves.
Can view and clear security events and alarms.
Operator
Has read and write access to most of the system.
Can change users own password.
Cannot commission or decommission shelves.
Cannot perform software upgrade.
Cannot view or clear security events and alarms.
Observer
This user has read-only access; however, can change users own password.
61
Class privilege in a glance
Customer1
Can access PM data.
Has read-only access to their customer owned network (equipment,
facility and channel assignments).
Can change own password.
Only sees service affecting alarms plus AIS, LOS, RDI, Optical Power,
Far End Client Rx Signal Fail and PM alarms, that concern their
operation. All other events, user requests, and non-service affecting
alarms are filtered.
Cannot log into an Optical Metro 5100/5200 shelves using TL1
interfaces, although this user class can be provisioned through TL1
commands.
Customer2
The Customer2 user has the same access and privileges
Customer1except, Customer 2 cannot access PM data and AIS, LOS,
RDI, Optical Power, Far End Client Rx Signal Fail and PM alarms are
not displayed.
62
Admin: Network Time Protocol
Internal
Time of day
External
Time of day
> Two time of day synchronization

modes are supported: internal
and external.
63 OM2924
OM2925
Network Time Protocol

This feature allows time-of-day synchronization from external NTP clients on GNE
shelves, which can then be distributed across the ring to non-GNE shelves.
Internal time of day synchronization
Internal time of day synchronization occurs when the Optical Metro
5100/5200 shelf synchronizes its time against the time that is manually set on
the primary shelf by the user through the SMI or TL1 (OMEA) channels.
External time of day synchronization
External time of day synchronization occurs when the Optical Metro
5100/5200 shelf synchronizes its time against an Network Time Protocol
(NTP) server. The Gateway Network Elements (GNE) distribute the time from
the NTP server to the rest of the Optical Metro 5100/5200 ring, resulting in
synchronized real-time for all of the network elements in the ring. Two NTP
servers can be provisioned, a primary and a secondary. The IP addresses of
external NTP servers are provisioned through the SMI (or TL1).
If the NTP servers are unavailable, the time is based on the internal time of
day mode and the Loss of Contact With NTP Source alarm is raised. If
external NTP synchronization mode is disabled, the primary shelf plays the
role of the internal NTP server and the time is based on the internal time of
day mode.
Note: After a downgrade to a pre-release 9.0 software load, external NTP
synchronization is disabled, the addresses of the NTP servers are zeroed and
primary shelf distributes the time based on the internal time of day mode.
63
Admin: Provisionable alarm severity
> Alarm Severity Provisioning:

A new menu item named
Provision Alarm Severity is
added to the Edit top level
menu.
This menu item is enabled

only for users with the
Admin user privilege class.
This feature allows nodal-

based alarm severity
provisioning for each
individual alarm using
System Manager.
64
T22103.gif
Alarm Severity Provisioning
This feature allows nodal-based alarm severity provisioning for each individual
alarm using System Manager. Once the alarm severity is provisioned, alarms are
raised with the provisioned alarm severity. Also, the behavior of the shelf lamps
(Critical, Major, Minor) and ACO (Alarm Cut Off) are consistent with the
provisioned alarm severity.
If there is an active alarm during a provisioning change, the active alarm with the
old alarm severity is cleared and the alarm is raised again with the new alarm
severity.
Severity is the only attribute of an alarm that can be edited. All other alarm
information, such as: alarm text, service effecting, etc., is not editable. This
feature does not allow alarms to be disabled. Moreover, the alarm hierarchy is not
altered by this feature. As a result, it is possible that a minor alarm mask a major
alarm. For example, suppose the severity of the Circuit pack mismatch alarm is
changed from major to minor, and the Loss of Signal severity is kept as default
(i.e., major). Based on the alarm hierarchy, the Circuit pack mismatch alarm
masks the Loss of Signal alarm. The shelf will raise a minor Circuit pack
mismatch alarm instead of a major Circuit pack mismatch alarm.
64
Check your learning
1. What are the 3 login method available?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. What is the advantage of using Radius Server?

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
3. What happens if both NTP servers are unavailable?

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4. Which level of user privilege is required to provision alarm severity?

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5. Is it possible that a minor alarm mask a major alarm?

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
65
Summary
> In this lesson we completed the following activities

Activity: Lab inventory
Activity: Lab back ups
> We also learned some users security concept and alarms
provisioning.
66
66
Operation
Lesson 3
nortel.com/training
67
Lesson Objectives

Manager Interface.
Describe Equipment and Facility states.
Provision channel assignments using a variety of hardware.
Perform loopbacks on various circuit packs.
Provision ALS / ALR.
68

Procedures
Connection and Commissioning 323-1701-220

Procedures
Testing and Equalization Procedures 323-1701-222
68
Provisioning circuit packs and managing
traffic
> Auto-provisionining
OCLD facilities are IS.

OCI/SRM facilities are OOS
OTR Line facilities are IS, and the Client facilities are OOS.
OFA east and west facilities are IS.
APBE facilities are OOS.
OSC east and west facilities are IS, WSC east and west facilities are
OOS.
69
Provisioning circuit packs and managing traffic

When circuit packs are installed in an Optical Metro 5100/5200 shelf for the first time,
the system provisions them automatically. Auto-provisioning keeps a record of the
circuit packs that are inserted in the slots and updates the equipment and facilities
information in the system database.
After successful auto-provisioning, seated circuit packs are listed in an in-service
state in the Inventory window of System Manager. Circuit pack facilities are listed in
the Facilities window in the following states:
OCLD facilities are IS.
OCI/SRM facilities are OOS.
OTR Line facility is IS, and the Client facility is OOS.
OFA east and west facilities are IS.
APBE facilities are OOS.
OSC east and west facilities are IS, WSC east and west facilities are OOS.
Auto-provisioning does not manage traffic on the network. You assign traffic flow
when you provision the system. Until the network is provisioned, you cannot add
traffic to it. Auto-provisioning only occurs when circuit packs are inserted in slots with
no equipment provisioned
69
Provisioning circuit packs and
managing traffic (cont)
> Circuit Pack and Facility states
State Description Value
Administrative This field indicates the >IS

user-assigned >OOS
administrative state of the
circuit pack.
Operational This field indicates the >IS-NR: In-Service normal

operational state of the >IS-ANR: In-service abnormal
circuit pack.
>OOS-MA: Out-of-service
maintenance
>OOS-AU: Out-of-service
autonomous
>OOS-AU-MA: Out-of-service
autonomous, maintenance
>OOS-MAANR: Out-of-service
maintenance abnormal
Secondary This field indicates the >IS
secondary state of the >OOS
circuit pack.
>Unequipped
>Supporting Entity Failed
>Failed
>NIL
70
Circuit Pack and Facility states

As listed in Table above, a provisioned circuit pack has three state types:
Administrative: Use the System Manager to place the administrative state of a
circuit pack and any related facilities IS or OOS.
Operational: Is In-Service if the administrative state of a circuit pack is IS and its
network path can carry traffic. All other combinations change the operational state
to OOS.
Secondary: Provides additional information on the circuit pack state.
70
traffic (cont)
> Equipment and facility association
Equipment and facility association
Equipment administrative state IS OOS
Facility possible administrative state IS OOS OOS
71
Equipment and facility association

There is also an association between equipment and facilities. The administrative
(user provisionable) facility state depends on the equipment administrative state as
shown below;
If an equipment is OOS, then a facility is OOS.
If an equipment is IS, then a facility can be IS or OOS.
If a facility is IS, then the equipment is IS.
71
traffic (cont)
> Optical Metro 5100/5200 Facilities
APBE (Optical Metro 5200 only)

OCI
OCLD
OFA (Optical Metro 5200 only)
OSC
OTR
MOTR
72
Optical Metro 5100/5200 Facilities

A facility is a provisioned configuration on a circuit pack that supports the data
transport service. In the Optical Metro 5100/5200 shelves, the following circuit packs
have facilities:
APBE (Optical Metro 5200 only)
OCI
OCLD
OFA (Optical Metro 5200 only)
OSC
OTR
MOTR
An OCI SRM or OCI SRM SONET/SDH circuit pack has four facilities, one for each
of its ports. An OCI SRM ESCON circuit pack has eight facilities, one for each of its
ports. An OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack has three facilities; two client-side facilities
(one for each of its ports) and one aggregate facility.
Note: The aggregate facility on an OCI SRM GbE/FC/MOTR circuit pack must be IS
before you can put the client-side facilities IS, and the client-side facilities must be
OOS before you can put the aggregate facility OOS. All the facilities on an OCI SRM
GbE/FC circuit pack must be OOS before you can take the OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit
pack OOS.
72
Provisioning circuit packs and managing traffic (cont)
An OSC circuit has four facilities:
Two for the optical supervisory channel (OSC).
Two for the wayside channel (WSC).
The OTR has two facilities:
One for the client side .
One for the line side.
The MOTR has 11 facilities:
Ten for each of the client (ports 1-10).
One for the line side (port 11).
The APBE has five facilities:
One for each of its ports; ports 1 through 4 each represent one electrical variable optical
attenuator (eVOA),
Port 5 represents the total output power of the aggregate signal.
Note: Port 5 on an APBE must be IS before you can put ports 1 through 4 IS, and ports 1
through 4 must be OOS before you can put port 5 OOS. All five port facilities must be OOS
before you can take the APBE circuit pack OOS.
Changing the state of circuit packs and facilities
You cannot control the operational state directly. The following factors determine the operational
state of a circuit pack:
The administrative state of the circuit pack.
The operational state of the network.
The operational state of circuit packs must be IS if they are to perform their assigned functions.
When you use the System Manager to query the state of a circuit pack, the Optical Metro
5100/5200 shelf reports its operational state.
You must change the administrative state on a circuit pack to OOS before you perform any
maintenance procedures on that circuit pack.
When you change the administrative state to OOS, you force the operational state to OOS and
the circuit pack cannot perform its provisioned function.
You can leave an OCM IS before you switch traffic to the protection OCM. When you place the
OSC circuit pack in service, the OSC facilities (east and west) are automatically in service. You
must place the WSC facilities (east and west) in service if you require the wayside channel.
73
Circuit pack compatibility table
> OCI and OCLD circuit pack compatibility
OCLD
OCM OCM OCLD OCLD 2.5Gbit/s
Circuit packs
1.25Gbit/s 2.5Gbit/s 1.25Gbit/s 2.5Gbit/s Flex /
Universal
OCI 622Mbit/s 1310 nm X X X X
OCI 1.25Gbit/s 1310 nm X X X X
OCI 1.25Gbit/s 850 nm X X X X
OCI OC-48/STM-16 1310 nm X X X
OCI ISC 1310 nm X X X X
OCI GbE 1310 nm and 850 nm X X X X
SONET/SDH OC-3/STM-1
X X X X
OCI and OC-12/STM-4
SONET/SDH
OCI IR OC-48/STM-16 X X X
SRM OCI 1310 nm X X X X

OCI SRM SONET/SDH 1310 nm X X X
OCI SRM ESCON 1310 X X
OCI SRM GbE/FC 1310 nm and 850 nm
X X
and OCI SRM GbE/FC enhanced
OCI SRM GbE 1310nm and 850nm X X
OCI SRM SONET/ SDH LTE X X
74
OCI and OCLD circuit pack compatibility

The OCI, OCLD, and OCM circuit packs must be compatible; that is, if the OCI and
OCLD circuit packs support 2.5 Gbit/s service, the OCM must support 2.5 Gbit/s
service for Optical Metro 5200.
The table above lists the compatibility of OCI circuit packs with OCM and OCLD
circuit packs.
74
Tunable lasers
> Reduces circuit packs sparing for OTR enhanced and MOTR
10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT
> One PEC for C-Band and one for L-Band laser sources
> Laser off upon circuit pack auto-provisioning (Band/Channel
= 0) until wavelength assigned
> Hot swappable with existing circuit packs (fix wavelength)
> Line side compatibility with existing circuit packs
> Same Link engineering requirements as existing circuit
packs (fix wavelength)
> No IS wavelengths change
> Equipment must be OOS for wavelength provisioning
75
Tunable lasers
Release 9.0 introduces tunable laser circuit packs to reduce sparing for OTR
Enhanced and Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT circuit packs.
There is one PEC (Product Engineering Codes) per circuit pack type, for ordering
C-band wavelength tunable laser circuit packs, and one PEC for ordering L-band
wavelength tunable laser circuit packs.
Upon auto-provisioning of the tunable laser circuit packs, the laser is off until a
wavelength is assigned.
The tunable laser circuit packs can replace existing fixed-wavelength circuit packs,
and are line-side compatible with existing fixed-wavelength circuit packs. The link
engineering requirements for existing fixed-wavelength circuit packs also apply to
tunable laser circuit packs.
The tunable laser circuit packs do not allow in service wavelength changes. The
equipment must be placed Out-Of-Service (OOS) before a new wavelength can be
assigned.
Note: Tunable laser circuit packs must never be used in a system below release 9.0.
75
Equipping requirements for channel
assignments
> Equipping example for channel assignments: blank shelves
76
T18636
Equipping requirements for channel assignments

OCLD pass-through connections require two OCLD circuit packs; one for the
west (slots 1 through 8), and one for the east (slots 11 through 18) for Optical
Metro 5200. For Optical Metro 5100, one for the west (slots 1 to 2), and one for
the east (slots 3 to 4).
Note: Same plane pass-throughs are supported for bridge connections, this
allows for two OCLDs (with different OSIDs) to be provisioned together. A
bridge connection is a connection between two OCLDs that are part of two
different networks.
OCLD/OCI protected channels require one OCI circuit pack and two OCLD circuit
packs; seat one OCLD in the west plane (slots 1 through 8), and seat one OCLD
in the east plane (slots 11 through 18); seat the OCI in any of slots (1-8, 11-18)
for Optical Metro 5200. For Optical Metro 5100, seat one OCLD in the west plane
(slot 1-2), and seat one OCLD in the east plane (slot 3-4), and seat an OCI in slot
1 or slot 3.
OCLD/OCI unprotected channels require one OCI circuit pack and one OCLD
circuit pack; seat the OCLD in the correct unprotected plane; for example, if the
unprotected connection is east, seat the OCLD in any of slots 11 through 18 for
Optical Metro 5200. For Optical Metro 5100, if the unprotected connection is east,
seat the OCLD in either slot 3 or slot 4.
Note: Equipping requirements for OCLD/SRM circuit packs are the same as
the OCLD/OCI requirements.
76
Equipping requirements for channel assignments
For OTRs, protected, unprotected or pass-through channel assignments can be

created.
OTR protected channels require two OTR circuit packs and a Transponder
Protection Tray. One two-filter Transponder Protection Tray can support a
maximum of two OTR circuit pack pairs (four OTRs). One four-filter
Transponder Protection Tray can support a maximum of four OTR circuit
pack pairs (eight OTRs). One OTR must be located in the west plane, and
the other must be in the east plane.
OTR unprotected channels require one OTR circuit pack.
OTR pass-through connections are achieved by connecting the client side

interfaces of the OTRs together. The pass-through connections are
supported only with the 10G OTR circuit packs only. One OTR must be
anywhere in the West plane and the other must be in the East plane.
77
assignments
> Equipping example for channel assignments: unprotected
traffic
78
T18637 T18638 T18639
Equipping requirements for channel assignments: unprotected traffic
78
assignments
> Equipping example for channel assignments: protected traffic
79
T18640 T18641 T18642
Equipping requirements for channel assignments: protected traffic
79
assignments
> Equipping example for channel assignments: pass-thru traffic
80
T18643 T18644 T18645
Equipping requirements for channel assignments: pass-thru traffic
80
Wavelength Options
> Wavelength consistency validation
> Expect far end wavelength option
81
Wavelength Options
The wavelength consistency validation option allows:
Users to create a protected channel assignment without validating that the pair of
compatible OCLDs/OTRs forming the channel assignment have the same
wavelength.
Users to create a pass-through channel assignment without validating that the
pair of compatible OCLDs forming the channel assignment:
Have the same wavelength.
Are in the same shelf plane.
This option can be enabled or disabled. When enabled, the system expects a
compatible card in the other plane to be present to allow the connection.
As of release 9.0, this option can be enabled or disable on already provision
channels. (In release prior to release 9.0, this fields was not editable on a provision
connection).
Expect Far End Wavelength
For OCLDs, OTRs, and Muxponders, this field indicates whether the wavelength at
the far-end OCLD, OTR, or Muxponder must be the same as the near-end or can be
any wavelength.
81
Generic Framing Procedure, Virtual and Contiguous Concatenation
GFP, VCAT & CCAT
Generic Framing Procedure and Virtual Concatenation

The OM5000-based implementation for point-to-point Ethernet and storage connectivity
services uses the GFP, and VCAT standards for the ???? circuit pack. Generic Framing
procedure (GFP) GFP is an ITU standard (G.7041) which describes a flexible mapping
technique for transparent transport of multiple protocols in a SONET. The GFP provides an
efficient mechanism for Gigabit Ethernet (GE) and Fiber Channel (FICON and FC-100)
transport over a SONET core network via efficiently mapping varying client signals into
SONET STS frames.
Contiguous (CCAT) and Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
This picture illustrates the efficient network resource utilization

VCAT achieved with VCAT for a FC-100 signal (850Mbit/s).
VCAT enables the operator to take existing SONET provisioning paths and map the new
packet data service into an arbitrary number of STS-1 or STS-3c units within these paths.
Virtual concatenation (v-cat) allows the bandwidth to be combined from smaller STS groups
to virtually create a larger STS group. A virtually concatenated group can be made up of one
or more contiguously concatenated groups. Unlike c-cat groups, v-cat groups are a set of
distinct circuits that have separate and possibly diverse, paths across the network which
allows a user to tune the bandwidth in small increments on demand. At the far end, the paths
are reassembled to form the originally transmitted v-cat group.
CCAT
Contiguously concatenated (c-cat) circuits occupy contiguous positions in the SONET/SDH
frame and are grouped together to form one circuit. The path overhead in the first
concatenated circuit applies to the entire concatenated group (for example, STS12c/VC4-4c,
and so on). Contiguously concatenated groups form one path across the network and are
routed within a SONET/SDH network as one entity.
82
Sequence for provisioning a new
wavelength
> OCLD/OCI or OCLD/OCI SRM connections
Autoprovision the corresponding OCLDs.
Autoprovision the corresponding OCIs.
Create the new channel assignment.
Connect the OCI to the traffic source.
Place the OCI facilities in-service (Rx AIS alarms on the OCI should
clear).
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the OCLD, then the OCI circuit
packs, create the channel assignment and place the OCI facilities in-
service.
In amplified networks where APBEs are used, provision the APBEs
on the optical path between the transmitting OCLD and the receiving
OCLD.
83
Sequence for provisioning a new wavelength

OCLD/OCI or OCLD/OCI SRM connections
Autoprovision the corresponding OCLDs (the inventory and facilities are put in-
service).
Autoprovision the corresponding OCIs (the inventory is put in-service and the
facilities are out-of-service; the OCI Tx laser is in shutdown mode).
On the OCI, a -80 dBm Tx power monitoring reading indicates a laser shutdown
by software. The OCI Tx laser can be shutdown for the following:
Incomplete provisioning path on the System Manager (equipment / facility /
channel assignment).
Missing physical fiber connections for the provisioned path.
Active alarms within the circuit pack in question which can cause a surrogate
payload signal (SPS) to be injected.
Connect the OCI to the traffic source.
Follow the procedure appropriate to the type of OCI.
Place the OCI facilities in-service (Rx AIS alarms on the OCI should clear).
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the OCLD, then the OCI circuit packs,
create the channel assignment and place the OCI facilities in-service.
In amplified networks where APBEs are used, provision the APBEs on the optical
path between the transmitting OCLD and the receiving OCLD.
83
wavelength
> OCLD/OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCLD/OCI SRM GbE
connections
Autoprovision the corresponding OCLDs.
Autoprovision the corresponding OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE circuit
packs.
Verify the provisioning of the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE aggregate
facility and make any necessary changes.
For Gigabit Ethernet, make sure that the Auto-negotiation and Pause details
are provisioned correctly on the subtending equipment.
Connect the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE to the traffic source.
Place the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE aggregate facility and client-
side facilities in-service.
Move to the next shelf in the ring.
In amplified networks where APBEs are used, provision the APBEs on the
optical path between the transmitting OCLD and the receiving OCLD.
84

OCLD/OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCLD/OCI SRM GbE connections
Autoprovision the corresponding OCLDs (the inventory and facilities are put IS), OCI
SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE circuit packs (the inventory is put IS, the aggregate
facility is OOS, and the client-side facilities are OOS).
Verify the provisioning of the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE aggregate facility and
make any necessary changes.
If the protocol specified for the client-side facility in the channel assignment is Gigabit
Ethernet, make sure that the Auto-negotiation and Pause details are provisioned correctly
on the subtending equipment.
Connect the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE to the traffic source.
If the protocol specified for the client-side facility in the channel assignment is Gigabit
Ethernet, provision the Auto-negotiation and Pause details on the OCI SRM GbE/FC or
OCI SRM GbE circuit pack.
Place the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI SRM GbE aggregate facility and client-side facilities
in-service (Rx AIS alarms on the OCI should clear).
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the OCLD, then the OCI SRM GbE/FC or OCI
SRM GbE circuit packs, create the channel assignment and place the OCI SRM GbE/FC
or OCI SRM GbE facilities in-service.
In amplified networks where APBEs are used, provision the APBEs on the optical path
between the transmitting OCLD and the receiving OCLD. 84
wavelength
> OTR connections
Autoprovision the OTR.
Connect the OTR to the traffic source.
Place the OTR client facility in-service.
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the OTR circuit pack, create
the channel assignment and place the client facility in-service.
on the optical path between the transmitting OTR and the receiving
OTR.
85

OTR connections
Autoprovision the OTR (the inventory is put in-service, the Line facility is in-
service and the Client facility is out-of-service).
Connect the OTR to the traffic source.
For an unprotected connection, the OTR connects directly to the subtending
equipment.
For a protected connection, the OTR connects to subtending equipment
through a Transponder Protection Tray.
Place the OTR client facility in-service.
Note: When the client signal is coming from a transponder protection tray, for one
of the two OTR circuit packs involved, the client port Tx laser stays in shut down
mode (protection path).
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the OTR circuit pack, create the channel
assignment and place the client facility in-service.
path between the transmitting OTR and the receiving OTR.
85
wavelength
> Muxponder connections
Autoprovision the Muxponder and SFPs.
For Gigabit Ethernet, make sure that the Auto-negotiation and Pause
details are provisioned correctly on the subtending equipment.
Connect the Muxponder SFPs to the traffic source.
Place the SFP client-side facilities in-service.
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the Muxponder circuit pack,
create the channel assignment and place the client-side facilities in-
service.
on the optical path between the transmitting Muxponder and the
receiving Muxponder.
86

Muxponder connections
Autoprovision the Muxponder (the inventory is put in-service and the line-side
facility is in-service). All SFP modules equipped on the circuit pack also
autoprovision (the equipment is put in-service, but the client-side facilities are out-
of-service).
If the protocol specified for the client-side facility in the channel assignment is
Gigabit Ethernet, make sure that the Auto-negotiation and Pause details are
provisioned correctly on the subtending equipment. The Auto-negotiation and
Pause are available when the signal is Gigabit Ethernet and the GFP
encapsulation mode is set to GFP-T.
Connect the Muxponder SFPs to the traffic source.
If the protocol specified for the client-side facility in the channel assignment is
Gigabit Ethernet, provision the Auto-negotiation and Pause details on the
Muxponder SFP.
Place the SFP client-side facilities in-service.
Move to the next shelf in the ring, seat the Muxponder circuit pack, create the
channel assignment and place the client-side facilities in-service.
path between the transmitting Muxponder and the receiving Muxponder.
86
Sequence for deprovisioning a
wavelength
> OCLD/OCI, OCLD/OCI SRM, OTR, or Muxponder
connections
Put all corresponding OCI/OCI SRM, OTR, or Muxponder client port
facilities out-of-service.
Delete the corresponding channel assignment.
Disconnect the traffic source from the corresponding OCIs or OTR
client ports.
The path is now available to be provisioned with a new channel
assignment.
87
Sequence for deprovisioning a wavelength

OCLD/OCI, OCLD/OCI SRM, OTR, or Muxponder connections
Put all corresponding OCI/OCI SRM, OTR, or Muxponder client port facilities out-
of-service. Start with the originating or terminating shelf, and work your way in
order around the ring to the opposite end of the path.
Delete the corresponding channel assignment.
Disconnect the traffic source from the corresponding OCIs or OTR client ports.
The path is now available to be provisioned with a new channel assignment.
87
Lab Exercise: Channel assignment
demonstration (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this group activity is to demonstrate the different
steps involved into the channel assignment procedures.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Equipment Tab and its Subtabs and
the Connections Tab of the System Manager Interface.
88


Channel assignments.
System Manager.

NTPs (see above).
Network plan/wiring.
88
demonstration (cont)
> SMI hierarchy: Equipment, Connections and Configuration
89
T18797.gif
The Figure above shows the hierarchy of System Manager. Two tabs are highlighted
under the Equipment tab: Inventory (the circuit packs) and Facilities (the circuit packs
ports).
One tab is highlighted under the Connections tab: Channel Assignments. This
window is your point of entry for channel assignment procedures.
Provisioning information.
Here are the details that are assumed for your channel assignment :
You are the only one creating a channel assignment at that time.
All the OM5100/5200 circuit packs involved are provisioned.
The subtending equipments are fibered and In-service.
You will minimize the alarm count as you go.
89
> High level steps:
In order to minimize the alarms raised in such an operation, the facilities

involved will be left out of service until the path has been completed.
Have your network plan
Have the channel assignment information for all the shelves from site A to
Z (near end to far end)
Start at the far end (site Z) and provision the CP and the channel
assignment for that site
Repeat step 3 for all pass-through sites between site Z and site A
90
Above are the high level steps involved into provisioning a channel assignment.
90
> Example of a channel assignment.
Team Shelf Channel Mode End Bit Channel Channel Port Mode
# ID Point Rate Desc
Demo 12 B2C1 E Unprot. OCI 5 OC-12 Test-set lpback N/A Sonet
10 B2C1 W P-Thru N/A OC-12 Test-set lpback N/A N/A

B2C3 E
2 B2C3W Unprot. OCI 5 OC-12 Test-set lpback N/A Sonet
91
Note: Wavelength validation option must be disabled (unchecked) in order to prevent

Invalid OSID alarm.
91
A given Optical Metro 5100/5200 network plan
92
T18490
The channel assignment will create an unprotected connection between Terminal

site 1 and OADM site 4. To do so, the long path, west fibers of Terminal site 1 to east
fibers of OADM site 4, will be used.
92
A given Optical Metro 5100/5200 network shelves
93
T18491
Above figure shows the network plan used for this example. The channel assignment
will create an unprotected connection between Terminal site 1 and OADM site 4. To
do so, the long path, west fibers of Terminal site 1 to east fibers of OADM site 4, will
be used. The following connections must be built in order to build the end-to-end
connection.
Start at far end (site 4 sh #12) unprotected connection for OC-12 using B2C1 E,
with end point OCI in slot 5
Passthrough connection at site 3 shelf #10 OC-12 using B2C1 W and B2C3 E,
remember to disable wavelength validation
Finish at the near end (site 1 sh #2) unprotected connection for OC-12 using
B2C3 W with end point OCI in slot 5.
93
> SMI: Channel assignments - Band scope
94
T18646.png
Note: The facilities that are provisioned are the only ones that will appear on the
channel assignment window. If you change shelves while the Band scope is on, the
information will stay the same even after a refresh. To change the information to
reflect the new shelf, remove the band scope first, then refresh the screen.
Use the band scope feature to view all the shelves that carry a particular band in a
ring.
Using this feature will help identifying all shelves that require provisioning.
94
> SMI: Channel assignments Add channel
95
T18647.png
95
> SMI: Channel assignments Status IS
96
T22104.gif
Use of channel scope

This option will show all provisioned channels (sections) with the same channel name
has the selected channel.
96
Lab Exercise: Channel assignment demonstration (cont)
Activity review.
1. In which scenario would you turn the Automatic Laser Shutdown feature OFF before creating a
new channel assignment?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
97
Lab Exercise: Provision channel
assignments (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to familiarize yourself to Optical Metro
5100/5200 channel assignment procedures by provisioning diverse
connections using System Manager.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the Equipment Tab (including subtabs)
and the Connections Tab of the System Manager Interface to
provision the following connection types;
Unprotected connections
Protected connections
Channel assignments using SRM OCI
Channel assignments using OTR
Channel assignments using S-SRM OCI
Channel assignments using OCI SRM GbE/FC
98
Now its your turn to provision channel assignments.
Shelf IP User name Password
This is a Team activity. Complete the activity as detailed by the instructor.


Channel assignments.
System Manager.

NTPs (see above).
98
Provisioning information
Here are the details that are assumed for your channel assignment:
You are NOT the only one creating a channel assignment at that time.
All the Optical Metro 5100/5200 circuit packs involved are provisioned.
The subtending equipments are fibered and In-service.
You will minimize the alarm count as you go.
Following the flowchart figures, here are the high level steps involved into
provisioning a channel assignment.
However, in order to minimize the alarms raised in such an operation, the facilities
involved will be left out of service until the path has been completed.
1. Have your network plan.
2. Have the channel assignment information for all the shelves from site A to Z
(near end to far end).
3. Start at the far end (site Z) and provision the Circuit Pack (CP) and the
channel assignment for that site.
4. Repeat step 3 for all pass-through sites between site Z and site A.
5. Complete you provisioning at the near end.
6. Set all client facilities IS (Start at the far end).
7. Make sure that the newly provisioned channel assignment is alarm free.
99
Lab Exercise: Provision channel assignments (cont)
Provision an unprotected channel assignment.
For this exercise you will use the Equipment Tab and its Subtabs and the
Connections Tab of the System Manager Interface.
Shelf # Channel Mode End Bit Channel Channel Desc Port Port Port PM
ID Point Rate name (SRM) name Desc Mode
100
Lab Exercise: Provisioning channel assignment (cont)
Activity review.
1. Could you see the channel assignments done by the other teams as you were creating yours?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What is the meaning of an OCLD Rx AIS alarm?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
101
Provision a protected channel assignment.
For this exercise you will see that the main provisioning differences involved in a
protected channel assignment residing in the Channel Assignment window. Note
that you will have to provision the protection parameters after the channel
assignment is completed.
102
Activity review.
1. What is the advantage of sending the clients signal on two different optical fiber paths?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Can I provision the protection parameters at the same time as I create my protected channel
assignment?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
103
Provision an channel assignment using an SRM OCI
For this exercise you will see that the main provisioning differences involved with
the use of an SRM circuit pack residing in the Facilities and Channel Assignment
windows. Note that all four ports will be assigned to the same channel.
104
Activity review.
1. Can you add and drop each of the four ports of an SRM individually to different locations/sites in
your Optical Metro 5100/5200 network?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Do I have to provision the same bit rate and protocol for each of the ports of the SRM?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. From what you have learned, which of the four ports should be provisioned as the timing source
for the card?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
105
Provision an channel assignment using an OTR
the use of an OTR circuit pack residing in the Facilities and Channel Assignment
windows. Note that there are two facilities for the circuit pack, the line side (LS) and
the client side (CS).
106
Activity review.
1. Can you set the state (IS or OOS) of the client side and line side individually or do they work in
tandem ?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
107
Provision a channel assignment using an S-SRM OCI
the use of an S-SRM circuit pack residing in the timing source. Still, all four ports
will be assigned to the same channel but the two first ports provisioned will be
identified as the active and standby clock reference timer.
Optical Metro timing dialog box
T18475
108
Activity review.
1. Can you change your timer reference sources once the four ports are part of a channel
assignment ?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
109
Provision an channel assignment using an OCI GbE/FC
For this exercise, once you have provisioned the channel assignment, the
concatenation type and the transport mode for an OCI SRM GbE/FC aggregate
facility, you will specify the transport structure. These tasks will be performed using
the System Manager Facilities and channel assignment windows.
110
Activity review.
1. Which concatenation type allows you to increase the bandwidth?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Can you provision different concatenation types on ports 1 and 2 of the OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit
pack?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
111
Lab Exercise: Provision protection
switches (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to learn Optical Metro 5100/5200
protection switching principles.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the protection window for a protected
connection from the Channel Assignment tab and the protection
window for an OCM circuit packs from the Inventory tab.
112

323-1701-546, Maintenance and Replacement Procedures.

Protection switching.
System Manager.
Protection management.

NTPs (see above).
112
switches (cont)
> SMI Channel Assignment dialog box: Protection tab
Note that you must manually provision revertive protection parameters
Switch request are issued here
113
T18652
113
switches (cont)
> SMI Inventory: OCM Protection dialog box
114
T22105.png
114
switches (cont)
> Protection switch hierarchy
State/Command Issued by Effect on revertive Effect on non- Comment
path switching revertive path
switching
Lockout USER Locks the working path Locks the current Must be issued at both
(highest priority) working path ends. Not applicable to
the OCMs
Force USER Switches traffic to the Switches traffic to the Make sure you issue a
protection path. protection path. manual switch first
Automatic SYSTEM Switches traffic to the Switches traffic to the Will override a manual
protection path until the current protection path. request
working path is valid
again.
Manual USER Re-routes traffic to the Re-routes traffic to the A gentle Force switch
selected path but only if selected path but only if
the path is valid. the path is valid.
WTR SYSTEM Provisionned time that N/A User provisionnable

(lowest priority) the system will wait waiting period between 5
before returning to a and 12 minutes.
valid working path after
an Automatic switch
115
Protected switch hierarchy

There are five operative states for protection switches: lockout (highest), force,
automatic, manual and wait-to-restore (WTR) (lowest). Table above shows the
hierarchy of the different states. A higher state will override a lower state. Some of
these states are user provisionable and some are managed by the system.
Protection switches are issued in various maintenance activities.
115
Lab Exercise: Provision protection switches (cont)
Group activity! Perform protection switches.

It requires a system with a provisioned and alarm free protected channel assignment.
Provision Protection, Manual, Force and Lockout commands:

1. Make sure that you have a protected channel assignment available. All facilities must be IS and
traffic must flow.
Note: Preferably, an optical test-set is used at the near end client port and an optical fiber
loopback is in place at the far end client port. A subtending equipment that visually reports
Loss of Signals is also valid, instead of a test-set, for this activity.
2. Edit your protection settings and make this connection a revertive one with a wait to restore time
of 5 minutes.
3. Clear any alarms for the current path. You can also validate that the path is error free with the
test-set or by having no LOS on your subtending equipment.
4. Clear the Event Console.
5. In the Channel Assignment window, locate the current working path.
6. At the near end, pull out (or remove) the working OCLD or OTR. Which slot was the circuit pack
located in? __________________________________
7. Has the traffic been dropped? ________________________________
8. What are the related alarms/events generated at the near end, far end and pass-through sites
(look also in the event console)?
Far end: __________________________________________________________
Near end:__________________________________________________________
Pass-through sites: __________________________________________________________
116
9. How can you explain each of these alarms/events?

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
10. Try to perform a manual switch to the circuit pack removed in step 6. Did it
work? Why? _____________________________________________
11. Try to perform a force switch command to the circuit pack removed in step 6.
Did it work? Why? _________________________________________
12. Reseat the circuit pack removed in step 6.
13. What is the path status? (see channel assignment window)

_________________________________________________________
14. Once the Wait To Restore (WTR) period has elapsed (performing a manual
switch will accelerate the process), pull the backbone fibers in the direction of
the Active OCLD. Which direction is it? (West or East)
___________________________________________________________
15. Try to perform a manual switch to the path that was disconnected in step 14.
Did it work? Why?_____________________________________________
16. Try to perform a Force switch to the path that was disconnected in step 14. Did
it work? Why?_________________________________________________
17. Release the switch requests and reconnect the backbone fibers.
18. Make sure that the path is alarm free and then clear the Event Console again.
19. End of activity.
117
Group activity! Perform an OCM switch (OM5200 only)

It requires a system with a provisioned and alarm free protected channel
assignment.
1. Make sure that you have two OCMs seated in your shelf. They must be in-
service and working properly.
2. Clear the Event Console.
3. In the Inventory window (look at Figure 15) click on the Protection radio button or
right-click on an OCM and select the Protection option.
4. Do a manual switch to the OCM in slot 9, click on the Apply button.
5. What was the impact on the traffic? What happened (look at the protection
information window and in the Event Console)?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6. Pull-out or turn OOS the OCM in slot 10.
7. What was the impact on the traffic? What happened (look at the
protection information window and in the Event Console)?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8. Reseat the OCM in slot 10 or turn it back IS.
9. End of activity.
118
Activity review.
1. Where would you use a Lockout command instead of a Force command?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. When and why would you switch traffic to either OCMs?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
119
Lab Exercise: Provision loopbacks
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to learn how and when to set
loopbacks on an OM500-series network.
> Description :
For this exercise you will use the modify window from the
Equipment /Facility tab.
120

323-1701-546, Maintenance and Replacement Procedures.
323-1701-222, Test Procedures.

Loopback.
Creating a facility or terminal loopback.

NTPs (see above).
120
(cont)
> Type of Optical Metro 5100/5200 loopbacks

There are two types of loopbacks that can be issued :
facility loopback and terminal loopback.
Terminal Facility
Loopback Loopback
121
OM0001t
Type of Optical Metro 5100/5200 loopbacks

There are two types of loopbacks that can be issued: facility loopback and terminal
loopback. A facility loopback connects the Tx to the Rx of a single circuit pack. A
terminal loopback sends a signal through the backplane, through the circuit pack and
returns the signal through the backplane again.
You can only create loopbacks on OCI and OCLD circuit packs that are part of a
channel assignment. Loopbacks are issued against the facility of the circuit pack.
The facility must also be in an out-of-service state.
Circuit pack Facility loopback Terminal

loopback
All OCIs (but SRM and S-SRM OCIs) Y, each port Y, aggregate
SRM and S-SRM OCIs Y Y
OCLD Y NO
OTR Y NO
OSC Y, each port Y, aggregate
121
(cont)
> Testing graduated loopback
122
OM1150t
Testing graduated loopback.

Use this procedure to locate faults without removing or replacing network equipment.
You can perform this test for an entire traffic path from one location and for OCI and
SRM circuit packs.
The graduated loopback test starts at one endpoint and progressively checks for
errors as you add segments across the network path to the other endpoint. If you
add a segment and detect an error, the error is located in the circuitry you most
recently added to the path.
Note: The test set must operate at the same bit rate provisioned for the channel you
are testing.
122
(cont)
> SMI Facilities window: Facility dialog box
The facility must be OOS
Here select your loopback
123
T18654.png
123
(cont)
> System Manager: Facility window with loopback
See the change in the Loopback field
124
T18655
124
Lab Exercise: Provision loopbacks (cont)
Group activity. It requires a system with a provisioned and alarm free protected
channel assignment.
Perform Facility and Terminal loopbacks in a graduated loopback procedure.
1. Make sure that you have a channel assignment available. All facilities must be
IS and traffic must flow.
Note: Preferably, an optical test-set is used at the near end client port and an
optical fiber loopback is in place at the far end client port. A subtending
equipment that visually reports Loss of Signals is also valid, instead of a
test-set, for this activity.
2. If you are using a protected channel assignment, lockout the traffic at both ends
on the working path.
3. Before operating a loopback procedure, you would first verify that all required
channel assignments are present, that there are no equipment alarms and that
all the facilities involved are IS and working properly.
4. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that these verifications were
done.
5. Perform a Facility loopback. Which alarms are generated?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. Release Facility loopback.
7. Perform a Terminal loopback. Which alarms are generated?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
8. Release Terminal loopback.
9. Remove any protection switch issued.
10. End of activity.
125
Lab Exercise: Provision loopbacks (cont)
Activity review.
1. Why would you perform loopbacks?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
126
Lab Exercise: Using ALS and ALR
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to learn how the Automatic Laser
Shutdown (ALS) and the Automatic Laser Recovery (ALR) features
impact the operations of an Optical Metro 5100/5200 network.
> Description :
During this activity, you will observe the Optical Metro 5100/5200
systems behavior in Automatic Laser Shutdown and Automatic Laser
Recovery conditions.
127

Automatic Laser Recovery.
Automatic Laser shutdown.

NTPs (see above).
127
(Mandatory)
> SMI hierarchy: NE Admin
128
T18797.gif
128
(cont)
> Using the SMI, enable the ALS feature.
129
T18544.
Lab Exercise: Using ALS and ALR (Mandatory)

The Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS) feature shuts down DWDM lasers and consequently
brings the power level down to the Class I hazard level (10 dBm) within three seconds. In
networks equipped with OSC circuit packs, the OSC circuit packs remain operational when
ALS is enabled. In case of a fiber cut, this feature provides safety to people repairing the
broken fiber. The default value of the ALS feature is Disable after an upgrade to Release
6.0.
The implementation of the ALS feature consists of three main steps:
Laser shutdown when either the remote or local shelf detects a Loss of Signal alarm.
Signal monitoring for the clearing of the Loss of Signal alarm on an individual channel
basis.
Manual or automatic laser recovery (ALR) operation on an affected shelf through the
System Manager or TL1 to restore all spans in ALS mode after the fiber is repaired.
Using ALS
1. Open one of the backbone fibers of the Optical Metro 5100/5200 network.
2. List some of the alarms that are raised due to the fiber break.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Using the SMI, enable the ALS feature. The figure above shows how to enable the ALS
feature.
129
(cont)
> ALS operation
130
T18656
The following example illustrates the steps that the system takes in order to shut
down the lasers.
Above figure assumes that a single fiber break took place between Shelf A and
Shelf B.
Shelf B detects a 0.5 second LOS condition and shuts down the Tx laser.
Shelf A then detects the same type of LOS condition in the opposite direction and
shuts down its Tx laser.
The entire round trip from the fiber cut completes within 3 seconds in order to
comply with industry standards. If the fiber cut is not repaired, within 3 seconds the
power level in the system is brought down to a hazard level 1.
130
4. List some of the new alarms that are raised because of the ALS feature being
enabled.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
5. Repair the fiber break.

6. Initiate the manual recovery procedure.
7. Wait until all related alarms are clear.
8. Enable ALR.
9. Open one of the backbone fibers of the Optical Metro 5100/5200 network.
10. Once the laser shutdown is completed, repair the fiber break.
131
The figure below illustrates how automatic recovery works in the example system
after the fiber is repaired:
You enable ALS automatic recovery at Shelf A.
Shelf A initiates pulses to the remote end. It may take up to five minutes for the
first pulse to occur. After the first pulse, the circuit pack will pulse a 2 second
burst of light at the rate of 1 burst every 200 seconds.
Shelf B detects the clearing of the LOS and activates its Tx laser.
Shelf A then detects the clearing of the LOS and keeps its Tx laser on
11. How long did it take for the ALR to reactivate all the lasers?
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
132
Summary
Provisioning circuit packs and managing traffic
Activity: Channel assignment demonstration
Activity: Provision a channel assignment
Unprotected connection
Protected channel assignment
Using an SRM OCI
Using an OTR
Using S-SRM OCI
Using an OCI GbE/FC
Activity: Provision protection switches
Activity: Provision loopbacks
Activity: Using ALS and ALR
133
133
134
Network Equalization
Lesson 4
nortel.com/training
135
Lesson Objectives

> Describe the components involved in amplified network
equalization
> Describe the procedures involved in amplified network
equalization
> Explain amplification and equalization techniques
> Perform equalization tasks
136
136
Amplification Eastbound/ Westbound
Direction of amplifiers:
Eastbound
Westbound
137
T18786.gif
Direction of amplifiers
Amplifiers can be eastbound or westbound.
The eastbound fiber originates from the East side of a site (Tx) and terminates at the
West side of the downstream site (Rx). The westbound fiber originates from the West
side of a site (Tx) and terminates at the East side of the downstream site (Rx).
Location of amplifiers
There can be three possible OFA shelf locations to new or existing sites.
There can be:
A pre-amplifier to a DWDM site to amplify inbound traffic.
A post-amplifier to a DWDM site to amplify outbound traffic.
An OFA site consisting of only an OFA shelf (thru amp).
137
Equalization techniques
Purpose of Equalization
To maintain a sufficient optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR)
To balanced power between adjacent sites
To ensure that power levels fall within the dynamic range at the receiver.
138
T18786
Purpose of Equalization
When you add amplifiers to your network, you must balance or equalize the power
levels of the bands going into the OFA circuit packs. You must equalize the power
levels to ensure that OSNR is in specifications for all channels, power between
adjacent sites is balanced to prevent excessive cross-talk and finally power levels fall
within the dynamic range allowed at the receiver.
About power levels;

Total input power to the OFA is less than or equal to 11 dBm (-23 dBm per
channel) for the STANDARD OFA circuit pack and is less than or equal to -8 dBm
(-20dBm per channel) for the HIP OFA both provide a +23 dB gain. For the OFA
VGA total input power is less than or equal to -2 dBm (-14 dBm per channel for a
max of +17 dB gain) for a controllable output gain between +7 to +17 dB gain.
Launch power into the fiber in low enough to prevent non-linear effects.
138
Methods to perform network
equalization
One of the following methods can be used to equalize the
network:
Distributed equalization.
Centralized equalization.
SLEC (System Level Equalization Control).
139
T18786
139
Distributed Equalization
140
OM1265p.gif
Distributed equalization
Distributed equalization is achieved by using attenuator pads in the OMX. The
attenuator pads ensure that the signal power of each band as it is added to the
aggregate signal is controlled so that going into the OFA circuit pack, all individual
band power levels fall within acceptable variance limits.
Various levels of attenuator pads are available in a single kit that can be used for
distributed equalization.
To satisfy the amplifier input power rules, you can install attenuators at the add port
of an OMX, at the input of an amplifier and at the output of an amplifier.
Shown above is a example of attenuator pad placement for an amplified network

using distributed equalization. In the case of ADD bands, the attenuator pads are
placed in the Band Add port of the upstream OMX module.
140
Centralized Equalization
141
T22115.gif
Centralized equalization
Centralized equalization occurs at the point in the network where the OFA circuit
pack is located. With centralized equalization, the individual bands are separated,
attenuated, and recombined just prior to entering the amplifier.
Centralized equalization uses per band equalizers to provide equalization. There are
many variants of per band equalizers that may be used to provide centralized
equalization. These include:
APBE, which is a circuit pack providing PBE functionality.
PBE, which provides only the per band equalizer functionality.
Equalizer Coupler Tray (ECT), which includes a per band equalizer and a C&L
splitter/coupler.
All three components allow you to attenuate signal power on a per-band basis. The
ECT and the PBE are 1 U high, rack-mounted components that contain variable
optical attenuators (VOAs) that you use to manually adjust the power of individual
bands. The APBE is a two-slot wide circuit pack that contains electronic variable
optical attenuators (eVOAs) that you use to adjust band power remotely, through the
Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager Interface (SMI).
Shown above is an example of APBE placement for an amplified network using

centralized equalization.
141
System Level Equalization Control
(SLEC)
> The SLEC feature is responsible for the coordinated
system-wide equalization or re-equalization of an
amplified network.
142
T22107.gif
System Level Equalization Control (SLEC)
With the APBE circuit pack and the introduction of the OFA VGA circuit pack, Optical
Metro 5200 now offers automated system-wide equalization or re-equalization of a
network. The System Level Equalization Control (SLEC) feature is responsible for
the coordinated system-wide equalization or re-equalization of an amplified network.
The steady state mode (when not equalizing) keeps all of the components in
constant gain mode such that the system remains stable much like an APBE
controlled system pre-release 8.0. Upon initiation of SLEC, each of the gain
controllable devices (i.e., the APBE and OFA VGA circuit packs) are adjusted to
meet their pre-engineered power targets that have been provisioned at
commissioning time and obtained from NMT or the Nortel Custom Equalization
Report.
The SLEC application always equalizes all components in one direction before
equalizing components in the opposite direction. SLEC equalizes the eastbound
components at all sites and then all westbound components. To equalize a system,
there are two modes of operation One-time equalization where the system is
equalized once, and Continuous equalization where the system is constantly
monitored and re-equalized as required.
142
(SLEC)
> SLEC is not a link budget optimizer
> SLEC is when gain controllable devices are
adjusted to meet their power targets and then
switch into constant gain mode
> The power targets are obtained from NMT or the
custom link engineering equalization report.
> SLEC equalizes the eastbound components at all
sites and then all westbound
> Two methods of SLEC:
One-time
143
Continuous
System Level Equalization Control (SLEC) (cont)
It is important to note that SLEC is not a link budget optimizer. The application only
instructs each component to reach the required power target and then switch into
constant gain mode. SLEC does not change the power target of a component, which
is provisioned at the time of initial installation. The power targets are obtained from
NMT or the custom link engineering equalization report.
Deployment rules
SLEC only operates on systems that conform to the following requirements:
OSC is equipped at every site in a system where SLEC will be used.
An Ethernet hub must be installed at sites having more than two shelves. The
Ethernet hub is needed to hub together all the shelves using their Ethernet port 2.
When a site has only two shelves, an RJ-45 cross-over cable can be used to
connect the two shelves.
At multi-shelf sites, all shelves at the site must have the same site identifier and
the same hubbing group.
All OFA circuit packs in the system are either OFA HIP or OFA VGA. An APBE or
APBE Enhanced circuit pack must be placed before all OFA HIP circuit packs.
143
Deployment rules (cont)
The first amplifier a channel encounters must be equalized using an APBE . That
is, this amplifier cannot be equalized using fixed attenuator pads, a PBE, an ECT
or a discrete VOA.
All power targets must be obtained from NMT. For Extended Metro networks, the
power targets must be obtained from the Nortel Networks Custom Equalization
Report.
Circuit packs in the same band must be of the same type or must be part of this
group: OCLD 2.5 Gbit/s, OCLD/OTR 2.5 Gbit/s Flex, OCLD/OTR 2.5 Gbit/s
Universal, OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced, Muxponder 10 Gbit/s. OCLD 1.25 Gbit/s
circuit packs cannot be part of this group.
OMX type must be OMX 4CH Enhanced.
All OCLD, OTR, Muxponder circuit packs in the shelfs west plane must be
fibered to a west OMX and all OCLD, OTR, Muxponder circuit packs in the shelfs
east plane must be fibered to an east OMX.
User provisioning required for SLEC to operate
Direction and location
OSID
Power targets
OSC equipment attributes for linear systems
Automatic Laser Shutdown
Ethernet Port 2
Direction and location
For OFA and APBE circuit packs, the location (pre, post, thru, pre2, thru2) and
direction (eastbound, westbound) must be provisioned. The OFA and APBE
direction and location information is required even when SLEC is not used. If it is
not, the Incomplete Provisioning alarm is raised.
OSID
For interconnected rings or networks that contain more than one optical system,
an Optical System Identifier (OSID) must be provisioned to associate line
equipment to optical system. For consistency, all components on the same optical
system should have the same OSID provisioned. If all equipment in the system
has a blank OSID then SLEC assumes it is all on the same system. If any piece of
equipment is ever given a non-blank OSID then SLEC fails or halts until all
equipment is given the same OSID (blank or otherwise). In other words, a blank
OSID is only allowed when it is the only OSID, and other features that do not
support blank OSIDs are not being used (IFS, multiple-system network, hub and
spoke). OCLD, OTR, Muxponder, OSC, APBE or OFA circuit packs that are
seated in a shelf but are in the deleted state will prevent SLEC from running.
These circuit packs must be unseated or be put in the out-of-service state with the
OSID provisioned to allow SLEC to run.
144
User provisioning required for SLEC to operate (cont)
Power targets
Power targets need to be provisioned for each gain controllable device (APBE
and OFA VGA). The power targets are obtained from NMT. For Extended Metro
networks, the power targets are obtained from the Nortel Custom Equalization
Report. Even if the system requires re-equalization following a channel
addition/removal, those powers targets should not have to be changed as long as
the network has been validated for the channel addition/removal with the same
targets. APBE and OFA VGA channel counts do not need to provisioned since
SLEC automatically determines the channel count. APBE eVOA facilities 1 to 4
must have the eVOA Provision parameter set to Channel, not Band.
OSC equipment attributes for linear systems

Not Connected must be set for either the West Neighbor attribute or the East
Neighbor attribute at the end-point nodes of a linear system.
Automatic Laser Shutdown

ALS must be disabled before SLEC is used to equalize a newly installed system
or when SLEC is used to re-equalize a system as a result of band
addition/removal. It can be turned on after SLEC completes. ALS does not need
to be disabled when SLEC is used to re-equalize a system as a result of channel
addition/removal.
Ethernet Port 2
The default values for the Ethernet Port 2 IP address and Ethernet Port 2 mask
must be used. At multi-shelf sites, all shelves at the site must have the same
Ethernet Port 2 access control (None, Filter or Encrypt) provisioned and Ethernet
Port 2 must be enabled. It is recommended to also enable Ethernet Port 2
alarming for easier troubleshooting when errors are reported.
145
(SLEC) main screen
146
T22106.gif
System Level Equalization Control (SLEC) main screen

The SLEC interface:
Allows users to select a system to equalize using the OSID.
Displays the sites associated with the OSID.
Allows users to start or stop the equalization.
This new screen provides an interface to select a desired OSID where SLEC is to
take place. Once the OSID is selected, a list of sites that belong to the OSID are
displayed in the Site List table.
When the Equalize System button is clicked, SLEC first checks that the selected
system is in the correct state to perform equalization. If the validation passes, SLEC
starts. If the validation fails, a descriptive reason is displayed and SLEC does not
perform equalization.
Users can obtain the current status of the equalization process at any time. While
SLEC is in progress, users can cancel the process at anytime by clicking the Stop
Equalization button.
146
(SLEC) details screen
147
OM2759t
System Level Equalization Control (SLEC) main screen

While SLEC is in progress, users can double-click on the site (a table entry) to view
the details (see above) of the SLEC process down to the component level (per
facility).
Alarm strategy
SLEC does not raise any alarms.
147
Cascaded amplifiers
148
T18787.gif
Cascaded amplifiers attenuation

Some network configurations may require multiple OFA shelves to be connected to one another,
forming a chain of amplifiers. This is referred to as cascading OFAs. In this case, it is important that
the signal be equalized in the correct order, starting at the transmitting OCLD, OTR or Muxponder,
moving toward the receiving OCLD, OTR or Muxponder in both directions. Many options exist in the
case of cascaded amplifiers:
OFA VGAs.
Fixed attenuator pads can be placed at the input of the amplifiers.
An ECT with VOAs can be used.
Discrete VOAs.
Any of the centralized equalization components can also be used.
Note: When both C-band and L-band signals are present, the C&L splitter/coupler will be
required (this functionality is included in the ECT ).
For example, in the diagram above two optical spans are shown. In the optical span number 1, it is
important the bands be equalized at site A before attenuating the signal at site B. Equalizing and
attenuating the bands in correct order is important since the equalization (or attenuation) of the input
of the OFA would impact the output, therefore effecting the input of the downstream OFA. Then for
span number 2 you would equalize at site B then attenuate at site A. Another option would be to use
OFA VGAs here.
A maximum of ten OFA VGAs can be cascaded providing that the OSNR requirements stated in the
OSNR rule are met and that the maximum input power limits are not exceeded (the OSNR rule is
documented in Network Planning and Link Engineering, 323-1701-110). This rule applies to all bit
rates. 148
OFA shelf topology
149
OM1086p.gif
OFA shelf slot configurations

Even though the shelf slots are flexible of where you can put OFA circuit packs, the
graphic above is an example of the recommended slot use:
Slots 9 and 10 must contain OCM circuit packs
Slot 19 must contain an SP circuit pack
Slot 20 can contain only an OSC circuit pack (or a filler card if the OSC is not being
used)
Up to 4 OFA circuit packs (Standard or HIP) can be inserted in slots 4 to 8 and 14
to 18.
Up to 8 APBE circuit packs can be inserted in slots 2 to 8 and 12 to18.
Note: The above shows an OFA shelf slot assignments (C-band and L-band, no
APBE) this is just an example.
149
OFA shelf topology
150
OM2520p

The above graphic shows an example of an OFA shelf slot assignments with APBEs.
An example with a C-band OFA in slots 1-4 and 11-14 plus C-band APBE in slots 5-6
and 15-16. If L-band is present then you would need another shelf and could use the
same slots as above but, using L-band circuit packs.
150
OFA shelf topologies
151
OM2718p

The above example shows having a pre and post OFA VGA for C-band and L-band
in the same shelf along with an APBE C-band and L-band Post OFAs.
In this example the top graphic could be for the East direction and another shelf
could be used for the West direction.
On networks using both C and L band amplifiers and APBEs, the East and West
shelf topology can be used to help ensure that fibers carrying working and protection
traffic are routed separately, and to ensure that it is clear which amplifiers serve the
east side of the site and the west side of the site given the physical shelf location.
151
Mixed Shelf Enhancements
Supports a mix of service circuit packs and amplification

circuit packs in a shelf.
Previously supported circuit packs:
OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT
OFA (Optical Fiber Amplifier) ; Standard, HIP (High Input Power), Variable
Gain Amplifier (VGA)
APBE (Active Per Band Equalizer)
New supported circuit packs in Release 9.00:

OTR/OCLD 2.5G Universal*
OTR/OCLD 2.5G Flex*
Muxponder 2.5 Gbit/s GbE/FC
OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT Extended Reach
* : Support for all OCI interfaces (OCLD)

152
Mixed shelf type enhancements

Release 9.0 expands support of the Mixed Shelf topology introduced in Release 8.0.
The Mixed Shelf topology supports a blend of amplifier and traditional OADM
functions in the same shelf in order to reduce the network element footprint.
In release 8.0, the mixed shelf type supported the following circuit packs:
OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT
OFA (Optical Fiber Amplifier) ; Standard, HIP (High Input Power), Variable Gain
Amplifier (VGA)
APBE (Active Per Band Equalizer)
With release 9.0,the following additional circuit packs are also supported
OTR/OCLD 2.5G Universal
OTR/OCLD 2.5G Flex
Muxponder 2.5 Gbit/s GbE/FC
OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT Extended Reach
152
Lab exercise: Lab Equalization
(Optional)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to equalize a Optical Metro 5200
network using both distributed and centralized equalization
techniques.
> Description :
There are two parts to this group activity. In part 1, a distributed
equalization technique will be used, in part two, a centralized. Using
the procedures in the NTPs (required NTPs are listed below) and the
information in the lab handout (equalization report section), complete
the equalization of an Optical Metro 5200 network.
153

323-1701-222, Testing and Equalization Procedures.
323-1701-102, Hardware description.

Equalization
Centralized equalization.
Distributed equalization.

You will use the following materials in this activity:
NTPs (see above).
Various tools needed for the equalization.
153
Lab Equalization (cont)
Part 1: Distributed equalization

Using the Master index in the 323-1701-090 NTP and the keywords listed above, locate
the correct procedure in the NTP. Perform the steps as indicated by the procedure.
Remember to read (and follow) the requirements and the precautions before starting the
test procedure.
Part 2: Centralized equalization

Using the Master index in the 323-1701-090 NTP and the keywords listed above, locate
the correct procedure in the NTP. Perform the steps as indicated by the procedure.
Remember to read (and follow) the requirements and the precautions before starting the
test procedure.
154
OFA equipment screen
155
OM2793t
New OFA and APBE Locations

In releases prior to release 8.0, OFA and APBE circuit pack provisioning required
users to provision the OFA and APBE location as either Pre, Post, or Thru. Release
8.0 introduces two new OFA and APBE locations: Pre2 and Thru2. This is to support
the dual OFA topologies when two OFAs are placed back-to-back in a pre-amplifier
or a thru-amplifier topology.
OFA equipment screen

The System Manager OFA equipment screen (see above) is modified by the location
field. A similar change is done for the APBE equipment screen.
The choices are:
Pre.
Pre2.
Post.
Thru.
Thru2.
If you right-click on the OFA in the Equipment/Inventory screen and click Modify, you
will have access to the Inventory settings. This is used when you are adding or
modifying an OFAs Inventory settings. Follow the instructors guidelines.
155
APBE equipment screen
156
OM2794t
APBE associated equipment attributes

In previous releases, users could provision the type of device the APBE physically
connects to. The possible values a user could provision was OFA Standard or OFA
HIP. Once provisioned, it sets a maximum output power target that software uses
when the individual band facilities are put in-service to ensure that Rx overload
values on the OFA are not exceeded. In Release 8.0, users can now also provision
OFA VGA or DSCM as valid equipment that connect to an APBE.
APBE equipment screen

The System Manager APBE equipment screen is modified to include new
Associated Eqpt attributes. This identifies the equipment the APBE connects to.
The OFA choices are:
Standard.
High Input Power.
Variable Gain.
If you right-click on the APBE in the Equipment/Inventory screen and click Modify, you
will have access to the Inventory settings. This is used when you are adding or
modifying an APBEs Inventory settings. Follow the instructors guidelines.
156
OFA VGA Component Level Power
Equalization screen
157
OM2757t.tif

OFA VGA Component Level Power Equalization screen
To start OFA VGA component level power control, select the OFA VGA facility from
within the System Manager Equipment Facilities screen and right-click the selection to
bring up the menu item. After selecting the Equalize menu item, the Component Level
Power Equalization screen is displayed as shown above. Component Level Power
Equalization is started by clicking on the Adjust Power button.
157
APBE Component Level Power
Equalization screen
158
OM2796t.tif

APBE Component Level Power Equalization screen
To start APBE component level power control, select the APBE facility from within the
System Manager Equipment Facilities screen and right-click the selection to bring up
the menu item. After selecting the Equalize menu item, the Component Level Power
Equalization screen is displayed as shown above. Component Level Power
Equalization is started by clicking on the Adjust Power button.
158
OFA VGA facility screen
159
OM2753t

OFA VGA facility screen
The above graphic shows the OFA VGA facility screen dialog box. Here you will have
to set your Number of channels and Channel Output Power Target. Remember
to follow the procedures located in the NTPs as the provisioning of the OFA VGA was
done with values gathered while engineering the network.
If you right-click on the OFA VGA in the Equipment/Facility screen and click Modify,
you will have access to the Facility settings. Follow the instructors guidelines.
159
System Manager: APBE facility screen
dialog box
160
T22109.gif
The above graphic shows the APBE dialog box. Here you will have to set your target
powers on a per band or per channel basis. Remember to follow the procedures
located in the NTPs as the provisioning of the APBE has to be done in a certain
sequence with values gathered while engineering the network.
Note: Choose the channel setting for the use of the System Level
Equalization Control (SLEC). This is given to you by the network designer or
the Network Modeling Tool (NMT).
If you right-click on the APBE in the Equipment/Facility screen and click

Modify, you will have access to the Facility settings. Follow the
instructors guidelines.
160
Summary
Equalization techniques:
Distributed
Centralized
Amplification circuit packs and equalization components
Activity: Lab equalization
161
161
Check your learning Describe the Optical Metro 5200 Equalization techniques
1. What are the 5 choices of locations for an OFA or APBE in the Equipment/Inventory screen?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. OFAs can be cascaded at the same site and/or at different sites.?
a. Yes
b. No
3. What is the recommended per channel input for the different OFAs for maximum gain?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the gain for the different OFAs?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. What should you do with unused bands on the APBE?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Which methods can be used to equalize power levels when using an OFA.
______________________________________________________________________________
162
Maintenance
Lesson 5
nortel.com/training
163
Lesson Objectives

> Perform maintenance tasks according to the procedures
listed in the Optical Metro 5100/5200 Technical Practices.
164
164
Safety Handling Precautions
Danger
!
! Warning
Hazard
When carrying out any work on the Optical Metro 5100/5200-

series system ensure that all warnings and safety instructions
contained within the procedures are complied with.
165
Important
It is important that you know how to handle and maintain Optical Metro 5100/5200
electronic components to ensure effective operation. Incorrect handling or
maintenance procedures could cause damage to the components, or worse, to
yourself.
Safety Handling Precautions

When carrying out any work on the Optical Metro 5100/5200 system ensure that all
warnings and safety instructions contained within the procedures are complied with.
165
Lab exercise: Replacing a suspect
OCLD
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to demonstrate the different steps
involved in the replacement of a circuit pack. The circuit pack will be
changed for a like for like circuit pack. A protected channel
assignment will be considered.
> Description :
There is an intermittent fault that requires you to change an OCLD on
the protected circuit. This must be carried out without loss of service
and will involve use of Protection Switching. The circuit pack
replacement in this instance will be Like for Like. The OCLD that has
failed will be replaced by a card with same parameters and
performance.
166
Lab exercise: Replacing a suspect OCLD (Mandatory).
Use your lab layout diagram to locate the circuit packs to be changed (each team will replace one
OCLD).
323-1701-310 Provisioning and Operating Procedures.
323-1701-546 Maintenance and Replacement Procedures.
OCLD.
Replacing.
NTPs (see above).
166
Lab/ network layout diagram
167
T18467.gif
Now its your turn! Replace a defective OCLD.

This is a team activity.
Defective OCLD to be replaced.
Team Shelf Assigned OCLD

Site/Shelf/Circuit Pack
Shelf IP User Name Password
167
Channel Assignment dialog box
168
T18537.gif
Protected channel assignment consideration (Group).

If you are replacing an OCLD that is part of a protected connection, you will need to
make sure that the traffic is locked on the working path (the path that will carry traffic
while you are replacing the OCLD).
168
Channel Assignement: Protection
169
t18470
Changing a defective OCLD (Team).

Make sure your replacement OCLD is the same type of OCLD (bit rate, band
and channel).
Make sure you are logged in to SMI.
169
Lab exercise: Replacing a suspect OCI
> Objective :
involved in the replacement of a circuit pack. The circuit pack will be
changed for a like for like circuit pack. A protected channel
assignment will be considered.
> Description :
There is a service change on a given channel assignment. The OCI at
the near end and the far end need to be changed for that new service.
Since the circuit pack is not physically available at the moment, you
will use the Add wizard to add the circuit pack and complete your
provisioning.
170
Lab exercise: Replacing a suspect OCI (Mandatory)

Use your lab layout diagram to locate the circuit packs to be changed (each team will
replace one OCI).
323-1701-310 Provisioning and Operating Procedures.
OCI.
Replacing.
NTPs (see above).
170
Lab/ network layout diagram
171
T18467.gif
Now its your turn! Changing the type of OCI fitted.

This is a group activity.
OCI to be replaced.
171
Inventory: Add Wizard
172
t18538
Changing the type of OCI fitted.

Here are the high level rules that you must comply with:
You must remove connections before deleting an OCI.
You must take a facility OOS before deleting the facility.
You must delete a facility before deleting the inventory.
Note 1: The information from the card will remain in the inventory. To remove
this information, remove the circuit pack from the backplane and refresh the
screen.
Note 2: Failing to carry out this procedure for changing dissimilar circuit
packs may result in a Circuit pack Mismatch alarm.
172
Add Wizard: provisioning data
173
t18539
Note: If you were to physically replace the OCI, after adding it through the Add
wizard, and placing the Facility IS and building a connection the Channel
assignments Status would go into IS after the card completed its self-test and auto-
provisioning procedures (1 min.).
173
Lab exercise: Replacing the cooling
unit in an Optical Metro 5200/5100
shelf
> Objective :
involved in the replacement of a cooling unit.
> Description :
There is a service change on a given channel assignment. The
cooling unit shelf needs to be changed since a single fan has failed.
174
Lab exercise: Replacing the cooling unit in an Optical Metro 5200/5100 shelf
(Optional)
Use your lab layout diagram to locate the cooling unit to be changed (each team will
replace one cooling unit).
Cooling unit.
Replacing.
NTPs (see above).
174
Replacing the cooling unit in an
Optical Metro 5200/5100 shelf
175
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY OM0141t OM1112t
Replacing the cooling unit in an Optical Metro 5200/5100 shelf.

Note: Nortel recommends that the air filter be replaced every six months.
Replace the cooling unit if one of the fans in the unit fails. The entire cooling unit
must be replaced even if only one fan fails. Nortel recommends that you replace the
cooling unit within 72 hours of the Cooling Unit Fail/Missing alarm being raised.
CAUTION
Risk of service interruption
The shelf can operate for a maximum of 10 minutes at room temperature (25
degrees Celsius/77 degrees Fahrenheit) with both the cooling unit and air filter
removed.
When replacing the cooling unit, the air filter as well as the cooling unit must be
completely removed to ensure thermal convection cooling and maintain error free
operation during the replacement interval.
Do not disconnect power to the cooling unit when you replace the air filter.
Disconnecting the power to the cooling unit will affect traffic as it shuts off the power
to the whole shelf. The power of the cooling unit can stay ON for the entire duration
of this procedure.
Consult the NTPs for more information.
175
Lab exercise: Replacing an SP circuit
pack (Mandatory)
> Objective :
involved in the replacement of a shelf processor.
> Description :
There is a circuit pack change on a given shelf. The shelf processor
needs to be changed since it is faulty.
176
Lab exercise: Replacing an SP circuit pack (Optional)

Locate the circuit pack to be changed (each team will replace one SP).
Shelf Processor.
Replacing.
NTPs (see above).
176
Replacing an SP or eSP circuit pack
177
t18726.jpg
Replacing an SP or eSP circuit pack.

Optical Metro 5200
You must have at least one OCM circuit pack seated and provisioned in slot 9 or slot
10 of the Optical Metro 5200 shelf in order to replace the SP circuit pack. Also,
make sure that the software load on the shelf is in a committed state.
Optical Metro 5100
You must have at least one non-SP circuit pack seated in the Optical Metro 5100
shelf in order to replace the SP circuit pack. Also, make sure that the shelf is
commissioned.
Notes:
If you are using a PC to upgrade the replacement SP, you must have access to the
load files on the PC to have access to the load files. You may get these load files
by one of two methods:
Installing the Optical Metro Release 9.0 software on your PC from the software CD
[If installing the load files from a CD, the default location for the load files is:
<drive>:\NortelNetworks\OPTeraMetro\Library\<load number>, where <drive>
is C or D (as selected during installation), and <load number> is the number of
the Optical Metro 5100/5200 software load (i.e.
C:\NortelNetworks\OPTeraMetro\Library\9.0)].
Download the Release 9.0 load files from another shelf, to get a local copy of the files
from another shelf to your PC, use the Backup Original Load procedure from the
NTPs (The default location for load files is:
C:\NortelNetworks\OPTeraMetro\LoadBackups\<load number>).
177
Of these two methods, it is recommended to get the load files from the software
CD. When installing the files (using either method), remember to note the directory
in which you saved the files, as this location will be needed during SP replacement.
CAUTION
Risk of losing visibility
During SP replacement, System Manager (SMI) sessions launched from SPs
with a lower release version than 6.0 will have no visibility to Release 9.0 network
elements in the system.
Risk of losing visibility
If an OFA or Mixed shelf only has data communication visibility through an OSC
circuit pack (such as an OFA shelf at a standalone OFA site), replacing the SP
may cause remote loss of visibility if the SP being used as the replacement is
running release 3.1 or a lower software load. If this is the case, you must connect
a PC directly to the 10BASE-1X port in order to upgrade the SP circuit pack at
that site.
Risk of losing contact
Removing the SP circuit pack will cause a loss of contact if the user is logged into
the ring through another node.
ATTENTION
Alarms may be raised during the replacement procedure due to software
variations in the SP circuit pack. Do not take any action. These alarms will clear
once the procedure is completed.
The eSP introduced in Release 9.0 is a redesign of the existing SP that offers
performance improvements in the areas of computational speed, I/O bandwidth,
and available free memory. The eSP also offers 100BaseT Ethernet capabilites
compared with the existing SP that supports 10BaseT capabilities only.
The SP must meet the minimum software baseline of release 3.2 for an Optical
Metro 5100 shelf. If the SP carries an earlier software load, the Optical Metro
5100 shelf will fail to initialize. The eSP is 100% backwards compatible with the
SP for software release 9.0 and above. You can replace the SP with the eSP
transparently. The network can accommodate any combination of SP and eSPs.
A mix of SPs and Enhanced SPs (eSP) are supported within a network system
that is running release 9.0 or higher. You can replace an SP with an eSP, or an
eSP with an SP as long as the system is running Release 9.0 or higher in either
case.
178
Replacing an SP circuit pack
> SP replacement overview

> There are five basic steps in replacing an SP circuit pack:
1. Prepare for replacement
Note all active alarms, save event logs, disable IFS, disable Ethernet port 2 access control
Directly connect to the shelf
Ensure you have Release 8.0 load file and SMI.bat file
2. Replace the SP circuit pack

3. Determine the software version of the new SP
4. If necessary, transfer the Release 9.0 load to the replacement SP
5. Set the time on the SP and reset any parameters that were changed during the
Prepare for replacement steps
179
Replacing an SP circuit pack (Mandatory)
179
Replacing an SP circuit pack
> SP replacement methods

SP Version Shelf Version SMI startup SP upgrade
method method
2.1 9.0 2.1 on SP Transfer and
Cancel
Cancel

Cancel

Cancel
4.0 9.0 9.0 via SMI.bat Missing Library

or 5.0 on SP
6.0 or later 9.0 9.0 via SMI.bat Missing Library

or 6.0 on SP
180
Replacing an SP circuit pack (Mandatory)
SMI.bat file
If you are using a PC to upgrade the replacement SP, you must have access to the
load files on the PC to have access to the SMI.bat file. You may get these load files
by one of two methods:
Download the Release 9.0 load files from another shelf.
Installing the Optical Metro Release 9.0 software on your PC from the software
CD.
To get a local copy of the files from another shelf to your PC, use the Backup
Original Load procedure. The default location for load files is
C:\NortelNetworks\OPTeraMetro\LoadBackups\<load number>.
180
Summary

Maintenance and replacement procedures
Circuit pack replacement procedures.
Connector cleaning procedures.
Team activity: Replacing a suspected OCLD
Group activity: Changing the type of OCI fitted using the Add Wizard
Cooling unit replacement
SP replacement
181
181
Check your learning Describe the Optical Metro 5100/5200 System Manager Interface
(SMI)
1. How often should you replace the Optical Metro 5100/5200 air filter?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Why would you need to replace the cooling unit?
____________________________________________________________________
3. The shelf can remain powered up while replacing the cooling unit?
a. True
b. False
4. It is possible to replace an SP that has release 6.1 into a shelf that is running release
9.0?
a. True
b. False
182
Performance Monitoring
Lesson 6
nortel.com/training
183
Lesson Objectives

Identify the Performance Monitoring features
Complete the Perform Performance Monitoring procedures
according to the NTPs
184

procedures
184
General description
>Facility performance monitoring

Measures errors on the signal.
>Equipment performance monitoring

Measures the optical receive and transmit power levels.
>Generic operational measurements

Are counts that can be asynchronously retrieved and cleared for the
OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack.
>Ethernet operational measurements

Measures the Ethernet layer statistic
185
General description
Performance monitoring (PM) allows you to detect degradation in the network on a timely basis. An
aspect of surveillance, performance monitoring works with measurable performance parameters
(PPs) that count or gauge the quality of payload signals and transmission equipment.
Optical Metro 5100/5200 provides four types of performance monitoring:
Facility performance monitoring measures errors on the signal.
Equipment performance monitoring measures the optical receive and transmit power levels.
Generic and Ethernet operational measurements are counts that can be asynchronously
retrieved and cleared.
Rules for provisioning PM modes and each type of the PPs.
Facility PP counts are binned into 15-minute, 1-day, and untimed bins. Equipment PPs are not
binned. A Threshold Crossing Alert (TCA) is associated with the current bin of the facility PPs in
general and the current reading of the equipment PPs.
Operational measurements (OMs) are supported for the OCI SRM GbE/FC, OTR 10 Gbit/s
Enhanced, OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra, Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT, and Muxponder 2.5 Gbit/s
circuit packs only. OMs are binned into 15-minute, 1-day, and untimed bins. OMs do not have TCAs
associated with them.
Note: The Muxponder circuit packs are also referred to as multiplexer optical transponder or
MOTR.
185
PM modes provisioning rules
> PM mode must be specified at the connection level for each facility
involved. Each facility has its own PM mode.
> PM mode must be specified as part of the channel assignment
creation. The default PM mode depends on the configured protocol
rate and the type of circuit pack.
> SONET and SDH PPs are supported on both SONET and SDH
signals. 8B/10B PPs are supported on certain 8B/10B signals.
64B/68B PPs are supported on the OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced circuit
pack in LanPhy mode.
> SFC PPs are supported on the Rx signal for the configured
protocol rate on OCI, OCI SRM, OCLD, OTR, and OFA circuit packs
that do not have another type of facility performance monitoring.
> PM mode can be changed while in-service, after a connection is
provisioned by editing the channel assignment for the facility.
> When the PM mode or protocol rate is changed in the channel
assignment, the PP counts are reset to 0 and the TCA threshold
and reporting status is reset to the default.
186
186
PM modes
> PM modes define what type of PPs to collect.
SONET
SDH
8B/10B
8B/10BWAN
Signal Failure Count (SFC)
GigE
Agile
Digital Wrapper
LanPhy
None
187
PM modes
PM modes define what type of PPs to collect. The following PM modes are
available:
SONET
Section, Line, Path (near end and far end)
SDH
Parameters in this mode are similar to those in SONET mode except it counts the
block errors instead of BIP-8 errors.
8B/10B
8B/10B encoding is used for such protocols as Fibre Channel, Gigabit Ethernet,
ESCON, and FICON.
8B/10BWAN
This PM mode is only supported on the OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack for FICON
and FC100 protocols.
187
PM modes (cont)
Signal Failure Count (SFC)

This PM mode is supported on any protocol that does not have other means to
do performance monitoring.
In this mode, all near-end traffic affecting failure events are counted and
durations are recorded in 1-second periods. A failure event is counted when failure
starts. A failure event that begins in one 1-second period and ends in another
period is counted only in the period in which it begins.
GigE
This mode is supported on the OCI SRM GbE/FC and OCI SRM GbE circuit
packs and on the client facilities of the Muxponder 2.5 Gbit/s and Muxponder 10
Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT circuit packs for Gigabit Ethernet protocol. The parameters
are based on Frame Check Sequence error (InframeError OM counter) and loss of
signal (LOS) and loss of synchronization (LOSYNC) defects.
GigEWAN
This mode is only supported on the client facilities of the Muxponder circuit pack.
The parameters are based on uncorrectable errored super block (GFP) and loss of
frame delineation (LFD) defects. Note: The GigEWAN mode is collected on the
WAN port. It is only supported when the encapsulation mode is set to GFP-T on
Muxponder circuit packs.
Agile
This mode is only supported on the OCI SRM circuit pack for the aggregate
signal. The parameters on the aggregate port are similar to the SONET section
PPS and the parameters on the path ports are similar to the SONET path
parameters except that they are based on proprietary header.
Digital Wrapper
This mode is only supported on the line side of the OTR 10 Gbit/s. Enhanced
and OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra circuit packs with the SONET, SDH, 10G Ethernet LAN
and 10G Clear Channel protocols. The error counts are based on (FEC) and BIP-8
LanPhy
This mode is only supported on the client side of the OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced
circuit pack and as a PM mode on the OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra circuit pack on the client
side for the 10 Gbit/s Fiber Channel protocol. The error counts are based on
64B66B functions provided in the Ethernet signal.
None
By selecting None, this disables performance monitoring.
Note: Equipment PPs are always collected regardless of the specified PM mode.
188
Facility PMs
> Optical Metro 5100/5200 facility PMs provides cumulative facility counts
that measures the quality of the payload signal
> Facility counts are reported on the following:
SONET section overhead

SDH Regenerator section overhead
Proprietary OCI SRM overhead
8B/10B section overhead
189
Facility performance monitoring

Optical Metro 5100/5200 facility performance monitoring provides cumulative facility
counts that measure the quality of the payload signal.
Facility counts are collected and stored in bins for each performance parameter. Bin
counts are kept for 15-minute and 1 day intervals, and for one untimed interval. You
can query the current values that are being collected, and view historical counts for
the previous day, and for 32 previous 15-minute intervals.
Provisionable PM bin zero suppression and history bins the Optical Metro
5100/5200
Performance Monitoring (PM) system maintains history bins. There are 32 history
bins for 15-minute bin readings.
Normally the current 15-minute bin rolls over into the history bin and is cleared to
begin counting for the next 15-minute period. With zero suppression, the current bin
is not rolled over into history if it has no count (equal to 0) and the bin does not have
an Invalid Data Flag (IDF). In this way the history bins contain only the last 32 time
periods with non-zero counts and not simply the last eight hours of data (32 x 15
minutes).
The user can provision one of following settings related to PM bin zero suppression
for the shelf:
All Zero Suppression: all PM modes and OMs perform zero suppression
No Zero Suppression: no zero suppression for all PM modes
SDH Zero Suppression: perform zero suppression only for SDH PM mode
189
Facility PP collection and reporting
> The Facility PPs represent information on surveillance that occurred in the
past (delay by 20 seconds).
> The 20 second delay in reporting counts has the following implications:
PM counts reported in the System Manager reflect a period of time up to 20
seconds in the past
PM threshold crossing alerts (TCAs) are raised as a result of a condition that
occurred between 10 and 20 seconds in the past
190
Facility PP collection and reporting
The Facility PPs represent information on surveillance that occurred in the past
(delay by 20 seconds). Counting is taken on the individual circuit packs, and then
updated to the current PM count bins.
The 20 second delay in reporting counts has the following implications:
PM counts reported in the System Manager reflect a period of timeup to 20

seconds in the past
PM threshold crossing alerts (TCAs) are raised as a result of a condition that
occurred between 10 and 20 seconds in the past.
190
Facility PM TCA thresholds
> Each facility PM count has two provisionable thresholds
> a 15 minute threshold
> a 1 day (24 hour) threshold
191
Facility PM TCA thresholds

In a reliable network, PM counts or measures fall within acceptable, pre-determined
thresholds. When a threshold is reached or crossed, a threshold crossing alert (TCA)
is raised.
Each facility PM count has two provisionable thresholds:
A 15 minute threshold that generates an alert if the PM count in the current 15-
minute bin meets or exceeds the threshold value.
A 1 day (24 hour) threshold that generates an alert if the PM count in the current
1-day bin meets or exceeds the threshold value.
191
Equipment PMs
> Real-time readings of optical power levels.

> Four parameters are monitored:
Tx Power High
Tx Power Low
Rx Power High
Rx Power Low
> Factors that affect the performance of the fiber
plant:
Bent, pinched or broken fibers.
Dirty connectors.
Degraded electro-optical components.
192
Equipment PMs
Equipment PMs are a real-time reading of the optical receive and transmit power
levels. The readings are used to measure the degradation of lasers or of the fiber
plant.
Four parameters are monitored:
Tx Power High.
Tx Power Low.
Rx Power High.
Rx Power Low.
Note: The current reading of the Tx Power High and Tx Power Low parameters is
the transmit optical power value. The current reading of the Rx Power High and Rx
Power Low parameters is the receive optical power value.
Factors that affect the performance of the fiber plant include:
Bent fibers (Optical signals degrade if you exceed a 1.18-inch (30-mm) bend
radius when you coil or bend the fiber).
Pinched or broken fibers.
Dirty connectors.
Degraded electro-optical components.
192
Equipment PM TCA reporting
> The equipment PMs have two NON-provisionable thresholds:

Degrade which generates an alert
Fail which generates a critical alarm
> The default values are determined by circuit pack type, protocol and PM
mode
> Power threshold PMs are available on:
All OCLD
All OFA
ALL APBE
SONET/SDH OCI
OCI (2.5Gbit/s and GbE)
All OTR (Both Tx and Rx on Client and Line ports)
> Power threshold PMs are NOT available on:
All SRMs (Agile SRM, SSRM, ESCON SRM, GbE/ FC SRM)
193
Equipment PM (TCA) thresholds

Each equipment gauge PP has two non-provisionable thresholds:
A degradation threshold that generates an alert if the PM gauge exceeds the
threshold value.
A failure threshold that is used to generate a critical or major alarm if the PM
gauge exceeds the threshold value, depending on whether the facility is on an
active or protected path.
Each equipment gauge PP also has one user provisionable threshold that generates
a minor alarm if the PM gauge exceeds the user-defined threshold value.
Default threshold values are determined by the circuit pack type and protocol rate.
193
Equipment PM (TCA) thresholds (cont)
Power threshold performance monitoring is supported by the following circuit
packs:
all OCLD
all OFA
OCI SONET/SDH
OCI 2.5 Gbit/s
OCI 1.25 Gbit/s GbE (no TCA on Tx port)
OTR 10 Gbit/s, and OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced (Tx and Rx ports for both line-
side and client-side)
OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra for line side only
OTR 2.5 Gbit/s Flex and OTR 2.5 Gbit/s Universal (Tx and Rx ports for both
line-side and client-side)
all Muxponder (Tx and Rx ports for both line-side and client-side)
all APBE
The OCI SRM, OCI SRM SONET/SDH, OCI SRM SONET/SDH LTE, OCI SRM
ESCON, OCI SRM GbE/FC, and OCI SRM GbE circuit packs do not currently
support power threshold performance monitoring.
The current Tx and Rx power reading is also available on the Facilities tab under
Equipment in the System Manager. Power levels for each circuit pack are listed in
the "Tx dBm" and "Rx dBm" columns.
Equipment threshold values for a particular circuit pack are listed in separate
tables in Technical Specifications NTP 323-1701-180.
194
Equipment PM collection and
reporting
> The following table lists the conditions to raise and clear Equipment PM
TCA Type Raise Clear
Degrade TCA When the current When the current

counts reach the counts reach the Clear
Degrade Threshold Threshold
Fail TCA When the current When the current

counts reach the Fail counts reach the
Threshold Degrade Threshold
User TCA When the current When the current

counts reach the user- counts reach the user-
defined Threshold defined Threshold
Note: Fail TCA masks Degrade TCA. Degrade TCA masks User TCA
195
Equipment PM collection and reporting
Equipment PPs reported in Optical Metro 5100/5200 represent a period of

surveillance that occurred in the past. The value of each Equipment PP reported in
the System Manager is the optical power level of the signal 10 seconds ago. In this
regard, Equipment performance monitoring is meant to be used to detect
degradation in the network on a timely basis. It is not intended to provide a real-time
reading of the optical power level.
The 10 second delay in reporting Equipment PPs does not affect the raising of
alarms or alerts when the optical power level crosses the fail or degrade threshold.
The appropriate alarm or alert is raised at the time when the condition is detected.
Similarly, the alarm or alert is cleared when the condition has cleared.
PM user interfaces
The System Manager and TL1 support performance monitoring.
195
Operational Measurements
> Two type of OMs are supported:
Generic OMs which are not specific to an interface type (LAN side
and WAN side)
Ethernet OMs which are only collected for Ethernet interfaces
196
Operational measurements
Operational measurements (OMs) are counts that can be asynchronously retrieved
and cleared for the OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack.
Two type of OMs are supported:
Generic OMs which are not specific to an interface type (LAN side and WAN
side).
Ethernet OMs which are only collected for Ethernet interfaces.
All OM counters are 64-bit counters. They are not binned and do not have TCAs
associated with them. OM counters are updated every second on the OCI SRM
GbE/FC circuit pack.
OMs are available for the OCI SRM GbE/FC, OCI SRM GbE/FC Enhanced,
Muxponder 10 Gbit/s GbE/FC VCAT or OCI SRM GbE circuit pack only if the
corresponding channel assignment and at least one path is provisioned. OMs are
available for the OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced circuit packs only if the corresponding
channel assignment is provisioned.
Since Rel. 9.0, both performance monitoring and operation measurements counts
are now reported on the SNMP management platform.
196
PM Main window
> The Performance Monitor main window is context-sensitive, and consists of
three distinct areas:
PM Query Criteria
PM Query Results
PM Details
197
T21050.png
PM main window
The Performance Monitor main window is context-sensitive, and consists of three

distinct areas:
The top, which is the PM Query Criteria view.
The middle, which is the PM Query Results view; this portion has the following
views;
One for equipment PM.
One for facility PM.
One for generic OMs (OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack only).
One for Ethernet OMs (OCI SRM GbE/FC circuit pack only).
The bottom, which is the PM Details view
Note: Refer to Provisioning and Operating Procedures, 323-1701-310., for a list of

performance monitoring procedures.
197
Lab Exercise: Making a PM query
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this group activity is to demonstrate how to select
options to define your PM query and to view the results of the query.
> Description :
Using the procedures in the NTPs (required NTPs are listed below)
and the information provided by the instructor, create and view a PM
query.
198

323-1701-101, Software and user Interface.
Performance monitoring.
Making a PM query.
NTPs (see above).
Optical test-set.
198
(cont)
> SMI hierarchy: Performance monitor, Launch PMs
199
T18797.gif
199
(cont)
> System Manager: Launch Performance Monitor window
Click on Launch button to start the Performance Monitor window
200
T18501.gif
200
(cont)
> System Manager: Performance Monitor window
Select desired tab here
201
T18502.png
201
Activity review.
1. If there are some CVs at the Rx port of the OCI at the near end, will the CVs be present at the Tx
of the far end OCI?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
202
Lab Exercise: Resetting facility counts
to zero (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this group activity is to reset the facility counts to zero
using the SMI.
> Description :
and the information provided by the instructor, reset the facility counts
to zero.
203

Performance monitoring procedures.
Resetting facility counts to zero.
NTPs (see above).
203
Lab Exercise: Resetting facility counts
to zero (cont)
> PM view details/modify attributes window
Right click
204
T22111.png
204
Lab Exercise: Resetting facility counts to zero (cont)
Activity review.
1. When is it recommended to reset facility count to zero?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
205
Lab Exercise: Enabling or disabling
TCA reporting at the parameter level
(Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this group activity is to demonstrate how to enable

and disable Threshold crossing alerts (TCA).
Note: If you disable TCA reporting on a bin that has raised a TCA, the TCA is cleared. If you enable TCA
reporting on a bin that has a count that meets or exceeds its threshold, a TCA is raised.
> Description
and the information provided by the instructor, enable the TCAs for a
connection.
206

Enabling facility TCA reporting.
NTPs (see above).
206
Lab Exercise: Enabling or disabling
TCA reporting at the parameter level
(cont)
> PM Threshold tab. SES enabled.
Change TCA status Select Threshold
207
T22112.png
207
Activity review.
1. If you disable TCA reporting on a bin that has raised a TCA, the TCA is
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
208
Lab Exercise: Adjusting PM threshold
values (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this group activity is to demonstrate how to adjust
facility or equipment thresholds values, at card or shelf level, as
required.
If you decrease the threshold value for a bin, you can cause the TCA for that bin to raise. If you increase the
threshold value for a bin, youcan cause the TCA for that bin to clear.
> Description
and the information provided by the instructor, change the facility
threshold of a given Performance Parameter (PP).
209

Adjusting facility PP threshold values.
NTPs (see above).
209
Lab Exercise: Adjusting PM threshold
values (cont)
> PM Threshold tab. Select card or shelf.
Select card or shelf
210
T22114.png
Shelf level parameters
T21051.png
Card level parameters
T22113.png
210
Activity review.
1. If you decrease the threshold value for a bin, you can cause the TCA for that bin to
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
211
Summary
Performance monitoring (PM) allows you to detect degradation in the network

on a timely basis. An aspect of surveillance, performance monitoring works
with measurable performance parameters (PP) that count or gauge the
quality of payload signals and transmission equipment.
Facility performance monitoring.
Measures errors on the signal.
Equipment performance monitoring.
Measures the optical receive and transmit power levels.
Operational measurements (generic or Ethernet).
Are counts that can be asynchronously retrieved and cleared for the OCI
SRM GbE/FC circuit pack.
PM modes define what type of PPs to collect.
212
212
Check your learning
1. Facility Performance Monitoring (PM) measures errors on _________________and Equipment

PM measures ______ and ______ power levels.
2. Facility PM counts are reported on _________________ overhead.
3. What does (.) indicate in the IDF invalid data flag column?
______________________________________________
4. What does (?) indicate in the IDF invalid data flag column?
______________________________________________
5. In equipment performance monitoring how many parameters are monitored? What are they
called?
______________________________________________
6. Operational measurements (generic or Ethernet) are counts that can be asynchronously

retrieved and cleared for which circuit packs?
______________________________________________
213
214
Troubleshooting
Lesson 7
nortel.com/training
215
Lesson Objectives

Manager Interface
Gather information on a Optical Metro 5100/5200 network using
System Manager Interface
Briefly describe security features (login types and customer user
class)
Briefly describe provisionable alarm severity
Gather information about alarm suppression for CPL interoperability
216
Testing and Equalization Procedures 323-1701-222

Procedures
Trouble Clearing and Alarm 323-1701-542

Reference Guide.
216
Alarm Suppression for CPL
interoperability
> 3 alarms disabled with CPL interoperability only;

Band Input Failure (BIF)
Shelf Input Failure (SIF)
Band Alarm Indication Signal
> 2 alarms raised instead against DWDM wavelengths connected to CPL;

Loss Of Signal (LOS)
Invalid Signal (IVS)
217
Alarm suppression for interoperability with CPL (Common Photonic Layer).

To permit interoperability with the CPL, Optical Metro 5100/5200 Release 9.0 and above
suppresses alarm raising on certain circuit packs.
The following alarms are disabled only on Optical Metro 5100/5200 platforms with CPL
interoperability:
Band Input Failure (BIF)
Shelf Input Failure (SIF)
Band Alarm Indication Signal
Instead, the following alarms are raised against DWDM wavelengths from Optical Metro
5100/5200 Release 9.0 platforms connected to CPL:
Loss of Signal (LOS)
Invalid Signal (IVS)
That is, the shelf will instead raise the appropriate individual circuit pack alarms. For example,
instead of raising a single BIF against the OMX circuit pack, each circuit pack within a failed
band raises its own LOS alarm.
The following circuit packs support this new alarming scheme:
OTR/OCLD 2.5 Gbit/s Flex 100 GHz
OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced 100 GHz
OTR 10 Gbit/s Ultra 100 GHz
OTR 10 Gbit/s Enhanced 100 GHz 1310 nm DWDM Tunable
all 100 GHz compliant Muxponder 10 Gbit/s circuit packs
217
Lab Exercise: Troubleshooting
scenario 1 (Mandatory)
> Objective :
The objective of this activity is to troubleshooting the Optical Metro
System.
> Description :
Using the System Manager Interface and the NTPs, follow the
appropriate procedure to clear alarms or troubles.
218

323-1701-542, Trouble Clearing and Alarm Reference Guide.
323-1701-222, Testing and Equalization Procedures.
Testing the Optical Metro 5100/5200 system.

NTPs (see above).
As described by NTP procedure.
218
Troubleshooting scenario 1
What are the current raised alarms?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
What is the procedure to be used to clear the alarm/ condition?

_______________________________________________________________
According to the documentation, what are the probable causes that might raise this
alarm.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
What is the impact of this alarm (service affecting or non-service affecting). Under
which conditions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What was the cause of the trouble(s)?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
219
> Objective :
System.
> Description :
220


NTPs (see above).
220
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
alarm.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
which conditions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
221
> Objective :
System.
> Description :
222


NTPs (see above).
222
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
alarm.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
which conditions?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
223
scenario 4 (Optional)
> Objective :
System.
> Description :
224


NTPs (see above).
224
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
alarm.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
which conditions?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
225
> Objective :
System.
> Description :
226


NTPs (see above).
226
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
alarm.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
which conditions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
227
> Objective :
System.
> Description :
228


NTPs (see above).
228
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
alarm.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
which conditions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
229
230
Safety guidelines
Addendum A
nortel.com/training
Lesson overview
This lesson provides an overview of safety precautions for the craft person as well as
safety measures to be taken when handling equipment.
231
Safety
Lesson objectives

> Identify the safety guidelines you must follow when working
on optical equipment
> Describe the Optical fiber Cleaning procedure
> Understand the reasons for preventing anti-static discharge
232
232
What is a laser?
The word Laser is an acronym:
> L ight
> A mplification by
> S timulated
> E mission of
> R adiation
233
233
Laser Classification
The eight laser classification

categories are:
> Class I
> Class 1M (new)
> Class II
> Class 2M (new)
> Class IIIa
> Class 3R (new)
> Class IIIb
> Class IV
234
Laser classification is designed so that all personnel that may work near or be
exposed to a live Optical Fiber Communication System (OFCS) can easily identify
the potential hazards of the laser.
The ANSI Z136.1 has always striven to have classification guidelines and
requirements closely harmonized with the corresponding international laser safety
standard issued by the International Electro technical Commission (IEC).
Three new classes of lasers are being created 1M, 2M and 3R.
Lasers are classified into one of eight possible Laser Classification categories by
using a formula that uses the lasers wavelength, power levels and maximum
permissible exposure (MPE) times.
234
Class I e.g CD Player

Class I lasers are generally:
> Single Mode Lasers
> Low-power Lasers That Only Travel Short
Distances
> Lasers That Do Not Produce Laser
Radiation Levels Above The Maximum
Permissible Exposure (MPE) Level
> Not Hazardous If Accidentally Viewed
Through A Reflection Or Diffuse Source
235
Laser Classification Class I
Class I products are safe under reasonable foreseeable conditions of operation,

including the use of optical instruments (e.g., eye loupes or magnifiers) to view the
beam.
An example of a Class I laser device is a portable CD player.
235
Class 1M
Class 1M lasers are generally:
> Single Mode Lasers
> Low-power Lasers That Only Travel Short Distances
> Lasers That Do Not Produce Laser Radiation Levels Above The
Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Level
> Eye Safe For Unaided Viewing Only
236
Laser Classification Class 1M
Such lasers are equivalent to class I provided optical instruments (magnifiers or

telescopes / binoculars) are not used. There is no cap on the total output of the laser
product (although the laser must not exceed the Class IIIb limit).
Eye safe for unaided viewing only.

Safe for Most Reasonably Foreseeable Situations.
Warning Statement Concerning Optical Viewers.
Military IIIa classes become 1M or 2M.
236
Class II e.g. Laser pen
Class II lasers are generally:
> Single Mode Laser

> Low-power Lasers That Only Travel Short Distances
> Capable Of Producing Laser Radiation Levels Above The MPE
Level If Viewed At Close Distance For A Long Period Of Time
! CAUTION
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
SAFETY PROCEDURES POSTED

WHERE APPLICABLE
Class II, IIa or IIIa IN USE
Although the Class II laser has the potential to be dangerous to the eyes,
the natural reflex of the eye to blink makes harmful effects unlikely.
237
Laser Classification Class II
This applies only to the visible portion of the spectrum, as it relies on the bodys own
aversion responses (blinking, pupil contraction etc.) to limit exposure to a short time.
An example of a Class II device is a Laser pen.
237
Class 2M
> Visible divergent lasers and Class IIs
> Do not use optical viewers
> Momentarily viewing only
238
Laser Classification Class 2M
A laser product having visible emission which is unsafe if magnifying viewing

instruments are used, but which is safe for accidental momentary viewing by the
unaided eye. Such lasers are equivalent to class II if viewed without magnifying aids.
Applies to Visible (400 -700 nm) Lasers.

Unaided viewing safe due to aversion response.
Must not be viewed with loupes & telescopes.
Aperture & Class 2M label.
Specific warnings vary based on type of beam & viewer.
238
Class IIIa e.g Telecoms equipment
Class IIIa lasers are:

> Either single or multimode lasers ! CAUTION
> Medium-power lasers
> Capable of producing laser radiation levels above INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
the MPE level DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
SAFETY PROCEDURES POSTED

> Capable of damaging the eyes if viewed by a fiber WHERE APPLICABLE
scope that doesnt have a light attenuator Class II, IIa or IIIa IN USE
incorporated into it
Laser Safety Eye Protection must be worn when scoping

or cleaning fiber.
239
Laser Classification Class IIIa
These lasers are used in most Telecommunication Optical equipment.
When viewing a fiber that may be connected to a circuit pack, always make sure that
the circuit pack is disconnected from the backplane (powered down). Never rely on
another person removing the card for you. Always carry out a power level check
before viewing.
239
Class IIIb e.g Telecoms equipment
Class IIIb lasers are:

> Multimode Lasers
> High-power Lasers
> Capable Of Producing Laser Radiation Levels
Above The MPE Level
> Capable Of Damaging The Eyes If Viewed With
The Unprotected eye
3A (IEC)
IIIb (FDA)
=1550nm
nominal
Laser Safety Eye Protection must be worn when

conducting any activities that may expose a live laser.
240
Laser Classification Class III b
These lasers are used in most telecommunication optical equipment..
When viewing a fiber that may be connected to a circuit pack always make sure that
the circuit pack is disconnected from the backplane (powered down). Never rely on
another person removing the card for you. Always carryout a power level check
before viewing.
240
Class 3R
Class 3R lasers are:
> Multimode Lasers
> High-power Lasers
> Capable Of Producing Laser Radiation Levels Above The MPE Level
> Capable of damaging the eyes if viewed with the unprotected eye
Laser Safety Eye Protection must be worn when scoping

or cleaning fiber.
241
Laser Classification Class 3R
Transitional class including IIIa and IIIb pointers. Eliminates most IIIb classes.
Class 3R products have beams that are potentially hazardous if viewed directly, but
the risk is lower than for Class IIIb and few engineering features or control measures
are required.
Unsafe for the eye, but the risk of injury is low.
Correct labeling: The user should take note of indicated warnings and follow
instructions printed on the labels.
Appropriate user documentation, giving instructions on safe use and warnings of
any precautions that are necessary.
Eye hazard for chronic viewing and unsafe for viewing with optical viewers.
241
Class IV e.g Industrial
Class IV lasers are:
> Multimode Lasers
> High-power Lasers
> Capable Of Producing Laser Radiation Levels Above The MPE Level
> Capable Of Damaging The Eyes If Viewed Even For A Second With The
Unprotected eye, viewing the reflection, or viewing the diffuse laser
Laser Safety Eye Protection must be worn when

242
conducting any activities that may expose a live laser.
Laser Classification Class IV
A Class IV laser or laser system is any that exceeds the output limits (Accessible
Emission Limits, AEL's) of a Class 3 device. As would be expected, these lasers may
be either a fire or skin hazard or a diffuse reflection hazard. Very stringent control
measures are required for a Class IV laser or laser system.
A class IV laser could be a tattoo removal laser. This laser is capable of inflicting
damage if not controlled. Eye protection MUST be used when working with these
lasers.
242
High-Power Fiber Handling Hazards
Fiber Cleaning
> Properly cleaned fiber connectors

are more important than ever
before
> Improperly cleaned fiber will cause
severe transmission problems and
product safety issues
> Any dust or dirt particles will cause
the laser to concentrate on the
foreign object resulting in a burned
connector An end face of a contaminated optical connector
After application of 1W of optical power.
243
High-power fiber Handling Hazards
Fiber Cleaning
You must ensure that when replacing a fiber that the fiber is cleaned using the
correct cleaning procedure.
Most network problems are caused by dirty fibers.
243
Fiber Cleaning Safety

Guidelines
> Never connect a fiber unless it is

absolutely clean, as shown in this
picture
> Never leave contaminated fiber
for someone else to clean
244
Fiber Cleaning Safety Guidelines
Connecting a dirty fiber to the equipment can reflect the light back into the circuit
pack and cause the transmitter to malfunction.
Clean fibers can save time in the long run.
244

Guidelines
> Never attempt to clean any live fiber connectors
> Always reference the proper NTPs
> Always use approved cleaning products
> Never attempt to clean fiber by rubbing it on
exposed skin
245
Fiber Cleaning Safety Guidelines cont..
Two recognized cleaning products are illustrated.
Alcohol swabs.
Cleaning cassette.
When using the alcohol swabs always make sure that the fiber is dry before
connecting to a circuit pack.
245

Guidelines
> When using cleaning products that

contain alcohol ensure there is
adequate ventilation
> Always remove any excess alcohol
residue from the fiber connector
> Always check to ensure the fiber has
been adequately is cleaned using a
video scope or fiber scope prior to
establishing any connection
246
Fiber Cleaning Safety Guidelines cont..
Once the fiber has been cleaned always check the fiber using a fiber scope. This will
ensure that the cleaning process was successful and identify whether or not the fiber
is defective.
If the fiber is defective then it should be disposed of correctly in accordance with local
procedures.
246
Electrostatic Discharge
Many items of electronic equipment contain components which are

Sensitive to discharge of static electricity.
> The static discharge strap must be in contact with the wearers skin
> Cards must always be handled by their edges
> Always connect the ESD strap to the equipment via the grounding point
> Always test your grounding strap before working on the equipment
247
247
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
248
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Examples of electrostatic discharge can be seen above.
Even though the discharge didnt completely break through, the circuit board track
will impair the circuit boards operation.
Using the correct antistatic procedures will prolong the life of the circuit pack.
248
Other Hazards - Heat
Very hot areas or circuit packs are identified with this symbol.
249
Other Hazards
Heat
On certain type of optical transport equipment, some shelf areas or circuit packs can
become very hot.
Upon touching or removing any circuit pack, however, the proper handling
procedures should be followed.
249
Check Your Learning
> Review what you just learned by answering the questions in

your student guide.
250
Check your Learning
1. Describe precautions that should be taken prior to handling any circuit packs or
telecommunication equipment.
2. It is a safe practice to avoid looking into any fiber optic cable at any time or for any
reason.
a) True
b) False
3. Which cleaning products should be used when dealing with fiber optics.
250
Check your learning
4. Eye protection must be worn at which laser classification level?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3a
d. 3b
e. 4
5. Dust or dirt particles can impair optical transmission and even promote burned
connectors on high power modules.
a. True
b. False
6. Which of the following practice is recommended for fiber cleaning?

a. Never connect a fiber unless it has been cleaned
b. Always use approved cleaning products
c. Never attempt to clean a live fiber
d. Never attempt to clean a fiber by rubbing it on exposed skin
e. All of the above
7. Which of the following statement about proper ESD practice is true?

a. An ESD is easy to recognize as it always destroy the whole unit
b. An ESD bracelet does not need to be connected as it equalizes the static
charges on the user.
c. Circuit packs must always be handled by their edges
d. An ESD is always felt by the user
8. There is no specific label to identify very hot surfaces.

a. True
b. False
251
For information about other courses offered by Nortel, contact
your training coordinator or visit nortel.com/training.
Copyright 2006 Nortel, All Rights Reserved

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OPTICAL METRO 5100/5200

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

STUDENT GUIDE 556-T130-460.04.01

Information in this courseware is provided for training. This

Copyright 2006 Nortel, All Rights Reserved

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 1

Information subject to change without notice.

Visit us at: nortel.com/training

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 3

323-1701-090 About the NTP Library

323-1701-101 Software and User Interface

323-1701-102 Hardware Description

323-1701-180 Technical Specifications

323-1701-201 Installing Optical Metro 5200 Shelves and Components

323-1701-210 Installing Optical Metro 5100 Shelves and Components

323-1701-220 Commissioning procedures

323-1701-221 Connecting procedures

323-1701-222 Testing and Equalization procedures

323-1701-310 Provisioning and operating procedures

323-1701-542 Trouble clearing and alarm reference guide

323-1701-546 Maintenance and replacement procedures

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 4

Lesson 3 Operation 4 hours

Lesson 4 Network Equalization 2.5 hours

Lesson 5 Maintenance 2 hours

Lesson 6 Performance Monitoring 1.5 hours

Lesson 7 Troubleshooting 3 hours

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5

V10.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

After this lesson, you will be able to

Documentation references for this lesson

NTP Title NTP Number

Provisioning and Operating 323-1701-310

Network Planning and Link 323-1701-110

> Connections between sites are made from

> These connections will be carried on a

Describe the different OMX interconnection methods

OMX connections for terminal sites

These two types of connections can only be used

> Single-shelf connections

OMX connections for OADM sites

Add channels Drop channels

OMX Optical ADD section

> OMX Optical DROP section

Add channels Drop channels

OMX Optical DROP section

To complete this lab exercise, use the following material:

Now its your turn!

Draw your lab wiring

Draw your lab wiring below

> Installation flowchart

To complete this lab exercise, use the following material:

Keyword search in the NTP master index:

Materials and equipment:

Now its your turn!

Install the System Manager Interface.

To complete this lab exercise, use the following material:

323-1701-310, Provisioning and Operating Procedures.

Keyword search in the NTP master index:

Materials and equipment:

> System Manager hierarchy: Fault

> Fault Active Alarms window