71584B

Standard Symptoms
in Condmaster
SPM Instrument AB Box 4 S-645 21 Strngns Sweden Technical data subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 Fax +46 152 15075 info@spminstrument.se www.spminstrument.se ISO 9001 certified. SPM 1999-03. 71584.B
Standard Symptoms in Condmaster
Contents
Symptom parameter definition................................ 3 DC motors
40 DC motor faults, 50 Hz.................................... 16
General, shaft 41 DC motor faults, 60 Hz.................................... 16
10 Unblance (1st order).......................................... 4 42 DC motor problems, 50 Hz............................. 17
11 Misalignment (Order 2+3)............................... 4 43 DC motor problems, 60 Hz............................. 17
12 Looseness (Order 3-10)..................................... 5
13 Looseness, 0.5 - 3.5 harm.................................. 5 Fans and pumps
50 Vane and impeller faults........................................... 18
Gear boxes
20 Gear damage, 1. shaft (Z1)................................ 6 Belts
21 Gear damage, 2. shaft (Z2)................................ 6 60 Worn or loose belt.................................................... 19
22 Gear damage, 3. shaft (Z3)................................ 7 61 Belt problems............................................................ 19
23 Gear damage, 3. shaft (Z4)................................ 7
24 Gear alignment, 1st shaft ................................. 8 Journal bearings
25 Gear assembly (GAP) . ....................................8 70 Oil whirl...................................................................... 20
26 Hunting tooth (HT)............................................. 9
27 Gear box, HTF modulation of 1X..................... 9 Unspecified
28 Gear box, HT modulation of GMF................. 10 90 Resonance frequency...................................... 21
91 Resonance frequency, harmonics................... 21
AC motors 92 Rpm modulation.............................................. 22
30 Eccentric stator, 50 Hz..................................... 11 93 Fixed modulation............................................. 22
31 Eccentric stator, 60 Hz..................................... 11
32 Eccentric rotor, 50 Hz....................................... 12 Rolling bearings
33 Eccentric rotor, 60 Hz....................................... 12 Bearing symptoms BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF............. 23
34 Rotor fault, 50 Hz.............................................. 13 Bearing symptoms BPFOM, BPFIM ...................... 23
35 Rotor fault, 60 Hz.............................................. 13
36 Rotor fault, 50 Hz.............................................. 14
37 Rotor fault, 60 Hz.............................................. 14
38 Loose connector (50 / 60 Hz)........................... 15
39 AC synchronous motor, loose stator coils...... 15
SPM Instrument AB Box 504 SE-645 25 Strngns Sweden Technical data subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 Fax +46 152 15075 info@spminstrument.se www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. SPM 2007-07. 71584.B
Rpm Shaft revolution in revolutions per minute = fundamental frequency,

normally input as Rpm1.
Delta rpm Tolerance range for Rpm, normally 0.01 (= 1%). This tolerance is taken
into account when calculating multiples and sideband.
Z Multiplication factor for Rpm. Z Rpm = base frequency of the
symptom.
Delta Z Tolerance range for Z.
Minimum harmonic Position of the lowest multiple of the base frequency = Minimum
harmonic Z * Rpm.
Maximum harmonic Position of the highest multiple of Z * Rpm.
Modulation, rpm Position of sidebands to Z * Rpm. Defined by a (decimal) number.
Modulation, fixed Position of sidebands to Rpm Z, defined by a fixed value or a formula
including Rpm1 (without Delta Rpm).
Sidebands Number of sidebands on either side of Z * Rpm.
Include centre frequ. The base frequency Rpm Z is part of the symptom if Include centre
frequency = 1, else only sidebands are part of the symptom.
Symptom parameter definition

The following pages contain a detailed description of the standard symptoms supplied with SPM Cond-
master. All these symptoms have a basic configuration and all symptom parameters which are relevant
are also named and thus visible when you use the symptom. Parameter values are not shown when they
are standard:
Z............................. 1 Modulation, rpm...... 0

Delta Z...................... 0 Modulation, fixed..... 0
Min. harm................. 1 Sidebands................. 0
Max. harm................ 1 Incl. centre frequ...... 1
To configure most symptoms, the only data needed is machine speed, which has always been input as
Rpm1. This means that the speed data for the respective measuring point, constant or measured, is being
used. As a general rule, EVAM measuring points should be set up for Measured speed.
The tolerance range for rpm, defined by Delta Rpm, should be > 0, because even small speed variations
during measurement affect the position of the lines in the spectrum. 0.01 (tolerance 1 % of Rpm) has
been used throughout, and Delta Rpm is always shown.
A number of symptoms require a value for Z, e. g. the number of teeth on a gear wheel or the length
of a belt. Belt length requires a value >0 for Delta Z, so does line frequency (0.005 has been used). The
number of gear teeth is absolute (Delta Z = 0, not shown).
You can edit symptoms freely, but in that case should rename them. The fastest way of making a new
symptom is to copy a similar symptom.
10 Unbalance (1st order)
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
1
0 1X
1 1 line at 1X
1 Frequency range: >1X
0
0
0
1
10 Unblance (1st order)

General, all machines. Unbalance, soft foot. A line at 1X, the fundamental
frequency, is generally present in the spectrum of rotating machines.
The amplitude is significant.
11 Misalignment (Order 2+3)
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
1
0 1X
Min. harmonic 2 1 lines at 2X and 3X
Max. harmonic 3 Frequency range: >3X
0
0
0
1
11 Misalignment (Order 2 + 3)
General, all machines with couplings, belt drive. Together with 10 Unbalance.
If 10 is not used, set Min. harm. to 1.
12 Looseness (Order 3-10)
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
1
0 1X
Min. harmonic 3
7 lines at 3X 10X
Max. harmonic 10
Frequency range: >10X
0
0
0
1
12 Looseness (Order 3 -10)

General, all machines. Structural looseness, excessive bearing play. Together with 10.
13 Looseness, 0.5 3.5 harm.
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
1
0 1X
Min. harmonic 0.5
Max. harmonic 3.5 4 lines at 0.5X, 1.5X, 2.5X, 3.5X
Frequency range: 4X
0
0
0
1
13 Looseness, 0.5 - 3.5 harm.

General, all machines. Structural looseness, excessive bearing play.
Alternative to 12.
20 Gear damage, Z1
Modulation
rpm 1. shaft
Rpm, Z1 Rpm1 4 harm.
Tolerance rpm 0.01
Z= no. of teeth, Z1
0 1X GMF
Min. harmonic 1
4 times 6 lines at 1X*Z 4X*Z
Max. harmonic 4
(X and Z for shaft 1)
Modulation, 1st shaft 1
Frequency range: >4X*Z (2X*Z)
0
Sidebands 3
No centre frequency 0
20 Gear damage, 1. shaft (Z1)

General for gear boxes. Looks for 3 sidebands of the gear mesh frequency (GMF),
modulation with the rpm of this shaft, plus 4 harmonics. The GMF itself is usually
present. The appearance of side bands (and harmonics) shows damage.
Input Z1 = no. of teeth of driving wheel on shaft 1.
If frequency range is exceeded, reduce Max. harm. to 2.
Symptoms 20 to 23: To watch the GMF only, set Modulation and Sidebands to 0,
Include centre frequency to 1.
21 Gear damage, Z2
Modulation
rpm 2. shaft
Rpm Z2=Rpm1*Z1/Z2 4 harm.
Tolerance rpm 0.01
Z= no. of teeth, Z2
0 1X GMF
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic 4
(X for shaft 2, Z for wheel 2)
Modulation, 2nd shaft 1 Frequency range: >4X*Z (2X*Z)
0
Sidebands 3

As 20, but modulation with the rpm of the second shaft.
Input Rpm1 * Z1 / Z2 under Rpm.
Input Z2 = no. of teeth of driven wheel on shaft 2.
This results in the same GMF as with symptom 20, but allows you to use Modulation, Rpm = 1
as the modulation factor. This is the rpm resulting from the formula on the first line, including
the tolerance factor for rpm. The same goes for symptoms 22, 23.
22 Gear damage, Z3
Modulation
rpm 2. shaft
Rpm Z2=Rpm1*Z1/Z2 4 harm.
Tolerance rpm 0.01
Z= no. of teeth, Z3
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic 4 (X for shaft 2, Z for wheel 3)
Modulation, 2nd shaft 1 Frequency range: >4X*Z (2X*Z)
0
Sidebands 3

As 21, shaft 2 with gear wheel Z3, modulation with the rpm of the shaft 2.
Input Rpm1 * Z1 / Z2 under Rpm.
Input Z3 = no. of teeth of driving wheel on shaft 2.
23 Gear damage, Z4
Modulation
rpm 3. shaft
RpmZ4=Rpm1*Z1/Z2*Z3/Z4 4 harm.
Tolerance rpm 0.01
Z= no. of teeth, Z4
1X GMF
0
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic 4 (X for shaft 3, Z for wheel 4)
Modulation, 3rd shaft 1 Frequency range: >4X*Z (2X*Z)
0
Sidebands 3

As 22, shaft 3 with gear wheel Z4, modulation with the rpm of the shaft 3.
Input Rpm1 * Z1 / Z2 * Z3 / Z4 under Rpm.
Input Z4 = no. of teeth of driven wheel on shaft 3.
Of course the rpm on the outgoing shaft can be measured, in which case you
set Rpm to Rpm1.
24 Gear alignment, 1st shaft

Modulation
rpm 1. shaft
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
Z1 = teeth wheel 1:
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic 3
Frequency range: >3X*Z
Modulation, Rpm 1
0
Sideband 1
1
24 Gear alignment, 1st shaft

General for gear boxes. Looks for 1st to 3rd harmonic of GMF (2nd and 3rd should
be higher than 1*GMF), with 1 sideband, modulation with the rpm of the shaft.
Input Z1 = no. of teeth of driving shaft.
Because the GMF modulation is involved, this symptom should not be used together
with symptom 20 for the same measuring point.
25 Gear assembly (GAP)

Modulation
rpm 1. shaft
Rpm 1 Rpm1 5 harm.
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
Z = Z1 / NA:
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1
5 times 3 lines at 1X*Z/NA 5X*Z/NA
Max. harmonic 5
Frequency range: >5X*Z/NA (3X*Z/NA)
Modulation, 1st shaft 1
0
Sideband 1
0
25 Gear assembly (GAP)

Looks for the GAPF (gear assembly phase frequency) which is a fraction of GMF when the assambly phase
factor NA> 1. NA is 1 if 1 is the only common prime factor, else it is the product of the prime factors common
to the meshing gear wheels. When NA = 1, GAPF = GMF (symptoms 20 - 23). When NA > 1, you can monitor
GMF plus GAPF.
Input Z = Z1 /NA. If the frequency range is exceeded, reduce Max. harmonic.
Examples of NA:
Z1 = 6 = 1 * 2 * 3 Z1 = 15 = 1 * 5 * 3
Z2 = 11 = 1 * 11 Z2 = 25 = 1 * 5 * 5
NA = 1 NA = 1 * 5 = 5
26 Hunting tooth (HT)
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
Z = NA / Z2:
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1
2 lines at 1X * NA / Z2, 2X * NA / Z2
Max. harmonic 2
Frequency range: below X
0
0
0
1
26 Hunting tooth (HT)

Looks for the hunting tooth frequency HTF (one faulty tooth on Z1 meets
a faulty tooth on Z2). Again, you need the assembly phase factor NA.
Input Z = NA / Z2.
27 Gear box, HTF mod. of 1X

Modulation
with HTF
Rpm 1st shaft Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
1
0 1X
1 3 lines around 1X
Modulation with NA/Z2
0
Sidebands 1
1
27 Gear box, HTF modulation of 1X

Looks for the HTF sideband of 1X.
Input NA / Z2 under Modulation, Rpm.
Standard Symptoms in Condmaster 10
28 Gear box, HT mod. of GMF

Modulation
with HTF
Rpm 1st shaft Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z= no. of teeth Z1
0 1X
1
3 lines at X*Z
1
Frequency range: >X*Z
Modulation with NA/Z2
0
Sidebands 1
1
28 Gear box, HT modulation of GMF

Looks for the HTF sideband of 1GMF.
Input Z1 = no. of teeth.
Input NA / Z2 under Modulation, Rpm.
Other faults:
Exessive bearing play will cause a typical looseness patter,
i. e. harmonics of 1X of the respective shaft (symptom 13).
A broken tooth causes shock vibration (CREST and KURT up).
30 Eccentric stator, 50 Hz
Double line freq. in rpm 6000

Tolerance, line freq. 0.005
1
0 100 Hz
1 1 line at 100 Hz
1
0
0
0
1
Looks for the double line frequency. This line is due to magnetostriction, always present,
with normal amplitudes depending on motor design. Increased amplitudes can be due to
an uneven stationary air gap between rotor and stator. Can even be a sign of soft foot, a
warped base, loose iron, or shorted stator laminations.
31 Eccentric stator, 60 z

1
0 120 Hz
1
1 line at 120 Hz
1
0
0
0
1
As 30, for line frequency 60 Hz.
32 Eccentric rotor, 50 Hz
Modulation
slip frequency
1
0 100 Hz
1 7 lines at 100 Hz
1 Frequency range: >100 Hz
0
6000/poles - Rpm1:
Sidebands 3
1
Looks for the double line frequency with 3 sidebands, modulation with the slip frequency,
which is the difference between synchronous speed and actual speed.
Sidebands can be due to an uneven rotating air gap between rotor and stator. Can even
be a sign of soft foot, a warped base, misalignment.
Input 6000/PRpm1, where P = no. of poles.
To test for slip frequency sidebands around 1X, set Rpm to Rpm1.
Modulation
slip frequency
1
0 120 Hz
1
7 lines at 120 Hz
1
Frequency range: >120 Hz
0
7200/ poles-Rpm1:
Sidebands 3
1
Input 7200/PRpm1, where P = no. of poles.
34 Rotor fault, 50 Hz
Modulation
pole pass frequency
Rpm Rpm1
5 harmonics
Tolerance rpm 0.01
1
0 1X 2X
Min. harmonic 1 5 times 5 lines at 1X 5X
Max. harmonic 5 Frequency range: >5X
0
6000 - poles * Rpm1
Sidebands 2
1
Looks for 1X and 5 harmonics with 2 sidebands, modulation with the pole pass frequency,
which is the slip frequency multiplied with the no. of poles.
Looks for the double line frequency. Sidebands can be due to an uneven rotating air
gap between rotor and stator. Can even be a sign of soft foot, a warped base, misalign-
ment.
Input 6000-P*Rpm1, where P = no. of poles.
Modulation
pole pass frequency
Rpm Rpm1 5 harmonics
Tolerance rpm 0.01
1
0 1X 2X
Min. harmonic 1
5 times 5 lines at 1X 5X
Max. harmonic 5
0
7200 - poles * Rpm1
Sidebands 2
1
Input 7200-P*Rpm1, where P = no. of poles.
36 Rotor bar fault, 50 Hz

Modulation
2 * LF
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z = no. of rotor bars
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1 2 times 5 lines at 1RBPF, 2RBPF
Max. harmonic 2 Frequency range: <2X * Z
0
Modulation 2*LF in rpm 6000
Sidebands 2
1
Looks for the rotor bar pass frequency RBPF and harmonic, with 2 sidebands, modula-
tion with 2*LF. Indicates loose or open rotor bars, electric arching between loose bars
and end ring.
Input Z = no. of rotor bars.
37 Rotor bar fault, 60 Hz

Modulation
2 * LF
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z = no. of rotor bars
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1 2 times 5 lines at 1RBPF, 2RBPF
Max. harmonic 2 Frequency range: <2X * Z
0
Modulation 2*LF in rpm 7200
Sidebands 2
1
Input Z = no. of rotor bars.
38 Loose connector, 50/60 Hz

Modulation
1/3 LF
Double line freq. in rpm
1
0 100 (120) Hz
1 4 lines around 100 (120) Hz
1 Frequency range: <200 Hz
0
LF/3 (1000 or 1200)
Sidebands 3
38 Loose connector (50 / 60 Hz)

Looks for 2 sidebands of the double line frequency, modulation with 1/3 of the line
frequency. Indicates loose or broken connectors which make only sporadic contact.
Input Rpm 6000 for 50 Hz, 7200 for 60 Hz.
Input Modulation, fixed 1000 for 50 Hz, 1200 for 60 Hz.
39 AC synchronous, coils
Modulation
rpm
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance rpm 0.01
Z = no. of stator coils
0 1X
1 5 lines at 1CPF
1 Frequency range: <X * Z
Modulation, Rpm 1
0
Sidebands 2
1
39 AC synchronous motor, loose stator coils

Looks for the stator coil pass frequency CPF, with 2 sidebands,
modulation with rpm.
Input Z = no. stator coils.
40 DC motor faults, 50 Hz
3 x line freq. in rpm 9000

Z= 1 (FWR, 2 (HWR)
0 150 (300 Hz)
1 1 line at 150 (300) Hz
1
0
0
0
1
Looks for the SCR frequency, which is 6*LF in full-wave rectified motors and 3*LF
in half-wave rectified motors. Indicates problems with armature windings, ground-
ing, and system tuning.
Input Z = 1 for half-wave and Z = 2 for full-wave rectified motors.
Can even cause a harmonic (set Max. harm to 2).
3 x line freq. in rpm 10800

Z= 1 (FWR), 2 (HWR)
0 180 (360 Hz)
1 1 line at 180 (360) Hz
1
0
0
0
. 1
As symptom 40, for LF = 60 Hz.
SCRF
Line frequency in rpm 3000
1
50 Hz
0
Lines at 50, 100 Hz (HWR)
Min. harmonic 1
Max. 2 (HWR), 5 (FWR)
0
SCRF
0
0
. 1
50 Hz
Lines at 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 Hz (FWR)
42 DC motor problems, 50 Hz
Looks for the line frequency with 2 harmonics (half-wave rectified) or 5 harmonics
(full-wave rectified). For half-wave rectified motors, there should be no significant vibration
at 1LF and 2LF (3LF = SCRF). For full-wave rectified motors, there should be no significant
vibration at 1LF to 5LF (6LF = SCRF). Vibration at these frequencies indicates faulty firing
card, blown fuse, faulty SCR, shortened control card, and/or loose connections.
Input Max. harmonic = 2 for half-wave and 5 for full-wave rectified motors.
SCRF
Line frequency in rpm 3600
1
60 Hz
0
Lines at 60, 120 Hz (HWR)
Min. harmonic 1
Max. 2 (HWR), 5 (FWR)
0
SCRF
0
0
1
60 Hz
43 DC motor problems, 60 Hz Lines at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 Hz (FWR)
As symptom 42, for LF = 60 Hz.
50 Vane and impeller

Modulation
rpm 3 harm.
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
Z = no. of vanes
0 1X
Min. harmonic 1 3 times 3 lines at 1X*Z 3X*Z
Max. harmonic 3
Modulation, Rpm 1 Frequency range: >3.5X*Z
0
Sidebands 1
1
50 Vane and impeller faults

Looks for the blade pass frequency (BPF) which is significant in pumps, fans
and compressors. Rpm modulation, 3 sidebands.
Input Z = no. of blades.
In pumps, irregular gap between rotating vanes and stationary diffusers;

impeller wear ring seized on shaft, failed diffuser vane welds.
In fans, broken or damaged blades, irregular dirt layer.
In compressors, ??
Pump cavitation: Broad band high noise level above BPF.
Flow turbulence: High random vibration below 1X, high noise level
above BPF.
60 Worn belt
Rpm, pulley Rpm1

Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z = * pulley dia /belt l.
Tolerance Z 0,05 1X
Min. harmonic 1 1 times 1 line at belt frequency
Max. harmonic 4 multiples
0
0
1
60 Worn or loose belt

Looks for the belt frequency (BPF) harmonics.
Input Z = * pitch diameter (of pulley running at Rpm1) / belt lenght
Belt or pulley misalignment (offset, pigeon toe, angular) cause peaks at 1X of

the driving or driven pulley (symptom 10). Eccentric pulleys also cause peaks
at 1X of the eccentric pulley (symptom 10).
61 Belt problems
Modulation
belt frequency
4 harmon.
Rpm, pulley Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.01
1
0 1X 2X 3X
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic 4 3 times 7 lines at 1X 3X
Mod. *pulley dia/belt
0
Sidebands 3
1
61 Belt problems
Looks for the 1X to 4X modulated with the belt frequency (BPF), 3 sidebands.
Input under Modulation, * pitch diameter / belt lenght.
70 Oil whirl
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z = oil whirl constant 0.45
Tolerance, Z 0.07 1X
1 1 line at 0.42 to 0.48X
1
0
0
0
1
70 Oil whirl
Looks for the oil whirl frequency, 0.42 to 0.48X.
Journal bearings.
90 Resonance frequency
60 rpm = 1 Hz 60
0
Z = RF in Hz
Tolerance, RF 0.01
1 line at RF or selected frequency
1
1
0
0
0
1
90 Resonance frequency
The resonce frequency has to be measured by ringing the machine when it is off.
This symptom can be used to look for any single frequency line.
Input the frequency in Hertz under Z.
91 Resonance frequency, harm.
60 rpm = 1 Hz 60
0
Z = RF in Hz
Tolerance, RF 0.01
Multiples of RF or selected frequency
Min. harmonic 1
Max. harmonic
0
0
0
1
91 Resonance frequency, harmonics

Any machine vibration is amplified when its frequency coincides with the resonance
frequency or its harmonics. This symptom can be used to look for the harmonics
of any frequency line.
Input the frequency in Hertz under Z.
Input the number of harmonics under Max. harmonic.
Note: To find the harmonics of a selected frequency in the spectrum, mark the frequency line
and use the function Show harmonics. This does not, however, return a parameter value.
92 Rpm modulation
Modulation
rpm
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z=
Tolerance Z As configured.
Min. harmonic Centre frequency at Z*Rpm1,
Max. harmonic plus x sidebands, with x harmonics
Modulation, rpm 1
0
Sidebands
C.F., 1= yes, 0 = no
92 Rpm modulation
A symptom where all parameters except the rpm modulation
are open. The modulation will be Rpm1 Tolerance Rpm.
Modulation, Rpm can be any multiplication factor.
93 Fixed modulation
Modulation
fixed
Rpm Rpm1
Tolerance, rpm 0.01
Z=
Tolerance Z As configured.
Min. harmonic Centre frequency at Z*Rpm1,
Max. harmonic plus x sidebands, with x harmonics
0
Fixed mod. factor
Sidebands
C.F., 1= yes, 0 = no
93 Fixed modulation
A symptom where all parameters except the fixed modulation
are open. Under Modulation, fixed, you can input a formula
including Rpm1, but then Tolerance Rpm will be disregarded.
BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF
Rpm 1 Rpm1
Tolerance Rpm 0.005
Z = Bearing factor
Tolerance Z 0.01
Min. harmonic 1 4 times 1 line at 1X*Z 4X*Z
(FTF below 1X, BPFI up to Z 8)
Max. harmonic 4
Frequency range: up to 40X
0
0
0
1
Bearing symptoms BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF

Bearing symptoms cannot be edited in the Standard symptom register.
They are accessible in the Symptom group register when you mark Bearing group.
The standard configuration is as shown, a frequency line at Z*Rpm1 with 4 harmonics.
The factor Z will be imported (for all 4 bearing parameters) when you
input the ISO bearing number and the manufacturer. If the bearing is
not in the Condmaster catalogue, you have to find these factors elsewhere.
BPFOM, BPFIM
Modulation
rpm 1. shaft
Rpm 1 Rpm1 4 harm.
Tolerance Rpm 0.005
Z = Bearing factor
Tolerance Z 0.01
4 times 7 lines at 1X*Z* 4X*Z
Min. harmonic 1
(BPFIM up to Z 8)
Max. harmonic 4
Frequency range: up to 40X
Modulation, Rpm 1
0
Sidebands 3
1
Bearing symptoms BPFOM, BPFIM

As BPF= and BPFI above, but with an rpm modultion, 3 sidebands.

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Standard Symptoms

Rpm Shaft revolution in revolutions per minute = fundamental frequency,

Symptom parameter definition

Z............................. 1 Modulation, rpm...... 0

10 Unbalance (1st order)

10 Unblance (1st order)

11 Misalignment (Order 2+3)

12 Looseness (Order 3-10)

12 Looseness (Order 3 -10)

13 Looseness, 0.5 3.5 harm.

13 Looseness, 0.5 - 3.5 harm.

20 Gear damage, 1. shaft (Z1)

21 Gear damage, 2. shaft (Z2)

22 Gear damage, 3. shaft (Z3)

23 Gear damage, 3. shaft (Z4)

24 Gear alignment, 1st shaft

24 Gear alignment, 1st shaft

25 Gear assembly (GAP)

25 Gear assembly (GAP)

26 Hunting tooth (HT)

26 Hunting tooth (HT)

27 Gear box, HTF mod. of 1X

27 Gear box, HTF modulation of 1X

28 Gear box, HT mod. of GMF

28 Gear box, HT modulation of GMF

A broken tooth causes shock vibration (CREST and KURT up).

Double line freq. in rpm 6000

Double line freq. in rpm 7200

36 Rotor bar fault, 50 Hz

37 Rotor bar fault, 60 Hz

38 Loose connector, 50/60 Hz

38 Loose connector (50 / 60 Hz)

39 AC synchronous motor, loose stator coils

3 x line freq. in rpm 9000

3 x line freq. in rpm 10800

50 Vane and impeller

50 Vane and impeller faults

In pumps, irregular gap between rotating vanes and stationary diffusers;

In fans, broken or damaged blades, irregular dirt layer.

Pump cavitation: Broad band high noise level above BPF.

Rpm, pulley Rpm1

60 Worn or loose belt

Belt or pulley misalignment (offset, pigeon toe, angular) cause peaks at 1X of

91 Resonance frequency, harm.

91 Resonance frequency, harmonics

BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF

Bearing symptoms BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF

Bearing symptoms BPFOM, BPFIM

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