EXPERIMENT7

pH

PURPOSE:
1. TouseuniversalindicatorpapertodeterminethepHofseveralaqueoussolutions
2. Tocalculatethe[H+],pOHand[OH]ofdifferentaqueoussamplesfrommeasured
pHvalues.
3. TomasterthepHscaleandpHmeasurement
4. TodistinguishbetweenstrongandweakacidsandbasesbypHmeasurements.
5. TodeterminetheeffectofconcentrationonthepHofstrongandweakacidsandbases.

PROCEDURE:

INORDERTOOBTAINRELIABLEDATAITISIMPERATIVETHATYOUDONOT
ACCIDENTALLYSWITCHTHEDROPPERSOFTHEREAGENTBOTTLES.
SWITCHINGTHEDROPPERSWILLRUINTHEEXPERIMENTFORYOUANDFOR
THEENTIRECLASS,SINCETHECONTENTSOFTHEBOTTLESWILLBE
CONTAMINATED.

PARTI:pHOFACIDICSOLUTIONS
Prepareacleanpieceofpapertowelandfourpiecesof universalpHpaper.
Usingthedropperfromthefirstreagentbottle(HCl,0.1M)moistenallfourareasoftheuniversal
pHpaperandcarefullyobservethecolorsofallfourareasofthepaper.
Comparethecolorsofthepapertothecolorchartprovided.
RecordthepHinyourLaboratoryNotebook.
RepeatthisprocedurefortheotherthreeaqueousacidicsolutionsandrecordtherespectivepH.
AvoidcontaminatingthedroppersorthepHpapers.
Ifyouarenotsureofyourobservationsorifyourobservationsindicateunexpectedresults,repeat
thetestand/orconsultyourinstructor.
Beforecontinuingyourworkatanotherstation:
1. CompletebothDataTables
2. Plotagraphfor: A) theconcentrationof[H+]asafunctionoftheConcentration
oftheAcidfortheSTRONGACID.
Connectthethreedatapointswithastraightline.Iftheline
isnotstraight(doesnotcrossalldatapoints),repeatyour
testsand/orconsultyourinstructor.
LabelthislineSTRONGACID
(Writeintheappropriateunitsontheverticalaxis)
2. Plotagraphfor: B) theconcentrationof[H+]asafunctionoftheConcentration
oftheAcidfortheWEAKACID.
Connectthethreedatapointswithastraightline.Iftheline
notstraight(doesnotcrossalldatapoints),repeatyour
testsand/orconsultyourinstructor.
LabelthislineWEAKACID
(Writeintheappropriateunitsontheverticalaxis)

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 EXPERIMENT7
pH

PARTII:pHOFBASICSOLUTIONS
PrepareacleanpieceofpapertowelandfourpiecesofuniversalpHpaper.
Usingthedropperfromthefirstreagentbottle(NaOH,0.1M)moistenallfourareasofthe
universalpHpaperandcarefullyobservethecolorsofallfourareasofthepaper.
Comparethecolorsofthepapertothecolorchartprovided.
RecordthepHinyourLaboratoryNotebook.
RepeatthisprocedurefortheotherthreeaqueousbasicsolutionsandrecordtherespectivepH.
AvoidcontaminatingthedroppersorthepHpapers.
Ifyouarenotsureofyourobservationsorifyourobservationsindicateunexpectedresults,repeat
thetestand/orconsultyourinstructor.
Beforecontinuingyourworkatanotherstation:
1. CompletebothDataTables
2. Plotagraphfor: A) theconcentrationof[H+]asafunctionoftheConcentration
oftheAcidfortheSTRONGBASE.
Connectthethreedatapointswithastraightline.Iftheline
isnotstraight(doesnotcrossalldatapoints),repeatyour
testsand/orconsultyourinstructor.
LabelthislineSTRONGBASE
(Writeintheappropriateunitsontheverticalaxis)
2. Plotagraphfor: B) theconcentrationof[H+]asafunctionoftheConcentration
oftheAcidfortheWEAKBASE.
Connectthethreedatapointswithastraightline.Iftheline
notstraight(doesnotcrossalldatapoints),repeatyour
testsand/orconsultyourinstructor.
LabelthislineWEAKBASE
(Writeintheappropriateunitsontheverticalaxis)
3. CompletetheSUMMARYOFACIDICANDBASICSOLUTIONSchartbyfilling
inalltheboxeswiththerespectiveformulasandconcentrations.
4. Iftimepermitsyoumayanswersomeorallofthequestionsthatfollowthissection
inthelaboratory.Otherwise,thesequestionsmaybeansweredathome.

PARTIII:IDENTIFICATIONOFUNKNOWN
Youandyourpartnerwillbeassignedoneunknowneach.Recordthenumberofyourunknown
ontheinstructorssignoutsheetandinyourLaboratoryNotebook.
Yourunknownhasamolarityof0.1M.
DeterminethepHofyourunknownbyusinguniversalpHpaper.Sinceyourunknownisinavial,
youmaydipthepHpaperdirectlyinthesolutionoftheunknown.Makesurethatallareasofthe
pHpaperaremoistened.Ifneeded,aglassrodmaybeused.
Answerallthequestionsinthissection,andidentifytheunknown.
YourunknownisasolutionusedinPARTIorPARTIIofthisexperiment.

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 EXPERIMENT7
pH

pH
REPORTFORM
NAME:____________________
PARTNER:__________________
PARTI:SOLUTIONSOFACIDS

SubstanceConcentrationpH[H+]pOH[OH-]StrongAcid,or
testedin1x10-n,M 1x10-n,M 1x10-n,M WeakAcid

HCl,0.1M

HCl,0.001M

HCl,0.00001M 5*

HC2H3O2 ,0.1M

HC2H3O2,0.001M

HC2H3O2 ,0.00001M 5*

[H+]ASAFUNCTIONOFACIDCONCENTRATION

TypeofConcentration[H+] [H+],M
AcidofAcid,M1x10-n,M

1x10-1

STRONG 1x10-3

1x10-5

1x10-1

WEAK 1x10-3

1x10-5 10-7
10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 Conc.ofAcid,M

*Thesesolutionsarenotavailableinthelaboratory.ThepHmeasurementprovidedistobeusedalongwiththe
otherdataobtainedbymeasurement.

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 EXPERIMENT7
pH

PARTII:SOLUTIONSOFBASES

SubstanceConcentrationpH[H+]pOH[OH-]StrongBaseor
testedin1x10-n ,M 1x10-n ,M 1x10-n ,M WeakBase

NaOH,0.1M

NaOH,0.001M

NaOH,0.00001M 9**

NH4OH,0.1M

NH4OH,0.001M

NH4OH,0.00001M 9**

[H+]ASAFUNCTIONOFBASECONCENTRATION

TypeofConcentration[H+]
BaseofBase,M1x10-n,M

1x10-1 [H+],M

STRONG
1x10-3

1x10-5

1x10-1

WEAK 1x10-3

1x10-5

10-14

10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 Conc.ofBase,M

**Thesesolutionsarenotavailableinthelaboratory.ThepHmeasurementprovidedistobeusedalongwiththe
otherdataobtainedbymeasurement.

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 EXPERIMENT7
pH
SUMMARYOFpHOFACIDICANDBASICSOLUTION

ACIDICNEUTRAL BASIC
pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1.
StrongAcidsandBases
FormulasandConcentrations
(expressedas:1x10n)
2.
WeakAcidsandBases
FormulasandConcentrations
(expressedas:1x10n)

PARTIII:IDENTIFICATIONOFUNKNOWN

UnknownNumber: _____
Concentration: 0.1M

pH: _____ pOH: _____

[H+]: _____M [OH-]:_____M

ACIDorBASE: __________________

STRONGorWEAK:____________________

FORMULA OFUNKNOWN:_____________

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CHEM102 EXPERIMENT7
pH
QUESTIONS
AcarefulanalysisofyourgraphsinPartI&PartIIandtheSummaryonthepage5willassistyouin
answeringthequestionsthatfollow:
1. Forallaqueoussolutions,thepHliesbetween____and____

2. Infinitelydilutesolutions(verylowconcentrations)willhavethesamepHas
water,thatis____

QuestionsconcerningthepHofacidicsolutions.
3. Forsolutionsofacids:
A)thepHliesbetween: _____ and _____,
thecorresponding[H+]ionsconcentrationliesbetween: _____ and _____

B)the________________thepHvalue,the____________________thesolution.
(lowerorhigher)(moreacidicorlessacidic)

4. Whatistherelationshipbetweentheconcentrationofstrongacidsandthe
[H+]ionconcentrationoftheirsolutions?

5. Ingeneral,whatistherelationshipbetweentheconcentrationofweak
acidsandthe[H+]ionconcentrationoftheirsolutions?

6. Ingeneral,atagivenmolarity,solutionsof_____________________
(weekacidsorstrongacids)
are_____________________thansolutionsof_______________________
(moreacidicorlessacidic) (weekacidsorstrongacids)

Whatisthereasonforthisdifferenceinthebehaviorofstrongacidsversusweak
acids?

7. A) HowdoesthepHofaweakacidcomparetothepHofastrongacid
ofthesamemolarity,ifbothacidsareverydilute(verylowconcentrations)?
_____________________________________

B) Whatisthereasonforthissimilarityinthebehaviorofstrongacidsversusweakacids
inverydilutesolutions(verylowconcentrations)?

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CHEM102 EXPERIMENT7
pH
QuestionsconcerningthepHofbasicsolutions.
8. Forsolutionsofbases:
A)thepOHliesbetween: _____ and _____,
-
thecorresponding[OH ]ionsconcentrationliesbetween:_____ and _____

A)thepHliesbetween: _____ and _____,

+
thecorresponding[H ]ionsconcentrationliesbetween:_____ and _____

B)The________________thepHvalue,the____________________thesolution.
(lowerorhigher)(morebasicorlessbasic)

9. Whatistherelationshipbetweentheconcentration ofstrongbasesandthe
[OH-]ionconcentrationoftheirsolutions?

10. Ingeneral,whatistherelationshipbetweentheconcentrationofweak
basesandthe[OH-]ionconcentrationoftheirsolutions?

11. Ingeneral,atagivenmolarity,solutionsof______________________
(weekbasesorstrongbases)
are_____________________thansolutionsof_______________________
(morebasicorlessbasic) (weekbasesorstrongbases)

Whatisthereasonforthisdifferenceinthebehaviorofstrongbasesversusweak
bases?

12. A) HowdoesthepHofaweakbasecomparetothepHofastrongbase
ofthesamemolarity,ifbothbasesareverydilute(very lowconcentrations)?
_____________________________________

B) Whatisthereasonforthissimilarityinthebehaviorofstrongbasesversusweak
basesinverydilutesolutions(verylowconcentrations)?