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With 2 6-faced dices the possibilities are 6X6 = 36. That is 36 different ways the 2 dices can fall.

The sum of the 2 top faces


Thus minimum possible value of total is 1+1=2 and maximum possible is 6+6=12
For listing the ways the notation is (a,b) where "a" is the number on the top face of first dice and "b" the same for the seco

The "total" is a random variable, say "X" and has a distribution as shown in chart below.
(since total is confusing we will call it X)
E(X)
X ways or possibilities of top faces # possibilities probability P (in decimals) P.X
2 (1,1) 1 1/36 0.0278 0.0556
3 (1,2) | (2,1) 2 2/36 0.0556 0.1667
4 (1,3) | (2,2) | (3,1) 3 3/36 0.0833 0.3333
5 (1,4) (2,3) | (3,2) (4,1) 4 4/36 0.1111 0.5556
6 (1,5) (2,4) | (3,3) | (4,2) (5,1) 5 5/36 0.1389 0.8333
7 (1,6) (2,5) (3,4) | (4,3) (5,2) (6,1) 6 6/36 0.1667 1.1667
8 (2,6) (3,5) | (4,4) | (5,3) (6,2) 5 5/36 0.1389 1.1111
9 (3,6) (4,5) | (5,4) (6,3) 4 4/36 0.1111 1.0000
10 (4,6) | (5,5) | (6,4) 3 3/36 0.0833 0.8333
11 (5,6) | (6,5) 2 2/36 0.0556 0.6111
12 (6,6) 1 1/36 0.0278 0.3333

summations = 36 36/36 1.0000 7

E(X) = expected value of X = avera


2-dice totals distribution Variance of X = V(X) = Expectatio
0.1800 V(X) = E(X^2) - {E(X) }^2
= 54.83 - 7*7 = 54.83-49 = 5.83
0.1600
Stdev(X) = square-root of V(X) = s
0.1400 =
0.1200
0.1000
0.0800
Notice Mean = Median = Mode

0.0600
0.0400
0.0200
0.0000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
can fall. The sum of the 2 top faces we will call "total".

dice and "b" the same for the second dice.

E(X-square)
P.X.X
0.1111
0.5000
1.3333
2.7778
5.0000
8.1667
8.8889
9.0000
8.3333
6.7222
4.0000

54.8333333

E(X) = expected value of X = average or mean =7


Variance of X = V(X) = Expectation of X-squared minus (Expectation of X) squared
V(X) = E(X^2) - {E(X) }^2
= 54.83 - 7*7 = 54.83-49 = 5.83
Stdev(X) = square-root of V(X) = sqrt(5.83)
2.41453929

Notice Mean = Median = Mode


Q Kenwyn plays a board game.
Two cubes (dice) each have faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
In the game a throw is rolling the two fair 6-sided dice and then adding the numbers on their top faces.
This total is the number of spaces to move on the board.
For example, if the numbers are 4 and 3, he moves 7 spaces.

a) Give each of your answers as a fraction in its simplest form, find the probability that he moves
(i) two spaces with his next move:
refer to table, X=2 with a probability of 0.0278

(ii) ten spaces with his next throw:


refer to table, X=10 with a probability of 0.0833

b) What is the most likely number of spaces that Kenwyn will move with his next throw?
Explain your answer.
7 because in can happen in 6 ways out of the 36 possible ways, the maximum for any total of the 2 dices

c) 95 96 97 98 99 100
Go back WIN
3 spaces

To win the game he must move exactly to the 100th space.


Kenwyn is on the 97th space.
If his next throw takes him to 99, he has to move back to 96.
If his next throw takes him over 100, he stays on 97.

Find the probability that he reaches 100 in either of his next tw throws.

heh, heh :)

First count (figure out) the number of ways Kenwyn can win in 2 rolls
roll_1 gets 3, roll_2 not needed
roll_1 gets 4 or above, roll_2 gets 3
roll_1 gets 2, roll_2 gets 4
Notice he can't get to 98 since the total can never be 1

Tabulate the ways and their probabilities The non-excel method (for

roll_1 X P(roll_1) roll_2 X P(roll_2) total P roll_1 X


3 0.05555556 - 1 0.0555556 3

4 thru 12 0.91666667 3 0.0555556 0.0509259 4 thru 12


2 0.02777778 4 0.0833333 0.0023148 2
0.1087963
= grand probability of Kenwyn winning in 2 throw
eir top faces.

r any total of the 2 dices

The non-excel method (for exams)

P(roll_1) roll_2 X P(roll_2) total P


2/36 - 1 = 36/36 72/1296
(3/36 + 4/36 + 5/36 + 6/36
+ 5/36 + 4/36 + 3/36 + 2/36
+ 1/36) = 33/36 3 2/36 66/1296
1/36 4 3/36 3/1296
141/1296
Kenwyn winning in 2 throws and is equal to 141/1296

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