Uniplanar differentially driven UWB d1 = 0.5, d2 = 1, d3 = 8, W1 = 10, W2 = 0.5, W3 = 0.5, L1 = 3, L2 = 0.

3
polarisation diversity antenna with band- and L3 = 3.
notched characteristics
W
port 2
He Huang, Ying Liu and Shuxi Gong differential
pair I
A differentially driven ultra-wideband (UWB) polarisation diversity
antenna with dual notch bands is presented for the rst time. The
antenna consists of a chamfer square slot and two differential pairs Y
being orthogonal to achieve polarisation diversity performance over

port 4
port 3
the UWB. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth X
Z
from 2.75 to more than 11 GHz for differential reection coefcients
less than 10 dB, and a high differential port-to-port isolation of
less than 40 dB. Dual band-rejected operation to lter the 3.5 GHz d3
differential
WiMAX and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands is obtained by employing two pair II
different methods. All these features make the proposed antenna very

Lg
suitable for applications in UWB wireless communication systems.
Lg port 1
a
Introduction: Recently, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been open stub
g4
paid more and more attention for its wide bandwidth, high data rates W2
and low power consumption in short-range indoor communication. W3
L3 L2
The polarisation diversity technique is also regarded as an effective W1

L1
way to combat multipath fading in modern dense environments. A lot
R d1
of UWB diversity, antennas, such as in [1, 2], have been reported.
On the other hand, because of its excellent working performance such d2 CSRR
as harmonic suppression, high-linearity and low noise, increasing g3
g2
numbers of differential circuits have been widely used in microwave
circuit designs. When conventional single-ended antennas are to in-
tegrate with these differential circuits, baluns or a 180 hybrid would Wf
g1
be needed to convert the output differential signals into conventional
b
single-ended signals, resulting in bulky volume, additional losses and
shrinkage of the impedance bandwidth. Hence, it is essential to design
Fig. 1 Sketch of differential UWB polarisation diversity band-notched
differential antennas that can be integrated directly with differential antenna: full view (Fig. 1a); expanded view (Fig. 1b)
circuits.
Combining the above mentioned, the integration of UWB diversity
antennas and the differential feeding mechanism is very promising.
Several papers have discussed differential UWB antennas [35], but
they do not have diversity performance. Although the differentially
driven antenna proposed in [6] has dual polarisation directions, it may
not be suitable for application in modern complex electromagnetic
environments because of its non-planar structure, and the absence of
the band-notched function. As is known, to avoid electromagnetic inter-
ference to the present UWB (3.110.6 GHz) system, some existing nar-
rowband systems such as WiMAX 3.43.69 GHz, and WLAN 5.15
5.35/5.7255.825 GHz, should be ltered. Hence, a differential UWB
antenna that has only a single polarisation has been developed with a
notch band at 5.5 GHz [7].
In this Letter, a uniplanar UWB polarisation diversity differential
antenna with dual band-notched features is presented. A wide bandwidth
of over 120% (2.7511 GHz) and high isolation of less than 40 dB
have been achieved. CSRR slots and open-circuited stubs are etched
on the radiating patches to notch the WiMAX (3.33.7 GHz) and
WLAN (5.155.8 GHz) bands. Details of the antenna design and exper- Fig. 2 Photograph of proposed antenna
imental results are presented and discussed.
Sdd11 (sim.) Sdd11 (meas.)
Antenna conguration and design: Fig. 1 depicts the geometry of the Sdd21 (sim.) Sdd21 (meas.)
proposed antenna, which is designed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate with 0
a relative dielectric constant of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02 and thickness
Sdd11 and Sdd21, dB

of 0.8 mm. The antenna is composed of a chamfer square slot and 20

two differential pairs (differential pairs I and II). The chamfer square
slot has dimensions of W = 65 mm, Lg = 6 mm and d3 = 8 mm. Four 40
identical radiation elements are placed symmetrically with respect to
the centre of the substrate, each of which includes a half-circle with a 60
diameter of W1 = 10 mm and a rectangle with length of W1 = 10 mm
and width of L1 = 3 mm. Each radiator has an open stub and a CSRR 80
slot, the lengths of which are approximately equal to g4 at 3.5 and
100
5.5 GHz to obtain the desired dual band-notched functionality. In fact, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
the notch stubs and slots will act as resonators at the requested notch fre- frequency, GHz
quencies, causing serious impedance mismatching of the antenna. As a
consequence, the antenna hardly radiates at these frequencies, so the Fig. 3 Simulated and measured differential S-parameters
notch bands are obtained. The parameters of the proposed antenna are
derived using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS ver. 13), Results and discussion: A prototype of the antenna has been fabricated
and the nal dimensions of the antenna are exhibited as below (unit: and tested; its photograph is shown in Fig. 2. In the practical measure-
mm): W = 65, Lg = 6, Wf = 1, g1 = 0.2, g2 = 1, g3 = 0.1, g4 = 0.3, R = 3, ment process, the two opposite radiation elements denoted as a

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 5th February 2015 Vol. 51 No. 3 pp. 206207

differential pair are excited with a 180 phase shift through coplanar Fig. 6 shows the simulated and measured gain curves when differen-
waveguide feed lines while the other two ports are terminated with a tial pair I is excited. Note that the gain is at within the entire operating
50 matching load. Owing to the symmetry property of the whole band except for two drop points at the corresponding notch bands.
antenna conguration, the results are theoretically identical when differ-
ential pairs I and II are separately excited, so only Sdd11 and Sdd21 are 8
given in Fig. 3. The measured results show that the antenna has a
10 dB differential reection coefcient (Sdd11) bandwidth from 2.8 6
to over 11 GHz along with two notch bands from 3.29 to 3.8 GHz, 4
and 5 to 6.26 GHz, where the maximum return loss is 2.7 and

gain, dBi
2.8 dB, and a high differential port-to-port isolation (Sdd21) of less 2
than 40 dB in the aforementioned range of frequencies. 0 simulated
Fig. 4 plots the simulated and measured normalised radiation patterns
in the xz-plane (H-plane) and the yz-plane (E-plane) at 4.8, 7.5 and 2 measured
9.5 GHz when differential pair I is excited. It is clear that the patterns 4
show quasi-omnidirectional and bidirectional characteristics in the
xz-plane and the yz-plane, respectively. The occurring grating lobes in 6
the yz-plane are mainly due to the fact that the radiation pattern of the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
two units of a differential pair overlaps with that of a single unit. Low frequency, GHz
cross-polarisation can also be seen in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 Simulated gain against frequency for proposed antenna

330
0
30 co. (sim.) 330
0
30
co. (sim.)
cro. (sim.)
Conclusions: In this Letter, a uniplanar UWB differential antenna
cro. (sim.)
-10dB characterised by dual notch bands and polarisation diversity perform-
300 60 300 60
-30dB ance is presented. The antenna consisting of a chamfer square slot and
270 90 270 90
two vertically positioned differential pairs is designed to achieve polar-
isation diversity operation across the UWB with a high differential
240 120 240 120 isolation level. At the same time, two narrowbands (3.5 GHz WiMAX
210 150
co. (meas.)
cro. (meas.) 210 150
co. (meas.)
cro. (meas.)
and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands) are ltered to avoid interference with the
180 180 UWB. Being equipped with a wide bandwidth, high port isolation,
4.8 GHz in xz-plane 4.8 GHz in yz-plane low cross-polarisation and convenient integration with other differential
0 0
circuits, the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for differential
co. (sim.)
330 30 co. (sim.) 330 30 cro. (sim.) output wireless communication systems.
cro. (sim.)
300 60 300 60

The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015

270 90 270 90
15 October 2014
240 120 240 120
doi: 10.1049/el.2014.3626
co. (meas.)
cro. (meas.)
co. (meas.) One or more of the Figures in this Letter are available in colour online.
210 150 210 150 cro. (meas.)
180 180
He Huang, Ying Liu and Shuxi Gong (National Key Laboratory of
7.5 GHz in xz-plane 7.5 GHz in yz-plane Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xian
0 0 710071, Shaanxi, Peoples Republic of China)
330 30 co. (sim.) 330 30 co. (sim.)
cro. (sim.) cro. (sim.) E-mail: liuying@mail.xidian.edu.cn
300 60 300 60

References
270 90 270 90
1 Chacko, B.P., Augustin, G., and Denidni, T.A.: Uniplanar slot antenna
240 120 240 120 for ultrawideband polarization diversity applications, IEEE Antennas
co. (meas.) co. (meas.) Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2013, 12, pp. 8891
210 150 cro. (meas.) 210 150 cro. (meas.)
180 180 2 Antonino-Daviu, E., Gallo, M., Bernardo-Clemente, B., and
9.5 GHz in xz-plane 9.5 GHz in yz-plane Ferrando-Bataller, M.: Ultra-wideband slot ring antenna for diversity
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Fig. 4 Simulated and measured normalised radiation patterns 3 Chin, C.-H.K., Xue, Q., and Wong, H.: Broadband patch antenna with a
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Propag., 2007, 55, (9), pp. 24612467
To illuminate the polarisation diversity performance of the antenna, 4 Li, L., et al.: Ultra-wideband differential wide-slot antenna with
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4.8 GHz when differential pairs I and II are separately excited are 2012, 60, (12), pp. 60136018
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Lett., 2014, 13, pp. 12961299

Y
Phi X Phi Y
X

a b

Fig. 5 Simulated 3D radiation patterns at 4.8 GHz: differential pair I is

excited (Fig. 5a); differential pair II is excited (Fig. 5b)

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 5th February 2015 Vol. 51 No. 3 pp. 206207