Professional Documents
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IJFEAT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS AND
TECHNOLOGY
1
B.E Final Year, Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.D.I.E.T, Maharashtra, India, knlkarlekar100@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of
MechanicalEngineering,J.D.I.E.T,Maharashtra,India,ashish_wankhade@rediffmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.D.I.E.T, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The ultimate aim of agriculture or farming in India is not only limited to growing of crops but is also associated with the economic
growth of farmers and labours. Small scale farmers frequently face the problem of labour shortage or are unable to afford the wages
constrained by the labours. These problems prevent the fiscal growth of farmers and ultimately hamper the development of their
farmland and family. Efficient, effective, cheap and productive techniques are needed to strengthen the farmers. The project is based
on developing a machine which focuses on labour problems faced by small scale farmers who have agricultural land. The machine
developed can harvest up to two rows of soya bean plant at a time. The components of the machine comprise of a diesel engine of
3.5hp, pulley, a belt drive, a collecting mechanism and a cutter. The crop is being harvested by a scissoring type of motion. The power
from the engine is provided to the cutter through pulley and belt arrangement. Powered by the pulley arrangement a collecting
mechanism is being provided to the adjacent side of the cutter to collect the harvested crops. This machine is a simple and efficient
solution to the problems faced by small scale farmers as it reduces the cost of harvesting to a considerable amount as compared to that
of manual harvesting. The machine developed is small, compact and at very reasonable cost. Also, it is easy to maintain as it is made
up of local spare parts which are easily available.
plates mounted in front of the cutting frame. After cutting the the economic growth of small scale farmers. To achieve this
crop collecting belt simply carry the cut crop sideways. aim, it was decided to follow following steps:
1. Interact with local small scale farmers to obtain a basic idea
By using this harvesting machine, problem of the labour crises traditional techniques used for harvesting and labour cost for
can be reduced. As compared with manual harvesting only harvesting.
18% of labours are required. This makes the process faster 2. Interview agricultural equipment manufacturers to get
hence reduces most of the harvesting time. So, it reduces the information about various equipments that are available and
labour cost. Definitely this machine will be used by maximum are in demand.
number of farmers. Farmers can overcome the labour crises 3. Refer various international papers in small scale harvesters
problem. The productivity is also increased. produced earlier.
4. Design of reaper collector.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Asia and Pacific Commission on Agricultural Statistics
was intended to discuss the characteristics of small scale
farmers across Asia. This commission identified the problems
faced, the average land holdings and the average income of the
small scale farmers[5].
Dr.S.D.Kulakarni from Central Institute of Agricultural
Engineering (CIAE) Bhopal ,[discussed the problems faced by
the farmers at the peak season of the harvesting. It specifically
limits its results towards the labour scarcity in India, especially
in the peak harvesting seasons. [1],
Indian Government Analysis was the survey done by
Indian Government in the fiscal year of 2012-13. This survey
was intended to analyze and collect the data related to the
problems faced by the Indian farmers. [5] Fig 1 : Top view of the Reaper
N.S.L.Srivastava checked the interests of farmers and the 1. Engine 2.Engine Frame 3. Tyre 4. Cutter Blades 5. Crop
problems they faced while harvesting and maintaining the row divider
agriculture field. His paper was a deep study of the farming
conditions of the farmers and their basic problems. [6] Past data bases like Google scholar, Google patents
Christopher Molica et. al. created a small scale and relevant papers for small scale harvesters were examined.
harvester which was a combined reaper and binder. This The purpose was to gain an insight into what researches have
machine was developed concerned to the small scale grain been done earlier and what were the implications of those
growers. [4] designs.
Yuming Guo et. al. described the relation between the
stalk strength and the cutting force that is required for cutting 3.2 Components of Machine
the soybean. The paper briefly explains the Design,
Development and Fabrication of a Compact Harvester. The 3.5 HP Birla Yamaha engine, frame angle, wheel assembly,
paper described the strength of various crops and compares it pedestal bearings, pulleys, cutting blades, chain and sprockets,
with the soybean and also gives a rough idea about the cutting clutch, starwheel and crop guiding assembly.
speed required to cut the crop. [2]
L.P.Raut et. al. created a small scale harvester machine. The engine is mounted to provide power to the harvester. The
The machine targets small scale farmers who have land area of frame of the harvester with the dimension 90 cm 22 cm (l
less than 2 acres. This machine is compact and can cut up to b) is fabricated using frame angles. The frame is light and
two rows of soybean plant. It has cutting blades which cut the strong enough to sustain weight of diesel engine. The wheels
crop in a scissoring type of motion. It runs on diesel engine of are connected by means of an axle which supports entire frame
5HP, this power from engine, is provided through pulley and of the machine.
gear box arrangement to the cutter. A collecting mechanism is
provided for the collection of crops to one side after cutting. Pedestal bearing is used for higher speeds, heavy loads and
The mechanism is powered by pulley arrangement. The large sizes. A pulley is a wheel on an axle that is designed to
compact harvester is manufactured using locally available support movement of a cable or belt along its circumference.
spare parts and thus, it is easily maintainable [3]. They are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to
provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys
3. PROPOSED WORK are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in order to
transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
3.1 Methodology
With increase in demand of labour, the aim was to
fabricate affordable harvester with locally available parts for
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Robonance-15 ISSN: 2321-8134
Belts are looped over pulleys. In a two pulley system, the belt motion of shaft into reciprocating motion of cutter blade.
can either drive the pulleys in the same direction, or the belt Reciprocating cutter blade slides over fixed blade and creates
may be crossed, so that the direction of the shafts is opposite. scissoring action responsible for cutting the crops. Collecting
mechanism consist of flat belt with collecting plates bolted on
V belts are used to overcome the slippage and alignment it known as lugs. The crops are guided towards lugs by means
problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They of the guiding plates mounted in front of the cutting frame.
provide the best combination of traction, speed of movement, During forward motion of the reaper, crop row dividers divide
load of the bearings, and long service life. the crop which comes in contact with the cutter bar where
shearing of crops stems takes place by means of the guiding
Cutter assembly consists of a sliding cutter plate and a plates and fix in to the star wheels so that while cutting it will
stationery cutter plate. The cutters used are of triangular shape. not fall in front. After cutting the crop collecting belt simply
In sliding cutter plate, cutter blade is riveted on 2.5 cm plate carry cut crops sideways.
and in stationery cutter plate cutter blade is riveted on 8 cm
plate. The stationary cutter plate is directly bolted and fixed on
frame.
process faster hence reduces the time required to harvest the [3] Design, Development and Fabrication of a Compact
same amount of yield manually which will ultimately reduce Harvester, Laukik P.Raut, Vishal Dhandare, Pratik Jain, Vinit
the labour required leading to reduction in labour cost, thus Ghike, Vineet Mishra.
leading to the economic development of farmers. This
machine can be used by a large number of farmers as it is [4] Design of Small-Scale Grain Harvester: A tool for Urban
small, compact and is easily available. and Pre-urban Growers; Christopher Boyle, Ian Jutras,
Christopher Molica, Earl Ziegler.
REFERENCES
[5] Asia and Pacific Commission on Agricultural Statistics
[1] Mechanization of agriculture - Indian scenario, Dr. S.D. Twenty-Third Session Siem Reap, Cambodia, 26-30 April
Kulakarni, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering 2010.
(CIAE) Bhopal. Vol. 2, Issue 10, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-
0613. [6] Farm power sources, their availability and future
requirements to sustain agricultural production, by N. S. L.
[2] Relationship between Stalk Shear Strength and Srivastava.
Morphological Traits of Stalk Crops, Li Liang, Yuming Guo.
Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Shanxi
Agricultural University. 2011 International Conference on
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Advances in Biomedical Engineering Vols. 1-2.
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