GRAMMAR II - PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT N 7: PHRASE ELEMENT CLAUSES

NAME: .. DATE: COURSE:..

The recent discovery of the wreck of an old ship (lying on the ocean floor near the coast of
North Carolina) has revived interest in the colourful character (who was the ship's last
captain.) The ship is believed to be the `Queen Anne's Revenge',( which sank in 1718). Her
captain, (called Blackbeard), was the most notorious pirate of his days.
Blackbeard, (whose real name was Edward Teach), had been a sailor on British ships in the
Caribbean during Queen Anne's War (1702-1713). These ships, (often involved in attacks on
French and Spanish ships in the region), had permission( to keep a percentage of (whatever
they captured from these enemies of the queen.)
All this changed in 1713 when the European powers declared peace and the war ended.
Teach and hundreds of other sailors had to choose between (returning to unemployment in
Britain or continuing to do the activity (they knew best, only as pirates)). They started as small
bands in small boats, attacking and robbing merchant ships, and eventually had the
determination (to control larger ships (which had the speed and power( to dominate the trade
routes in and near the Caribbean))). When they captured a large French ship, (renamed 'Queen
Anne's Revenge'), Blackbeard and his crew finally had a true pirate 80-foot-long ship, (holding
three masts and more than three dozen cannons.)
Blackbeard soon was sure (that a fearsome reputation, a pirate flag and some warning
shots from his cannons were all he needed). He was preapared (to stop most ships without
(discharging a weapon)). In contemporary accounts, Blackbeard is described as a `demon from
hell',( whose huge black beard was twisted into long tails) and (who carried several guns and
swords in belts (slung across both shoulders)). Sticking out from the sides of his cap were long
smouldering fuses (he could use to ignite cannons during an attack).
The fact (that he was a shrewd and calculating leader) made him avoid the use of force,
relying instead on his fearsome image in order to elicit the response (he desired from those(
he robbed)). Contrary to the modern-day picture of the traditional tyrannical pirate, he had his
crews permission and consent (to command the vessel) and there are no known accounts of
(his ever having harmed or murdered those (he held captive)). He was romanticized after his
death, and became the inspiration for (filming a number of pirate-themed works of fiction
across a range of genres.)
Blackbeard's reign of terror lasted until 1718, when he was killed in a sea battle with two
British ships (which had the determination (to put an end to piracy in the region)). After his
death, Blackbeard became a romantic figure and stories about his daring adventures and tales
of treasures (secretly buried) helped to create the popular image of pirates (we still have
today).

1. Identify with ( ) every dependent clause controlled by a noun, an adjective or a

preposition in the text above.

2. State which type of clause they are: relative, noun complement, complement of a
preposition or complement of an adjective.
Paragraph 1: 17. CA..
1. RC. 18. .CP..
2. RC. 19. RC..
3. RC. 20. RC..
4. RC. 21. RC..
Paragraph 2: 22. RC..
5. RC Paragraph 5:
6. RC.. 23. NC..
7. NC.. 24. RC..
8. CP.. 25. RC..
Paragraph 3: 26. NC..
9. CP.. 27. CP..
10. RC.. 28. RC..
11. CN.. 29. CP..
12. RC. Paragraph 6:
13. CN. 30. RC
14. RC.. 31. CN..
15. RC. 32. RC
Paragraph 4: 33. RC.
16. CA 34. .
3. Write you own sentences related to the text using:
1. A non-defining relative clause finite 5. A clause controlled by an adjective finite
2. A defining relative clause non-finite (to- 6. A clause controlled by an adjective non-
infinitive) finite
3. A noun complement clause finite 7. An clause controlled by a preposition finite
4. A noun complement clause - finite 8. An clause controlled by a preposition non-
finite
1

2
 3

4. Change each of these clauses to a reduced relative clause and write it in one of the
spaces below.
it was standing on the bed. they are sitting in it x
it is based on a true story they went out to concerts and the theatre
it is parked outside they were accused of crimes x
it was covered with feathers they were committed during the war
it starts at 8 p.m. they had to take into account that factor

1. There's a black car parked outside .with two

policemen sitting in it .
2. I found the puppy standing on the bed ..and covered
with feathers
from one of the pillows that it had ripped open.
3. The film starting at 8 p.m is a drama............. based
on a true story........................................

4. Many people accused of crimes

..had to be set free because no witnesses could be found
to testify against them.
5. We envied Paul and Marjorie Andersons who didn't have children and who had more
timeto go out to concerts and the theatre .
6. His presence was a factor to take into account

5. State the gap of the underlined relative clauses.

1. I love the card that you sent me. DO
2. We found a shop which sold old records. S
3. I cant remember the hotel that we stayed in. CP
4. The person you are A PERSON1 is the person I love2. SP DO
5. There might be good reasons why he couldnt come. ADV
6. The film hes talking about is Twist. CP
7. Women are better in situations where strategy is more important than strength. AV
8. They lived in a town whose name Ive forgotten. POSSESIVE
 9. Do you have a moment when we can talk? AV

6. Study the situations and then decide which option is correct, the defining or the non-
defining relative clause.
1.I have three brothers.
a. My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month.
b. My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month.
2.I have one sister.
a. My sister who is 25 years old spent her holiday in France.
b. My sister, who is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France.
3 .My friend Jane moved to Canada.
a. My friend Jane whose husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week.
b. My friend Jane, whose husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week.
4.I am a shoe fanatic.
a. The shoes which I bought yesterday are very comfortable.
b. The shoes, which I bought yesterday, are very comfortable.
5.Mr Robinson is very famous.
a. Mr Robinson whom I met at the trade fair is a famous inventor.
b. Mr Robinson, whom I met at the trade fair, is a famous inventor.
6.Tamara has two cats. Both of them are black.
a. Tamara's two cats which can play outside are black.
b. Tamara's two cats, which can play outside, are black.
7.Kevin has four cats. Two of them are black.
a. Kevin's two cats which are black can play outside.
b. Kevin's two cats, which are black, can play outside.
8.We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church.
The church which we visited yesterday is very old.
The church, which we visited yesterday, is very old.