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RESEARCH ARTICLE
ABSTRACT- This study is a comparative analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water
intake in urban area of Patna District, Bihar state. A total of 68 drinking water samples randomly collected from 41
hand pumps, 14 municipal supply tap, 11 boring water and 2 well from 15 different locations of urban area of Patna
District. Samples were collected aseptically in 60ml sterile plastic container for bacteriological and in 1 liter sterile
plastic bottle for physicochemical parameter like pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand,
etc and compared with BIS (IS -10500). MPN test was applied to detect the presence of coliform in the drinking water
samples. The total coliform count was detected in 57 out of 68 water samples. Most of the water samples were shown
compromising physicochemical parameters. Total hardness (TH) is above the permissible limits detected in 60 out of 68
samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was also recorded below the standard for most of the samples .This results indicate
that drinking water is highly in jeopardy to bacterial contamination. Construction of septic tanks near with boring and
drinking water supply line short distance between water supply network and swage supply line poor constructed well
head, cross contamination with waste water, Leakage in pipe line are the main cause of water contamination.
Key-words- Drinking water, MPN count, Coliforms, Physico-chemical analysis, Bacterial, D.O., B.O.D., pH
INTRODUCTION
Water is the most vital natural resource after oxygen for Coliforms are the major microbial indicators for
life of all living organism from prokaryotes to higher monitoring water quality. These are rod shaped,
eukaryotes. Demand for fresh water increases rapidly due non-sporing, motile or non motile, gram negative, aerobic
to rising population and accelerate pace of and facultative or anaerobic bacteria that ferment lactose
industrialization [1]. People obtained their drinking water with gas formation within 48 hours at 370C.They are
from surface and underground sources. These sources commonly found in intestinal tract of men and animals
could be contaminated by microbial and chemical and considered as indicator organisms, used all over the
pollutants come with domestic waste water, sewage, etc world to establish the degree of faecal pollution in water.
[2]
. Increase in urbanization, industrialization and various Faecal polluted materials always contain coliforms [4].
anthropogenic activities have increases the surface and Most Probable Number (MPN) test is a specific test to
ground water pollution. Not all bacteria present in water determine the presence of coliform in a given samples.
are harmful but it is the kind of specific microorganisms Coliforms ferment lactose with the production of gas,
which are pathogenic causes water borne diseases. Their bacteria other than coliforms do not ferment lactose and
presence in water indicates contamination of water supply they do not produce gas. Faecal contaminate drinking
with fecal matter [3]. water can spread diseases like hepatitis, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid and diarrhea. Diarrhea is considered as
Access this article online most important water borne disease, which affects 40%
children under 5 year old.
Quick Response Code Website: Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and Biological Oxygen Demand
www.ijlssr.com (B.O.D.) indicates the organic compounds in water.
B.O.D. is the volume of oxygen required by the bacteria
metabolizing organic compound under aerobic condition.
The magnitude of B.O.D. is related to amount of organic
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.15 material in waste water. Total hardness indicates the
presence of Mg and Ca salts in water.
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(5): 1355-1359 SEPTEMBER 2017
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(5): 1355-1359 SEPTEMBER 2017
Table 1: Results of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Hand pump water
S. NO Sample type MPN MPN index D.O. B.O.D. T.H pH
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(5): 1355-1359 SEPTEMBER 2017
Table 3. Results of Physicochemical and Bacteriological analysis of Boring and Well Water
Graphs were also developed to show the results obtained from the experiment in Fig. 1 & 2.
10 9
9
8
7 6 6 6
6 5 5
5 4 4 4
4
3 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MPN(-VE)
0 MPN(+VE)
Fig. 1: MPN results of the samples collected from different area of Patna urban area
Fig. 2: Total number of sample collected from different location of Patna district
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Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(5): 1355-1359 SEPTEMBER 2017
From the observation of physicochemical analysis, which [3] Pelczar, Jr. M., Chan, E.C.S. AND Kreig, N.R.
is presented in the Table 1-3. It is shown that the pH Microbiology. McGraw Hill Book Company, NewYork,
value for 67 water samples was found to be under the U.S.A. 1986.
permissible limit (6.5-8.5) and pH of 1 sample found to [4] Grant, M. A. A new membrane filtration medium for
simultaneous detection and enumeration of Escherichia
be slightly acidic (6.10).
coli and total coliform, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997;
Thirteen out of 41 water samples of hand pump water 63: 35263530.
shows greater Total Hardness value than the permissible [5] Reda A.H.Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water
limit (300 mg/L). One water sample from each B.W and Quality of Arbaminch Town. J Environ Anal Toxicol.
M.S.W shows increased total hardness. 2016; 6(2):1-5.
The B.O.D value for all the water samples were lower [6] APHA. Standard methods for examination of water and
than the standard value (2mg/L) except one hand pump wastewater. 21st Edition., Washington D.C, 2005.
water sample which has higher B.O.D value (2.2mg/L). [7] Britton L.J., Greeson P.E. Methods for collection and
The D.O for all the samples was lower than the standard analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples;
value (6 mg/L). US Geological survey techniques of water-resources
investigations, book 5, A4, 1987; 363-403.
The MPN values of all the water samples were found out
[8] American Public Health Association (APHA), and Water
using multiple tube tests and out of 68 water samples Pollution Control Federation, Standard methods for the
tested, 54 water samples exceed the permissible limit examination of water and waste water 20th Edition,
(50/100 ml). The permissible limit taken from BIS [10]. Washington D.C, 1998.
Sirajudeen et al. [11], Manjesh et al. [12], and Rajankar et [9] Cheesbrough, M. District Laboratory Practices in Tropical
al. [13] also carried out a similar type of work and the Countries, Part-2 Revised. Cambridge: Cambridge
parameter were compared with BIS. University Press. 2006; 65-190.
[10] BIS, drinking water: Guidelines for drinking water quality,
CONCLUSIONS Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi 110002, 2012.
According to the parameters given by APHA, the [11] J. Sirajudeen Arul Manikandan and V. Manivel, Water
Quality Index of Ground Water around Ampikapuram area
presence of coliforms in given water samples indicates
near Uyyakondan channel Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu,
that the water is polluted and not of potable quality. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2013; 5 (3):21-26.
Presence of coliform in drinking water may cause various [12] Manjesh Kumar and Ramesh Kumar, Assessment of
diseases like cholera which is highly destructive. Physico-Chemical properties of Ground Water in granite
Presence of coliform in drinking water supplies may be mining areas in Goramachia, Jhansi UP. International
either due to malfunctioning of treatment plant or to the Journal of Engineering Research & Technology,
infiltration of sewage water through cross connection, 2012; 1(7):1-9.
leakage points and back siphonage. Water sources must [13] Rajankar P. and et al., Assessment of Ground Water
be protected from contamination by human and animal Quality using water quality index(WQI) in Wardha
waste, which contains hazardous microbes. A regular Maharashtra, Journal of Environmental Science and
Sustainability, NEERI, 2013; 1(2):49-54.
monitoring of water quality is needed to protect if further
polluted. International Journal of Life Sciences Scientific Research (IJLSSR)
Open Access Policy
REFERENCES Authors/Contributors are responsible for originality, contents, correct
references, and ethical issues.
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